Aircraft flight data loading method and unloading method based on 5G wireless transmission

Abstract

The invention provides an aircraft flight data loading method and unloading method based on 5G wireless transmission, and the loading method comprises the following steps: completing the route planning through a ground task computer, and transmitting the data to a data receiving and transmitting server; the data transceiving server transmits the data to the 5G base station in the form of radio frequency signals; when the aircraft is in a takeoff taxiing stage, the airborne 5G wireless transmission equipment is powered on, and the 5G base station sends an electromagnetic wave signal to the aircraft; and the airborne equipment converts the received electromagnetic waves and completes loading operation. Compared with the prior art, at least one technical scheme adopted by the invention at least has the beneficial effects of shortening the ground preparation time and the later maintenance time, unifying flight data loading / unloading interfaces, reducing the number of ground support equipment and the workload of ground support personnel, and improving the working efficiency of ground maintenance.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of aviation technology, in particular to a kind of aircraft flight data loading method and unloading method based on 5G wireless transmission. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the loading and unloading of aircraft flight data in China is mainly carried out by using special equipment through wired transmission. With the continuous increase of equipment, the number and types of special loading and unloading equipment also increase, and the types of aircraft flight data loading and unloading interfaces are diverse, which eventually leads to an increasing workload before and after task execution and post-maintenance, consumes more human and material resources, and has low work efficiency. SUMMARY

[0003] Therefore, the present application provides a kind of aircraft flight data loading method and unloading method based on 5G wireless transmission to improve work efficiency.

[0004] The present application provides the following technical scheme: a kind of aircraft flight data loading method based on 5G wireless transmission, comprising the following steps: completing route planning by ground task computer, and sending data to data transceiver server;Data transceiver server sends data to 5G base station in the form of radio frequency signal;When the aircraft is in the take-off taxiing stage, the on-board 5G wireless transmission equipment is powered on, and the 5G base station sends electromagnetic wave signal to the aircraft;The on-board device converts the received electromagnetic wave and completes the loading operation.

[0005] Compared with the prior art, the above-mentioned at least one technical scheme of the present application can achieve the following beneficial effects: the mutual conversion between the various data on the aircraft and the radio frequency signal can be realized, the on-board 5G antenna and the ground 5G base station can be used for transceiving, the advantages of 5G communication technology such as wireless transmission, large connection, high bandwidth, low delay and wide frequency band can be fully utilized, the loading and unloading of a large amount of flight data can be completed during the take-off and descent of the aircraft, the ground preparation and post-maintenance time can be greatly shortened, the interface of flight data loading and unloading can be unified, the number of ground support equipment and the workload of ground support personnel can be reduced, and the work efficiency of ground maintenance can be improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0006] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly introduced as follows. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor.

[0007] Figure 1 is the principle block diagram of on-board data loading and unloading system; Figure 2This is a flowchart illustrating the data loading method; Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating the data unloading method. Detailed Implementation

[0008] The embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0009] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0010] like Figure 1 As shown, the airborne data loading and unloading system based on 5G wireless transmission in this embodiment includes two parts: a ground subsystem and an airborne subsystem. The functions and connections of each part are as follows. All equipment must meet the requirements of industrial-grade environmental adaptability (operating temperature: -40℃~60℃, protection level ≥IP54).

[0011] The ground subsystem includes a ground mission computer, a data transceiver server, and a 5G base station.

[0012] The ground mission computer is an industrial-grade control computer, equipped with a high-performance multi-core processor, ≥16GB of memory and ≥1TB of high-speed solid-state drive. It comes pre-installed with self-developed route planning and data management software, which supports waypoint editing, flight parameter configuration, data verification and storage management functions. It establishes a communication connection with the data transceiver server through an Ethernet interface (transmission rate ≥1000Mbps).

[0013] The data transceiver server adopts a high-performance server, integrating a multi-core processor and redundant storage array (supporting RAID 5 / 6), and has an RF signal transceiver module (supporting 5G FDD / TDD dual mode) and an Ethernet switching module. The RF interface connects to the 5G base station through a standard coaxial cable, and the Ethernet interface uses the TCP / IP protocol to achieve data interaction with the ground mission computer, supporting real-time data transmission and reception and caching.

[0014] The 5G base station adopts a base station that complies with the 5G communication standard. The operating frequency band can be selected from a dedicated frequency band suitable for airport scenarios (such as uplink 700-800MHz and downlink 750-850MHz). The duplex mode supports FDD, the channel bandwidth can be configured to 10-20MHz, the maximum transmission rate is ≥200Mbps, the transmission latency is ≤20ms, the transmit power is adjustable (range 30-45dBm), the receive sensitivity is ≤-95dBm, and the coverage radius is ≥3km, which meets the full signal coverage of the airport apron, taxiway and approach area.

[0015] The airborne subsystem includes airborne 5G wireless transmission equipment, data forwarding module, data parsing module, airborne 5G antenna, EFIS system, and airborne radio.

[0016] The airborne 5G wireless transmission equipment adopts an aviation-grade modular design, weighs ≤30kg, consumes ≤600W, and is powered by an aircraft secondary power supply (DC 24V or 115V AC). It integrates a data forwarding module and a data parsing module, and has self-testing, fault alarm and redundancy backup functions.

[0017] The core component of the data forwarding module uses a high-performance FPGA chip, which integrates a PCIe 3.0 or higher version hard core, supports multi-channel data transmission, has a transmission rate of ≥4GT / s, can realize bidirectional conversion between radio frequency signals and PCIe data, and has signal demodulation, decoding and encoding functions.

[0018] The data parsing module uses a high-performance DSP processor or a dedicated embedded processor, with pre-programmed airborne bus protocol parsing algorithms. It supports mainstream airborne bus protocols such as ARINC 429, CAN, and 1553B, and can realize bidirectional conversion between PCIe data and bus data, as well as discrete data. The discrete data level standard meets the general requirements of airborne equipment (such as TTL 5V or 28V).

[0019] The airborne 5G antenna adopts a low-profile aerospace-grade phased array antenna or omnidirectional antenna with a gain of ≥12dBi and a polarization of vertical or circular polarization. The installation location is selected in a stable electromagnetic environment area of ​​the fuselage (avoiding interference sources such as radar and communication equipment). It is connected to the airborne 5G wireless transmission equipment through a standard radio frequency interface (such as SMA or N-type), and the cable loss is ≤1dB / 10m.

[0020] The EFIS system (Electronic Flight Instrument System) adopts a conventional airborne electronic flight instrument system, which has data receiving, storage and verification functions. It can display loaded route data, navigation parameters and other information, and has built-in data integrity verification algorithms (such as CRC-32, MD5, etc.). It provides feedback on data verification results to the pilot through indicator lights or screen display.

[0021] The airborne radio uses an airborne VHF or HF radio, with the operating frequency band conforming to aviation communication standards. The communication distance is ≥10km, and it supports real-time voice communication between the pilot and ground staff to confirm the timing of data loading and unloading and status feedback.

[0022] This embodiment takes the loading of route data for an aircraft performing a cross-regional flight mission as an example. The loading process is performed during the aircraft's takeoff taxiing phase (taxiing speed 0-60km / h). During this phase, the aircraft is in a stable ground state, which facilitates the establishment of a stable 5G communication link. Figure 2 As shown, the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Ground-based data preparation and transmission Ground operators design routes using route planning software on the ground mission computer, inputting the geographical coordinates (latitude, longitude, and altitude) of the takeoff airport, destination airport, and intermediate navigation points, and configuring flight parameters such as cruising altitude, cruising speed, and alternate airports. The software automatically generates standardized data files (such as XML or binary format, with file size adjusted according to route complexity, generally 1-5MB) and performs data integrity verification through a built-in verification algorithm.

[0023] After successful verification, the ground mission computer sends the data file to the data transceiver server via Ethernet using a reliable transmission protocol (such as FTP or TCP). After receiving the data, the server stores it in a redundant storage array and sends a "data reception successful" confirmation signal back to the ground mission computer. If the transmission fails, a retransmission mechanism is automatically triggered.

[0024] Step 2: Data transmission between the data transceiver server and the 5G base station The RF transceiver module of the data transceiver server modulates the stored data files into RF signals conforming to the 5G communication protocol. The modulation method can be selected according to the transmission rate requirements, such as QPSK or 16QAM. The modulated RF signal is then transmitted to the 5G base station via a coaxial cable. After receiving the signal, the 5G base station amplifies, filters, and optimizes the signal before radiating it directionally into the coverage area in the form of electromagnetic waves, ensuring stable signal strength in the taxiway area.

[0025] Step 3: Powering on the airborne equipment and receiving signals As the aircraft taxis from its parking position to the designated taxiway (with a stable speed of 20–40 km / h), the pilot powers on the onboard 5G wireless transmission equipment via a dedicated switch on the cockpit control panel. After startup, the equipment automatically performs a self-test (self-test time ≤ 5 seconds). Upon successful self-test, the pilot receives a "equipment normal" signal via indicator light or the EFIS system. At this point, the onboard 5G antenna enters receiving mode, capturing electromagnetic wave signals radiated by the 5G base station (received signal strength ≥ -90 dBm) and converting these signals into radio frequency signals, which are then transmitted to the onboard 5G wireless transmission equipment via radio frequency cables.

[0026] Step 4: Onboard Data Processing and Loading The data forwarding module of the airborne 5G wireless transmission equipment activates the FPGA chip to demodulate, decode, and reduce noise in the received radio frequency signals, converting them into PCIe format data. This data is then transmitted to the data parsing module via the PCIe bus. The data parsing module calls a preset bus protocol parsing algorithm to convert the PCIe data into bus data (such as ARINC 429 bus data) and discrete data (such as data validity identifiers and loading progress signals) that can be recognized by various airborne devices. This data is then distributed to target devices such as the EFIS system, flight control computer, and navigation computer via the airborne bus network.

[0027] Step 5: Loading Confirmation and Power Off the Device After receiving the data, the EFIS system automatically performs a data integrity check. If the check passes, it displays a "Loading Complete, Data Valid" message on the screen. After the pilot confirms this message, they establish communication with ground staff via the onboard radio to report the loading completion status. After confirmation by ground staff, they instruct the pilot to shut down the onboard 5G wireless transmission equipment. The pilot then operates the power switch to turn off the equipment, the indicator light goes out, and the loading process ends. The entire process takes ≤15 seconds, meeting the requirement for rapid data loading before takeoff.

[0028] This embodiment takes the example of an aircraft returning to the airport after completing its flight mission and unloading the status data generated during the flight (including engine operating parameters, flight attitude parameters, navigation data, etc.). The unloading process is performed during the aircraft's descent phase (altitude ≤ 3000m, approach phase), during which the aircraft's flight status is stable and it is within the coverage area of ​​a 5G base station. Figure 3 As shown, the specific steps are as follows: Step 1: Unloading preparation and powering onboard equipment As the aircraft descends to approach altitude (e.g., 2000–3000m), the pilot communicates with ground personnel via the onboard radio to confirm that the ground receiving equipment (data transceiver server, ground mission computer) is ready. After the ground personnel confirm that the equipment is ready, the pilot operates the control panel switch to power on the onboard 5G wireless transmission equipment. After the equipment passes its self-test, it sends a "ready to unload" signal and simultaneously sends "data upload command" to each onboard data source device (engine controller, inertial navigation system, etc.).

[0029] Step 2: Airborne Data Acquisition and Processing After each airborne data source device responds to the command, it sends the stored flight data (in binary format, with the data size adjusted according to flight duration, typically 3–10 MB) to the data parsing module of the airborne 5G wireless transmission equipment via the airborne bus. The data parsing module aggregates and standardizes the multi-source data, converts it into PCIe format data, and transmits it to the data forwarding module via the PCIe bus.

[0030] Step 3: Onboard data is wirelessly transmitted to the 5G base station. The FPGA chip in the data forwarding module encodes and modulates the PCIe data, converting it into a radio frequency (RF) signal conforming to the 5G communication protocol. The modulation method can be either 16QAM or 64QAM to improve transmission efficiency. After power amplification, the RF signal is sent to the onboard 5G antenna, which converts the RF signal into an electromagnetic wave signal that radiates to the ground, enabling wireless transmission of onboard data.

[0031] Step 4: Ground-based data reception and forwarding After receiving the electromagnetic wave signals radiated by the airborne antenna, the 5G base station demodulates and filters them, converting them into radio frequency (RF) signals, which are then sent to the data transceiver server. The data transceiver server decodes the RF signals, restoring them to the original flight data files, and transmits them to the ground mission computer via Ethernet. The ground mission computer receives the data, stores it in its local database, performs data integrity verification, and sends a "reception successful" signal back to the data transceiver server upon successful verification.

[0032] Step 5: Uninstallation confirmation and device power-off After ground staff confirm the complete data reception via the ground mission computer, they inform the pilot via radio that "data unloading is complete." Upon receiving the instruction, the pilot operates a switch to shut down the onboard 5G wireless transmission equipment, completing the unloading process after the equipment is powered down. The unloading process takes ≤20 seconds, allowing all flight data to be retrieved before the aircraft lands.

[0033] This embodiment verifies the technical effectiveness through real-world scenario testing. Loading process test results show: data transmission latency ≤15ms, data transmission success rate 100%, no packet loss or data errors; unloading process test results show: data transmission latency ≤20ms, data integrity 100%, accurately reconstructing key parameters during flight. Compared to traditional wired data loading and unloading methods, this invention eliminates the need for physical cable connections after aircraft docking, improving loading efficiency by more than 30 times and unloading efficiency by more than 20 times. It also avoids close-range operations by ground personnel, significantly improving airport operational efficiency and safety.

[0034] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Therefore, any substitution of equivalent components or equivalent changes and modifications made within the scope of protection of this patent should still fall within the scope of this patent. Furthermore, the technical features, technical features and technical solutions, and technical solutions in this invention can be freely combined and used.

Claims

1. A method for loading aircraft flight data based on 5G wireless transmission, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The flight path is planned by the ground mission computer and the data is sent to the data transceiver server. The data transceiver server sends data to the 5G base station in the form of radio frequency signals; when the aircraft is in the takeoff taxiing phase, the onboard 5G wireless transmission equipment is powered on, and the 5G base station sends electromagnetic wave signals to the aircraft; the onboard equipment converts the received electromagnetic waves and completes the loading operation.

2. The method for loading aircraft flight data based on 5G wireless transmission according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the takeoff taxiing phase, the onboard 5G antenna receives electromagnetic wave signals from the 5G base station and converts them into radio frequency signals, which are then transmitted to the onboard 5G wireless transmission equipment.

3. The aircraft flight data loading method based on 5G wireless transmission according to claim 2, characterized in that, The FPGA in the data forwarding module inside the airborne 5G wireless transmission equipment processes the radio frequency signal into PCIe data, and then the data parsing module converts the PCIe data into bus data and discrete data that can be recognized by each airborne device.

4. The aircraft flight data loading method based on 5G wireless transmission according to claim 3, characterized in that, After EFIS confirmed that the information was correct, the pilot communicated with ground staff via radio to stop loading data and powered down the onboard 5G wireless transmission equipment to complete the data loading.

5. A method for offloading aircraft flight data based on 5G wireless transmission, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: During the descent, the pilot communicated with ground staff via radio to begin unloading data and powering onboard 5G wireless transmission equipment. The airborne 5G wireless transmission equipment sends data to the 5G base station via electromagnetic waves; the 5G base station then sends the data to the data transceiver server via radio frequency signals and completes the offloading operation.

6. The aircraft flight data offloading method based on 5G wireless transmission according to claim 5, characterized in that, The data parsing module in the airborne 5G wireless transmission equipment converts the bus data and discrete data of each airborne device into PCIe data.

7. The aircraft flight data offloading method based on 5G wireless transmission according to claim 6, characterized in that, The PCIe data is processed into radio frequency signals by the FPGA in the data forwarding module and sent to the airborne 5G antenna.

8. The aircraft flight data offloading method based on 5G wireless transmission according to claim 7, characterized in that, The 5G base station transmits data to the data transceiver server via radio frequency signals; the data transceiver server then transmits the data to the ground mission computer via Ethernet; after the ground mission computer completes the data unloading, ground personnel communicate with the pilot via radio to stop the data unloading, power off the onboard 5G wireless transmission equipment, and complete the data unloading operation.

Images