An intelligent irrigation dynamic regulation method and system based on multi-source data

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of intelligent irrigation dynamic regulation methods and systems based on multi-source data.The method comprises: calculating daily total water demand volume;Real-time acquisition of surface and main root layer soil volume water content by array sensor, and calculate the real-time infiltration gradient between them;Pulse irrigation process is executed by irrigation pulse and infiltration waiting pulse alternately, when the surface volume water content reaches the first preset threshold, stop water supply, when real-time infiltration gradient is lower than the second preset threshold, open the next water supply, until cumulative irrigation amount reaches daily total water demand volume or deep leakage is monitored to terminate.The system is used to execute the method.The application realizes the efficient delivery of water to deep soil by taking the soil internal infiltration gradient as the physical basis for pulse start-stop, solves the contradiction between surface runoff and deep root water shortage, and improves water use efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural irrigation technology, and more specifically, to an intelligent irrigation dynamic control method and system based on multi-source data for use on slopes and in complex geological environments. Background Technology

[0002] In irrigation practices for sloping orchards and other deep-rooted cash crops, a common technical challenge exists: due to gravity and differences in soil pore structure across different soil layers, the vertical infiltration rate of water within the soil is typically significantly lower than the outflow rate of irrigation equipment (such as drippers). Traditional irrigation control systems mostly employ relatively simple control logic, for example, setting a fixed surface soil moisture threshold to start and stop irrigation. When moisture sensors deployed on the soil surface detect that the volumetric moisture content has reached the preset value, the system stops supplying water.

[0003] This control logic can generally meet the needs of flat and homogeneous soil, but it reveals significant shortcomings in complex terrains such as slopes. Firstly, due to the physical delay in water infiltration, the volumetric water content of the topsoil quickly reaches saturation, while the water front has not yet reached the deep root zone (usually below 30 cm) required for crop growth. This leads to an ineffective irrigation situation of "wet on top, dry below," with the deep roots chronically deprived of water, hindering crop growth. Secondly, if irrigation time is artificially extended to meet the water needs of the deep roots, excess water accumulates on the already saturated topsoil. Due to the continuously increasing resistance to infiltration, it cannot be effectively absorbed by the soil, ultimately forming surface runoff on the slope. This surface runoff not only causes the ineffective loss of valuable water resources but also erodes nutrients in the topsoil, leading to soil erosion and decreased soil fertility.

[0004] Although existing evapotranspiration compensation models based on meteorological data exist, which can accurately calculate the total water requirement of crops within a specific time period, they primarily address the question of "how much to irrigate." They do not provide effective solutions for the question of "how to irrigate," particularly overcoming the physical barriers that hinder water transport through multiple soil layers. Therefore, how to coordinate the total irrigation volume with the irrigation process to achieve efficient water transport to deeper soil layers while preventing surface runoff is a pressing technical challenge in the field of precision irrigation for slopes. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide an intelligent irrigation dynamic control method and system based on multi-source data, which can overcome the contradiction between surface runoff and deep root water deficit caused by the slower infiltration rate of surface soil water than the water supply rate in traditional continuous irrigation modes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a method for intelligent irrigation dynamic control based on multi-source data, comprising:

[0007] Acquire meteorological data for the target irrigation area, and calculate the total daily water demand for the target irrigation area based on the meteorological data;

[0008] By deploying an array of soil moisture sensors in the target irrigation area, real-time data on soil volumetric water content at at least two different depths along the vertical depth direction are obtained, including the surface soil depth and the crop taproot layer depth.

[0009] Based on the soil volumetric water content data obtained at the depth of the surface soil and the depth of the main root layer of the crop, the real-time infiltration gradient between the surface soil and the main root layer soil is calculated.

[0010] Perform a pulsed irrigation process, which includes alternating irrigation pulses and infiltration waiting pulses;

[0011] During the execution of the irrigation pulse, the irrigation equipment is controlled to supply water to the target irrigation area; when the soil volume moisture content at the surface soil depth is detected to reach a first preset threshold, the currently executing irrigation pulse is stopped, and the infiltration waiting pulse is executed in turn.

[0012] During the execution of the infiltration waiting pulse, if the real-time infiltration gradient is detected to be lower than the second preset threshold, the currently executed infiltration waiting pulse is stopped, and the next irrigation pulse is triggered.

[0013] The alternation process of the irrigation pulse and the infiltration waiting pulse is repeated until the cumulative irrigation water volume reaches the total daily water requirement, or when a preset change in the volumetric moisture content of the deep soil below the main root system of the crop is detected, at which point the pulse irrigation process for the day is terminated.

[0014] Furthermore, the present invention also provides an intelligent irrigation dynamic control system based on multi-source data, comprising:

[0015] The data acquisition module is configured to acquire meteorological data of the target irrigation area and, through an array of soil moisture sensors deployed in the target irrigation area, acquire in real time soil volumetric water content data at at least two different depths along the vertical depth direction, wherein the at least two different depths include the surface soil depth and the crop main root layer depth.

[0016] The central processing module, electrically connected to the data acquisition module, is configured to: calculate the total daily water demand of the target irrigation area based on the meteorological data; calculate the real-time infiltration gradient between the surface soil and the main root layer soil based on the soil volumetric moisture content data; generate a sequence of control instructions for alternately executing irrigation pulses and infiltration waiting pulses; and determine the termination conditions of the irrigation process.

[0017] The irrigation control module is electrically connected to the central processing module and is configured to receive the control command sequence and drive the irrigation equipment to perform water supply or water stop operations.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0019] 1. This invention discretizes continuous irrigation tasks into an alternating sequence of multiple "irrigation pulses" and "infiltration waiting pulses," and uses the real-time monitored "infiltration gradient" within the soil as the physical basis for pulse start and stop, enabling the water replenishment rate to dynamically approximate the natural capillary conduction velocity of the soil pores. This "water supply-wait-resupply" mode provides sufficient buffer time for vertical water infiltration, fundamentally cutting off the conditions for surface runoff generation and significantly improving water use efficiency.

[0020] 2. Through a multi-depth vertical feedback closed loop, this invention can track the movement of water fronts in the soil profile in real time, ensuring that water can be steadily and continuously "push" towards the deep taproot zone before runoff occurs in the surface soil. This effectively solves the technical pain point of conventional irrigation methods being "insufficiently irrigated," significantly improves the volumetric water content of deep soil, and provides sufficient water for healthy crop growth.

[0021] 3. This invention uses the daily total water demand calculated based on meteorological data as the "total upper limit boundary" for irrigation, and simultaneously uses the monitoring of multi-depth soil moisture gradients and deep seepage as the "process boundary" for irrigation pulse timing control. This dual boundary constraint mechanism can prevent the system from uncontrolled deep water replenishment due to continuous soil drought, and can also precisely control the water transport process in the soil, avoiding surface runoff and ineffective deep seepage, making the entire irrigation process more efficient and safer.

[0022] 4. By effectively preventing surface runoff, this invention significantly reduces erosion of the soil surface, which is of great significance for protecting soil nutrients on slopes and maintaining the ecological balance of water and soil. This technical solution is particularly suitable for environments with harsh hydrological conditions, such as slopes and complex layered soils, and has strong application value in scenarios where traditional irrigation methods are difficult to effectively cover. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a structural block diagram of a dynamic pulse irrigation control system for deep-rooted crops provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a dynamic pulse irrigation regulation method for deep-rooted crops provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the changes in soil volumetric water content and infiltration gradient with pulsed irrigation in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the array-type soil moisture sensor deployed in a soil profile according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] In the diagram, 100: System; 101: Data acquisition module; 101A: Meteorological data acquisition terminal; 101B: Array-type soil moisture sensor group; 102: Central processing module; 102A: Water demand calculation unit; 102B: Gradient monitoring unit; 102C: Pulse sequence generation unit; 103: Irrigation control module; 103A: Solenoid valve; 301: Irrigation pulse; 302: Infiltration waiting pulse; 303: Topsoil volumetric water content θD1 curve; 304: Real-time infiltration gradient Δθ curve; 401: First soil moisture sensor; 402: Second soil moisture sensor; 403: Third soil moisture sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] Example 1

[0031] This embodiment provides a dynamic pulse irrigation control system for deep-rooted crops. (Refer to...) Figure 1 The hardware architecture of the system 100 mainly consists of three parts: a data acquisition module 101, a central processing module 102, and an irrigation control module 103.

[0032] The data acquisition module 101 is responsible for providing the system with all the environmental and soil condition data required for decision-making. In a specific application scenario, the data acquisition module 101 includes a meteorological data acquisition terminal 101A and an array of soil moisture sensors 101B. The meteorological data acquisition terminal 101A is typically deployed near the target irrigation area and integrates various meteorological sensors, such as a photometer for measuring net solar radiation, an anemometer, and air temperature and humidity sensors. These sensors can collect surface microclimate data, providing a basis for calculating crop evapotranspiration water requirements.

[0033] The array-type soil moisture sensor group 101B is the key hardware for realizing the core function of this invention. (Refer to...) Figure 4 This sensor array is typically encapsulated within a probe and deployed along a depth direction perpendicular to the ground surface. It includes at least three independent soil moisture sensors, each located at a different preset depth. In this embodiment, the sensors are positioned at a depth of the surface soil. The first soil moisture sensor 401 (e.g., 10 cm deep) primarily functions to monitor changes in the surface volumetric water content after irrigation water enters the soil, serving as the basis for triggering the cessation of irrigation pulses. It is positioned at the depth of the crop's main root layer. A second soil moisture sensor 402 (e.g., 30 cm deep) is used, along with the reading of the first soil moisture sensor 401, to calculate the infiltration gradient, reflecting the transport of water towards the main root layer. It is positioned at the depth of the crop's main root layer. The depth of the deeper soil below (i.e., at a greater depth) The third soil moisture sensor 403 (e.g., 50 cm) acts as a "sentinel" for deep seepage. A significant change in its volumetric water content indicates that a water front has penetrated the main root layer, potentially causing ineffective seepage. In a preferred implementation, these soil moisture sensors may employ a frequency domain reflectance type moisture sensor probe, which provides a more accurate reading of soil volumetric water content.

[0034] The central processing module 102, acting as the "brain" of the system, is electrically connected to the data acquisition module 101, receiving and processing various types of data collected by the module. In this embodiment, the central processing module 102 may embed an STM32 microprocessor based on the ARM Cortex-M4 core, which possesses sufficient computing power and abundant interface resources. The central processing module 102 reads meteorological data from the meteorological data acquisition terminal 101A and soil volumetric moisture content data at three depths from the array-type soil moisture sensor group 101B in real time via industrial bus protocols such as RS485.

[0035] To implement the above control logic, the central processing module 102 can be internally divided into three interconnected functional units:

[0036] Water demand calculation unit 102A is configured to receive meteorological data and run a specific crop water demand model to calculate the total daily water demand volume. .

[0037] The gradient monitoring unit 102B is configured to receive soil volumetric water content data from the array-type soil moisture sensor group 101B and calculate the real-time infiltration gradient between the topsoil and the main root zone soil. .

[0038] The pulse sequence generation unit 102C is the core of the control logic; it receives the real-time infiltration gradient from the gradient monitoring unit 102B. And combined with the preset first preset threshold Second preset threshold It dynamically generates a sequence of control commands. This sequence of commands is essentially a series of pulse width modulated signals with dynamically changing duty cycles.

[0039] The irrigation control module 103 is the system's execution terminal, electrically connected to the central processing module 102. This module mainly includes an irrigation network and actuators for controlling the network's on / off state. In this embodiment, the irrigation network can utilize drip irrigation tape with pressure compensation to ensure uniform water output from drippers at different locations on the slope. A two-position, two-way high-frequency solenoid valve 103A is connected in series at the drip irrigation tape's inlet end. This solenoid valve 103A is connected to the PWM output pin of the central processing module 102 via a relay or MOSFET drive circuit, enabling precise response to high and low level control commands issued by the central processing module 102, thereby achieving dynamic pulse-type cutting of the dripper water output, i.e., performing water supply or water stop operations.

[0040] In addition, to ensure stable system operation, this embodiment also includes a power supply module that provides a stable operating voltage for the controller, sensors, and solenoid valves, as well as a waterproof housing to protect internal components from harsh field environments. Optionally, the system can also be configured with a non-volatile storage module to record historical irrigation data and sensor readings for subsequent analysis and optimization.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] This embodiment, based on the aforementioned system hardware, details the specific implementation process of the dynamic pulse irrigation control method for deep-rooted crops. (Refer to...) Figure 2 The method mainly includes the following steps:

[0043] Step S201: Obtain meteorological data and calculate the total daily water demand.

[0044] Before the irrigation task begins, the water demand calculation unit 102A within the central processing module 102 first acquires real-time meteorological parameters, including net solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, through the meteorological data acquisition terminal 101A. Subsequently, the water demand calculation unit 102A substitutes these real-time meteorological parameters into the well-known Penman-Montes formula to calculate the reference crop evapotranspiration water volume per unit area. .

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, the above calculation logic is implemented using the following formula:

[0046]

[0047] in, For reference, crop evapotranspiration, This is a crop coefficient, which can be obtained by looking up a table or preset based on the specific type of crop or its different growth stages. The area of ​​the target irrigation region. The final calculated total daily water requirement volume. This will serve as the upper limit of the total amount of irrigation tasks for the day, and will be stored in the memory of the central processing module 102.

[0048] Step S202: Obtain soil volumetric water content data at multiple depths.

[0049] After the system enters irrigation monitoring mode, the central processing module 102 continuously acquires soil volumetric water content data along the vertical depth direction in real time through the array-type soil moisture sensor group 101B. Specifically, it acquires the surface soil depth... Soil volumetric water content at 10 cm Depth of the main root layer of crops Soil volumetric water content at 30 cm and deep soil depth Soil volumetric water content at 50 cm .

[0050] Step S203: Calculate the real-time infiltration gradient.

[0051] The gradient monitoring unit 102B within the central processing module 102 calculates the real-time infiltration gradient between the topsoil and the main root zone soil based on the data obtained in step S202. This gradient is a key physical quantity characterizing the force driving water from the surface to the lower layers.

[0052] Specifically, the system calculates the infiltration gradient by performing a difference calculation between the volumetric water content of the surface soil and the main root zone. In a preferred embodiment, the above calculation logic is implemented using the following formula:

[0053]

[0054] in, Topsoil depth Soil volumetric moisture content at that location Depth of the main root layer of the crop The soil volumetric moisture content at that location. The larger the value, the higher the surface soil moisture content is compared to the deeper layers, and the greater the potential energy difference for downward water transport.

[0055] Step S204: Perform the pulse irrigation process.

[0056] The pulse sequence generation unit 102C of the central processing module 102 begins generating control commands to drive the irrigation control module 103 to execute pulse irrigation. (Refer to...) Figure 3 The entire process consists of alternating irrigation pulses (ON state) 301 and infiltration waiting pulses (OFF state) 302.

[0057] Step S205: Execute the irrigation pulse and make a decision.

[0058] During irrigation pulse 301, solenoid valve 103A opens to supply water to the target area. At this time, the surface soil volumetric moisture content is... Curve 303 begins to rise. The pulse sequence generation unit 102C continues monitoring. The value. When detected Reaching the first preset threshold If this occurs, immediately stop the currently executing irrigation pulse and switch to executing the infiltration waiting pulse.

[0059] The first preset threshold This is an upper limit for the volumetric water content of the surface soil used to prevent surface runoff. Physically, it represents the critical point where the surface soil is nearly saturated but has not yet generated runoff. In one specific implementation, this threshold... It is set to a value between 80% and 90% of the field capacity of the soil type corresponding to the target irrigation area, for example, 85%.

[0060] The numerical range is set based on the following: through previous experiments on soil water accumulation and infiltration on slopes, it was found that when the surface volume water content exceeds 90% of the field capacity, the large pores of the soil are basically filled with water, the infiltration rate drops sharply and approaches the stable soil infiltration rate, and surface runoff is very likely to form on the slope surface at this time. However, if the threshold is set below 80%, the surface soil cannot accumulate enough water and it is difficult to form an effective water potential driving force to move water to deeper layers.

[0061] Step S206: Execute the infiltration waiting pulse and make a decision.

[0062] During the infiltration waiting pulse 302, solenoid valve 103A closes, stopping water supply. Water in the surface soil begins to migrate to deeper layers under the combined influence of gravitational potential and matrix potential, leading to an increase in the surface soil volumetric water content. Curve 303 decreased, while the volumetric water content curve of the main root layer... Rise (not in) Figure 3 (This is explicitly depicted, but is an implicit process). This allows for the real-time infiltration gradient between the two. Curve 304 begins to decline. During this period, the pulse sequence generation unit 102C continuously monitors the real-time infiltration gradient. When detected Below the second preset threshold When the current infiltration waiting pulse is stopped, the next irrigation pulse is triggered.

[0063] The second preset threshold This is a gradient threshold used to characterize the sufficient downward transport of surface soil moisture to the main root zone. Its physical meaning is that when the potential difference between the upper and lower layers decreases below this threshold, it signifies that the potential-driven vertical infiltration process has been partially completed, the pores of the surface soil have been released, and it is capable of receiving a new round of irrigation pulses. In this embodiment, this threshold... Set to between 0.05 Up to 0.08 A preset value between.

[0064] This specific numerical range is based on Darcy's law and multiple field calibrations: when the volumetric water content gradient between the surface layer and the main root layer decreases to 0.05... Up to 0.08 During this range, the superposition of gravitational potential and matrix potential reaches a dynamic equilibrium with the capillary resistance of soil pores. At this time, the free water accumulated on the surface has basically infiltrated, and the soil pores reopen, possessing the physical conditions to quickly absorb the next irrigation pulse, thus avoiding pore blockage caused by continuous water supply.

[0065] In a further optimized embodiment, the pulse sequence generation unit 102C is also configured to dynamically adjust the duty cycle of the pulse sequence according to the rate of gradient descent. Specifically, before triggering the start of the next irrigation pulse, the system obtains the duration of the previous infiltration waiting pulse. If found The gradual increase in duration as irrigation progresses indicates a decrease in the overall soil infiltration capacity. At this point, the pulse sequence generation unit 102C will correspondingly shorten the preset water supply duration of subsequent irrigation pulses. This preset water supply duration Duration The inversely proportional adaptive adjustment mechanism makes the system response more intelligent and efficient.

[0066] Specifically, the inversely proportional adaptive adjustment mechanism is implemented in the central processing module 102 through the following dynamic calculation formula:

[0067]

[0068] in, The preset water supply duration for the calculated (n+1)th irrigation pulse; The initial baseline water supply duration set for the system; The actual completion time of the first infiltration waiting pulse on that day (as a benchmark indicator of the soil's initial maximum infiltration capacity). This represents the actual completion time of the current nth infiltration waiting pulse. Using this formula, the system can directly quantify the decrease in infiltration capacity caused by increasing soil pore size and volumetric water content, converting it into a reduction in the duration of the next water supply cycle, thereby achieving precise control of the pulse duty cycle.

[0069] Step S207: Determine whether the irrigation process has been terminated.

[0070] The system repeatedly executes the alternating process of steps S205 and S206. At the end of each pulse cycle, the central processing module 102 performs a termination condition determination. There are two termination conditions; either one must be met:

[0071] Condition 1: The cumulative irrigation water volume reaches the total daily water requirement. The central processing module 102 estimates and accumulates the water supply for each irrigation pulse based on the opening time of the solenoid valve and the rated flow rate of the dripper. When the accumulated value reaches... When that time comes, all irrigation for the day will be stopped.

[0072] Condition 2: A preset change in the volumetric moisture content of deep soil is detected. The central processing module 102 continuously monitors the depth of the deep soil. Readings from the third soil moisture sensor 403 at the location And calculate its rate of change over time in real time. .

[0073] When the rate of change over time The leakage rate exceeds a preset warning change threshold (in this embodiment, the threshold is specifically set to 0.02). / hour), or when the current value of deep soil volumetric moisture content increases by more than 0.05% compared to the initial value before irrigation. When the system determines that the water front has completely penetrated the main root layer and ineffective deep gravity seepage is about to occur, the system will immediately generate an interruption signal, unconditionally terminating all irrigation pulses for the day to conserve water to the maximum extent possible.

[0074] If the termination condition is not met, the process returns to step S205 to start the next irrigation pulse. If the condition is met, the process ends.

[0075] To verify the technical effectiveness of the embodiments of the present invention, a comparative test was conducted in a vineyard on a slope with a gradient of 15 degrees, topsoil of sandy loam, and subsoil of clay, for three consecutive typical irrigation cycles. The embodiment employs the dynamic pulse irrigation system of the present invention (…). , , The comparison used a traditional continuous drip irrigation system, triggered by a single humidity sensor located 10 cm away. Specific comparative test data are shown in the table below:

[0076] Irrigation cycle Group Total water consumption per plant (L) Longest duration of surface water accumulation (10cm) (min) Net increase in volumetric moisture content at depth (50cm) (m³ / m³) Slope runoff occurrence Cycle 1 Comparative Example 45.2 125 +0.012 Significant runoff occurred Cycle 1 Example 32.5 0 (No continuous standing water) +0.065 No runoff Cycle 2 Comparative Example 48.0 140 +0.015 Severe runoff occurred Cycle 2 Example 33.1 0 (No continuous standing water) +0.068 No runoff Cycle 3 Comparative Example 42.5 110 +0.010 Slight runoff occurred Cycle 3 Example 30.8 0 (No continuous standing water) +0.062 No runoff

[0077] As can be seen from the data in the table above, although traditional continuous drip irrigation (comparative example) consumes a large amount of water per irrigation, a large amount of water remains on the surface and forms runoff, failing to effectively reach the deep root zone of 50cm (the increase in volumetric water content is minimal). In contrast, the present invention (example) completely eliminates surface water accumulation and runoff by alternating multiple pulses and infiltration waiting, while saving an average of about 30% of the total water consumption per irrigation. It also successfully increases the increase in volumetric water content of the deep root zone by more than 4 times, truly achieving the precise control goal of "water flowing to deeper areas".

[0078] It should be noted that the sensor types, microprocessor models, communication protocols, and specific threshold parameters described in the above embodiments are merely illustrative. Those skilled in the art can make substitutions or adjustments based on actual application scenarios and cost budgets. For example, other types of soil moisture sensors can be used, or other controllers with similar functions can be selected. These changes do not depart from the core idea of ​​the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for intelligent irrigation dynamic regulation based on multi-source data, characterized in that, include: acquiring weather data for a target irrigation area and calculating a daily total water volume required by the target irrigation area according to the weather data ; The soil volumetric water content data at the at least two different depths along the vertical depth direction are obtained in real time by an arrayed soil moisture sensor group arranged in the target irrigation area, and the at least two different depths include a surface layer soil depth and a crop main root layer depth ; based on the soil depth of the surface layer and the crop root layer depth the soil volume water content data obtained, calculating the real-time infiltration gradient between the surface layer soil and the root layer soil ; Perform a pulsed irrigation process, which includes alternating irrigation pulses and infiltration waiting pulses; During the execution of the irrigation pulse, the irrigation equipment is controlled to supply water to the target irrigation area; When the soil volumetric moisture content at the surface soil depth reaches a first preset threshold... When this occurs, the currently executing irrigation pulse is stopped, and the infiltration waiting pulse is executed instead; During the execution of the infiltration wait pulse, when the real-time infiltration gradient is detected Below the second preset threshold When the current infiltration waiting pulse is stopped, the next irrigation pulse is triggered. The alternation process of the irrigation pulse and the infiltration waiting pulse is repeated until the cumulative irrigation water volume reaches the total daily water requirement. When a preset change in the volumetric moisture content of the deep soil beneath the main root system of the crop is detected, the pulse irrigation process for that day shall be terminated. The real-time infiltration gradient The calculation method is as follows: obtain the depth of the surface soil. Soil volumetric moisture content at the location and the depth of the main root layer of the crop Soil volumetric moisture content at the location The difference between the two is taken as the real-time infiltration gradient, i.e. The second preset threshold It is a gradient critical value used to characterize the sufficient downward transport of surface soil moisture to the main root layer, and it is set to be between 0.05 and 1. Up to 0.08 A preset value between the real-time infiltration gradient and the given value. Below the second preset threshold At that time, it was determined that the vertical infiltration process driven by water potential difference had been completed in stages, and the surface soil was ready to receive a new round of irrigation pulses. Before triggering the next irrigation pulse, the duration of the previous infiltration waiting pulse is obtained. ; and according to the duration Dynamically adjust the preset water supply duration of the next irrigation pulse. The preset water supply duration With the duration Inversely proportional; when the monitored duration As the irrigation process progresses and the water supply duration increases, the preset water supply duration of subsequent irrigation pulses is correspondingly shortened. .

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitored volumetric water content of the deep soil layer beneath the main root system of the crop underwent a predetermined change, specifically: through the monitoring of the soil layer at a depth of the main root system of the crop... The depth of the underlying soil Soil moisture sensors at the location are used to obtain the volumetric water content of deep soil. ; And calculate the volumetric water content of the deep soil in real time. rate of change over time When the time change rate When the rate of change of leakage warning exceeds the preset threshold, it is determined that the water front has penetrated the main root layer, and the pulse irrigation process is terminated immediately.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The daily total water requirement of the target irrigation area is calculated based on the meteorological data. The specific steps are as follows: Real-time meteorological parameters, including net solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed, are acquired through a meteorological data acquisition terminal. These parameters are then substituted into the Penman-Montes formula to calculate the crop evapotranspiration water volume per unit area. Finally, combined with the area of ​​the target irrigation region, the total daily water requirement is determined. .

4. A smart irrigation dynamic control system based on multi-source data for executing the smart irrigation dynamic control method based on multi-source data as described in claim 1, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition module is configured to acquire meteorological data of the target irrigation area and, through an array of soil moisture sensors deployed in the target irrigation area, acquire in real time soil volumetric water content data at at least two different depths along the vertical depth direction, wherein the at least two different depths include the surface soil depth. and the depth of the main root layer of crops ; The central processing module, electrically connected to the data acquisition module, is configured to calculate the total daily water demand of the target irrigation area based on the meteorological data. Based on the soil volumetric water content data, calculate the real-time infiltration gradient between the topsoil and the main root zone soil. Generate a sequence of control commands for alternating the execution of irrigation pulses and infiltration waiting pulses; while generating the sequence of control commands, monitor the soil volumetric moisture content at the surface soil depth to ensure it reaches a first preset threshold. This serves as a trigger condition for stopping the current irrigation pulse and transitioning to an infiltration waiting pulse, and is based on monitoring the real-time infiltration gradient. Below the second preset threshold This serves as the trigger condition for stopping the current infiltration waiting pulse and starting the next irrigation pulse; And determine the termination condition of the irrigation process, wherein the termination condition is that the cumulative irrigation water volume reaches the total daily water requirement volume. Or, a preset change in the volumetric moisture content of deep soil is detected; An irrigation control module, electrically connected to the central processing module, is configured to receive the control command sequence and drive the irrigation equipment to perform water supply or water stop operations. The central processing module includes a water demand calculation unit, a gradient monitoring unit, and a pulse sequence generation unit. The water demand calculation unit is configured to receive the meteorological data and calculate the total daily water demand volume. The gradient monitoring unit is configured to receive the soil volumetric moisture content data and calculate the real-time infiltration gradient. The pulse sequence generation unit is configured to receive the real-time infiltration gradient from the gradient monitoring unit and generate the control command sequence by combining the first preset threshold and the second preset threshold. The pulse sequence generation unit is further configured to: dynamically adjust the duty cycle of the generated irrigation pulse and the infiltration waiting pulse in the time series according to the instantaneous value of the real-time infiltration gradient output by the gradient monitoring unit; the adjustment logic of the duty cycle is that when the gradient monitoring unit detects that the real-time infiltration gradient decreases slowly during the infiltration waiting pulse, the water supply duration is reduced in the next generated irrigation pulse.

5. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The data acquisition module specifically includes a meteorological data acquisition terminal and the array-type soil moisture sensor group; the array-type soil moisture sensor group is deployed along a depth direction perpendicular to the ground surface, and includes at least: sensors installed at the depth of the surface soil. The first soil moisture sensor is installed at the depth of the main root layer of the crop. The second soil moisture sensor, and the one installed at the depth of the main root layer of the crop. The depth of the underlying soil The third soil moisture sensor.

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The first preset threshold It is set to a value between 80% and 90% of the field water holding capacity of the soil type corresponding to the target irrigation area.

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