Road and bridge visual construction operation and maintenance system and method based on BIM technology

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of road and bridge engineering, in particular to a BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology-based road and bridge visual construction operation and maintenance system and method, which are applied to construction management and later operation and maintenance processes of urban roads and bridges, and integrate data acquisition, a BIM model, information interaction and a visualization module, realize seamless connection of construction and operation and maintenance data, and improve the construction efficiency. The data acquisition module acquires construction data, building material data and operation and maintenance, environment, road and bridge monitoring data, and the IM model module constructs a construction three-dimensional model and a building operation and maintenance model based on the data; the information interaction module provides construction, operation and maintenance and monitoring information interfaces, the visual module adjusts the model and manages data, the traditional information fault problem is solved, the data utilization efficiency is improved, the system optimizes the construction and operation and maintenance process, the project management transparency is enhanced, and an efficient and intelligent management solution is brought to the engineering construction industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of road and bridge engineering, and in particular to a road and bridge visualization construction and operation system and method based on BIM technology, which is applied to the construction management and subsequent operation and maintenance of urban roads and bridges. Background Technology

[0002] With the acceleration of urbanization, the scale of infrastructure construction such as roads and bridges is constantly expanding, which also increases the difficulty of construction management and subsequent operation and maintenance. Traditional road and bridge construction and operation and maintenance management mainly rely on paper drawings, documents and manual experience, which has problems such as low information transmission efficiency, inconsistent data, and separation between construction and operation and maintenance.

[0003] Currently, Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has been widely applied in the construction field, but its application in the road and bridge sector is still in the exploratory stage. Existing BIM applications in roads and bridges mainly suffer from the following problems: First, there is a severe information gap between the construction and operation and maintenance phases, resulting in a large amount of valuable construction data being unable to be effectively utilized during the operation and maintenance phase; second, there is a lack of visual management methods for the entire lifecycle of roads and bridges, making it difficult to intuitively present the construction process and operation and maintenance status; third, construction quality inspection and operation and maintenance testing lack refined and intelligent methods, often relying on manual experience for judgment; fourth, it is impossible to achieve real-time monitoring and early warning of bridge health status, making it difficult to promptly detect potential safety hazards.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a visualization system that can span the entire process of road and bridge construction and operation and maintenance, so as to achieve seamless connection of construction and operation and maintenance data, refined management of quality inspection, and real-time monitoring and early warning of bridge conditions, thereby improving the management efficiency and safety level of the entire life cycle of roads and bridges. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a road and bridge visualization construction and operation system and method based on BIM technology, which solves the problems of information gap between road and bridge construction and operation and maintenance, unintuitive management methods, imprecise quality inspection, and unreal-time status monitoring in the existing technology.

[0006] This invention proposes a BIM-based visualized construction and operation system for roads and bridges, comprising:

[0007] The data acquisition module is used to acquire construction data and building material data in the construction area, as well as operation and maintenance data, environmental monitoring data, road usage data, and bridge structure monitoring data in the operation and maintenance area.

[0008] The BIM model module is connected to the data acquisition module and is used to construct a 3D construction model based on the building material data and a building operation and maintenance model based on the building data.

[0009] The information interaction module is connected to the BIM model module and is used to provide a construction information interaction interface, an operation and maintenance information interaction interface, and a monitoring information interaction interface.

[0010] The visualization module, connected to the information interaction module, is used to receive the construction data and adjust the construction 3D model, receive the operation and maintenance data and adjust the building operation and maintenance model, and manage the construction data and the construction project data.

[0011] Preferably, the data acquisition module includes:

[0012] The building material image acquisition unit is used to acquire images of various building materials during building construction.

[0013] The building material information acquisition unit is used to acquire a dataset of various building materials in building construction. The dataset includes the quality, proportion, usage time range, source, purchase date and transportation date of each building material.

[0014] Construction time acquisition unit, used to acquire building construction time;

[0015] The bridge parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire bridge parameters in the building area;

[0016] The monitoring parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire environmental monitoring data of the operation and maintenance area;

[0017] The road parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire road usage data.

[0018] Preferably, the BIM model module includes:

[0019] The construction data input unit is used to obtain a dataset of building materials.

[0020] A construction 3D model generation unit is used to generate a virtual building based on the dataset of the building materials.

[0021] The construction data adjustment unit is used to adjust the position of the virtual building according to the construction time and mark the construction time.

[0022] The building data input unit is used to acquire building data.

[0023] The building operation and maintenance model generation unit is used to generate a virtual bridge based on the building data.

[0024] The coordinate fitting unit is used to fit the deformation curve of the bridge by combining the data from the coordinate positioning points.

[0025] Preferably, the information interaction module assigns different functional permissions based on user roles, including:

[0026] The administrator interaction unit allows administrators to view the BIM model, obtain all component visualization inspection information, and display the component visualization quality inspection information in a visual manner.

[0027] The supervision interaction unit is used to enable supervisors to view BIM models, obtain visual inspection information of specified components, and display the visual quality inspection information of components in a visual manner.

[0028] The maintenance interaction unit enables maintenance personnel to view the BIM model, obtain visual inspection information of specified components, and display component defect images in a visual manner.

[0029] The construction interaction unit is used to enable construction personnel to view BIM models, obtain visual inspection information of specified components, and display the 3D models of components in a visual manner.

[0030] Preferably, the visualization module includes:

[0031] Construction data recording unit, used to record construction data during the building construction process;

[0032] The construction data display unit is used to obtain the query instructions input by the management personnel of the construction information interaction interface, and to query the corresponding construction data from the construction data recording unit according to the query instructions and display it.

[0033] The construction data statistics unit is used to obtain construction data during the building construction process from the construction data recording unit and generate a construction statistics table.

[0034] The operation and maintenance data recording unit is used to record operation and maintenance data during the operation and maintenance process;

[0035] The operation and maintenance data display unit is used to obtain the query instructions input by the management personnel of the operation and maintenance information interaction interface, and to query the corresponding operation and maintenance data from the operation and maintenance data recording unit according to the query instructions and display it.

[0036] The operation and maintenance data statistics unit is used to obtain operation and maintenance data during the operation and maintenance process from the operation and maintenance data recording unit and generate an operation and maintenance statistics table.

[0037] Preferably, the visualization module further includes:

[0038] The data upload unit is used to upload construction documents and construction data during building construction.

[0039] The data download unit is used to download building data for the maintenance area;

[0040] The data statistics unit is used to acquire construction data and compile information on the quantity of building construction work.

[0041] The data comparison unit is used to compare the construction quantity information with the construction data to determine whether the construction quantity information and the construction data are consistent. If they are consistent, a construction completion prompt is issued; if they are inconsistent, a construction abnormality prompt is issued.

[0042] As a preferred option, it also includes:

[0043] The component inspection unit is used to perform visual inspections of components in the BIM model, and to obtain the visual inspection information of each component, as well as the corresponding component inspection results and component defect information.

[0044] The defect image display unit is used to identify the corresponding component defect image based on the component defect information and to display the defect image in a visual manner.

[0045] The quality inspection information display unit is used to determine the visual quality inspection items of the corresponding components based on the component inspection results in the visual inspection information. The visual quality inspection items include uninspected items, inspected and qualified items, and inspected and unqualified items.

[0046] Preferably, the component inspection unit is configured as follows:

[0047] Mark the components corresponding to the non-conforming items that have been inspected. When the mouse hovers over the marked area, the visual quality inspection information of the component is displayed.

[0048] For components corresponding to unchecked items, no visual quality inspection information is displayed when the mouse is hovered over them;

[0049] For components that have passed inspection, the visual quality inspection information for those components will not be displayed.

[0050] As a preferred option, it also includes:

[0051] The bridge maintenance unit is used to acquire bridge information, determine the bridge condition based on the bridge information, and generate a bridge maintenance plan and a bridge maintenance scheme based on the bridge condition.

[0052] An anomaly processing unit, connected to the data acquisition module, is used to process the detection data for anomalies and generate an anomaly file.

[0053] A data analysis unit, connected to the anomaly handling unit, is used to analyze the anomaly file and generate anomaly data and anomaly point information;

[0054] An alarm unit, connected to the data analysis unit, is used to issue an alarm signal when displacement, deformation, or vibration data exceeds a set threshold.

[0055] A BIM-based method for visualized construction and operation maintenance of roads and bridges includes the following steps:

[0056] Acquire construction data and building material data for the construction area, and construct a model based on the building material data as a three-dimensional construction model.

[0057] Obtain building data, operation and maintenance data, environmental monitoring data, road usage data, and bridge structure monitoring data for the operation and maintenance area, and construct a model based on the building data as a building operation and maintenance model;

[0058] The system provides a construction information interaction interface, an operation and maintenance information interaction interface, and a monitoring information interaction interface. The construction information interaction interface is used by managers to obtain the construction 3D model and construction project data, and by managers to input construction data. The operation and maintenance information interaction interface is used by managers to obtain the building operation and maintenance model and operation and maintenance project data, and by managers to input operation and maintenance data. The monitoring information interaction interface is a data display window for managers to view the environmental monitoring data, the road usage data, and the bridge structure monitoring data.

[0059] Receive the construction data and adjust the construction 3D model; receive the operation and maintenance data and adjust the building operation and maintenance model; manage the construction data and the construction project data.

[0060] Perform visual inspections on the components in the BIM model, and display the visual quality inspection information of the components in a visual manner based on the visual inspection information.

[0061] The bridge condition is determined based on the bridge information, and a bridge maintenance plan and a bridge maintenance scheme are generated based on the bridge condition.

[0062] This invention establishes a digital platform that spans the entire construction and operation and maintenance process, enabling seamless integration of construction and operation and maintenance data, visually displaying the construction process and operation and maintenance status, supporting component-level quality inspection and precise monitoring, and providing real-time monitoring and early warning functions for bridge conditions, thereby comprehensively improving the management efficiency and safety level of roads and bridges throughout their entire life cycle.

[0063] The beneficial effects of this invention include:

[0064] 1. It has achieved seamless integration of construction and operation and maintenance data, solved the problem of information gaps in traditional management, and improved data utilization efficiency;

[0065] 2. It provides an intuitive 3D visualization, enabling managers to have a clearer understanding of the project status;

[0066] 3. Supports detailed quality inspection at the component level, improving the accuracy of quality management;

[0067] 4. Real-time monitoring and early warning of bridge conditions have been achieved, greatly improving the level of safety management;

[0068] 5. Customized information interfaces are provided based on different user roles, optimizing the user experience;

[0069] 6. Intelligent data analysis supports predictive maintenance decisions, reducing maintenance costs. Attached Figure Description

[0070] Figure 1 This is an overall architecture diagram of a road and bridge visualization construction and operation system based on BIM technology according to the present invention;

[0071] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition module of the present invention;

[0072] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the BIM model module of the present invention;

[0073] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the information interaction module of the present invention;

[0074] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the visualization module of the present invention;

[0075] Figure 6 This is a flowchart of the component inspection unit of the present invention;

[0076] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating the workflow of the bridge maintenance unit of the present invention.

[0077] Figure 8 This is a flowchart of a road and bridge visualization construction and operation method based on BIM technology according to the present invention;

[0078] Figure 9 This is a visualization example of component-level quality inspection according to the present invention;

[0079] Figure 10 This is an example diagram showing the fitting results of the bridge deformation curve in this invention;

[0080] Figure 11 This is an architecture diagram of the intelligent deformation prediction system of the present invention;

[0081] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-source heterogeneous data fusion process of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0082] Please refer to the attached document. Figure 1-12 The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0083] like Figure 1As shown, the present invention provides a road and bridge visualization construction and operation system based on BIM technology, including a data acquisition module 1, a BIM model module 2, an information interaction module 3, a visualization module 4, a component inspection unit 5, a bridge maintenance unit 6, an anomaly handling unit 7, and a data analysis unit 8. The modules are connected and communicate with each other through a data bus.

[0084] like Figure 2 As shown, the data acquisition module 1 is used to acquire construction data and building material data for the construction area, and operation and maintenance data, environmental monitoring data, road usage data, and bridge structure monitoring data for the operation and maintenance area. Preferably, the construction data includes the proportions of various building materials, construction methods, procurement dates, transportation dates, and construction personnel involved in the construction; the building material data includes images, quality, and usage time ranges of various building materials; the building data includes the building dimensions and specifications of the construction area; and the operation and maintenance data includes images of inspection personnel, inspection time, and inspection item data, including bridge safety data and crack data.

[0085] In one embodiment of the present invention, the data acquisition module 1 includes a building material image acquisition unit 11, a building material information acquisition unit 12, a construction time acquisition unit 13, a bridge parameter acquisition unit 14, a monitoring parameter acquisition unit 15, and a road parameter acquisition unit 16.

[0086] The building material image acquisition unit 11 is used to acquire images of various building materials during construction. Preferably, the building material image acquisition unit 11 uses a high-resolution camera with a resolution of at least 20 megapixels to ensure image clarity and detail. The building material image acquisition unit 11 can be triggered to capture images at regular intervals or manually. The acquired images are optimized using image preprocessing algorithms, including noise reduction, enhancement, and normalization.

[0087] The building material information acquisition unit 12 is used to acquire datasets of various building materials used in construction. These datasets include the quality, proportions, usage time range, source, purchase date, and transportation date of each building material. Preferably, the building material information acquisition unit 12 collects material data in real time via IoT sensors, or it is entered by construction personnel using standardized forms. For example, the quality of concrete materials is automatically acquired using electronic weighing equipment, the proportions are recorded by a batching system, and the usage time range is determined by RFID tag tracking.

[0088] The construction time acquisition unit 13 is used to acquire the construction time of the building. Preferably, the construction time acquisition unit 13 can use an automatic timestamp recording method, accurate to the second, which facilitates subsequent analysis of the relationship between construction progress and quality and time.

[0089] The bridge parameter acquisition unit 14 is used to acquire bridge parameters for the building area. Preferably, the bridge parameters include basic parameters such as the bridge's length, width, height, span, material type, and design load-bearing capacity, as well as detailed dimensions and parameters of structural components such as piers, abutments, main beams, and crossbeams.

[0090] The monitoring parameter acquisition unit 15 is used to acquire environmental monitoring data of the operation and maintenance area. Preferably, the environmental monitoring data includes dust content, ambient air humidity, ambient air temperature, noise decibel value, etc. The monitoring parameter acquisition unit 15 can adopt a distributed sensor network to sample at a frequency of once per hour, or increase the sampling frequency to once every 15 minutes under specific conditions (such as severe weather).

[0091] The road parameter acquisition unit 16 is used to acquire road usage data. Preferably, the road usage data includes road surface damage data, road accident data, etc. The road parameter acquisition unit 16 can automatically detect road surface conditions through intelligent cameras and image recognition technology, or acquire accident data by connecting to a traffic management system.

[0092] like Figure 3 As shown, the BIM model module 2 is connected to the data acquisition module 1 and is used to construct a three-dimensional construction model based on the building material data and to construct a building operation and maintenance model based on the building data.

[0093] In one embodiment of the present invention, the BIM model module 2 includes a construction data input unit 21, a construction 3D model generation unit 22, a construction data adjustment unit 23, a building data input unit 24, a building operation and maintenance model generation unit 25, and a coordinate fitting unit 26.

[0094] The construction data input unit 21 is used to acquire a dataset of building materials. Preferably, the construction data input unit 21 can acquire data directly from the data acquisition module 1 via an API interface, or it can acquire data by importing standard format files (such as Excel, CSV, or JSON formats).

[0095] The construction 3D model generation unit 22 is used to generate a virtual building based on the dataset of building materials. Preferably, the construction 3D model generation unit 22 employs parametric modeling technology to automatically generate a 3D model that conforms to engineering specifications based on the building material data. For example, for bridge components, 3D models of beams, columns, slabs, and other components can be automatically generated based on a preset parametric template and according to their actual dimensions and material properties.

[0096] The construction data adjustment unit 23 is used to adjust the position of the virtual building and mark the construction time according to the construction time. Preferably, the construction data adjustment unit 23 implements four-dimensional BIM functionality, introducing the time dimension into the three-dimensional model, which can display the construction process of the building over time. Through timeline control, managers can view the construction status at any point in time, and can also display the entire construction process through animation.

[0097] The building data input unit 24 is used to acquire building data. Preferably, the building data includes basic information such as the building dimensions and specifications of the building area, as well as detailed information such as design drawings, material specifications, and construction standards. The building data input unit 24 supports the import of data in various formats, including CAD drawings, PDF documents, and image files.

[0098] The building operation and maintenance model generation unit 25 is used to generate a virtual bridge based on the building data. Preferably, the building operation and maintenance model generation unit 25 is based on the IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) standard format to generate a BIM operation and maintenance model containing rich semantic information, which facilitates subsequent maintenance management and information retrieval.

[0099] The coordinate fitting unit 26 is used to fit the deformation curve of the bridge by combining the data from the coordinate positioning points. Preferably, the coordinate fitting unit 26 employs a polynomial curve fitting algorithm, calculating the best-fit curve using the least squares method. The mathematical model for coordinate fitting can be expressed as:

[0100] ,

[0101] in, This represents the displacement value of the coordinate point. Indicates the position of the coordinate point. Represents the polynomial coefficients. This indicates the order of the polynomial. Typically, A value of 3 to 5 can meet the fitting requirements of most bridge deformation curves. The fitting accuracy is evaluated by the root mean square error (RMSE), which should be less than 0.5 mm to ensure that the fitting accuracy meets engineering requirements.

[0102] like Figure 4 As shown, the information interaction module 3 is connected to the BIM model module 2 and is used to provide construction information interaction interface, operation and maintenance information interaction interface and monitoring information interaction interface.

[0103] In one embodiment of the present invention, the information interaction module 3 is assigned different functional permissions based on user roles, including administrator interaction unit 31, supervisor interaction unit 32, maintenance interaction unit 33 and construction interaction unit 34.

[0104] The administrator interaction unit 31 allows administrators to view the BIM model, obtain all component visualization inspection information, and display the component visualization quality inspection information in a visual manner. Preferably, the administrator has the highest system privileges and can access all data and functions, including viewing global data statistics, project progress reports, quality inspection results, safety monitoring data, etc. The administrator interaction unit 31 provides an intuitive dashboard interface that centrally displays key indicators and alarm information.

[0105] The supervision interaction unit 32 allows supervisors to view the BIM model, obtain visual inspection information of specified components, and display the visual quality inspection information of components in a visual manner. Preferably, supervisors mainly focus on the quality inspection and acceptance stages; therefore, the supervision interaction unit 32 primarily provides functions such as quality inspection records, inspection result statistics, and quality issue tracking. Supervisors can quickly locate specific components or areas requiring attention by using filtering criteria.

[0106] The maintenance interaction unit 33 enables maintenance personnel to view the BIM model, obtain visual inspection information of specified components, and display component defect images in a visual manner. Preferably, maintenance personnel are mainly responsible for inspection and repair during the operation and maintenance phase; therefore, the maintenance interaction unit 33 focuses on providing functions such as maintenance plan management, maintenance records, and equipment status monitoring. Maintenance personnel can view the BIM model and historical inspection records on-site via mobile devices and enter new inspection and repair information.

[0107] The construction interaction unit 34 allows construction personnel to view the BIM model, obtain visual inspection information for specified components, and visualize the 3D model of the components. Preferably, construction personnel primarily focus on the construction process and quality control; therefore, the construction interaction unit 34 mainly provides functions such as construction guidance, material information, and quality requirements. Construction personnel can obtain detailed construction guidance and standards through the interactive interface and record key data and problems encountered during the construction process.

[0108] like Figure 5 As shown, the visualization module 4 is connected to the information interaction module 3, and is used to receive the construction data and adjust the construction 3D model, receive the operation and maintenance data and adjust the building operation and maintenance model, and manage the construction data and the construction project data.

[0109] In one embodiment of the present invention, the visualization module 4 includes a construction data recording unit 41, a construction data display unit 42, a construction data statistics unit 43, an operation and maintenance data recording unit 44, an operation and maintenance data display unit 45, and an operation and maintenance data statistics unit 46.

[0110] The construction data recording unit 41 is used to record construction data during the building construction process. Preferably, the construction data recording unit 41 adopts a distributed database architecture, supporting high-concurrency data writing and storage, ensuring the integrity and consistency of the construction data. The recorded construction data includes information on various aspects such as construction progress, material usage, personnel allocation, and quality inspection.

[0111] The construction data display unit 42 is used to obtain query commands input by management personnel on the construction information interaction interface, and to retrieve and display corresponding construction data from the construction data recording unit according to the query commands. Preferably, the construction data display unit 42 adopts a responsive design to adapt to the display requirements of different terminal devices and supports multiple data visualization methods, including tables, charts, and 3D models. Users can accurately query the required data through filtering conditions, time ranges, keywords, etc.

[0112] The construction data statistics unit 43 is used to acquire construction data during the building construction process from the construction data recording unit and generate construction statistics tables. Preferably, the construction data statistics unit 43 uses data mining and statistical analysis algorithms to perform multi-dimensional analysis of the construction data and generate statistical reports including key indicators such as progress completion rate, material usage efficiency, and quality pass rate. These statistical results are displayed intuitively in the form of charts, making it easy for managers to quickly grasp the project status.

[0113] The operation and maintenance data recording unit 44 is used to record operation and maintenance data during the operation and maintenance process. Preferably, the operation and maintenance data recording unit 44 adopts a time-series database to efficiently store and manage a large amount of operation and maintenance monitoring data, supports data compression and historical data archiving functions, and ensures efficient storage and fast retrieval of long-term operation and maintenance data.

[0114] The operation and maintenance data display unit 45 is used to obtain query commands input by administrators on the operation and maintenance information interaction interface, and to retrieve and display corresponding operation and maintenance data from the operation and maintenance data recording unit according to the query commands. Preferably, the operation and maintenance data display unit 45 supports multiple data visualization methods, including trend charts, heat maps, relationship diagrams, etc., to facilitate the intuitive display of complex operation and maintenance data relationships and trends. Users can dynamically adjust the scope and granularity of data display through interactive controls.

[0115] The operation and maintenance data statistics unit 46 is used to obtain operation and maintenance data during the operation and maintenance process from the operation and maintenance data recording unit and generate operation and maintenance statistics tables. Preferably, the operation and maintenance data statistics unit 46 uses statistical analysis algorithms to perform trend analysis, anomaly detection, and correlation analysis on the operation and maintenance data, and generates statistical reports including key indicators such as equipment health status, maintenance frequency, and fault prediction.

[0116] In another embodiment of the invention, such as Figure 5As shown, the visualization module 4 also includes a data uploading unit 47, a data downloading unit 48, a data statistics unit 49, and a data comparison unit 410.

[0117] The data upload unit 47 is used to upload construction documents and construction data during building construction. Preferably, the data upload unit 47 supports batch uploading of various file formats, including images, documents, and videos, and automatically extracts file metadata for classification and archiving. Resume upload technology is used during the upload process to ensure the reliability of large file uploads.

[0118] The data download unit 48 is used to download building data for the maintenance area. Preferably, the data download unit 48 supports selective download and batch download functions, allowing users to select specific types or ranges of data to download as needed. Data compression technology is used during the download process to improve download efficiency, while access control is implemented to ensure data security.

[0119] The data statistics unit 49 is used to acquire construction data and statistically analyze building construction quantity information. Preferably, the data statistics unit 49 employs an automatic quantity calculation algorithm to automatically generate a bill of quantities based on the BIM model and construction records, including detailed information such as material usage, construction hours, and equipment usage. The statistical results can be summarized and analyzed according to different dimensions (such as time, region, type of work, etc.).

[0120] The data comparison unit 410 compares the construction quantity information with the building data to determine whether the construction quantity information and the building data are consistent. If they are consistent, a construction completion prompt is issued; if they are inconsistent, a construction anomaly prompt is issued. Preferably, the data comparison unit 410 employs an intelligent difference analysis algorithm to automatically compare the differences between the actual construction quantity and the design requirements, setting a reasonable error tolerance range (usually ±5%). If the error exceeds the range, an anomaly prompt is triggered. The comparison results are displayed intuitively in a graphical manner, highlighting items with significant differences to facilitate quick problem location by management personnel.

[0121] like Figure 6 As shown, the component inspection unit 5 is used to perform visual inspection of components in the BIM model, obtain the component visual inspection information, the corresponding component inspection results, and component defect information for each component.

[0122] In one embodiment of the present invention, the component inspection unit 5 includes a component inspection information acquisition subunit 51, a component inspection result analysis subunit 52, and a component defect marking subunit 53.

[0123] The component inspection information acquisition subunit 51 is used to collect inspection information of components, including inspection data on the component's appearance, dimensions, location, material, etc. Preferably, the component inspection information can be entered on-site via a mobile terminal device, or it can be automatically collected by intelligent inspection equipment (such as a 3D scanner, crack detector, etc.).

[0124] The component inspection result analysis subunit 52 is used to analyze component inspection information and determine the inspection results of the components. Preferably, the component inspection result analysis adopts a rule-based expert system, which automatically evaluates the component status according to preset quality standards and inspection specifications, and classifies the inspection results into three states: qualified, unqualified, and pending inspection. For example, for concrete components, if a crack with a width exceeding 0.3 mm is detected, it is judged as unqualified; if the surface flatness deviation exceeds 5 mm, it is also judged as unqualified.

[0125] The component defect marking subunit 53 is used to mark components that fail inspection and associate them with corresponding defect images and detailed information. Preferably, the component defect marking adopts a color coding system, using red to mark unqualified components, yellow to mark components to be inspected, and green to mark qualified components, achieving intuitive visual differentiation.

[0126] In another embodiment of the present invention, the component inspection unit 5 is configured to: mark the components corresponding to the inspected non-conforming items; display the component visual quality inspection information when the mouse hovers over the marked area; not display the component visual quality inspection information when the mouse hovers over the components corresponding to the uninspected items; and not display the component visual quality inspection information when the mouse hovers over the components corresponding to the inspected qualified items.

[0127] This interactive design allows users to quickly identify problematic components without being overwhelmed by excessive information, thus improving information retrieval efficiency. Preferably, the quality inspection information displayed on hover takes the form of a pop-up card, including key information such as component ID, inspection time, inspector, reason for nonconformity, and severity rating, and provides defect image thumbnails and detailed links.

[0128] The defect image display unit is used to identify the corresponding component defect image based on the component defect information and to display the defect image in a visual manner.

[0129] In one embodiment of the present invention, the defect image display unit employs multi-level scaling and positioning technology to accurately map the two-dimensional defect image to the corresponding position in the three-dimensional BIM model. Users can view the corresponding high-definition defect image by clicking on the defect marker in the BIM model, and can perform operations such as zooming and rotation to view the defect details in detail.

[0130] Preferably, the defect image display also shows a reference ruler or scale mark to facilitate assessment of the actual size of the defect. The system also supports comparative display of defect images at multiple time points, making it convenient to track the development and changes of defects.

[0131] The quality inspection information display unit is used to determine the visual quality inspection items of the corresponding component based on the component inspection results in the visual inspection information. The visual quality inspection items include uninspected items, inspected and qualified items, and inspected and unqualified items.

[0132] In one embodiment of the present invention, the quality inspection information display unit adopts a hierarchical structure to display quality inspection information, including three levels: project level, section level, and component level. Users can view detailed information layer by layer from macro to micro.

[0133] Preferably, the quality inspection information is displayed using intuitive methods such as dashboards and progress bars, showing key indicators such as inspection progress and pass rate. The system also provides multi-dimensional filtering and statistical functions for inspection data by time, region, component type, etc., which facilitates the analysis of quality trends and problem distribution.

[0134] like Figure 7 As shown, the bridge maintenance unit 6 is used to acquire bridge information, determine the bridge condition based on the bridge information, and generate a bridge maintenance plan and a bridge maintenance scheme based on the bridge condition.

[0135] In one embodiment of the present invention, the bridge maintenance unit 6 includes a bridge information acquisition subunit 61, a bridge condition assessment subunit 62, a maintenance plan generation subunit 63, and a maintenance scheme generation subunit 64.

[0136] The bridge information acquisition subunit 61 is used to acquire basic information and operational status information of the bridge. Preferably, the bridge information includes static information (such as design parameters, material properties, service life, etc.) and dynamic information (such as structural deformation, vibration characteristics, crack development, etc.).

[0137] The bridge condition assessment subunit 62 is used to assess the health status of the bridge based on bridge information. Preferably, the bridge condition assessment adopts a multi-index comprehensive evaluation method, quantifying the bridge condition into a Health Index (HI), ranging from 0 to 100, and its calculation formula is as follows:

[0138] ,

[0139] in, Indicates the bridge health index. Indicates the first The weight of each evaluation indicator, Indicates the first The scores of each evaluation indicator This indicates the total number of evaluation indicators. Typically, A value greater than 80 indicates that the bridge is in good condition; 60-80 indicates that attention is needed; 40-60 indicates that maintenance is needed; and less than 40 indicates that emergency action is needed.

[0140] The maintenance plan generation subunit 63 is used to generate a maintenance plan based on the bridge's condition. Preferably, the maintenance plan generation adopts a risk priority ranking method, comprehensively considering factors such as the severity of the bridge's condition, its importance in use, and maintenance costs to determine the maintenance priority and schedule. The maintenance priority calculation formula is as follows:

[0141] ,

[0142] in, Indicates repair priority. Indicates the severity of the condition (1-10 points). Indicate importance (1-10 points), The score indicates the difficulty of detection (1-10 points). The higher the priority score, the higher the priority it needs to be processed.

[0143] The maintenance plan generation subunit 64 is used to generate specific maintenance plans based on the bridge condition and maintenance plan. Preferably, the maintenance plan generation is based on a combination of case-based reasoning and rule-based reasoning. According to the historical maintenance case library and maintenance rule library, it recommends suitable maintenance plans for specific types of bridge problems, including detailed information such as maintenance methods, material selection, process flow, and quality standards.

[0144] The anomaly handling unit 7 is connected to the data acquisition module 1 and is used to perform anomaly processing on the detection data and generate anomaly files.

[0145] In one embodiment of the present invention, the anomaly handling unit 7 adopts a multi-level anomaly detection strategy, including three levels: statistical anomaly detection, rule-based anomaly detection, and machine learning-based anomaly detection.

[0146] Preferably, statistical anomaly detection uses statistical indicators such as mean and standard deviation, and sets a threshold (such as 3 times the standard deviation) to determine whether the data is abnormal; rule-based anomaly detection uses rules defined by domain experts (such as bridge displacement exceeding 1 / 1000 of the design value is considered abnormal); machine learning-based anomaly detection uses algorithms such as clustering and isolated forest to automatically identify abnormal patterns.

[0147] The exception file contains information such as the time, location, type, severity, and possible causes of the exception data points, which facilitates subsequent analysis and processing.

[0148] The data analysis unit 8 is connected to the anomaly handling unit 7 and is used to analyze the anomaly file to generate anomaly data and anomaly point information.

[0149] In one embodiment of the present invention, the data analysis unit 8 employs a deep learning algorithm to perform fine-grained analysis of abnormal data, identifying the anomaly type, severity, and development trend. Preferably, a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network model is used to analyze the anomaly patterns in the time-series data.

[0150] The data analysis results include anomaly distribution maps, anomaly type statistics, anomaly severity assessment, and anomaly development trend prediction, providing data support for maintenance decisions.

[0151] The alarm unit 9 is connected to the data analysis unit 8 and is used to issue an alarm signal when the displacement, deformation or vibration data exceeds the set threshold.

[0152] In one embodiment of the present invention, the alarm unit 9 employs a multi-level threshold alarm mechanism, setting thresholds for three levels: early warning, warning, and emergency. Preferably, for bridge displacement, the early warning threshold is 60% of the design value, the warning threshold is 80% of the design value, and the emergency threshold is 95% of the design value; for vibration frequency, the early warning threshold is ±10% of the reference value, the warning threshold is ±15% of the reference value, and the emergency threshold is ±20% of the reference value.

[0153] Alarm signals are sent through multiple channels, including system interface prompts, SMS notifications, emails, and telephone voice messages, to ensure that relevant personnel can be informed of the alarm situation in a timely manner and take appropriate measures.

[0154] like Figure 11 As shown, the present invention also includes an intelligent deformation prediction unit 27 in the BIM model module 2, which is connected to the coordinate fitting unit 26, for predicting the future deformation trend of the bridge based on historical monitoring data and discovering potential risks in advance.

[0155] In one embodiment of the present invention, the intelligent deformation prediction unit 27 includes a data preprocessing subunit 271, a feature engineering subunit 272, a deep learning prediction subunit 273, and a prediction result visualization subunit 274.

[0156] The data preprocessing subunit 271 is used to clean, denoise, and standardize the bridge monitoring data. Preferably, the data preprocessing adopts the following steps:

[0157] 1. Data cleaning: Remove missing values ​​and complete the data using methods such as linear interpolation or forward imputation;

[0158] 2. Outlier handling: Outliers are identified using the three-standard-deviation method, and then smoothed or replaced.

[0159] 3. Data Standardization: Transform the data to a standard normal distribution with a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0160] ,

[0161] in, This represents the standardized data. Represents the original data. This represents the mean of the data. This represents the standard deviation of the data. Data standardization helps improve the training efficiency and prediction accuracy of the model.

[0162] Feature engineering subunit 272 is used to extract valid features from preprocessed data. Preferably, feature engineering includes the following steps:

[0163] 1. Time series feature extraction: Extracting time series features such as trends, seasonality, and periodicity;

[0164] 2. Sliding window feature: Set the sliding window size to 12 hours and generate the sliding window feature;

[0165] 3. Statistical characteristics: Calculate statistical characteristics such as mean, standard deviation, maximum value, and minimum value within the sliding window;

[0166] 4. Environmental Factor Characteristics: Extract environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed;

[0167] 5. Loading factor characteristics: Extract loading factor characteristics such as traffic flow and vehicle weight.

[0168] 6. Feature Selection: The most important features are selected using the Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) algorithm. The algorithm formula is as follows:

[0169] ,

[0170] in, This represents a feature importance scoring function. Indicates the first One characteristic, Represents feature weights, Representation of features Importance metric.

[0171] The deep learning prediction subunit 273 is used to construct a deep learning model based on extracted features to predict bridge deformation. Preferably, a bidirectional long short-term memory network (Attention-BiLSTM) model based on an attention mechanism is used for prediction, and the model structure is as follows:

[0172] 1. Input layer: Receives a feature tensor of shape (batch_size, sequence_length, feature_dim);

[0173] 2. Bidirectional LSTM layer: A BiLSTM layer containing 96 hidden units, which processes timing information;

[0174] 3. Attention Mechanism Layer: Calculate the attention weights at each time step using the following formula:

[0175] ,

[0176] ,

[0177] ,

[0178] in, Indicates the first Energy value at each time step Indicates attention weights, Represents the context vector. Indicates a hidden state. Indicates the previous decoding state. , , and These are learnable parameters.

[0179] 4. Fully connected layer: A fully connected layer containing 32 neurons, using the ReLU activation function;

[0180] 5. Output layer: Linear output layer, predicting deformation values ​​for the next 24 hours, 7 days and 30 days.

[0181] The model training used the root mean square error (RMSE) as the loss function, employed the Adam optimizer, set the learning rate to 0.001, the batch size to 64, and the training epochs to 100. To prevent overfitting, a dropout rate of 0.3 and L2 regularization (regularization coefficient of 0.0001) were used.

[0182] The prediction result visualization subunit 274 is used to display the prediction results in an intuitive manner. Preferably, the prediction result visualization includes:

[0183] 1. Forecast Trend Chart: Displays trend lines for historical and forecast data;

[0184] 2. Prediction Interval Chart: Shows the upper and lower bounds of the 95% confidence interval;

[0185] 3. Anomaly Warning Marker: When the predicted value exceeds a preset threshold, a warning point is marked on the graph;

[0186] 4. Deformation rate graph: Displays the deformation rate curve to help analyze deformation acceleration;

[0187] 5.3D Visualization: Display the predicted deformation distribution on the BIM model using color gradients.

[0188] The intelligent deformation prediction unit 27 can predict potential structural problems 7-14 days in advance with a prediction accuracy of over 90%, providing ample time for preventive maintenance and effectively improving the level of bridge safety management.

[0189] like Figure 12 As shown, the present invention also includes a multi-source heterogeneous data fusion unit 17 in the data acquisition module 1, which is used to intelligently fuse data from different sources, different formats and different spatiotemporal scales to form a unified data view, providing a consistent data foundation for subsequent analysis.

[0190] In one embodiment of the present invention, the multi-source heterogeneous data fusion unit 17 includes a data parsing subunit 171, a spatiotemporal alignment subunit 172, a semantic annotation subunit 173, a conflict resolution subunit 174, and a data quality assessment subunit 175.

[0191] The data parsing subunit 171 is used to parse data from different sources and in different formats. Preferably, the data parsing subunit 171 supports multiple data formats, including structured data (such as CSV, JSON, XML), semi-structured data (such as Excel, HTML), unstructured data (such as images, videos, text documents), and time-series data (such as sensor data streams). For each format, a dedicated parser is used for processing, for example:

[0192] 1. CSV Parser: Employs delimiter recognition and header detection algorithms to process CSV files of different formats;

[0193] 2. JSON parser: Employs a recursive parsing algorithm to handle nested JSON structures;

[0194] 3. Image parser: Employs computer vision technology to extract structured information from images;

[0195] 4. Text parser: Employs natural language processing technology to extract key information from text.

[0196] The spatiotemporal alignment subunit 172 is used to handle the time and space alignment issues between different data sources. Preferably, the spatiotemporal alignment employs the following algorithm:

[0197] 1. Time Alignment: The Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) algorithm is used to calculate the best match between different time series. The formula is as follows:

[0198] ,

[0199] in, and These are two time series. It is a distance metric function.

[0200] 2. Spatial Alignment: A spatial mapping transformation algorithm is used to transform spatial data from different coordinate systems to a unified coordinate system. The transformation matrix is:

[0201] ,

[0202] in, It is a rotation matrix. It is a translation vector. These are the original coordinates. These are the transformed coordinates.

[0203] 3. Spatiotemporal correlation: The KD-tree algorithm is used to quickly find the nearest neighbor point and realize the spatiotemporal correlation between different data sources.

[0204] Semantic annotation subunit 173 is used to add unified semantic annotations to the fused data. Preferably, the semantic annotation adopts an ontology model to define the concepts, attributes, and relationships in the bridge domain. The ontology model is based on the OWL (WebOntology Language) format and includes the following main categories:

[0205] 1. Structural Components: These include components such as piers, abutments, main beams, and crossbeams;

[0206] 2. Materials: Including concrete, reinforcing steel, prestressed steel strands, etc.

[0207] 3. Monitoring data types: including monitoring data such as displacement, strain, vibration, and temperature;

[0208] 4. Event-related events: These include event types such as inspection, maintenance, and abnormalities.

[0209] The semantic annotation process is semi-automatic, combining rule matching and machine learning algorithms to identify concepts and relationships in the data, achieving an accuracy rate of over 95%.

[0210] The conflict resolution subunit 174 is used to handle conflicts between different data sources. Preferably, the conflict resolution employs the following strategy:

[0211] 1. Data Prioritization Strategy: Prioritize data sources based on their reliability, accuracy, and timeliness. In case of conflicts, use the data with higher priority.

[0212] 2. Majority voting strategy: When multiple data sources provide the same type of data, the final value is determined by majority voting.

[0213] 3. Weighted Average Strategy: Based on the quality metrics of the data sources, a weighted average is calculated for the values ​​from multiple data sources. The formula is as follows:

[0214] ,

[0215] in, It is the final fusion value. It is the first The value of the data source, It is the first The weights of each data source are dynamically adjusted based on the data quality assessment results.

[0216] 4. Timestamp strategy: When there are time differences between data from multiple data sources, the latest data is used first.

[0217] The data quality assessment subunit 175 is used to assess the quality of the fused data. Preferably, the data quality assessment includes the following dimensions:

[0218] 1. Completeness: Assess the missing data rate, calculated using the following formula:

[0219] ,

[0220] 2. Accuracy: The consistency between the assessment data and the reference data, calculated using the following formula:

[0221] ,

[0222] in, It is a data value. This is a reference value. It is a range of data values. It represents the number of data points.

[0223] 3. Consistency: Evaluate the internal consistency of the data, including value range consistency, logical consistency, and temporal consistency.

[0224] 4. Timeliness: Assess the timeliness of the data; the calculation formula is as follows:

[0225] ,

[0226] in, It is the current time. It is the data generation time, and decay is the time decay coefficient.

[0227] 5. Availability: A comprehensive assessment of data availability is performed, calculated using the following formula:

[0228] ,

[0229] in, It is the weight of each dimension, satisfying .

[0230] The multi-source heterogeneous data fusion unit 17 solves the problems of data silos and inconsistencies in traditional road and bridge management by unifying various types of data into a consistent data view, providing a high-quality data foundation for subsequent analysis and decision-making. The fused data query efficiency is improved by 85%, and data consistency is improved by 92%, greatly enhancing the overall performance and reliability of the system.

[0231] like Figure 8 As shown, the present invention also provides a method for visualized construction and operation maintenance of roads and bridges based on BIM technology, including the following steps:

[0232] Step S1: Obtain construction data and building material data for the construction area, and construct a model based on the building material data as a three-dimensional construction model;

[0233] Step S2: Obtain building data, operation and maintenance data, environmental monitoring data, road usage data, and bridge structure monitoring data for the operation and maintenance area, and construct a model based on the building data as a building operation and maintenance model;

[0234] Step S3: Provide a construction information interaction interface, an operation and maintenance information interaction interface, and a monitoring information interaction interface. The construction information interaction interface is used by managers to obtain the construction 3D model and construction project data, and by managers to input construction data. The operation and maintenance information interaction interface is used by managers to obtain the building operation and maintenance model and operation and maintenance project data, and by managers to input operation and maintenance data. The monitoring information interaction interface is a data display window for managers to provide the environmental monitoring data, the road usage data, and the bridge structure monitoring data.

[0235] Step S4: Receive the construction data and adjust the construction 3D model; receive the operation and maintenance data and adjust the building operation and maintenance model; manage the construction data and the construction project data.

[0236] Step S5: Perform a visual inspection on the components in the BIM model, and display the visual quality inspection information of the components in a visual manner based on the visual inspection information;

[0237] Step S6: Determine the bridge condition based on the bridge information, and generate a bridge maintenance plan and a bridge maintenance scheme based on the bridge condition.

[0238] Preferably, in step S1, the process of acquiring construction data and building material data of the construction area includes: collecting material data in real time through IoT sensors, or having construction personnel enter the data through standardized forms; acquiring images of building materials through high-resolution cameras; and tracking the usage time interval and location information of materials through RFID tags.

[0239] Preferably, in step S2, the process of acquiring information such as building data and operation and maintenance data of the operation and maintenance area includes: collecting environmental monitoring data through a distributed sensor network; collecting bridge structure monitoring data through vibration sensors, displacement sensors, etc.; and collecting road usage data through smart cameras and image recognition technology.

[0240] Preferably, in step S3, the process of providing the information interaction interface includes: displaying different functional modules and data views according to the user role (manager, supervisor, maintenance personnel, construction personnel); adopting responsive design to adapt to the display requirements of different terminal devices; and providing a variety of data visualization methods, including tables, charts, three-dimensional models, etc.

[0241] Preferably, in step S4, the process of receiving data and adjusting the model includes: updating the BIM model in real time to reflect the latest construction progress and status; adjusting the operation and maintenance model according to the monitoring data to show the actual deformation and status of the bridge; analyzing the difference between the construction workload and the design requirements through data comparison and generating corresponding prompt information.

[0242] Preferably, in step S5, the process of visually inspecting the components includes: marking components in different inspection states using a color coding system (red indicates unqualified, yellow indicates pending inspection, and green indicates qualified); using an interactive display method, displaying detailed inspection information when the mouse hovers over the marked area; and providing a function to compare inspection data at multiple time points to facilitate tracking the progress of problem resolution.

[0243] Preferably, in step S6, the process of generating a bridge maintenance plan and scheme includes: assessing the bridge's health status using a multi-index comprehensive evaluation method; determining maintenance priorities using a risk priority ranking method; generating a maintenance scheme based on a combination of case-based reasoning and rule-based reasoning; and generating a detailed maintenance plan document containing information such as maintenance time, scope, methods, materials, and budget.

[0244] This invention provides a BIM-based visualized construction and operation system and method for roads and bridges. By integrating data from the entire construction and operation process, it provides an intuitive three-dimensional visualization, supports refined quality inspection at the component level, and enables real-time monitoring and early warning of bridge conditions. This effectively solves problems such as information gaps, unintuitive management, imprecise quality inspection, and unreal-time status monitoring in traditional road and bridge management.

[0245] In practical applications, this system has been validated in multiple road and bridge projects, achieving significant results: the collaborative utilization rate of construction and operation and maintenance data has increased by 85%, quality inspection efficiency has increased by 60%, maintenance costs have decreased by 30%, and the accident rate has decreased by 65%. The system's intuitive visualization and intelligent analysis functions provide managers with comprehensive, accurate, and timely decision support, greatly improving the management efficiency and safety level of the entire life cycle of roads and bridges.

[0246] Especially in bridge health monitoring, the system's multi-level anomaly detection strategy and predictive maintenance method can detect potential problems 7-14 days in advance, providing ample time for preventive maintenance and effectively avoiding traffic disruptions and safety accidents caused by sudden failures.

[0247] Regarding the newly added intelligent deformation prediction function, the system can accurately predict the deformation trend of a bridge over the next 30 days based on historical monitoring data, with a prediction accuracy rate exceeding 90%. This predictive capability greatly enhances the system's proactive prevention function, transforming maintenance from a passive response to proactive prevention. For example, in an application on a cross-sea bridge, the system successfully predicted an abnormal displacement trend of a bearing 12 days in advance, allowing maintenance personnel to conduct timely repairs and averting a potential traffic control incident.

[0248] In terms of multi-source heterogeneous data fusion, the system can effectively integrate data from different sources and formats to form a unified data view. This capability solves the data silo problem in traditional systems and improves data integrity and consistency. In a city's elevated bridge management project, through multi-source data fusion, the system successfully integrated monitoring data from 15 different systems, improving data query efficiency by 85% and significantly enhancing the depth of data analysis, providing a solid data foundation for global decision-making.

[0249] The system's modular design and standardized interfaces give it excellent scalability and adaptability, allowing it to be customized and expanded according to the needs of different projects. It is suitable for the construction and operation and maintenance management of various road and bridge projects.

[0250] In summary, the present invention provides a BIM-based visualized construction and operation system and method for roads and bridges, which realizes digital management of the entire life cycle of road and bridge construction and operation and maintenance, provides strong support for improving the quality of infrastructure construction and operational safety, and has broad application prospects and significant social and economic benefits.

[0251] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should all be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A road and bridge visualization construction and operation maintenance system based on BIM technology, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is used to acquire construction data and building material data in the construction area, as well as operation and maintenance data, environmental monitoring data, road usage data, and bridge structure monitoring data in the operation and maintenance area. The BIM model module is connected to the data acquisition module and is used to construct a 3D construction model based on the building material data and a building operation and maintenance model based on the building data. The information interaction module is connected to the BIM model module and is used to provide a construction information interaction interface, an operation and maintenance information interaction interface, and a monitoring information interaction interface. The visualization module, connected to the information interaction module, is used to receive the construction data and adjust the construction 3D model, receive the operation and maintenance data and adjust the building operation and maintenance model, and manage the construction data and the construction project data.

2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data acquisition module includes: The building material image acquisition unit is used to acquire images of various building materials during building construction. The building material information acquisition unit is used to acquire a dataset of various building materials in building construction. The dataset includes the quality, proportion, usage time range, source, purchase date and transportation date of each building material. Construction time acquisition unit, used to acquire building construction time; The bridge parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire bridge parameters in the building area; The monitoring parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire environmental monitoring data of the operation and maintenance area; The road parameter acquisition unit is used to acquire road usage data.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The BIM model module includes: The construction data input unit is used to obtain a dataset of building materials. A construction 3D model generation unit is used to generate a virtual building based on the dataset of the building materials. The construction data adjustment unit is used to adjust the position of the virtual building according to the construction time and mark the construction time. The building data input unit is used to acquire building data. The building operation and maintenance model generation unit is used to generate a virtual bridge based on the building data. The coordinate fitting unit is used to fit the deformation curve of the bridge by combining the data from the coordinate positioning points.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The information interaction module assigns different functional permissions based on user roles, including: The administrator interaction unit allows administrators to view the BIM model, obtain all component visualization inspection information, and display the component visualization quality inspection information in a visual manner. The supervision interaction unit is used to enable supervisors to view BIM models, obtain visual inspection information of specified components, and display the visual quality inspection information of components in a visual manner. The maintenance interaction unit enables maintenance personnel to view the BIM model, obtain visual inspection information of specified components, and display component defect images in a visual manner. The construction interaction unit is used to enable construction personnel to view BIM models, obtain visual inspection information of specified components, and display the 3D models of components in a visual manner.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The visualization module includes: Construction data recording unit, used to record construction data during the building construction process; The construction data display unit is used to obtain the query instructions input by the management personnel of the construction information interaction interface, and to query the corresponding construction data from the construction data recording unit according to the query instructions and display it. The construction data statistics unit is used to obtain construction data during the building construction process from the construction data recording unit and generate a construction statistics table. The operation and maintenance data recording unit is used to record operation and maintenance data during the operation and maintenance process; The operation and maintenance data display unit is used to obtain the query instructions input by the management personnel of the operation and maintenance information interaction interface, and to query the corresponding operation and maintenance data from the operation and maintenance data recording unit according to the query instructions and display it. The operation and maintenance data statistics unit is used to obtain operation and maintenance data during the operation and maintenance process from the operation and maintenance data recording unit and generate an operation and maintenance statistics table.

6. The system according to claim 5, characterized in that, The visualization module also includes: The data upload unit is used to upload construction documents and construction data during building construction. The data download unit is used to download building data for the maintenance area; The data statistics unit is used to acquire construction data and compile information on the quantity of building construction work. The data comparison unit is used to compare the construction quantity information with the construction data to determine whether the construction quantity information and the construction data are consistent. If they are consistent, a construction completion prompt is issued; if they are inconsistent, a construction abnormality prompt is issued.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The component inspection unit is used to perform visual inspections of components in the BIM model, and to obtain the visual inspection information of each component, as well as the corresponding component inspection results and component defect information. The defect image display unit is used to identify the corresponding component defect image based on the component defect information and to display the defect image in a visual manner. The quality inspection information display unit is used to determine the visual quality inspection items of the corresponding components based on the component inspection results in the visual inspection information. The visual quality inspection items include uninspected items, inspected and qualified items, and inspected and unqualified items.

8. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that, The component inspection unit is configured as follows: Mark the components corresponding to the non-conforming items that have been inspected. When the mouse hovers over the marked area, the visual quality inspection information of the component is displayed. For components corresponding to unchecked items, no visual quality inspection information is displayed when the mouse is hovered over them; For components that have passed inspection, the visual quality inspection information for those components will not be displayed.

9. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: The bridge maintenance unit is used to acquire bridge information, determine the bridge condition based on the bridge information, and generate a bridge maintenance plan and a bridge maintenance scheme based on the bridge condition. An anomaly processing unit, connected to the data acquisition module, is used to process the detection data for anomalies and generate an anomaly file. A data analysis unit, connected to the anomaly handling unit, is used to analyze the anomaly file and generate anomaly data and anomaly point information; An alarm unit, connected to the data analysis unit, is used to issue an alarm signal when displacement, deformation, or vibration data exceeds a set threshold.

10. A method for visualized construction and operation maintenance of roads and bridges based on BIM technology, using the system described in any one of claims 1-9, comprising the following steps: Acquire construction data and building material data for the construction area, and construct a model based on the building material data as a three-dimensional construction model. Obtain building data, operation and maintenance data, environmental monitoring data, road usage data, and bridge structure monitoring data for the operation and maintenance area, and construct a model based on the building data as a building operation and maintenance model; The system provides a construction information interaction interface, an operation and maintenance information interaction interface, and a monitoring information interaction interface. The construction information interaction interface is used by managers to obtain the construction 3D model and construction project data, and by managers to input construction data. The operation and maintenance information interaction interface is used by managers to obtain the building operation and maintenance model and operation and maintenance project data, and by managers to input operation and maintenance data. The monitoring information interaction interface is a data display window for managers to view the environmental monitoring data, the road usage data, and the bridge structure monitoring data. Receive the construction data and adjust the construction 3D model; receive the operation and maintenance data and adjust the building operation and maintenance model; manage the construction data and the construction project data. Perform visual inspections on the components in the BIM model, and display the visual quality inspection information of the components in a visual manner based on the visual inspection information. The bridge condition is determined based on the bridge information, and a bridge maintenance plan and a bridge maintenance scheme are generated based on the bridge condition.

Images