Cooling capacity adjustable heat exchanger and dilution refrigerator

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of extremely-low-temperature refrigeration, and provides a cooling capacity adjustable heat exchanger which comprises a base body, and a mounting cavity is formed in the base body in a sunken mode; the main heat exchange assembly is provided with a central shaft fixedly arranged at the central position of the mounting cavity; a plurality of layers of heat exchange plates are fixedly connected to the central shaft in a penetrating manner, and cake-shaped heat exchange layers are formed on the two sides of each heat exchange plate; and the first auxiliary heat exchange assembly and / or the second auxiliary heat exchange assembly are / is fixedly arranged in an area between the main heat exchange assembly and the inner side wall of the mounting cavity. Therefore, the auxiliary heat exchange assembly is installed in the area around the main heat exchange assembly, the space utilization rate is increased, and the refrigeration efficiency of the heat exchanger is improved. Meanwhile, the first auxiliary heat exchange assembly and the second auxiliary heat exchange assembly can be selectively installed according to needs, so that the overall refrigerating capacity of the heat exchanger is adjustable. And the auxiliary heat exchange assembly occupies the space of the mounting cavity, the using amount of helium is also reduced, and the operation cost is reduced. The invention further provides a dilution refrigerator.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cryogenic refrigeration technology, and particularly relates to an adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger and a dilution refrigeration machine. Background Technology

[0002] Heat exchangers are an important component of dilution refrigeration equipment, and their heat exchange efficiency and heat exchange capacity directly affect the performance of dilution refrigeration machines.

[0003] Due to the limited thermal resistance of the pickup truck, existing heat exchange methods often employ disc-shaped nano-silver powder as the heat exchange medium, such as the plum blossom-shaped silver powder sintered heat exchange plate and mixing chamber disclosed in Chinese Patent 202411767147.3. In existing heat exchangers, the number of silver powder discs in the mixing chamber is fixed and difficult to disassemble, making it impossible to adjust the heat exchange capacity. Furthermore, the unused space within the mixing chamber is relatively large, resulting in a high helium-3 consumption during operation.

[0004] In conclusion, the existing technology obviously has inconveniences and defects in practical use, so it is necessary to improve it. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned shortcomings, this invention provides a heat exchanger with adjustable cooling capacity, solving the technical problems of existing heat exchangers having unadjustable cooling capacity and low utilization rate of the mixing chamber space.

[0006] To address the above problems, the present invention provides a heat exchanger with adjustable cooling capacity, including a base body with a recessed mounting cavity; The main heat exchange assembly has a central shaft fixed at the center of the mounting cavity; multiple heat exchange plates are fixedly connected to the central shaft, and each heat exchange plate has a disc-shaped heat exchange layer formed on both sides. The first auxiliary heat exchange component and / or the second auxiliary heat exchange component are fixed in the area between the main heat exchange component and the inner wall of the mounting cavity.

[0007] According to the adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger of the present invention, the outer surface of the central shaft is provided with threaded segments of the same number as the heat exchange plates along the axial direction; from top to bottom, the diameter of each threaded segment increases sequentially; except for the two threaded segments of the first and last layers, the top of the remaining threaded segments forms a stepped surface; the heat exchange plates of each layer pass through the central shaft and abut against the stepped surface of the corresponding layer; each threaded segment is screwed with a fastening nut; a partition ring located below the bottom threaded segment is provided on the outer wall of the central shaft.

[0008] According to the adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger of the present invention, a fixing hole is provided at the center of the mounting cavity, and the bottom of the central shaft has an assembly section for screwing into the fixing hole.

[0009] According to the adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger of the present invention, an annular clearance groove is provided on the central shaft between two adjacent threaded sections.

[0010] According to the adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger of the present invention, the heat exchanger has a first auxiliary heat exchange component and a second auxiliary heat exchange component; the first auxiliary heat exchange component is disposed around the outside of the main heat exchange component; the second auxiliary heat exchange component is disposed around the outside of the first auxiliary heat exchange component, and the second auxiliary heat exchange component forms a surface contact fit with the side wall of the mounting cavity.

[0011] According to the adjustable heat exchanger of the present invention, the first auxiliary heat exchange assembly includes an annular first fixing plate fixed in the mounting cavity; a plurality of heat exchange columns located outside the main heat exchange assembly are arranged around the first fixing plate; and each heat exchange column is covered with a cylindrical heat exchange layer on its outer side.

[0012] According to the adjustable heat exchanger of the present invention, a plurality of heat exchange column groups are uniformly arranged in a ring on the first fixed plate, and each heat exchange column group has at least one heat exchange column; a first mounting hole is provided between two adjacent heat exchange column groups.

[0013] According to the adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger of the present invention, the heat exchange column and the first fixed plate are integrally formed or the heat exchange column is welded to the first fixed plate.

[0014] According to the adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger of the present invention, the second auxiliary heat exchange assembly includes an annular heat exchange plate fixed in the mounting cavity, and an annular heat exchange layer is formed on the heat exchange plate.

[0015] A dilution refrigeration machine having the aforementioned adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger.

[0016] In summary, the adjustable-capacity heat exchanger of the present invention utilizes the area surrounding the main heat exchange component to install a first auxiliary heat exchange component and / or a second auxiliary heat exchange component, thereby improving the utilization rate of the space within the installation cavity and thus enhancing the cooling efficiency of the heat exchanger. Simultaneously, the first and second auxiliary heat exchange components can be selectively installed as needed, making the overall cooling capacity of the heat exchanger adjustable. The auxiliary heat exchange components occupy space within the installation cavity, reducing helium consumption and lowering operating costs. Both the main and auxiliary heat exchange components are manufactured separately and then selected based on the heat exchange capacity, achieving modular production and customized assembly. The present invention also provides a dilution refrigerator. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger of the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the base structure; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure; Figure 4 yes Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of region A in the middle; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the central shaft of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first auxiliary heat exchange component of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second auxiliary heat exchange component of the present invention; In the figure: 1-base body, 11-stop edge, 12-mounting cavity, 13-fixing hole; 2-main heat exchange assembly, 21-central shaft, 211-gap groove, 212-threaded section, 213-stepped surface, 214-separating ring, 215-assembly section; 22-heat exchange plate, 23-disc-shaped heat exchange layer, 24-fastening nut; 3-first auxiliary heat exchange assembly, 31-heat exchange column, 32-cylindrical heat exchange layer, 33-first fixing plate, 34-first mounting hole; 4-second auxiliary heat exchange assembly, 41-heat exchange plate, 42-annular heat exchange layer, 43-second mounting hole. Detailed Implementation

[0018] See Figure 1 This invention provides a heat exchanger with adjustable cooling capacity, including... Combination Figure 2 The base body 1 has a recessed mounting cavity 12; See Figure 3 The main heat exchange assembly 2 has a central shaft 21 fixed at the center of the mounting cavity 12; multiple heat exchange plates 22 are fixedly connected to the central shaft 21, and each heat exchange plate 22 has a disc-shaped heat exchange layer 23 formed on both sides. The first auxiliary heat exchange assembly 3 and / or the second auxiliary heat exchange assembly 4 are fixedly disposed in the area between the main heat exchange assembly 2 and the inner wall of the mounting cavity 12. This invention utilizes the area surrounding the main heat exchange component 2 to install a first auxiliary heat exchange component 3 and / or a second auxiliary heat exchange component 4, improving the utilization rate of the space within the mounting cavity 12 and thus enhancing the cooling efficiency of the heat exchanger. Simultaneously, the first auxiliary heat exchange component 3 and the second auxiliary heat exchange component 4 can be selectively installed as needed, making the overall cooling capacity of the heat exchanger adjustable. The auxiliary heat exchange components occupy space in the mounting cavity 12, reducing the amount of helium-3 used and lowering operating costs. Both the main heat exchange component and the auxiliary heat exchange components are manufactured separately and then selected based on the heat exchange capacity, achieving modular production and customized assembly.

[0019] Combination Figure 5As one embodiment of the main heat exchange assembly, the outer surface of the central shaft 21 is provided with the same number of threaded segments 212 as the heat exchange plates 22 along the axial direction; from top to bottom, the diameter of each threaded segment 212 increases along the axial direction; except for the two threaded segments 212 of the first and last layers, the top of the remaining threaded segments 212 forms a stepped surface 213; the heat exchange plates 22 of each layer pass through the central shaft 21 and abut against the stepped surface 213 of the corresponding layer; each threaded segment 212 is screwed with a fastening nut 24; the outer wall of the central shaft 21 is provided with a partition ring 214 located below the bottom threaded segment 212 for fixing the bottommost heat exchange plate 22; Each heat exchange plate 22 is pressed onto the stepped surface 213 by the fastening nut 24, and the heat exchange plate 22, the fastening nut 24 and the stepped surface 213 all form a surface contact fit, which facilitates the transfer of heat.

[0020] Each threaded segment 212 is independent, creating a gap between the disc-shaped heat exchange layers 23 of adjacent heat exchange components; this allows each heat exchange plate 22 to exchange heat independently. The thickness of the disc-shaped heat exchange layers 23 is controllable, resulting in high heat exchange efficiency; the total thickness of all disc-shaped heat exchange layers 23 is relatively large, giving the main heat exchange component 2 sufficient heat exchange capacity. This resolves the contradiction between the heat exchange efficiency of a single heat exchange layer and the overall heat exchange volume, overcoming the limitation of heat exchange capacity imposed by the upper limit of heat exchange layer thickness.

[0021] Furthermore, a fixing hole 13 is provided at the center of the mounting cavity 12, and the bottom of the central shaft 21 has an assembly section 215 for screwing into the fixing hole 13; Furthermore, an annular relief groove 211 is provided on the central shaft 21 between two adjacent threaded segments 212 to facilitate the machining of the central shaft 21.

[0022] See Figure 6 As one embodiment of the first auxiliary heat exchange component 3, the first auxiliary heat exchange component 3 includes an annular first fixing plate 33 fixed in the mounting cavity 12; a plurality of heat exchange columns 31 located outside the main heat exchange component 2 are arranged around the first fixing plate 33; each heat exchange column 31 is covered with a cylindrical heat exchange layer 32. Furthermore, the first fixing plate 33 is provided with a plurality of first mounting holes 34; the first fixing plate 33 is fixed in the mounting cavity 12 by means of through bolts.

[0023] Furthermore, multiple heat exchange column groups are evenly arranged around the first fixing plate 33, and each heat exchange column group has at least one heat exchange column 31; a first mounting hole 34 is provided between two adjacent heat exchange column groups; so that the first auxiliary heat exchange component 3 can be stably fixed in the mounting cavity 12, and the first fixing plate 33 and the base body 1 form a tight surface contact fit, which has a good heat conduction effect.

[0024] Even better, each heat exchange column group has multiple heat exchange columns 31, and the heat exchange columns 31 in the same group are arranged radially along the first fixed plate 33. The number of heat exchange columns 31 in each group can be determined according to the radial width of the first fixed plate 33.

[0025] Optionally, the heat exchange column 31 and the first fixed plate 33 are integrally formed, resulting in good heat conduction.

[0026] Optionally, the heat exchange column 31 is welded to the first fixed plate 33; this facilitates processing and manufacturing, and the number and fixed position of the heat exchange column 31 are diverse, enabling personalized design.

[0027] As one embodiment, the adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger has a first auxiliary heat exchange component 3 and a second auxiliary heat exchange component 4; the first auxiliary heat exchange component 3 is disposed around the outside of the main heat exchange component 2; the second auxiliary heat exchange component 4 is disposed around the outside of the first auxiliary heat exchange component 3, and the second auxiliary heat exchange component 4 forms a surface contact fit with the side wall of the mounting cavity 12, which is beneficial for heat transfer.

[0028] See Figure 7 As one embodiment of the second auxiliary heat exchange component 4, the second auxiliary heat exchange component 4 includes an annular heat exchange plate 41 fixed in the mounting cavity 12, and an annular heat exchange layer 42 is formed on the heat exchange plate 41. Furthermore, the second auxiliary heat exchange component 4 also includes a second mounting hole 43 that penetrates the annular heat exchange layer 42 and the heat exchange plate 41; the second auxiliary heat exchange component 4 is fixed in the mounting cavity 12 by bolts.

[0029] Optionally, a stop edge 11 is formed around the periphery of the mounting cavity 12; the height of the second auxiliary heat exchange component 4 does not exceed the stop edge 11; to avoid hindering the cooperation between the base body 1 and other components.

[0030] The disc-shaped heat exchange layer 23, the cylindrical heat exchange layer 32, and the annular heat exchange layer 42 of the present invention are all sintered layers of nano-metal powder, with a large specific surface area and good heat exchange effect. Preferably, the heat exchange layer is formed by sintering silver powder.

[0031] The present invention also provides a dilution refrigeration machine having the aforementioned adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger.

[0032] In summary, this invention provides a heat exchanger with adjustable cooling capacity. By utilizing the area surrounding the main heat exchange component to install a first auxiliary heat exchange component and / or a second auxiliary heat exchange component, the utilization rate of the installation cavity space is improved, thereby enhancing the cooling efficiency of the heat exchanger. Simultaneously, the first and second auxiliary heat exchange components can be selectively installed as needed, making the overall cooling capacity of the heat exchanger adjustable. The auxiliary heat exchange components occupy space in the installation cavity, reducing helium consumption and lowering operating costs. Both the main and auxiliary heat exchange components are manufactured separately and then selected based on the heat exchange capacity, achieving modular production and customized assembly. This invention also provides a dilution refrigerator.

[0033] Of course, the present invention may have other various embodiments. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications according to the present invention, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A heat exchanger with adjustable cooling capacity, characterized in that, include The base body has a recessed mounting cavity; The main heat exchange assembly has a central shaft fixed at the center of the mounting cavity; multiple heat exchange plates are fixedly connected to the central shaft, and each heat exchange plate has a disc-shaped heat exchange layer formed on both sides. The first auxiliary heat exchange component and / or the second auxiliary heat exchange component are fixed in the area between the main heat exchange component and the inner wall of the mounting cavity.

2. The adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the central shaft is provided with threaded segments of the same number as the heat exchange plates along the axial direction; the diameter of each threaded segment increases sequentially from top to bottom; except for the two threaded segments of the first and last layers, the top of the remaining threaded segments forms a stepped surface; the heat exchange plates of each layer pass through the central shaft and abut against the stepped surface of the corresponding layer; each threaded segment is screwed with a fastening nut; a partition ring is provided on the outer wall of the central shaft below the bottom threaded segment.

3. The adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A fixing hole is provided at the center of the mounting cavity, and the bottom of the central shaft has an assembly section for screwing into the fixing hole.

4. The adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger as described in claim 3, characterized in that, An annular clearance groove is provided on the central shaft between two adjacent threaded segments.

5. The adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The heat exchanger has a first auxiliary heat exchange component and a second auxiliary heat exchange component; the first auxiliary heat exchange component is disposed around the outside of the main heat exchange component; the second auxiliary heat exchange component is disposed around the outside of the first auxiliary heat exchange component, and the second auxiliary heat exchange component forms a surface contact fit with the side wall of the mounting cavity.

6. The adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The first auxiliary heat exchange assembly includes an annular first fixing plate fixed in the mounting cavity; a plurality of heat exchange columns located outside the main heat exchange assembly are arranged around the first fixing plate; each heat exchange column is covered with a cylindrical heat exchange layer.

7. The adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger as described in claim 6, characterized in that, Multiple heat exchange column groups are evenly arranged in a ring on the first fixed plate, and each heat exchange column group has at least one heat exchange column; a first mounting hole is provided between two adjacent heat exchange column groups.

8. The adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The heat exchange column and the first fixed plate are integrally formed, or the heat exchange column is welded to the first fixed plate.

9. The adjustable cooling capacity heat exchanger as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The second auxiliary heat exchange assembly includes an annular heat exchange plate fixed in the mounting cavity, and an annular heat exchange layer is formed on the heat exchange plate.

10. A dilution refrigeration machine, characterized in that, It has a heat exchanger with adjustable cooling capacity as described in any one of claims 6 to 9.

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