Electric actuating mechanism with one-key self-checking and troubleshooting functions

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric actuating mechanism with one-key self-checking and troubleshooting functions, and relates to the technical field of electric actuating mechanisms. According to the electric actuating mechanism with the one-key self-checking and troubleshooting functions, a shell unit comprises a transmission mechanism, a driving motor, a limiting switch, a stroke detector and a control module, the transmission mechanism achieves power transmission through worm-gear meshing, the stroke detector is matched with a magnetic block on a rotary disc to detect the stroke, and the limiting switch is matched with a linkage disc to achieve limiting protection. According to the self-checking and troubleshooting method, initialization, power system detection, stroke detection, limiting detection and transmission system detection are completed in sequence through one-key triggering. Faults can be quickly positioned and actively intervened, the equipment reliability is improved, and the maintenance cost is reduced; and meanwhile, the energy-saving effect is achieved through dynamic load adaptation, mechanical loss optimization and intelligent dormancy control, and compared with a traditional mechanism, energy consumption is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of electric actuator technology, specifically to an electric actuator with one-button self-test and troubleshooting. Background Technology

[0002] Electric actuators are key components in industrial automation control systems. They drive motors to move transmission mechanisms, enabling the switching control of valves, gates, and other equipment. They are widely used in petroleum, chemical, and power industries. In actual operation, limit switch misalignment and inaccurate travel position are two common and far-reaching faults. These not only directly threaten equipment reliability but also lead to serious energy waste, becoming a widespread pain point in the industry.

[0003] Existing technologies only achieve basic travel protection through simple limit switches, relying solely on periodic manual inspections. This not only results in long inspection cycles but also requires machine shutdowns, further increasing production and energy costs. While current detection can identify some faults, there is no specific detection logic designed for "limit switch misalignment and inaccurate travel position," nor are there any optimization solutions from an energy-saving perspective. After diagnosis, it can only provide alarm prompts and cannot reduce ineffective energy consumption through active calibration. Manual intervention is still required for adjustment, and the motor remains in a suboptimal operating state during the adjustment process, thus failing to fundamentally solve the energy consumption problem.

[0004] The lack of limit switch offset detection and calibration mechanism means that offset cannot be actively identified once it occurs; there is no detection for "limit switch offset and inaccurate travel position", and after detecting and judging the fault, no optimization solution can be given from the perspective of energy saving, and it is impossible to reduce ineffective energy consumption through active calibration. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an electric actuator with one-button self-testing and troubleshooting capabilities, in order to solve the problem mentioned in the background art of the lack of active self-testing and troubleshooting capabilities in existing electric actuators.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an electric actuator with one-button self-test and fault troubleshooting capabilities, comprising: Housing unit; A transmission mechanism, wherein the transmission mechanism is disposed inside the housing unit; Limit switches and travel detectors are provided inside the housing unit; The transmission mechanism includes a worm gear, a transmission shaft, and a shaft. One end of the worm is connected to a drive motor, and a transmission gear and a turntable are sleeved on the outside of the transmission shaft. The transmission gear meshes with the worm, and a gear ring is connected to the top of the transmission gear. The turntable corresponds to the travel detector, and several magnetic blocks are inserted into the top in a ring-shaped uniform distribution. A linkage gear and a linkage disc are sleeved on the outside of the shaft. The linkage gear meshes with the gear ring, and the linkage disc is connected to the limit switch.

[0007] Preferably, a control panel is inserted into the front side of the outer casing unit. The control panel is equipped with a control knob, a self-test button, and a socket. The socket is marked with the words "on" and "off" on both sides. The self-test button is located directly below the socket. A support rod is fixedly connected to the inner side of the outer casing unit. A collar is fixedly connected to the middle part of the support rod. The collar is sleeved on the outside of the shaft.

[0008] Preferably, a positioning shell is connected to the top of the outer casing unit, and a control module and a connector are snapped into the inner side of the positioning shell. The control module is located above the connector. A docking shell is connected to the bottom of the outer casing unit. The docking shell is connected to the outer casing unit by bolts. The docking shell is sleeved on the outside of the travel detector. A receiver is inserted into the bottom of the travel detector. The receiver corresponds to the magnetic block. A nut that is threadedly connected to the docking shell is sleeved on the outside of the travel detector.

[0009] Preferably, a connecting plate is fixedly connected to the outside of the housing unit, and bolts for fixing the drive motor are inserted into the connecting plate.

[0010] Preferably, a push rod is inserted into the inner side of the limit switch, and a shaft is rotatably inserted into the inner side of the push rod away from the limit switch. An eccentric arc-shaped groove is opened on the linkage plate, and the eccentric arc-shaped groove is sleeved on the outer side of the shaft. An indicator plate is sleeved on the outer side of the shaft away from the linkage gear, and the indicator plate is inserted into the inner side of the socket. The indicator plate is provided with "arrows" indicating the words "open" and "closed" on both sides of the socket.

[0011] Preferably, the worm has sleeve holes at both ends, one end of the worm is sleeved to the outside of the output end of the drive motor, and the other end of the worm is sleeved to a rotating handle. Snap rings are symmetrically arranged at both ends of the worm, and a positioning cover is sleeved on the outside of the worm. A connecting bolt for connecting to the outer shell unit is inserted into the positioning cover, and a slot is formed on the inner side of the positioning cover, which snaps into the outside of the snap ring.

[0012] Preferably, the rotating handle is provided with a plug-in end, which is plugged into the inner side of the sleeve hole at the other end of the worm. A positioning bolt is inserted into the inner side of the rotating handle, and the positioning bolt passes through the plug-in end and is threadedly connected to the worm.

[0013] Preferably, a wedge is inserted into the outer side of the drive shaft, and the wedge abuts against the inner side of the drive gear.

[0014] Preferably, a self-testing and troubleshooting method for an electric actuator is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: Self-test trigger and initialization: Press the self-test button on the control panel, the control module receives the trigger signal, enters the self-test mode, initializes the drive motor, limit switch, travel detector and power supply module, clears historical fault codes, and sets the self-test parameter thresholds; S2: Power System Self-Check: The control module sends a forward rotation command to the drive motor, which drives the worm gear to rotate, and drives the shaft to rotate through the transmission gear, gear ring, and linkage gear; the stroke detector detects the rotation frequency of the magnetic block on the turntable through the receiver, converts it into the drive motor speed, and compares it with the preset speed threshold; at the same time, it detects the drive motor operating current to determine whether there is an overload; then it sends a reverse rotation command to repeat the above detection. S3: Stroke and Limit System Self-Check: During the rotation of the shaft in S2, the control module records the number of magnetic blocks fed back by the stroke detector, converts it into the shaft rotation angle, compares it with the preset stroke threshold, and determines whether the stroke position is inaccurate; when the shaft rotates to the limit position, the linkage plate pushes the push rod through the eccentric arc groove to trigger the limit switch. The control module simultaneously detects whether the limit switch trigger signal is normal and the stroke angle at the time of triggering, compares it with the preset limit position angle, and determines whether the limit switch is offset; S4: Transmission system self-test: The control module controls the drive motor to drive the transmission mechanism to run at low speed. The stroke detector detects the uniformity of the turntable rotation and determines whether the meshing of the transmission gear and worm, and the gear ring and linkage gear is stuck. S5: Fault Diagnosis and Troubleshooting: Based on the detection data from S2-S4, the control module determines the fault type and executes the corresponding troubleshooting strategy. If the drive motor speed is abnormal, the control module adjusts the drive motor power supply voltage and re-detects the speed; if the current is overloaded, the drive motor operation is paused and an overload warning is output. If the travel deviation exceeds the threshold, the control module calls the calibration parameters to correct the drive motor running time and compensate for the travel error; If the limit switch is not triggered, the control module controls the drive motor to drive the shaft to rotate slightly back and forth, and repeatedly pushes the push rod through the linkage plate to clean the limit switch contacts. If the transmission is stuck, the control module controls the drive motor to run in both forward and reverse directions alternately to drive the transmission mechanism to reciprocate and break in. If the stuckness continues, a transmission fault prompt will be output. If the limit switch deviates, the control module records the deviation angle and outputs a "limit switch deviated" prompt, while locking the drive motor to run at high speed, allowing only low-speed debugging; If the stroke position is inaccurate, the control module uses the magnetic block count detected by the stroke detector as a reference, drives the shaft to rotate to the standard zero position, recalibrates the stroke start and end points, and corrects the operating parameters. S6: Self-test result feedback: After troubleshooting, re-execute S2-S4 tests. If all parameters meet the standards, the control module outputs a self-test pass signal, and the indicator arrow points to the "normal" mark. If the fault still exists, the fault code is recorded and displayed on the control panel.

[0015] The technical effects and advantages of this invention are as follows: 1. This electric actuator with one-button self-test and troubleshooting can be triggered by the self-test button on the control panel. The control module automatically completes the test of power, stroke, limit and transmission system without the need for manual item-by-item inspection, and the self-test efficiency is improved by more than 60%. 2. This electric actuator with one-button self-test and troubleshooting features proactive troubleshooting strategies such as voltage regulation, stroke calibration, mechanical cleaning, and reciprocating break-in for common faults such as abnormal motor speed, stroke deviation, limit contact oxidation, and slight transmission jamming. The fault resolution rate is over 70%, reducing the number of manual maintenance operations. It also increases the detection of limit switch offset and inaccurate stroke position, and achieves accurate troubleshooting through angle comparison and zero-position calibration, further improving the stability of equipment operation. 3. This electric actuator with one-button self-test and troubleshooting uses a magnetic block-stroke detector to detect speed and stroke with an accuracy of ±0.5°. The limit switch trigger response time is ≤0.1s, ensuring accurate fault diagnosis. 4. This electric actuator with one-button self-test and troubleshooting dynamically matches load demand through PWM speed regulation, meshing gap optimization and idle sleep control, which reduces energy consumption compared with traditional constant speed operating mechanisms and extends equipment endurance and service life. Attached Figure Description

[0016] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the outer shell unit of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the outer shell unit of the present invention; Figure 4 This is the stroke detection module of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission mechanism of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the transmission shaft of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the shaft of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating handle of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the positioning cover of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a flowchart of the self-testing and troubleshooting process of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Outer shell unit; 11. Control panel; 12. Positioning shell; 121. Control module; 122. Connector; 13. Connecting shell; 14. Connecting plate; 15. Limit switch; 151. Push rod; 152. Insert shaft; 16. Support rod; 161. Collar; 17. Stroke detector; 171. Receiver; 172. Nut; 2. Transmission mechanism; 21. Worm gear; 22. Drive shaft; 221. Drive gear; 222. Gear ring; 223. Wedge; 224. Turntable; 225. Magnetic block; 23. Shaft; 231. Linkage gear; 232. Linkage disc; 233. Eccentric arc groove; 234. Indicator disc; 24. Drive motor; 25. Rotary handle; 251. Plug-in end; 252. Positioning bolt; 26. Positioning cover; 261. Connecting bolt; 262. Slot. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example 1:

[0021] This invention discloses an electric actuator with one-button self-test and troubleshooting capabilities, according to the attached... Figures 1-4 As shown, it includes a housing unit 1, a transmission mechanism 2, a drive motor 24, a limit switch 15, a travel detector 17, and a control module 121.

[0022] According to the appendix Figure 3 As shown, furthermore, the outer casing unit 1 is made of die-cast metal, with a control panel 11 inserted into the front. The panel integrates a control knob, a self-test button, and sockets labeled "On" and "Off." The self-test button is a waterproof tactile switch located directly below the sockets. A support rod 16 is welded to the inside of the outer casing unit 1, with a collar 161 welded to the middle of the support rod 16. The collar 161 is fitted onto the shaft 23 to ensure the rotational stability of the shaft 23.

[0023] According to the appendix Figures 5-9As shown, the transmission mechanism 2 further includes a worm gear 21, a transmission shaft 22, and a shaft 23. The worm gear 21 is made of 45 steel and has sleeve holes at both ends. One end is sleeved to the output end of the drive motor 24 and fixed by a flat key. The other end is sleeved to a rotating handle 25. After the insertion end 251 of the rotating handle 25 is inserted into the sleeve hole, it is locked by a positioning bolt 252. The worm gear 21 has symmetrical retaining rings at both ends. The outer side is sleeved with a positioning cover 26. The positioning cover 26 is fixed to the outer shell unit 1 by connecting bolts 261. The inner side has a retaining groove 262 that engages with the retaining rings to restrict the axial movement of the worm gear 21.

[0024] According to the appendix Figures 5-6 As shown, the transmission shaft 22 has a transmission gear 221 fixed to the outside of the transmission shaft 22 by a wedge block 223. The transmission gear 221 is meshed with the worm gear 21. The top of the transmission shaft 22 has an integrally formed toothed ring 222. The top of the transmission shaft 22 is welded to a turntable 224. Several magnetic blocks 225 are evenly inserted into the top of the turntable 224 along the circumference. The spacing between adjacent magnetic blocks 225 is 1°.

[0025] According to the appendix Figure 7 As shown, specifically disclosed, a linkage gear 231 and a linkage disc 232 are sleeved on the outer side of the shaft 23. The linkage gear 231 meshes with a gear ring 222. An eccentric arc-shaped groove 233 is formed on the linkage disc 232, and the end of the push rod 151 of the limit switch 15 is inserted into the groove via a shaft 152. An indicator disc 234 is sleeved on the end of the shaft 23. The arrows on the indicator disc 234 correspond to the "on" and "off" markings on the control panel 11, displaying the operating status in real time.

[0026] According to the appendix Figures 3-7 As shown, it is particularly important to emphasize that the limit switch 15 is a travel switch, fixed inside the housing unit 1, and the extension length of the push rod 151 is adjustable; the travel detector 17 is a Hall sensor, fixed inside the docking housing 13, with the bottom receiver 171 facing the magnetic block 225 on the turntable 224, and the detection distance is 5mm. The docking housing 13 is connected to the housing unit 1 by bolts, and the travel detector 17 is locked inside the docking housing 13 by nuts 172.

[0027] According to the appendix Figure 3 As shown, it is particularly important to emphasize that the control module 121 uses an STM32F103 microcontroller as the main control chip, integrating a motor drive module, a current detection module, a signal acquisition module, and a PWM speed control module. It is fixed inside the positioning housing 12 and connected to the external power supply and control circuit through the connector 122. The control module 121 is electrically connected to the drive motor 24, the limit switch 15, the travel detector 17, and the self-test button to realize signal acquisition, control output, and energy consumption monitoring. When the load is detected to be lower than 50% of the rated load, it automatically switches to energy-saving mode and reduces the motor speed and power supply voltage through the PWM signal.

[0028] Example 2:

[0029] This invention discloses an electric actuator based on Embodiment 1, which performs a self-test and troubleshooting method, with the following steps: S1: Self-test trigger and initialization: When the operator presses the self-test button on the control panel 11, the control module 121 receives a high-level trigger signal, enters the self-test mode, initializes the drive motor 24 drive module and signal acquisition module, and sets the self-test parameter threshold.

[0030] S2: Power System Self-Check: The control module 121 sends a forward rotation command to the drive motor 24. The drive motor 24 operates at a rated voltage of 220V, driving the worm gear 21, transmission gear 221, and transmission shaft 22 to rotate. The magnetic blocks 225 on the turntable 224 pass through the receiver 171 of the stroke detector 17 in sequence. The stroke detector 17 outputs a pulse signal. The control module 121 calculates the speed of the drive motor 24 based on the pulse frequency: pulse frequency f = number of magnetic blocks × speed / 60 = 8 × n / 60, which gives n = 60f / 8. At the same time, the current detection module detects the operating current of the drive motor 24.

[0031] The control module 121 sends a reversal command to repeatedly detect. When the speed of the drive motor 224 is lower than the rated value but the current is lower, it is determined that the speed of the drive motor 24 is too low.

[0032] S3: Stroke and limit system self-test: During forward rotation, the control module 121 records 180 pulses from the stroke detector 17, which is equivalent to a rotation angle of 180° for the shaft 23. When the shaft 23 rotates to the forward limit position, the linkage plate 232 pushes the push rod 151 through the eccentric arc groove 233, triggering the limit switch 15. The control module 121 receives the trigger signal time. Then, a reverse self-test is performed. If the monitoring result is consistent with the forward self-test, it is determined that the stroke and limit system is fault-free.

[0033] S4: Transmission system self-test: Control module 121 controls drive motor 24 to run at one-third speed for low speed operation, and detects whether the pulse frequency fluctuation value of stroke detector 17 is within the set threshold. If the detection data does not exceed the threshold range, it is judged that the transmission mechanism 2 is well engaged and there is no jamming fault.

[0034] S5: Fault Judgment and Troubleshooting: If the control module 121 determines that the fault type is that the speed of the drive motor 24 is too low, it executes the troubleshooting strategy by gradually increasing the supply voltage of the drive motor 24 for repeated detection, increasing by 5V each time, up to a maximum of 240V. After each voltage increase, the speed is re-detected. When the motor speed reaches the threshold and the voltage is ≤240V, the control module 121 sets the forward and reverse rotation supply voltage of the drive motor 24 to the current detection voltage value and saves the parameters. In the non-self-test operation state, if the stroke detector 17 detects that the rotation frequency of the magnetic block 225 is stable, it indicates that the drive motor 224 is in a stable load state. The control module 121 reduces the motor speed through PWM speed regulation, and the supply voltage drops to 200V, reducing energy consumption by about 30%.

[0035] S6: Self-test result feedback: Re-execute S2-S4 tests. If all parameters meet the standards, the control module 121 outputs a self-test qualified signal, the arrow on the indicator panel 234 points to the "normal" mark, and the green indicator light on the control panel 11 remains on.

[0036] If the problem persists after troubleshooting, such as if the transmission continues to jam, the control module 121 records the fault code "E04", the red indicator light on the control panel 11 flashes, the arrow on the indicator panel 234 points to the "fault" mark, and the fault data is stored for subsequent maintenance.

[0037] New fault case: If S3 detects that the trigger angle of the forward rotation limit position is greater than 180° and the error value exceeds 5°, it is judged that the limit switch 15 is offset. The control module 121 outputs fault code "E03", and the control panel 11 displays "limit offset" prompt. Only the drive motor 24 is allowed to run at low speed for the operator to adjust the installation position of the limit switch 15. If the forward rotation stroke error value is less than 5° and it is not mechanical jamming, the control module 121 drives the shaft 23 to rotate to the zero position mark of the magnetic block 225, recalibrates the stroke start point, corrects the stopping time of the drive motor 24, and checks again to restore the stroke to 180° with the error value within ±0.5°, thus completing the troubleshooting.

[0038] When the limit switch 15 fails to trigger, the control module 121 controls the drive motor 24 to drive the shaft 23 to reciprocate within a range of ±10°. The linkage plate 232 drives the push rod 151 to reciprocate through the eccentric arc groove 233, which cleans the contacts of the limit switch 15 by friction. This usually solves the trigger failure problem caused by contact oxidation. If it still fails to trigger after 10 reciprocations, the "E02" fault code is output.

[0039] When a transmission jamming fault occurs, the control module 121 controls the drive motor 24 to run in both forward and reverse directions alternately, driving the worm gear 21, transmission gear 221 and other components to run back and forth. This can eliminate minor foreign object jamming or uneven gear meshing clearance. If the jamming still occurs after 5 runs, the "E04" fault code will be output.

[0040] When the stroke position is inaccurate, the control module 121 automatically drives the shaft 23 to rotate to the preset zero position magnetic block on the turntable 224. Using this position as a reference, it recalculates the number of magnetic blocks required for forward and reverse rotation, adjusts the stopping time of the drive motor 24, and achieves stroke calibration. If the deviation is >5°, the "E05" stroke fault code is output, prompting manual inspection of the mechanical structure.

[0041] When the limit switch deviates, the control module 121 displays the deviance direction and angle on the control panel 11 by measuring the difference between the trigger angle and the standard angle. This allows the operator to adjust the installation position of the limit switch 15 accordingly. After adjustment, a self-test will restore normal operation.

[0042] The control module 121 sets an idle sleep threshold. If it detects that the device has no running command and no fault signal for 5 minutes, it automatically cuts off the main power supply to the drive motor 24 and only retains the standby power supply to the control module. During operation, it judges the load fluctuation by the change rate of the magnetic block 225 interval fed back by the stroke detector 17. When the load fluctuation is ≤5%, it maintains the current energy-saving parameters. When the load suddenly increases by ≥30%, it switches to rated power operation to ensure a balance between operation stability and energy saving.

[0043] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.

[0044] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the present invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An electric actuator with one-button self-test and troubleshooting, characterized in that, include: Outer shell unit (1); Transmission mechanism (2), the transmission mechanism (2) is disposed inside the outer casing unit (1); The inner side of the outer casing unit (1) is provided with a limit switch (15) and a travel detector (17). The transmission mechanism (2) includes a worm (21), a transmission shaft (22), and a shaft (23). One end of the worm (21) is connected to a drive motor (24), and a transmission gear (221) and a turntable (224) are sleeved on the outside of the transmission shaft (22). The transmission gear (221) meshes with the worm (21), and a gear ring (222) is connected to the top of the transmission gear (221). The turntable (224) corresponds to the travel detector (17), and a number of magnetic blocks (225) are inserted into the top in a ring-shaped uniform distribution. A linkage gear (231) and a linkage disc (232) are sleeved on the outside of the shaft (23). The linkage gear (231) meshes with the gear ring (222), and the linkage disc (232) is connected to the limit switch (15).

2. The electric actuator with one-button self-test and fault diagnosis as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A control panel (11) is inserted into the front of the outer casing unit (1). The control panel (11) is equipped with a control knob, a self-test button and a socket. The socket is marked with the words "on" and "off". The self-test button is located directly below the socket. A support rod (16) is fixedly connected to the inner side of the outer casing unit (1). A collar (161) is fixedly connected to the middle part of the support rod (16). The collar (161) is sleeved on the outside of the shaft (23).

3. The electric actuator with one-button self-test and fault diagnosis according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top of the outer casing unit (1) is connected to a positioning shell (12). The inner side of the positioning shell (12) is fitted with a control module (121) and a connector (122). The control module (121) is located above the connector (122). The bottom of the outer casing unit (1) is connected to a docking shell (13). The docking shell (13) is connected to the outer casing unit (1) by bolts. The docking shell (13) is fitted onto the outside of the travel detector (17). The bottom of the travel detector (17) is fitted with a receiver (171). The receiver (171) corresponds to the magnetic block (225). The outside of the travel detector (17) is fitted with a nut (172) that is threadedly connected to the docking shell (13).

4. An electric actuator with one-button self-test and fault diagnosis as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A connecting plate (14) is fixedly connected to the outside of the outer shell unit (1), and bolts for fixing the drive motor (24) are inserted into the connecting plate (14).

5. An electric actuator with one-button self-test and fault diagnosis as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A push rod (151) is inserted into the inner side of the limit switch (15). A shaft (152) is rotatably inserted into the inner side of the push rod (151) away from the limit switch (15). An eccentric arc groove (233) is provided on the linkage disc (232). The eccentric arc groove (233) is sleeved on the outer side of the shaft (152). An indicator disc (234) is sleeved on the outer side of the shaft (23) away from the linkage gear (231). The indicator disc (234) is inserted into the inner side of the socket. The indicator disc (234) is provided with "arrows" indicating the "open" and "close" signs on both sides of the socket.

6. An electric actuator with one-button self-test and fault diagnosis as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The worm (21) has sleeve holes at both ends. One end of the worm (21) is sleeved to the outside of the output end of the drive motor (24), and the other end of the worm (21) is sleeved to a rotating handle (25). The two ends of the worm (21) are symmetrically provided with retaining rings. A positioning cover (26) is sleeved on the outside of the worm (21). A connecting bolt (261) connected to the outer shell unit (1) is inserted into the positioning cover (26). A slot (262) is provided on the inner side of the positioning cover (26), and the slot (262) is engaged with the outside of the retaining ring.

7. An electric actuator with one-button self-test and fault diagnosis as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The rotating handle (25) is provided with a plug end (251), which is inserted into the inner side of the sleeve hole at the other end of the worm (21). A positioning bolt (252) is inserted into the inner side of the rotating handle (25), and the positioning bolt (252) passes through the plug end (251) and is threadedly connected to the worm (21).

8. An electric actuator with one-button self-test and fault diagnosis as described in claim 1, characterized in that, A wedge (223) is inserted into the outside of the drive shaft (22), and the wedge (223) abuts against the inside of the drive gear (221).

9. A self-testing and troubleshooting method based on the electric actuator according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Self-test trigger and initialization: Press the self-test button on the control panel (11), the control module (121) receives the trigger signal, enters the self-test mode, initializes the drive motor (24), limit switch (15), travel detector (17) and power supply module, clears historical fault codes, and sets the self-test parameter threshold. S2: Power system self-test: The control module (121) sends a forward rotation command to the drive motor (24), the drive motor (24) drives the worm (21) to rotate, and drives the shaft (23) to rotate through the transmission gear (221), gear ring (222), and linkage gear (231); the stroke detector (17) detects the rotation frequency of the magnetic block (225) on the turntable (224) through the receiver (171), converts it into the speed of the drive motor (24), and compares it with the preset speed threshold; at the same time, it detects the working current of the drive motor (24) to determine whether there is an overload; then it sends a reverse rotation command to repeat the above detection; S3: Stroke and limit system self-check: During the rotation of the shaft (23) in S2, the control module (121) records the number of magnetic blocks (225) fed back by the stroke detector (17), converts it into the rotation angle of the shaft (23), compares it with the preset stroke threshold, and judges whether the stroke position is inaccurate; when the shaft (23) rotates to the limit position, the linkage plate (232) pushes the push rod (151) through the eccentric arc groove (233) to trigger the limit switch (15). The control module (121) simultaneously detects whether the trigger signal of the limit switch (15) is normal and the stroke angle at the time of triggering, compares it with the preset limit position angle, and judges whether the limit switch (15) is offset; S4: Transmission system self-test: The control module (121) controls the drive motor (24) to drive the transmission mechanism (2) to run at low speed. The stroke detector (17) detects the uniformity of the rotation of the turntable (224) and judges whether the meshing of the transmission gear (221) and the worm (21), and the gear ring (222) and the linkage gear (231) is stuck. S5: Fault Diagnosis and Troubleshooting: The control module (121) determines the fault type and executes the corresponding troubleshooting strategy based on the detection data from S2-S4. If the drive motor (24) speed is abnormal, the control module (121) adjusts the power supply voltage of the drive motor (24) and re-detects the speed; if the current is overloaded, the drive motor (24) is suspended and an overload warning is output. If the travel deviation exceeds the threshold, the control module (121) calls the calibration parameters to correct the running time of the drive motor (24) and compensate for the travel error; If the limit switch (15) is not triggered, the control module (121) controls the drive motor (24) to drive the shaft (23) to rotate slightly back and forth, and pushes the push rod (151) repeatedly through the linkage plate (232) to clean the limit switch (15) contacts; If the transmission is stuck, the control module (121) controls the drive motor (24) to run in both forward and reverse directions alternately, driving the transmission mechanism (2) to run back and forth. If the stuck continues, a transmission fault prompt will be output. If the limit switch (15) deviates, the control module (121) records the deviation angle and outputs a "limit switch deviated" prompt, while locking the drive motor (24) to run at high speed, allowing only low-speed debugging; If the stroke position is inaccurate, the control module (121) uses the count of the magnetic block (225) detected by the stroke detector (17) as a reference, drives the shaft (23) to rotate to the standard zero position, recalibrates the stroke start and end point, and corrects the operating parameters; S6: Self-test result feedback: After troubleshooting, re-execute S2-S4 tests. If all parameters meet the standards, the control module (121) outputs a self-test qualified signal, and the arrow on the indicator panel (234) points to the "normal" sign. If the fault still exists, record the fault code and display it through the control panel (11).

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