Planetary atmospheric trace gas in-situ collection device and detection device and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a planetary atmospheric trace gas in-situ collection device and a detection device and method, and belongs to the field of space detection. The collecting device comprises an air inlet pipe, a filtering tank communicated with the air inlet pipe, an enriching tank communicated with the filtering tank and a first protective cover, an air inlet hole is formed in the first protective cover, and the air inlet pipe is matched with the air inlet hole; the air inlet pipe is a capillary pipe; and a pressure monitoring assembly is arranged on an enrichment pipeline for communicating the filtering tank with the enrichment tank. According to the collection device, through the arrangement of the gas inlet pipe of the capillary tube, stable pressure drop of gas entering the filtering tank is achieved, stable gas inlet is achieved, efficient filtering and impurity removal of inlet gas are achieved through the filtering tank, and efficient enrichment of target trace gas is further achieved through the enrichment tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of space exploration, and specifically relates to an in-situ collection device and detection device and method for trace gases in planetary atmospheres. Background Technology

[0002] Human exploration of exoplanets is an enduring mission. Understanding the atmospheric composition of planets, especially key gases crucial to the existence of extraterrestrial life, will not only deepen our understanding of cosmic evolution but also provide vital scientific evidence for the future search for signs of planetary life. However, in the space environment, collecting trace gases from planetary atmospheres presents challenges due to difficulties in collection and pollution, as detailed below: First, there is the problem of high vacuum and gas escape: the near-absolute vacuum environment of space (pressure as low as 10) -12 The concentration of trace gas molecules is below 100 Pa, resulting in an extremely large mean free path, making the gas highly susceptible to diffusion and escape into the space environment. Conventional ground-based collection devices rely on gas concentration gradients and pressure differences for propulsion, which are almost ineffective in the space environment, making it difficult to gather and store dispersed gas molecules. Secondly, trace gases are present in extremely low concentrations and are highly dispersed in space, making them difficult to capture efficiently using conventional collection methods such as adsorption and condensation. For example, equipment used for collecting trace gases in the Martian atmosphere requires continuous pumping for extended periods to accumulate sufficient samples, and is also susceptible to interference from other gaseous components during the process.

[0003] Third, background pollution in the space environment and gases released by planetary dust can also become sources of interference, contaminating the collected samples.

[0004] Therefore, achieving in-situ detection of trace gases in planetary atmospheres has become a crucial technological breakthrough. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides an in-situ collection and detection device and method for trace gases in planetary atmospheres.

[0006] The first objective of this application is to provide an in-situ collection device for trace gases in a planetary atmosphere, comprising an inlet pipe, a filter canister connected to the inlet pipe, an enrichment canister connected to the filter canister, and a first protective cover, wherein the first protective cover is provided with an inlet hole, and the inlet pipe and the inlet hole cooperate with each other. The air intake pipe is a capillary tube; A pressure monitoring component is provided on the enrichment pipeline connecting the filter tank and the enrichment tank.

[0007] In a specific embodiment of this application, the filter tank is provided with multi-stage filter screens, and each stage of the filter screen is sealed with a knife edge during installation; The pore size of each filter screen decreases from large to small, depending on the direction of gas flow in the filter canister.

[0008] In a specific embodiment of this application, the pressure monitoring component includes a first vacuum gauge and a vacuum pump; The enrichment conduit includes a fourth air pipe, a second air pipe, a first air pipe, and a third air pipe connected in sequence; The first vacuum gauge is mounted on the second gas pipe, and the fourth gas pipe is connected to the vacuum pump.

[0009] In a specific embodiment of this application, the pressure monitoring component further includes a second vacuum gauge; The enrichment pipeline also includes a fifth gas pipe, on which the second vacuum gauge is installed. The fifth gas pipe is connected to the fourth gas pipe and the vacuum pump respectively through a three-way valve. A shell is installed outside the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth trachea.

[0010] In a specific embodiment of this application, a plurality of molecular sieves are fixed on the inner wall of the enrichment tank, and an adsorbent is provided on the molecular sieves; The enrichment tank is equipped with a heating unit on its inner wall.

[0011] In a specific embodiment of this application, both the filter tank and the enrichment tank are mounted on a base plate, and the base plate is further provided with a plurality of second heat insulation blocks, which are arranged around the filter tank and the enrichment tank. The filter tank, the enrichment tank, and the second heat insulation block are provided with a second protective cover on their outer periphery.

[0012] In a specific embodiment of this application, a plurality of first heat insulation blocks are provided around the air intake pipe, and the first heat insulation blocks are installed on the first protective cover; The first protective cover and the second protective cover are assembled into a semi-enclosed protective cover, and the second protective cover is detachably connected to the substrate.

[0013] The second objective of this application is to provide a planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device, including the aforementioned planetary atmospheric trace gas in-situ collection device, and further including: a trace detection component. The detection assembly includes a detection tank and a detection element disposed inside the detection tank; The detection tank is connected to the enrichment tank via a measuring gas tube; The detection tank and the enrichment tank are respectively disposed on two sides of the substrate; The trace detection component is provided with a third protective shield around its periphery.

[0014] In a specific embodiment of this application, a laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component is further provided on the substrate, and the laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component and the trace detection component are located on the same side of the substrate; The laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component includes a heterodyne module and a mirror group; The laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component is housed inside the third protective shield.

[0015] In a specific embodiment of this application, a heat insulation component is provided on the outer wall of the third protective cover; The light inlet of the reflector assembly is fitted with the heat insulation component.

[0016] In a specific embodiment of this application, the substrate is further provided with a plurality of third heat insulation blocks, which are installed on the substrate and distributed around the detection tank and the heterodyne module.

[0017] In a specific embodiment of this application, the planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device further includes a landing assembly, which includes an antenna, a parachute, an explosive bolt assembly, a thermometer, and an altimeter radar. Both the antenna and the parachute are mounted on the third protective cover, and the third protective cover is connected to a fourth protective cover via the explosive bolt assembly. The thermometer and altimeter radar are mounted on the first protective cover.

[0018] In a specific embodiment of this application, the third protective cover and the fourth protective cover are assembled into a semi-enclosed protective cover, and the third protective cover is detachably connected to the substrate.

[0019] In a specific embodiment of this application, the planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device further includes a data acquisition and control component, which is mounted on a substrate and located on the same side of the substrate as the trace detection component.

[0020] The third objective of this application is to provide a method for detecting trace gases in a planetary atmosphere, based on the aforementioned trace gas detection device, including in-situ detection of trace gases. The in-situ detection method for the trace gases includes: When the distance between the planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device and the surface of the planet to be tested is the second preset height, the trace gas on the surface of the planet to be tested enters the filter tank and the enrichment tank in sequence through the air inlet and the air inlet pipe, and is adsorbed and enriched in the enrichment tank. By heating the enrichment tank, the adsorbed and enriched trace gases in the enrichment tank are desorbed and enter the trace detection component for detection, thereby obtaining the composition of the trace gases.

[0021] In a specific embodiment of this application, the method for detecting trace gases in a planetary atmosphere further includes the detection of the planetary atmosphere, which includes: When the planetary atmospheric trace gas detector flies to planetary orbit, it uses a laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component to detect the composition of planetary atmospheric gases.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages: This application discloses an in-situ collection device and detection device and method for trace gases in planetary atmospheres. The in-situ collection device achieves a stable pressure drop of the gas entering the filter canister through the inlet pipe of the capillary tube, thus solving the problem of stable gas intake. The filter canister achieves efficient filtration and impurity removal of the intake gas, and the enrichment canister further achieves efficient enrichment of the target trace gas. Furthermore, by providing a pressure monitoring component on the enrichment pipe connecting the filter tank and the enrichment tank, the pressure of the gas entering the enrichment tank can be monitored, and in the event of excessive pressure, the gas on the enrichment pipe can be absorbed to prevent excessive pressure of the gas entering the enrichment tank.

[0023] Furthermore, by combining the first protective cover, the second protective cover, the first heat insulation block, and the second heat insulation block, the air inlet pipe, filter tank, enrichment tank, and enrichment pipeline of the in-situ collection device are all located inside the first protective box, achieving all-round isolation protection (heat insulation, collision with space floating parts, etc.) for the air inlet pipe, filter tank, enrichment tank, and enrichment pipeline of the in-situ collection device, so as to ensure the stability of the collection device operation.

[0024] Moreover, the in-situ detection device for trace gases in the planetary atmosphere in this application, based on the in-situ collection device and combined with trace detection components, realizes the detection of the composition of the target trace gases. Based on the in-situ collection device, combined with the laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component, the detection of planetary atmospheres was realized.

[0025] Furthermore, the in-situ detection device for trace gases in the planetary atmosphere of this application is also equipped with a landing assembly to ensure the stable landing of the detection device.

[0026] Furthermore, the in-situ detection device for trace gases in the planetary atmosphere of this application is also equipped with a data acquisition and control component, which enables remote control of the detection device; Furthermore, the combination of the third protective shield, the third heat insulation block, and the fourth protective shield in this application ensures that the trace detection component, the laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component, the landing component, and the data acquisition and control component are all located inside the second protective box. This achieves comprehensive isolation and protection (heat insulation, collision with space floating parts, etc.) for each detection component, landing component, and data acquisition and control component, ensuring the stable operation of the detection work.

[0027] Other features and advantages of this application will be set forth in the description which follows, and will be apparent in part from the description, or may be learned by practicing the application. The objectives and other advantages of this application may be realized and obtained by means of the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0028] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0029] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a planetary atmospheric trace gas in-situ collection device according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 2 A perspective schematic diagram of an in-situ collection device for trace gases in a planetary atmosphere according to an embodiment of this application is shown. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the filtering component according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of the enrichment conduit according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the enrichment component according to an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein, Figure 4 A is a 3D view of the enriched component. Figure 4 B in the diagram is a cross-sectional view of the enrichment component; Figure 6 This illustration shows one of the structural schematic diagrams of a planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device according to an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of a laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component according to an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein, Figure 7 Figure A shows the installation diagram of the laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component and the substrate. Figure 7 Image B is a top view of the installation of the laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component; Figure 8 An assembly schematic diagram of the thermal insulation component according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of the mirror assembly according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the landing assembly according to an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein, Figure 10 Image A is one of the assembly diagrams for the landing assembly. Figure 10Image B is an exploded view of the antenna, parachute, and explosive bolt assembly in the landing system; Figure 11 One of the assembly schematic diagrams of the landing assembly according to an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein, Figure 11 Image A shows a schematic diagram of the antenna and parachute assembly in the landing system. Figure 11 Figure B is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the explosive bolt assembly in the landing assembly; Figure 12 This invention illustrates one of the structural schematic diagrams of a planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device and a structural schematic diagram of a heat insulation block according to an embodiment of this application, wherein... Figure 12 Image A is one of the structural schematic diagrams of a planetary atmosphere trace gas detection device. Figure 12 B in the diagram is a structural schematic of the heat insulation block (first heat insulation block / second heat insulation block / third heat insulation block); Figure 13 A schematic diagram of the structure of the data acquisition and control component according to an embodiment of this application is shown; Figure 14 This diagram illustrates one of the structural schematics of a planetary atmosphere trace gas detection device, in which... Figure 14 Image A is an exploded view of a planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device. Figure 14 Image B shows an assembled planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device. In the diagram: 100, Collection device; 110, Inlet pipe; 111, First solenoid valve; 120, Filter tank; 121, Top cover; 122, Primary filter screen; 123, Secondary filter screen; 124, Tertiary filter screen; 125, Mounting base; 126, First support; 130, Enrichment tank; 131, Molecular sieve; 132, Adsorbent; 133, Second support; 134, Heating mechanism; 135, Measuring gas pipe; 140, Pressure monitoring assembly; 141, First vacuum gauge; 142, Second vacuum gauge; 143, Vacuum pump; 144, Third solenoid valve; 145, Three-way valve; 146, Second solenoid valve; 147, Enrichment pipeline; 1471, First gas pipe; 1472, Second gas pipe; 1473, Third gas pipe; 1474, Fourth gas pipe; 1475, Fifth gas pipe; 200, Protective cover assembly; 21 0. First protective cover; 211. Air inlet; 212. First heat insulation block; 220. Second protective cover; 221. Second heat insulation block; 230. Third protective cover; 231. Mounting hole; 232. Third heat insulation block; 233. Heat insulation component; 234. Mounting ring; 240. Fourth protective cover; 300. Trace detection assembly; 400. Laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection assembly; 410. Heterodyne module; 420. Mirror assembly; 421. First mirror; 422. Second mirror; 423. Third mirror; 500. Substrate; 600. Landing assembly; 601. Antenna; 602. Parachute; 603. Explosive bolt assembly; 604. Thermometer; 605. Altimeter radar; 700. Data acquisition and control assembly; 701. Power module; 702. Control module; 80. First phase change block; 90. Second phase change block. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0031] like Figure 1 As shown, a planetary atmospheric trace gas in-situ collection device 100 according to certain embodiments of this application includes an inlet pipe 110, a filter tank 120 communicating with the inlet pipe 110, an enrichment tank 130 communicating with the filter tank 120, and a first protective cover 210. The first protective cover 210 is provided with an air inlet 211, and the inlet pipe 110 and the air inlet 211 cooperate with each other. The air inlet pipe 110 is a capillary tube, which utilizes the gas viscosity laminar flow characteristics of the capillary tube to achieve a stable pressure drop of the gas entering the filter canister 120. A pressure monitoring component 140 is provided on the enrichment pipe 147 connecting the filter tank 120 and the enrichment tank 130. The pressure monitoring component 140 is used to monitor the pressure of the gas entering the enrichment tank 130, and absorb the gas on the enrichment pipe 147 in case of excessive pressure, so as to prevent the pressure of the gas entering the enrichment tank 130 from being too high. The planetary atmospheric trace gas in-situ collection device 100 of this application can achieve efficient filtration and efficient enrichment of target trace gases.

[0032] In some embodiments of this application, the air intake pipe 110 is provided with a first solenoid valve 111.

[0033] like Figure 3 As shown in some embodiments of this application, the filter tank 120 is provided with multi-stage filter screens. Each stage of the filter screen is installed with a knife-edge seal to ensure the stability of the filter screen installation and to avoid the influence of heat on the seal during the process of the collection device 100 entering the target planet's atmosphere. If it is sealed with glue, the glue seal will be affected by heat and age, causing the filter screen to loosen and resulting in filtration failure.

[0034] In some embodiments of this application, the pore size of each filter screen decreases from large to small according to the flow direction of the gas in the filter canister 120, so as to ensure the removal of corrosive gases and particulate matter that may be present in the planetary atmosphere.

[0035] In some embodiments of this application, the number of multi-stage filters is two, three, or other multiples, for example, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the number of filters is three, and the multi-stage filters include a primary filter 122, a secondary filter 123, and a tertiary filter 124.

[0036] In some embodiments of this application, the distance between each stage of the filter module is adjusted according to the content of the target trace gas to be detected in the planetary atmosphere. Generally, the lower the content of the target trace gas, the smaller the distance between each stage of the filter module should be, so as to shorten the time for the target gas to pass through the filter module.

[0037] In some embodiments of this application, the filter canister 120 has an irregular cavity structure. The lower part of the irregular cavity structure is an irregular chamber portion, and the upper part is an elliptical chamber portion. A mounting base 125 is provided at the bottom of the filter canister 120. The irregular cavity and the mounting base 125 cooperate with each other. Multiple stages of the filter screen are sequentially installed on the mounting base 125 to form the irregular chamber portion. The top of the filter canister 120 is provided as a top cover 121. The top cover 121 and the filter screen form an elliptical chamber portion. The target trace gas enters from the top cover 121 of the filter canister 120 and exits from its bottom outlet.

[0038] In some embodiments of this application, the pressure monitoring component 140 includes a first vacuum gauge 141 and a vacuum pump 143. The first vacuum gauge 141 is used to monitor the gas pressure in the enrichment pipe 147, and the vacuum pump 143 is used to absorb the gas in the enrichment pipe 147 to reduce the pressure entering the enrichment tank 130.

[0039] For example, the enrichment conduit 147 includes a fourth air pipe 1474, a second air pipe 1472, a first air pipe 1471, and a third air pipe 1473 connected in sequence (see details). Figure 4 The second air pipe 1472 is connected to the filter canister 120; The first vacuum gauge 141 and the vacuum pump 143 are installed on the enrichment pipe 147 as follows: Figure 2 As shown, the first vacuum gauge 141 is mounted on the second gas pipe 1472, and the fourth gas pipe 1474 is connected to the vacuum pump 143.

[0040] In some embodiments of this application, the pressure monitoring assembly 140 further includes a second vacuum gauge 142; The enrichment conduit 147 also includes a fifth gas pipe 1475 (see details). Figure 4 The second vacuum gauge 142 is mounted on the fifth gas pipe 1475, which is connected to the fourth gas pipe 1474 and the vacuum pump 143 via a three-way valve 145 (see details). Figure 2 Specifically, the vacuum pump 143 is installed on the sixth gas pipe, which is connected to the fifth gas pipe 1475 and the fourth gas pipe 1474 respectively via a three-way valve 145.

[0041] In some embodiments of this application, the first vacuum gauge 141 and the second vacuum gauge 142 are redundant to prevent damage to either vacuum gauge, while the remaining vacuum gauge can still perform pressure monitoring.

[0042] In some embodiments of this application, a housing is provided around the outer periphery of the first trachea 1471, the second trachea 1472, the third trachea 1473, the fourth trachea 1474, and the fifth trachea 1475 (see details). Figure 2 The first air pipe 1471, the second air pipe 1472, the third air pipe 1473, the fourth air pipe 1474 and the fifth air pipe 1475 are fixed to the housing by bolts and nuts. The housing is designed to ensure the stability of all air pipes during the flight of the device.

[0043] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, a second solenoid valve 146 is also provided on the pipe through which the first air pipe 1471 passes through the housing; The fifth air pipe 1475, which passes through the housing, is also equipped with a third solenoid valve 144.

[0044] like Figure 5 As shown in Figure B, in some embodiments of this application, a plurality of molecular sieves 131 are fixed on the inner wall of the enrichment tank 130, and an adsorbent 132 is provided on the molecular sieves 131. The molecular sieves 131 are provided for the enrichment of the target trace gas in the enrichment tank 130, and the adsorbent 132 is provided for the adsorption of the target trace gas. like Figure 5 As shown in Figure A, a heating unit 134 is provided on the inner wall of the enrichment tank 130. The heating unit 134 is provided for the desorption of the enriched target trace gas, so that the desorbed target trace gas is enriched and enters the laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component 400 for detection. The heating unit 134 is a heating device well known in the art, such as a heating plate, and this application does not specifically limit it.

[0045] In some embodiments of this application, for example, the number of molecular sieves 131 is two, which are respectively arranged at the inlet and outlet of the enrichment tank 130, and a two-stage series enrichment module is adopted to achieve efficient concentration of the target trace gas.

[0046] In some embodiments of this application, both the filter tank 120 and the enrichment tank 130 are mounted on the substrate 500 (see details). Figure 6 The substrate 500 is further provided with a plurality of second heat insulation blocks 221; The second heat insulation block 221 is arranged around the filter tank 120 and the enrichment tank 130. The arrangement of the second heat insulation block 221 isolates the heat generated by the device during friction with the atmospheric layer from the filter tank 120, the enrichment tank 130, and the solenoid valve, vacuum gauge, and vacuum pump 143 arranged on the enrichment pipe 147.

[0047] In some embodiments of this application, the filter canister 120 is fixedly mounted on the substrate 500 by a first bracket 126.

[0048] In some embodiments of this application, the enrichment tank 130 is fixedly mounted on the substrate 500 by a second bracket 133.

[0049] In some embodiments of this application, a second protective cover 220 is provided around the outer periphery of the filter tank 120, the enrichment tank 130, and the second heat insulation block 221 (see details). Figure 12 (A)

[0050] In some embodiments of this application, a plurality of first heat insulation blocks 212 are provided around the air intake pipe 110, and the first heat insulation blocks 212 are mounted on the first protective cover 210 (see details). Figure 12 (A) The function of the first heat insulation block 212 is the same as that of the second heat insulation block 221.

[0051] In some embodiments of this application, the first protective cover 210 and the second protective cover 220 are assembled into a semi-enclosed protective cover. The second protective cover 220 is detachably connected to the substrate 500. When the first protective cover 210, the second protective cover 220 and the substrate 500 are assembled, a closed first protective box is formed, which connects the air inlet pipe 110, the filter tank 120, the enrichment tank 130 and the enrichment pipe 147 and protects them in the closed first protective box, thus constituting an all-round protection (heat insulation protection, stable operation) and highly filtered and highly enriched planetary atmospheric trace gas in-situ collection device 100.

[0052] In some embodiments of this application, for example, the first protective box formed by assembling the first protective cover 210, the second protective cover 220 and the substrate 500 is a closed hemispherical shape.

[0053] like Figure 6 As shown, according to certain embodiments of this application, a planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device includes the aforementioned planetary atmospheric trace gas in-situ collection device 100, and further includes: a trace detection component 300. The trace detection component 300 includes a detection container and a detection element disposed inside the detection container. The detection element is an off-axis integrating cavity spectrometer well known in the art. Its detection principle is to detect a specific gas based on the different absorption intensities of different gases to lasers of a specific wavelength. Here, this application will not make a specific limitation on it. Thus, the composition determination of the target trace gas entering the detection container is realized. The detection tank is connected to the enrichment tank 130 via a measuring gas tube 135; The detection tank and the enrichment tank 130 are respectively disposed on both sides of the substrate 500.

[0054] In some embodiments of this application, the trace detection component 300 is provided with a third protective cover 230 on its outer periphery (see details). Figure 12 (A)

[0055] In some embodiments of this application, a laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component 400 is further provided on the substrate 500, and the laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component 400 and the detection component are located on the same side of the substrate 500; The laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection assembly 400 includes a heterodyne module 410 and a mirror group 420 (see details). Figure 7 (A) The heterodyne module 410 is a laser heterodyne spectrometer, which is a gas component detection instrument well known in the art, and will not be described in detail here; The laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component 400 is used to realize the on-orbit occultation detection of the detection device and obtain the main components, macroscopic structure and key parts of the dynamic change process of the planetary atmosphere. The laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component 400 is housed inside the third protective cover 230.

[0056] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 7 As shown in Figure B, the outer wall of the third protective cover 230 is provided with a heat insulation component 233; The light inlet of the reflector assembly 420 is matched with the heat insulation component 233; In this embodiment, the purpose of the heat insulation component 233 is as follows: the mirror surfaces of the mirrors in the mirror assembly 420 are all coated to enhance reflectivity; during the descent of the probe, the friction of the planetary atmosphere will cause the temperature of the outer surface of the probe to rise (the temperature is very high). If the heat insulation component 233 is not provided, the temperature of the mirror assembly 420 will rise rapidly during the descent of the probe, which will damage or even peel off the coating on the mirrors in the mirror assembly 420, affecting the accuracy of the orbital occultation detection.

[0057] like Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the outer wall of the third protective cover 230 is provided with a mounting hole 231, the mounting hole 231 cooperates with the heat insulation member 233, the heat insulation member 233 is fixedly installed in the mounting hole 231, and the heat insulation member 233 is used to isolate the reflector assembly 420 from contact with the planetary atmosphere.

[0058] In some embodiments of this application, for example, the material of the heat insulation element 233 is quartz glass.

[0059] like Figure 9 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the reflector group 420 includes a first reflector 421, a second reflector 422, and a third reflector 423. The first reflector 421, the second reflector 422, and the third reflector 423 are respectively disposed in a first mirror tube and a second mirror tube. The first mirror tube is connected to the third mirror tube through the second mirror tube. The straight line of the first mirror tube is parallel to the straight line of the third mirror tube and perpendicular to the straight line of the second mirror tube. The first reflector 421 is disposed at the light inlet of the first well tube. The second reflector 422 is disposed at the corner where the second mirror tube and the first mirror tube are connected. The third reflector 423 is disposed at the corner where the second mirror tube and the third mirror tube are connected.

[0060] In some embodiments of this application, the substrate 500 is further provided with a plurality of third heat insulation blocks 232 (see details). Figure 12 (A) The third heat insulation block 232 is installed on the substrate 500 and distributed around the detection tank and the heterodyne module 410.

[0061] like Figure 10 As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device further includes a landing assembly 600, which includes an antenna 601, a parachute 602, an explosive bolt assembly 603, a thermometer 604, and an altimeter radar 605. Both the antenna 601 and the parachute 602 are mounted on the third protective cover 230. The third protective cover 230 is connected to a fourth protective cover 240 via the explosive bolt assembly 603. (Specifically, the inner wall of the third protective cover 230 with a mounting ring 234 is connected to the bottom wall of the fourth protective cover 240 via the explosive bolt assembly 603. See details...) Figure 11 (B) The explosive bolt assembly 603 is used to connect the third protective cover 230 and the fourth protective cover 240, and explodes, causing the connection between the third protective cover 230 and the fourth protective cover 240 to be broken. The thermometer 604 and the altimeter 605 are mounted on the first protective cover 210.

[0062] In some embodiments of this application, such as Figure 11 As shown in Figure A, the third protective cover 230 is provided with a mounting ring 234, and the parachute 602 is placed inside the mounting ring 234. The mounting ring 234 forms an open chamber. The opening of the open chamber is close to the fourth protective cover 240 and away from the base plate 500, so as to ensure that the parachute 602 can open smoothly when the connection between the third protective cover 230 and the fourth protective cover 240 is broken. The antenna 601 is installed inside the third protective cover 230 and is used for inter-satellite communication with satellites in orbit.

[0063] like Figure 12As shown in Figure B, in some embodiments of this application, the first heat insulation block 212, the second heat insulation block 221, and the third heat insulation block 232 are all composed of a first phase change block 80 and a second phase change block 90. ​​The first phase change block 80 is close to the outer wall of the protective cover assembly 200 (the protective cover assembly 200 includes the first protective cover 210, the second protective cover 220, the third protective cover 230, and the fourth protective cover 240, which here refers to the first protective cover 210 / the second protective cover 220 / the third protective cover 230), and the second phase change block 90 is away from the outer wall of the protective cover assembly 200 (the protective cover assembly 200 includes the first protective cover 210, the second protective cover 220, the third protective cover 230, and the fourth protective cover 240, which here refers to the first protective cover 210 / the second protective cover 220 / the third protective cover 230). The first phase change block 80 is made of a low-melting-point phase change material. The low-melting-point phase change material is a low-melting-point phase change material well known in this technical field, such as a paraffin-based phase change material, to ensure that the temperature of the detection device does not exceed the normal operating temperature threshold of the detector. The second phase change block 90 is made of a high phase change material, which is a high melting point phase change material well known in the art, such as Sn-Pb phase change material, in order to cope with possible short-term high temperatures and keep the collection device 100 in the detection device within the normal gas storage temperature range. The first heat insulation block 212, the second heat insulation block 221, and the third heat insulation block 232, which are composed of the first phase change block 80 and the second phase change block 90, ensure the stability of the normal operating temperature of the detection device and the stability of the gas storage temperature of the collection device 100 in the detection device.

[0064] In some embodiments of this application, the protective cover assembly 200 is made of titanium alloy to provide high temperature resistance.

[0065] like Figure 14 As shown in Figure A, in some embodiments of this application, the planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device further includes a data acquisition and control component 700, which is mounted on a substrate 500 and located on the same side of the substrate 500 as the trace detection component 300. The third heat insulation block 232 is distributed around the data acquisition and control component 700.

[0066] For example, the data acquisition and control component 700 is disposed on one side of the laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component 400.

[0067] like Figure 13As shown, in some embodiments of this application, the data acquisition and control component 700 includes a power module 701 and a control module 702. The power module 701 is used to provide energy for the detection process, and the control module 702 is used to control the descent of the detection device, the in-situ detection of trace gases and the detection of the planetary atmosphere, as well as the data collection and on / off control of all solenoid valves, thermometers 604, altimeter radars 605 and vacuum pumps 143 in the detection device.

[0068] like Figure 14 As shown in Figure B, the third protective cover 230 and the fourth protective cover 240 are assembled into a semi-enclosed protective cover. The third protective cover 230 is detachably connected to the substrate 500 to form a closed second protective box, which protects the trace detection component 300, the laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component 400, the third heat insulation, the thermometer 604 and the altimeter 605 in the second protective box, forming an all-round protection (heat insulation protection, stable operation) and stable landing measurement component; For example, the second protective box is hemispherical, and together with the first protective box, forms a spherical detection device (see details). Figure 14 (B)

[0069] A method for detecting trace gases in a planetary atmosphere according to certain embodiments of this application, implemented based on the aforementioned trace gas detection device, includes in-situ detection of trace gases. The in-situ detection method for the trace gases includes: When the distance between the planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device and the surface of the planet to be tested is the second preset height, the trace gas on the surface of the planet to be tested enters the filter tank 120 and the enrichment tank 130 in sequence through the air inlet 211 and the air inlet pipe 110, and is adsorbed and enriched in the enrichment tank 130. By heating the enrichment tank 130, the adsorbed and enriched trace gases in the enrichment tank 130 are released and enter the trace detection component 300 to obtain the composition of the trace gases.

[0070] In some embodiments of this application, the method for detecting trace gases in a planetary atmosphere further includes the detection of the planetary atmosphere, which includes: When the planetary atmospheric trace gas detector flies to planetary orbit, the composition of planetary atmospheric gases is detected by the laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component 400.

[0071] In some embodiments of this application, a method for detecting trace gases in a planetary atmosphere further includes a stable landing, wherein the stable landing (after the detection of the planetary atmosphere and before the in-situ detection of trace gases) includes: When the distance between the planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device and the surface of the planet to be measured is at the first preset altitude, The explosion of the explosive bolt assembly 603 separates the fourth protective shield 240 from the third protective shield 230. At this time, under the influence of the planetary atmosphere, the parachute 602 installed inside the third protective shield 230 opens, the speed of the detection device decreases, and a stable landing is achieved.

[0072] According to certain embodiments of this application, the method for detecting trace gases in a planetary atmosphere includes: (1) After the probe reaches the planetary orbit, the planetary atmosphere detection mode is first activated, and the planetary atmosphere is detected using the laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection module. The specific detection process is as follows: (a) Sunlight passing through a planet's atmosphere carries information about the absorption spectrum of the planet's atmospheric gases due to the selective absorption of the planet's atmosphere. (b) Sunlight passing through the planetary atmosphere passes through the heat insulation component 233 and enters the reflector assembly 420, and then enters the heterodyne module 410 through the reflector assembly 420; (c) By mixing the tunable laser in the heterodyne module 410 with sunlight passing through the atmosphere, the absorption spectrum of the planetary atmosphere gas after passing through sunlight can be obtained, thereby revealing the main components, macroscopic structure and dynamic changes of the planetary atmosphere gas.

[0073] (2) After the on-orbit detection is completed, the orbiter releases the detector. At this time, the in-situ detection mode for trace gases is activated, and the trace detection component 300 is used for detection. The specific detection process is as follows: (a) The orbiter releases the detection device, and the in-situ detection mode of trace gas is activated. The thermometer 604 and the altimeter 605 located at the bottom of the detection device measure the height of the detection device from the planetary surface and measure the temperature of the planetary atmosphere outside the detection device in real time. (b) When the thermometer 604 and the altimeter 605 detect that the probe is at a designated first preset altitude (150 km in the example) from the planetary surface, the data acquisition and control assembly 700 controls the explosive bolt assembly 603 to explode, causing the third protective shield 230 and the fourth protective shield 240 to separate. At this time, under the action of the planetary atmosphere, the parachute 602 installed in the third protective shield 230 opens, and the speed of the probe decreases. (c) When the thermometer 604 and the altimeter 605 detect that the probe is at a second preset altitude (80 km in the example) from the planetary surface, the data acquisition and control component 700 controls the first solenoid valve to open, and the planetary atmosphere begins to enter the filter canister 120; (d) Trace gas first enters the filtration rate tank and is filtered out by a multi-stage filter screen; (e) The filtered target trace gas enters the enrichment pipe 147, where the pressure is measured by the first vacuum gauge 141 and the second vacuum gauge 142 installed on the enrichment pipe 147. When the first vacuum gauge 141 and the second vacuum gauge 142 detect that the pressure entering the enrichment pipe 147 is normal, the filtered target trace gas enters the enrichment tank 130 sequentially from the enrichment pipe 147 and the second solenoid valve 146. At this time, the vacuum pump 143 is not activated. When the first vacuum gauge 141 and the second vacuum gauge 142 detect that the pressure entering the enrichment pipe 147 is too high, the vacuum pump 143 is activated, and the third solenoid valve 144 is opened. At this time, the vacuum pump 143 draws some gas from the enrichment pipe 147 through the third solenoid valve 144 and the three-way valve 145, reducing the gas pressure entering the enrichment tank 130.

[0074] (f) The gas entering the enrichment tank 130 first passes through several molecular sieves 131. The molecular sieves 131 only allow the target gas to pass through. After passing through, it is absorbed by the adsorbent 132. After a certain period of adsorption (for example, after 5 minutes of adsorption enrichment), the data acquisition and control component 700 starts the heating unit 134 set on the enrichment tank 130 to heat and desorb (then the adsorption enrichment and heating desorption are repeated to achieve the enrichment of the target trace gas). The target trace gas is desorbed and volatilized, and enters the trace detection component 300 through the measuring gas tube 135 to achieve the detection of the target trace gas.

[0075] Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application.

Claims

1. An in-situ collection device for trace gases in a planetary atmosphere, characterized in that, It includes an air inlet pipe (110), a filter canister (120) connected to the air inlet pipe (110), an enrichment canister (130) connected to the filter canister (120), and a first protective cover (210). The first protective cover (210) is provided with an air inlet hole (211), and the air inlet pipe (110) and the air inlet hole (211) cooperate with each other. The intake pipe (110) is a capillary tube; A pressure monitoring component (140) is provided on the enrichment pipe (147) connecting the filter tank (120) and the enrichment tank (130).

2. The in-situ collection device for trace gases in a planetary atmosphere according to claim 1, characterized in that, The filter tank (120) is equipped with multi-stage filter screens, and each stage of filter screen is sealed with a knife edge during installation; According to the direction of gas flow in the filter canister (120), the pore size of each filter screen decreases from large to small.

3. The in-situ collection device for trace gases in a planetary atmosphere according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pressure monitoring assembly (140) includes a first vacuum gauge (141) and a vacuum pump (143). The enrichment conduit (147) includes a fourth air pipe (1474), a second air pipe (1472), a first air pipe (1471), and a third air pipe (1473) connected in sequence. The first vacuum gauge (141) is mounted on the second gas pipe (1472), and the fourth gas pipe (1474) is connected to the vacuum pump (143).

4. The in-situ collection device for trace gases in a planetary atmosphere according to claim 3, characterized in that, The pressure monitoring assembly (140) also includes a second vacuum gauge (142); The enrichment pipe (147) also includes a fifth gas pipe (1475), the second vacuum gauge (142) is installed on the fifth gas pipe (1475), and the fifth gas pipe (1475) is connected to the fourth gas pipe (1474) and the vacuum pump (143) respectively through a three-way valve (145); A shell is provided around the first trachea (1471), the second trachea (1472), the third trachea (1473), the fourth trachea (1474), and the fifth trachea (1475).

5. The in-situ collection device for trace gases in a planetary atmosphere according to claim 1, characterized in that, A number of molecular sieves (131) are fixed on the inner wall of the enrichment tank (130), and an adsorbent (132) is provided on the molecular sieves (131). The enrichment tank (130) is provided with a heating unit (134) on its inner wall.

6. A planetary atmospheric trace gas in-situ collection device according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The filter tank (120) and the enrichment tank (130) are both mounted on the base plate (500). The base plate (500) is also provided with a plurality of second heat insulation blocks (221), which are arranged around the filter tank (120) and the enrichment tank (130). The filter tank (120), the enrichment tank (130), and the second heat insulation block (221) are provided with a second protective cover (220) on their outer periphery.

7. The in-situ collection device for trace gases in a planetary atmosphere according to claim 6, characterized in that, The air intake pipe (110) is provided with a plurality of first heat insulation blocks (212) around its periphery, and the first heat insulation blocks (212) are installed on the first protective cover (210); The first protective cover (210) and the second protective cover (220) are assembled into a semi-enclosed protective cover, and the second protective cover (220) is detachably connected to the substrate (500).

8. A device for detecting trace gases in a planetary atmosphere, characterized in that, The device for in-situ collection of trace gases in planetary atmosphere as described in any one of claims 1-6 further includes: a trace detection component (300). The detection assembly includes a detection tank and a detection element disposed inside the detection tank; The detection tank is connected to the enrichment tank (130) via a measuring gas tube (135). The detection tank and the enrichment tank (130) are respectively disposed on both sides of the substrate (500); The trace detection component (300) is provided with a third protective cover (230) on its outer periphery.

9. A planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The substrate (500) is further provided with a laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component (400), and the laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component (400) and the trace detection component (300) are located on the same side of the substrate (500). The laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component (400) includes a heterodyne module (410) and a mirror group (420). The laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component (400) is housed inside the third protective cover (230).

10. A planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The outer wall of the third protective cover (230) is provided with a heat insulation component (233); The light inlet of the reflector assembly (420) is matched with the heat insulation component (233).

11. A planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The substrate (500) is also provided with a plurality of third heat insulation blocks (232), which are installed on the substrate (500) and distributed around the detection tank and the heterodyne module (410).

12. A planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes a landing assembly (600), which includes an antenna (601), a parachute (602), an explosive bolt assembly (603), a thermometer (604), and an altimeter (605). The antenna (601) and the parachute (602) are both mounted on the third protective cover (230), and the third protective cover (230) is connected to the fourth protective cover (240) via the explosive bolt assembly (603). The thermometer (604) and the altimeter (605) are mounted on the first protective cover (210).

13. A planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device according to claim 12, characterized in that, The third protective cover (230) and the fourth protective cover (240) are assembled into a semi-enclosed protective cover, and the third protective cover (230) is detachably connected to the substrate (500).

14. A planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device according to any one of claims 8-13, characterized in that, It also includes a data acquisition and control component (700), which is mounted on a substrate (500) and located on the same side of the substrate (500) as the trace detection component (300).

15. A method for detecting trace gases in a planetary atmosphere, characterized in that, Based on any one of claims 8-14, a planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device is implemented, including in-situ detection of trace gases, wherein the in-situ detection of trace gases includes: When the distance between the planetary atmospheric trace gas detection device and the surface of the planet to be tested is the second preset height, the trace gas on the surface of the planet to be tested enters the filter tank (120) and the enrichment tank (130) in sequence through the air inlet (211) and the air inlet pipe (110), and is adsorbed and enriched in the enrichment tank (130). By heating the enrichment tank (130), the adsorbed and enriched trace gases in the enrichment tank (130) are desorbed and enter the trace detection component (300) for detection, thereby obtaining the composition of the trace gases.

16. A method for detecting trace gases in a planetary atmosphere according to claim 15, characterized in that, It also includes the detection of planetary atmospheres, which includes: When the planetary atmospheric trace gas detector flies to planetary orbit, the composition of planetary atmospheric gases is detected by the laser heterodyne spectroscopy detection component (400).

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