Fast start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption and control method thereof

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of based on wind power surplus electricity absorption quick start compressed air energy storage system and its control method, the system includes: power distributor, lithium battery, main compressor unit, at least one peak shaving compressor, multiple compressed working medium flow valves, multiple air compressor interstage cooler, gas tank, pressure regulating valve, vortex tube, distribution valve, heat storage tank, multiple heat tank heat source supply flow valve, circulating working medium flow valve, turbine inlet air precooler, turbine generator set, adsorption tower, ORC power generation system and power supply control and black start module;Wherein, power supply control and black start module are used to execute corresponding control strategy according to multiple power grid operation data and wind power.The system can adaptively start peak shaving compressor to absorb excess power, combined with hybrid frequency modulation architecture and black start protocol, significantly improve the system response speed, energy storage density, energy comprehensive utilization efficiency and power grid support capability, realize the efficient consumption and quick peak shaving of wind power fluctuation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of compressed air energy storage technology, and in particular to a fast-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus electricity absorption and its control method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous growth of installed capacity of renewable energy sources such as wind power and photovoltaics, their inherent intermittency and volatility pose a significant challenge to the stable operation of the power grid. Curtailment of wind and solar power occurs frequently, resulting in a serious waste of renewable energy. Energy storage, as a crucial solution to the mismatch between energy supply and demand, is a key support for building new power systems. Energy storage systems come in various types, such as pumped hydro storage, compressed air storage, flywheel storage, and electrochemical storage. Different types of energy storage systems are suitable for different application scenarios due to differences in power, capacity, and response characteristics.

[0003] Compressed air energy storage (CAES) power generation technology is one of the effective technical approaches for large-scale absorption of renewable energy and peak shaving of the power grid. Compared with other energy storage power generation systems, CAES power generation technology has various advantages such as short construction period, high flexibility, low investment cost, high conversion efficiency, and environmental friendliness.

[0004] However, in practical applications, compressed air energy storage systems in related technologies suffer from problems such as slow response speed, weak peak-shaving capability, low overall energy utilization efficiency, and insufficient grid support capability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to at least partially solve one of the aforementioned technical problems.

[0006] Therefore, the first objective of this application is to propose a rapid-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption. This system innovatively employs vortex tubes to achieve efficient separation and cascaded utilization of compressed air's cold and hot energy through the coordinated control of a power distributor and a peak-shaving compressor. It also couples a thermal storage tank and an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation system, significantly improving energy storage density and overall system efficiency, and achieving combined cooling, heating, and electrical energy supply. Simultaneously, the system features a hybrid frequency regulation architecture and black-start capability for rapid response to grid frequency fluctuations, efficiently absorbing wind power fluctuations and providing strong peak-shaving and support services to the grid. This invention features high system integration, fast response speed, zero carbon emissions throughout the process, and high compatibility with existing wind farms and grid infrastructure, making it suitable for large-scale energy storage technology transformation and upgrading of wind farms.

[0007] The second objective of this application is to propose a control method for a rapid-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus energy absorption.

[0008] The third objective of this application is to provide a computer-readable storage medium.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the first aspect of this application proposes a rapid-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption, comprising: a power distributor, a lithium battery, a main compressor unit, at least one peak-shaving compressor, multiple compressed working fluid flow valves, multiple air compressor interstage coolers, an air storage tank, a pressure regulating valve, a vortex tube, a distribution valve, a heat storage tank, multiple heat source supply flow valves for heat tanks, a circulating working fluid flow valve, a turbine inlet precooler, a turbine generator set, an adsorption tower, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power generation system, and a power supply control and black-start module; wherein,

[0010] The input terminal of the power divider is connected to the output terminal of the wind turbine generator set and the grid interface, respectively. The lithium battery is connected to the output terminal of the power divider and the power supply control and black start module. The output terminal of the power divider is also connected to the drive motors of the main compressor set and the peak-shaving compressor, respectively.

[0011] The exhaust ports of the main compressor unit and the peak-shaving compressor are connected to the corresponding air compressor interstage coolers via corresponding compressed working fluid flow valves; each air compressor interstage cooler is connected to the adsorption tower via a corresponding compressed working fluid flow valve, and each air compressor interstage cooler is also connected to the heat storage tank via a corresponding heat tank heat source supply flow valve; the outlet of the adsorption tower is connected to the inlet of the gas storage tank via a corresponding compressed working fluid flow valve; the outlet of the gas storage tank is connected to the turbine inlet precooler via the pressure regulating valve; the turbine inlet precooler is connected to the turbine generator set via a corresponding compressed working fluid flow valve; and the exhaust port of the turbine generator set is connected to the heat source input terminal of the heat storage tank via a corresponding heat tank heat source supply flow valve.

[0012] The hot end outlet of the vortex tube is directly connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank, and the cold end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to the distribution valve. The distribution valve is also connected to the cold source input of the multiple air compressor interstage coolers, the cold source input of the turbine intake precooler, and the cold source input of the air precooling dehumidifier.

[0013] The hot fluid outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to the heat source input terminal of the ORC power generation system. The ORC evaporator in the ORC power generation system is connected to the inlet of the expander. The expander is connected to the generator. The working fluid outlet of the expander is connected to the condenser. The outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the working fluid pump. The outlet of the working fluid pump is connected to the ORC evaporator.

[0014] The power supply control and black start module is electrically connected to the wind turbine generator set, the grid interface, the power distributor, the main compressor set, the peak-shaving compressor, the turbine generator set, and the ORC power generation system. The power supply control and black start module is used to monitor the grid status and execute corresponding control strategies based on various grid operation data and wind power. The control strategies include black start strategy, hybrid frequency regulation strategy, and compressed energy storage strategy.

[0015] In addition, the fast-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption in this application embodiment also has the following additional technical features:

[0016] Optionally, in some embodiments, the power distributor is specifically used to: monitor in real time the difference between the power of the wind turbine generator set and the required power input to the grid interface; the power supply control and black start module is specifically used to: start the peak-shaving compressor to convert and store wind power when the difference exceeds a preset coefficient multiple of the wind power rated power.

[0017] Optionally, in some embodiments, the peak-shaving compressor is provided with a high-pressure channel, and the discharge pressure of the peak-shaving compressor is higher than that of the main compressor unit; the pressure regulating valve is used to display and regulate the pressure in the gas storage tank, and when the pressure data displayed by the pressure regulating valve is lower than the pressure threshold, the peak-shaving compressor automatically replenishes gas to the gas storage tank to restore the internal working pressure of the gas storage tank.

[0018] Optionally, in some embodiments, the turbine inlet precooler is specifically used to: use the low-temperature compressed airflow from the cold end of the vortex tube to cool the air in the turbine inlet pipe by means of swirling jet, and then transmit the cooled air to the turbine generator set.

[0019] Optionally, in some embodiments, the heat source of the heat storage tank includes the hot-end airflow of the vortex tube, the interstage cooling waste heat of the main compressor unit and the peak-shaving compressor, and the exhaust waste heat of the turbine generator unit.

[0020] Optionally, in some embodiments, the air precooling dehumidifier is specifically used to: precool compressed air to below the dew point temperature using a low-temperature compressed airflow from the cold end of the vortex tube to achieve condensation and dehumidification, and discharge the generated condensate through a separation device.

[0021] Optionally, in some embodiments, the power supply control and black-start module is specifically used to: perform frequency regulation response by compressed air energy storage when the real-time monitored grid frequency deviation is greater than the frequency threshold; and control the lithium battery to perform frequency regulation response when the grid frequency deviation is less than the frequency threshold.

[0022] Optionally, in some embodiments, the power supply control and black start module is specifically used to: in the event of a power grid failure, use the compressed air stored in the gas storage tank to drive the turbine generator set to supply power to the key equipment of the wind farm.

[0023] To achieve the above objectives, a second aspect of this application proposes a control method for a rapid start-up compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus energy absorption, applied to the rapid start-up compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus energy absorption described in the first aspect. The method includes:

[0024] S1: Continuously monitor grid signals and collect wind power and grid demand power in real time;

[0025] S2: Determine whether the power grid is operating normally based on the power grid signal. If the power grid is not operating normally, trigger a fault alarm and simultaneously implement a black start strategy. If the power grid is operating normally, proceed to step S3.

[0026] S3: Detect the real-time frequency fluctuation of the power grid and determine whether the frequency fluctuation is greater than the preset frequency threshold. If the frequency fluctuation is greater than the frequency threshold, perform frequency regulation response through compressed air energy storage and execute step S4. If the frequency fluctuation is less than the frequency threshold, execute step S6.

[0027] S4: Calculate the difference between the wind power and the power demand of the power grid, and determine whether the difference exceeds the wind power rated power by a preset coefficient multiple. If it exceeds the coefficient multiple, proceed to step S5. If it does not exceed the coefficient multiple, control the peak-shaving compressor to remain in the non-starting state and control the compressed air energy storage generator set to operate normally.

[0028] S5: Start the power distributor, and drive the peak-shaving compressor to start through the power distributor;

[0029] S6: Enables rapid frequency modulation response using lithium battery.

[0030] Optionally, in some embodiments, the synchronous black-start strategy includes: activating an islanded control mode, controlling the compressed air generator set to prioritize power supply to the wind farm converter, compressor controller, and disconnect the grid-connected switch; re-monitoring the grid signal and various power data, and performing cyclical regulation based on the updated monitoring data.

[0031] To achieve the above objectives, a third aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements a control method for a rapid-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption as described in any one of the second aspects of the embodiments above.

[0032] The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of this application bring at least the following beneficial effects:

[0033] This application first achieves efficient absorption and rapid peak-shaving response to wind power fluctuations. Addressing the slow response speed and difficulty in adapting to intermittent wind power fluctuations in traditional compressed air energy storage systems, this application uses a power distributor to monitor the power difference between wind power and the grid in real time, enabling rapid start-up and efficiently converting excess wind power into compressed air energy storage, significantly improving the system's dynamic balancing capability and peak-shaving speed in response to wind power fluctuations. Secondly, this application achieves efficient cascaded recovery and comprehensive utilization of cold, heat, and electrical energy. Compressed air is separated into cold and hot fluids through a vortex tube. The hot-end airflow is directly coupled to the heat storage tank, reducing intermediate heat exchange losses; the cold-end airflow is used in stages for interstage cooling, turbine inlet pre-cooling, and air pre-humidification, replacing traditional chiller units and significantly reducing system power consumption. Combined with multi-source heat storage and ORC power generation, efficient conversion of system waste heat is achieved, significantly improving overall energy utilization efficiency. Furthermore, this application improves the operational stability and pressure maintenance capability of the compressed air energy storage system. By utilizing the high-pressure gas replenishment channel of the peak-shaving compressor, automatic and rapid gas replenishment is achieved when the gas storage pressure drops below 7 MPa, effectively maintaining pressure stability and ensuring the continuous and efficient operation of the turbine generator set. This overcomes the technical bottleneck of large pressure fluctuations in traditional cave gas storage. The system is equipped with multiple safety protection devices, including overpressure protection, low-temperature protection, and overload protection, ensuring safe and stable operation under various operating conditions. Furthermore, this application constructs a hybrid frequency regulation architecture and black-start capability, enhancing grid support performance. Through the synergistic response of compressed air energy storage and lithium battery energy storage, graded regulation of grid frequency is achieved, ensuring both response speed and extending battery life. In the event of grid failure, compressed air from the gas storage can be used to quickly start turbine power generation, supplying power to critical equipment in the wind farm and reconstructing the microgrid. The black-start speed is faster than that of traditional diesel generator sets, significantly improving grid reliability and recovery capability. Moreover, this application achieves zero carbon emissions throughout the entire process and low auxiliary energy consumption, resulting in significant environmental and economic benefits. Physical precooling and vortex tube dehumidification are employed, requiring zero external electrical energy during the dehumidification process. The system requires no chemical working fluid and has no carbon emissions. By utilizing closed-loop cascaded energy utilization and direct renewable energy drive, the system boasts low operating costs and wide applicability, making it particularly suitable for peak shaving and energy storage needs in areas with abundant wind and solar resources but weak power grids. Using a compressed air energy storage system in conjunction with wind farms can reduce wind curtailment and increase revenue annually. The system employs a modular design, facilitating expansion and maintenance, and allowing for flexible configuration of energy storage capacity based on wind farm scale. Therefore, this application, while achieving efficient wind power absorption and rapid peak shaving, also significantly improves the system's energy efficiency, operational stability, and grid support capabilities through cascaded utilization and intelligent control of cold, heat, and electrical energy.

[0034] Additional aspects and advantages of this application will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of this application. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of this application will become apparent and readily understood from the following description of the embodiments taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a fast-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption, as proposed in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a wind power consumption and compressed energy storage module proposed in an embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a cold and heat separation and cascade utilization module proposed in an embodiment of this application;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thermal power generation and recovery module proposed in an embodiment of this application;

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the workflow of a power supply control and black start module proposed in an embodiment of this application.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the collaborative operation of various modules as proposed in an embodiment of this application;

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of an adsorption tower according to an embodiment of this application;

[0043] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a heat storage tank according to an embodiment of this application;

[0044] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a vortex tube according to an embodiment of this application;

[0045] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a gas storage tank according to an embodiment of this application;

[0046] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating a control method for a rapid-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption, as proposed in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The embodiments of this application are described in detail below. Examples of these embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to explain this application, and should not be construed as limiting this application.

[0048] It should be noted that the compressed air energy storage system in the relevant embodiments has the following inherent defects: First, traditional compressed air energy storage systems have a slow start-up speed and insufficient ability to respond to grid frequency fluctuations, making it difficult to meet the requirements of rapid frequency regulation. Second, traditional afterburning compressed air energy storage systems rely on the heat energy generated by the combustion of fossil fuels to heat the expanding working fluid, resulting in carbon emissions and violating the original intention of clean energy utilization; while non-afterburning systems have problems with low energy storage density and system efficiency that needs to be improved. Third, if the heat of compression generated during the compression process and the cooling energy required before expansion are not effectively utilized, it will lead to a low overall energy utilization efficiency of the system. Fourth, in the event of a grid failure, how to ensure that the energy storage system itself and the critical loads of the local grid can quickly restore power supply (i.e., black start capability) is also a challenge in the system design of the relevant embodiments.

[0049] To address this, this application proposes a rapid-start compressed air energy storage system and its control method based on wind power surplus absorption. The system uses a power distributor to monitor and respond to wind power and grid power fluctuations in real time, adaptively starting a peak-shaving compressor to absorb excess energy. It innovatively employs a vortex tube coupled interstage cooling and heat storage device to achieve cascaded recovery and utilization of combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) energy. High-pressure gas injection and turbine pre-cooling technologies ensure stable gas storage pressure and system power generation efficiency. Combined with a hybrid frequency regulation architecture and black-start protocol, the system significantly improves response speed, energy storage density, comprehensive energy utilization efficiency, and grid support capabilities, achieving efficient absorption and rapid peak shaving of wind power fluctuations.

[0050] The following describes, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a fast-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption and its control method, according to embodiments of this application.

[0051] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a rapid-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption, as proposed in an embodiment of this application. Figure 1As shown, the system includes: a power distributor 1-1, a lithium battery 1-2, a main compressor unit 1-3, at least one peak-shaving compressor 1-4, multiple compressed working fluid flow valves (from 1-27 to 1-33), multiple air compressor interstage coolers (1-5 and 1-6), an air storage tank 1-9, a pressure regulating valve 1-10, a vortex tube 1-11, a distribution valve 1-12, a heat storage tank 1-8, multiple heat tank heat source supply flow valves (from 1-22 to 1-24), a circulating working fluid flow valve 1-25, a turbine inlet precooler 1-13, a turbine generator set, an adsorption tower 1-7, an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) power generation system, and a power supply control and black start module 1-21.

[0052] The input terminal of the power divider 1-1 is connected to the output terminal of the wind turbine generator set and the grid interface, respectively. The lithium battery 1-2 is connected to the output terminal of the power divider 1-1 and the power supply control and black start module 1-21. The output terminal of the power divider 1-1 is also connected to the drive motors of the main compressor unit 1-3 and the peak-shaving compressor 1-4, respectively.

[0053] The exhaust ports of the main compressor unit 1-3 and the peak-shaving compressor 1-4 are connected to the corresponding air compressor interstage coolers through the corresponding compressed working fluid flow valves; each air compressor interstage cooler is connected to the adsorption tower 1-7 through the corresponding compressed working fluid flow valve, and each air compressor interstage cooler is also connected to the heat storage tank 1-8 through the corresponding heat tank heat source supply flow valve. The outlet of the adsorption tower 1-7 is connected to the inlet of the gas storage tank 1-9 through the corresponding compressed working fluid flow valve, and the outlet of the gas storage tank 1-9 is connected to the turbine inlet precooler 1-13 through the pressure regulating valve. The turbine inlet precooler 1-13 is connected to the turbine generator set through the corresponding compressed working fluid flow valve, and the exhaust port of the turbine generator set is connected to the heat source input end of the heat storage tank 1-8 through the corresponding heat tank heat source supply flow valve.

[0054] The hot end outlet of the vortex tube 1-11 is directly connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank 1-8, and the cold end outlet of the vortex tube 1-11 is connected to the distribution valve 1-12. The distribution valve 1-12 is also connected to the cold source input of multiple air compressor interstage coolers, the cold source input of turbine intake precooler 1-13, and the cold source input of air precooling dehumidifier.

[0055] The hot fluid outlet of the heat storage tanks 1-8 is connected to the heat source input of the ORC power generation system. The ORC evaporator in the ORC power generation system is connected to the inlet of the expander. The expander is connected to the generator. The working fluid outlet of the expander is connected to the condenser. The outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the working fluid pump. The outlet of the working fluid pump is connected to the ORC evaporator.

[0056] The power supply control and black start module 1-21 is electrically connected to the wind turbine generator set, the grid interface, the power distributor 1-1, the main compressor set 1-3, the peak-shaving compressor 1-4, the turbine generator set, and the ORC power generation system. The power supply control and black start module 1-21 is used to monitor the grid status and execute corresponding control strategies based on various grid operation data and wind power. The control strategies include black start strategy, hybrid frequency regulation strategy, and compressed energy storage strategy.

[0057] Among them, such as Figure 1 As shown, the Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation system in this application includes an ORC evaporator 1-16, an expander 1-17, a generator 1-18, a working fluid pump 1-19, and a condenser 1-20. The turbine generator set includes an air turbine 1-14 and another generator 1-15.

[0058] In one embodiment of this application, such as Figure 7 As shown, adsorption tower 1-7 is a combined unit, including a dry compressed air outlet 7-1, a hot air inlet 7-2, a cold air inlet 7-3, an exhaust port 7-4, and a compressed air inlet 7-5. Figure 8 As shown, the heat storage tanks 1-8 are a combined unit, including a temperature transmitter 8-1 and a water distributor 8-2. (As shown...) Figure 9 As shown, the vortex tube 1-11 is a combined device, including a compressed air inlet 9-1, a cold end outlet 9-2, and a hot end outlet 9-3. Figure 10 As shown, the air storage tanks 1-9 are a combined device, including a compressed air inlet 10-1, a compressed air outlet 10-2, a water outlet 10-3, a pressure sensor 10-4, and a safety valve 10-5.

[0059] As an example, in practical applications, the compressed air energy storage system of this application utilizes clean and renewable energy generated by wind farms. The power distributor 1-1 monitors the difference between wind power and grid load in real time. When excess power is detected, the main compressor unit 1-3 and peak-shaving compressor 1-4 are intelligently activated to convert excess electrical energy into high-pressure air potential energy for storage. A vortex tube 1-11 separates the compressed air into two streams: a high-temperature stream and a low-temperature stream. The high-temperature stream is directly transported to the heat storage tank 1-8 via an insulated pipe and used to drive the ORC evaporator 1-16, expander 1-17, generator 1-18, and other components of the organic Rankine cycle power generation system for low-grade thermal energy generation. The low-temperature stream is distributed as needed by the distribution valve 1-12 to the air compressor interstage coolers (1-5 and 1-6), turbine inlet precooler 1-13, and dehumidifier precooler 3-6, respectively, to reduce compression energy consumption, improve turbine power generation efficiency, and achieve zero-energy dehumidification. High-pressure dry air stored in storage tanks 1-9 is released when needed. After further cooling by turbine inlet precooler 1-13, it drives air turbine 1-14 to expand and perform work, driving generator 1-15 to generate electricity and meet the peak-shaving needs of the power grid. Waste heat generated during turbine exhaust and compression is recovered by heat storage tank 1-8, maximizing energy utilization. The system is also equipped with a hybrid frequency regulation architecture that combines lithium battery 1-2 and compressed air energy storage. It automatically selects the optimal response mode according to the magnitude of the grid frequency deviation Δf. For example, when the Δf value is greater than 0.5Hz, the compressed air system responds, and when the Δf value is less than 0.5Hz, the lithium battery responds. It also has black-start capability, and can use the stored compressed air to quickly restore power to critical equipment in the wind farm during grid failures.

[0060] The following is combined with Figure 1 The specific connection methods of each component in the compressed air energy storage system of this application are described in detail.

[0061] like Figure 1As shown, the output of power distributor 1-1 is connected to the drive motors of main compressor unit 1-3 and peak-shaving compressor 1-4, respectively. The exhaust ports of main compressor unit 1-3 and peak-shaving compressor 1-4 are connected in parallel through pipelines and connected to the corresponding interstage coolers (i.e., 1-5 and 1-6) of air compressors via compressed working fluid flow valves 1-28 and 1-29. The outlets of each interstage cooler are connected to the compressed air inlet 7-5 of adsorption tower 1-7 via compressed working fluid flow valves 1-30 and 1-31. The dry compressed air outlet 7-1 of adsorption tower 1-7 is connected to the compressed air inlet 10-1 of air storage tank 1-9 via compressed working fluid flow valve 1-27. The compressed air outlet 10-2 of air storage tank 1-9 is connected to turbine inlet precooler 1-13 via pipeline through pressure regulating valve 1-10. The outlet of the turbine inlet precooler 1-13 is connected to the inlet of the air turbine 1-14 through the compressed working fluid flow valve 1-33; the exhaust port of the air turbine 1-14 is connected to the heat source input end of the heat storage tank 1-8 through the compressed working fluid flow valve 1-26.

[0062] Compressed air is diverted through the compressed air inlet 9-1 of the vortex tube 1-11. Its hot end outlet 9-3 is directly connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank 1-8 via an insulated pipe and a heat source supply flow valve 1-24. Its cold end outlet 9-2 is connected to the distribution valve 1-12, which is connected via a cooling distribution pipeline to the cold source inputs of the air compressor interstage coolers 1-5 and 1-6, the turbine inlet precooler 1-13, and the dehumidification precooler 3-6, respectively. The hot fluid outlet of the heat storage tank 1-8 is connected to the heat source input of the ORC evaporator 1-16 of the organic Rankine cycle power generation system via a circulating working fluid flow valve 1-25.

[0063] In one embodiment of this application, the power distributor is specifically used to: monitor in real time the difference between the power of the wind turbine generator set and the required power input to the grid interface; the power supply control and black start module is specifically used to: start the peak-shaving compressor to convert wind power into energy storage when the difference exceeds a preset coefficient multiple of the wind power rated power. The peak-shaving compressor is equipped with a high-pressure channel, and the exhaust pressure of the peak-shaving compressor is higher than that of the main compressor set; the pressure regulating valve is used to display and regulate the pressure in the gas storage tank. When the pressure data displayed by the pressure regulating valve is lower than the pressure threshold, the peak-shaving compressor automatically replenishes gas to the gas storage tank to restore the internal working pressure of the gas storage tank. The turbine inlet precooler is specifically used to: use the low-temperature compressed airflow from the cold end of the vortex tube to cool the air in the turbine inlet pipe through swirling injection, and transfer the cooled air to the turbine generator set. The heat source of the heat storage tank includes the hot end airflow of the vortex tube, the interstage cooling waste heat of the main compressor set and the peak-shaving compressor, and the exhaust waste heat of the turbine generator set. An air pre-cooling dehumidifier is specifically used to: pre-cool compressed air to below its dew point temperature using a low-temperature compressed airflow from the cold end of a vortex tube, thereby achieving condensation and dehumidification, and then discharging the resulting condensate through a separation device. For example... Figure 5 As shown, the power supply control and black start module is specifically used for: frequency regulation response through compressed air energy storage when the real-time monitored grid frequency deviation is greater than the frequency threshold; frequency regulation response by controlling the lithium battery when the grid frequency deviation is less than the frequency threshold; and power supply to the key equipment of the wind farm by using the compressed air stored in the air storage tank to drive the turbine generator set in the event of grid failure.

[0064] To more clearly explain the principle by which the compressed air energy storage system of this application achieves the above-mentioned effects, in one embodiment of this application, the various components of the system are modularized, that is, the system is divided into various modules according to the functions it performs. Each module will be described in detail below. For ease of description and understanding, the components in each module have been relabeled in this embodiment.

[0065] In this embodiment, as Figure 2 As shown, the power distributor 2-1 in the wind power consumption and compressed energy storage module monitors the difference between wind power and grid demand in real time. When the difference exceeds a set threshold, such as 20%, the peak-shaving compressor 2-3 is automatically started. The peak-shaving compressor 2-3 is equipped with a high-pressure channel. When the pressure of the gas storage tank 2-5 is lower than the set value, such as 7MPa, it can automatically replenish gas through the control of the pressure regulating valve 2-4 and the compressed working fluid flow valves 2-7 and 2-8. The high-pressure air drives the air turbine 2-6 to generate electricity.

[0066] like Figure 3As shown, the vortex tube 3-1 in the hot and cold separation and cascade utilization module separates high-pressure air into hot-end airflow and cold-end airflow; the hot-end airflow enters the heat storage tank 3-2 for storage through the heating working fluid flow regulating valve 3-7; the cold-end airflow is distributed to the compression interstage cooler 3-4, turbine precooler 3-5 and dehumidification precooler 3-6 as needed through the distribution valve 3-3, so as to realize the cascade efficient utilization of cooling capacity.

[0067] Specifically, distribution valves 1-12 intelligently allocate cooling capacity based on the priority and real-time demand of each cooling user. During the energy storage phase, priority is given to supplying cooling capacity to the interstage coolers 1-5 and 1-6 of the air compressor to reduce compression power consumption; during the power generation phase, priority is given to supplying cooling capacity to the turbine intake precooler 1-13 to improve power generation efficiency; the remaining cooling capacity is used for the dehumidification precooler 3-6. This on-demand allocation achieves efficient tiered utilization of cooling energy.

[0068] like Figure 4 As shown, the thermal power generation and recovery module demonstrates the waste heat recovery and utilization pathway. Specifically, the turbine precooler 4-1 uses cold energy to cool the air entering the air turbine 4-2; the waste heat from the exhaust of the air turbine 4-2 and the interstage coolers 4-3 and 4-4 is collected by the heat storage tank 4-5. The heat from the heat storage tank 4-5 drives the ORC evaporator 4-7 and expander 4-8 of the ORC system to generate electricity. The adsorption tower 4-10 ensures the air is dry.

[0069] In practical applications, the above modules can be implemented according to... Figure 6 They work together in the manner shown to achieve the corresponding control strategy.

[0070] Therefore, the compressed air energy storage system of this application significantly improves the overall energy utilization efficiency, operational stability, and grid support capacity of the system through efficient cascade utilization and intelligent control of cold, heat, and electrical energy, achieving zero carbon emissions throughout the entire process. Excess electricity generated by wind power drives the compressor to produce high-pressure air, which is cooled by interstage coolers 1-5 and 1-6 of the air compressor, purified by adsorption tower 1-7, and then stored in storage tank 1-9. During the release of high-pressure air, the compression energy is separated into high-temperature heat energy and low-temperature cold energy through vortex tube 1-11. The heat energy is stored in heat storage tank 1-8 for ORC power generation, while the cold energy is used to improve compression efficiency and turbine performance. Furthermore, the system, through the coordinated control of power distributor 1-1 and peak-shaving compressor 1-4, can quickly respond to wind power fluctuations, and by integrating lithium battery 1-2 and a black-start module that implements the black-start protocol through a hybrid frequency regulation architecture, it can significantly enhance the stability and recovery capability of the power grid.

[0071] In summary, the rapid-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption in this application embodiment not only achieves efficient wind power absorption and rapid peak shaving, but also significantly improves the system's energy efficiency, operational stability, and grid support capabilities through the cascade utilization and intelligent control of cold, heat, and electrical energy.

[0072] To more clearly illustrate the specific implementation process of various control strategies in practical applications of the wind power surplus energy absorption-based rapid start-up compressed air energy storage system of this application, a control method for the wind power surplus energy absorption-based rapid start-up compressed air energy storage system proposed in the embodiments of this application will be described in detail below. This method is applied to the wind power surplus energy absorption-based rapid start-up compressed air energy storage system in the above embodiments, that is, controlling the relevant system equipment in the above embodiments to implement the method of this embodiment. The various devices involved in this method are as described in the above embodiments and will not be repeated here. The executing entity of this method can be the power supply control and black start module in the above device.

[0073] Figure 11 A flowchart of a control method for a fast-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption, as proposed in this application, is shown below. Figure 11 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0074] Step S1: Continuously monitor the power grid signal and collect wind power and power grid demand data in real time.

[0075] Step S2: Determine whether the grid operation status is normal based on the grid signal. If the grid operation is abnormal, trigger a fault alarm and simultaneously implement the black start strategy. If the grid operation is normal, proceed to step S3.

[0076] Step S3: Detect the real-time frequency fluctuation of the power grid and determine whether the frequency fluctuation is greater than the preset frequency threshold. If the frequency fluctuation is greater than the frequency threshold, perform frequency regulation response through compressed air energy storage and execute step S4. If the frequency fluctuation is less than the frequency threshold, execute step S6.

[0077] Step S4: Calculate the difference between the wind power and the power demand of the power grid, and determine whether the difference exceeds the wind power rated power by a preset coefficient. If it exceeds the coefficient, proceed to step S5. If it does not exceed the coefficient, control the peak-shaving compressor to remain in the off state and control the compressed air energy storage generator set to operate normally.

[0078] Step S5: Start the power distributor to drive the peak-shaving compressor to start.

[0079] Step S6: Enable the lithium battery for fast frequency modulation response.

[0080] Specifically, this control method can be pre-installed as a core algorithm in the aforementioned power supply control and black start module. In practical applications, the power supply control and black start module can be implemented according to... Figure 6 The logic shown executes the corresponding control strategy.

[0081] The following is an example of the above. Figure 1 The specific embodiment of the system shown is used for control, and the control method is described in detail.

[0082] In this embodiment, the controlled compressed air energy storage system has four typical operating modes: energy storage mode, power generation mode, frequency regulation mode, and black start mode. Before system startup, an initialization self-test process must be performed, including but not limited to: confirming that all valves (such as pressure regulating valves 1-10, and various compressed working fluid flow valves 1-27 to 1-33, etc.) are in a safe initial state; checking whether the pressure of the air storage tank 1-9 is within the set range (the initial pressure of the air storage tank should preferably be between 5-8 MPa); the power supply control and black start module 1-21 performs a system self-test to confirm that all sensors, actuators, and communication links are working normally. The system prioritizes power supply from the power grid or wind farm to the control cabinet, sensors, actuators, and auxiliary equipment to ensure that the control system is put into operation first. The power distributor 1-1 begins monitoring wind power and grid demand.

[0083] The entire system is monitored via a Human-Machine Interface (HMI). The interface displays several key parameters, including wind power, grid frequency, gas storage tank pressure, thermal storage tank temperature, flow rate and temperature at various points, system operating mode (energy storage / power generation / frequency regulation / black start), and alarm information. Users can set operating modes, target power, pressure setpoints, and other parameters based on input commands. The system operates fully automatically most of the time, requiring no manual intervention, and features comprehensive fault self-diagnosis and protection functions, including overpressure protection (gas storage tank safety valve 10⁻⁵ trip), cryogenic protection (preventing pipeline freezing), overload protection, and leak detection, ensuring safe and stable system operation. All operational data is uploaded to the monitoring system in real time, supporting big data analysis and predictive maintenance.

[0084] The control logic in energy storage mode is as follows: Power distributor 1-1 collects the output power (P) of the wind turbine generator in real time with a period of 1 second. wind Load demand power (P) at the grid interface grid ), calculate the power difference ΔP = P wind -P gridIf ΔP continuously exceeds 20% of the wind power's rated power for more than 30 seconds, it is determined to be a continuous power surplus, and the power distributor 1-1 outputs a command to start the peak-shaving compressor 1-4. The main compressor unit 1-3 is usually in the normally open state, responsible for compressing and storing energy for the base load; the peak-shaving compressor 1-4 responds to fluctuating loads, and its discharge pressure setpoint is higher than that of the main compressor, allowing it to quickly replenish gas to the gas storage tank 1-9 through a high-pressure channel. When the pressure regulating valve 1-10 detects that the gas storage tank pressure is lower than 7MPa, the system automatically starts the high-pressure gas replenishment program, with the peak-shaving compressor 1-4 starting first until the pressure recovers to above 8MPa.

[0085] During compression, the air temperature rises significantly after being compressed by a multi-stage compressor unit, requiring initial cooling by interstage coolers 1-5 and 1-6. The cooling medium comes from the low-temperature airflow (temperature as low as -40℃) output from the cold end of vortex tube 1-11, reducing the compressed air temperature through forced convection heat transfer. The cooled air then enters adsorption tower 1-7 for dehumidification and purification. The adsorption tower is filled with activated alumina or molecular sieve adsorbent to ensure that the outlet air dew point temperature is below 5℃. The dried high-pressure air is stored in storage tank 1-9. The heat generated during compression is recovered by the interstage coolers and collected in heat storage tank 1-8 via heat source supply flow valves (e.g., 1-22, 1-23, and 1-24).

[0086] The power generation mode is activated when the grid's peak-shaving demand or frequency response command is triggered. High-pressure dry air in storage tank 1-9 is throttled and reduced to the turbine's design inlet pressure via pressure regulating valve 1-10, then enters the turbine inlet precooler 1-13 for further cooling. The cooling medium comes from the cold end output of vortex tube 1-11, and is thoroughly mixed with the air through a swirling jet, lowering the air temperature, increasing the turbine's expansion ratio, and improving power generation efficiency. The cooled air drives the air turbine 1-14 to expand and perform work, driving generator 1-15 to generate electricity, which is then connected to the grid via the grid interface. Waste heat from the turbine exhaust is recovered to the heat storage tank 1-8 via heat source supply flow valve 1-26, achieving the recycling of thermal energy.

[0087] This application enables combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) and cascaded energy utilization. Specifically, the vortex tube 1-11 utilizes the pressure energy effect of compressed air to separate high-pressure air into two streams: a hot-end stream (temperatures exceeding 150°C) and a cold-end stream. The hot-end high-temperature stream (temperatures up to -40°C) is directly transported to the heat storage tank 1-8 via insulated pipes, without any heat exchangers, minimizing heat loss. The cold-end low-temperature stream (temperatures down to -40°C) is intelligently distributed to three levels of users via distribution valve 1-12: first priority is given to the interstage cooler (to reduce compression power consumption), second priority to the turbine inlet precooler (to improve power generation efficiency), and the remaining cooling capacity is used for the air precooling and dehumidification device (to achieve zero-energy dehumidification). Distribution valve 1-12 dynamically adjusts the flow rate of each branch according to real-time demand and priority, achieving efficient cascaded utilization of cooling energy.

[0088] The thermal energy stored in the heat storage tank 1-8 is transferred to the evaporator 1-16 of the ORC power generation system through the circulating working fluid flow valve 1-25, heating the organic working fluid, driving the expander 1-17 to perform work, and driving the generator 1-18 to generate electricity. The start-up, shutdown, and power output of the ORC system are automatically managed by the control system. When the temperature of the heat storage tank is lower than the working fluid evaporation temperature, the ORC system automatically shuts down to avoid inefficient operation. After power generation, the organic working fluid is condensed into a liquid state by the condenser 1-20, pressurized by the working fluid pump 1-19, and returned to the evaporator to complete the cycle.

[0089] The hybrid frequency regulation strategy is executed by the power supply control and black-start modules 1-21. The system monitors the grid frequency deviation Δf in real time with a period of 0.1 seconds. If |Δf|>0.5Hz, the compressed air energy storage system responds first, compensating for the frequency deviation by rapidly adjusting the turbine's power generation; if |Δf|≤0.5Hz, the lithium batteries 1-2 provide a millisecond-level response to compensate for small-amplitude high-frequency fluctuations. This strategy ensures the system's rapid response to large frequency deviations while avoiding equipment wear caused by frequent operation of the compressed air system, and also extends the lifespan of the lithium batteries. The system supports bidirectional power regulation, enabling both frequency regulation through discharge and the absorption of excess power for energy storage when the grid frequency is too high.

[0090] In this embodiment, the black start strategy is implemented synchronously, including: starting the islanded control mode, controlling the compressed air generator set to prioritize power supply to the wind farm converter, compressor controller and disconnect grid connection switch; re-monitoring the grid signal and various power data, and performing cyclic regulation based on the updated monitoring data.

[0091] Specifically, the black-start strategy is activated to perform black-start control when the grid completely collapses. The system automatically switches to islanded operation mode. The power supply control and black-start modules 1-21 first disconnect the grid connection switch, and then prioritize the use of compressed air stored in air tanks 1-9 to drive the turbine generator set to generate electricity. The initial output power is used to power key equipment in the wind farm (such as converters, compressor controllers, communication systems, and key sensors). Subsequently, local loads are gradually restored according to preset priorities, and the grid status is continuously monitored. Once the grid is detected to have recovered and the voltage, frequency, and phase meet the grid connection conditions, the system automatically executes the synchronization grid connection procedure to restore the system to grid-connected operation.

[0092] In terms of system optimization and scalability, this system adopts a modular design, allowing for flexible configuration of the number of compressor units, gas storage tank volume, thermal storage tank capacity, and ORC power generation modules based on the scale of the wind farm and grid demand. For example, the number of peak-shaving compressors can be increased to enhance energy storage power, or the gas storage tank volume can be increased to extend the energy storage duration (e.g., by configuring multiple gas storage tanks to operate in parallel). The system supports seamless integration with existing wind farm and grid monitoring systems, and supports pre-dispatch functions based on weather forecasts and load predictions, further improving the system's economy and reliability. In addition, the system reserves interfaces for other energy storage forms such as hydrogen energy storage and pumped hydro storage, supporting the construction of multi-energy complementary hybrid energy storage systems.

[0093] In summary, the control method for a rapid-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption in this application embodiment can adaptively start the peak-shaving compressor to absorb excess electrical energy, realizing the cascade recovery and utilization of combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) energy. Furthermore, high-pressure gas injection and turbine pre-cooling technologies ensure stable gas storage pressure and system power generation efficiency. Combined with a hybrid frequency regulation strategy and a black-start strategy, it significantly improves system response speed, energy storage density, comprehensive energy utilization efficiency, and grid support capabilities, achieving efficient absorption and rapid peak shaving of wind power fluctuations.

[0094] To implement the above embodiments, this application also proposes a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements a control method for a fast-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption as described in any one of the second aspect embodiments of this application.

[0095] It should be noted that various parts of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. In the above embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented using software or firmware stored in memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented in hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented using any one or a combination of the following techniques known in the art: discrete logic circuits having logic gates for implementing logical functions on data signals, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) having suitable combinational logic gates, programmable gate arrays (PGAs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), etc.

[0096] Furthermore, in the description of this application, the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0097] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0098] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral part; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components, unless otherwise explicitly limited. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0099] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this application. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0100] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A fast start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption, characterized in that, include: The system includes a power distributor, lithium batteries, a main compressor unit, at least one peak-shaving compressor, multiple refrigerant flow valves, multiple air compressor interstage coolers, an air storage tank, pressure regulating valves, vortex tubes, distribution valves, a heat storage tank, multiple heat source supply flow valves for heat tanks, circulating refrigerant flow valves, a turbine inlet precooler, a turbine generator set, an adsorption tower, an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) power generation system, and a power supply control and black-start module. The input terminal of the power divider is connected to the output terminal of the wind turbine generator set and the grid interface, respectively. The lithium battery is connected to the output terminal of the power divider and the power supply control and black start module. The output terminal of the power divider is also connected to the drive motors of the main compressor set and the peak-shaving compressor, respectively. The exhaust ports of the main compressor unit and the peak-shaving compressor are connected to the corresponding air compressor interstage coolers via corresponding compressed working fluid flow valves; each air compressor interstage cooler is connected to the adsorption tower via a corresponding compressed working fluid flow valve, and each air compressor interstage cooler is also connected to the heat storage tank via a corresponding heat tank heat source supply flow valve; the outlet of the adsorption tower is connected to the inlet of the gas storage tank via a corresponding compressed working fluid flow valve; the outlet of the gas storage tank is connected to the turbine inlet precooler via the pressure regulating valve; the turbine inlet precooler is connected to the turbine generator set via a corresponding compressed working fluid flow valve; and the exhaust port of the turbine generator set is connected to the heat source input terminal of the heat storage tank via a corresponding heat tank heat source supply flow valve. The vortex tube separates high-pressure air into a hot-end high-temperature airflow and a cold-end low-temperature airflow. The hot-end outlet of the vortex tube is directly connected to the inlet of the heat storage tank, and the cold-end outlet of the vortex tube is connected to the distribution valve. The distribution valve is also connected to the cold source input terminals of the multiple air compressor interstage coolers, the turbine inlet precooler, and the air precooling dehumidifier, respectively. The distribution valve is configured to distribute the cold-end low-temperature airflow to the cold source input terminals of the multiple air compressor interstage coolers, the turbine inlet precooler, and the air precooling dehumidifier in descending order of priority. The hot fluid outlet of the heat storage tank is connected to the heat source input terminal of the ORC power generation system. The ORC evaporator in the ORC power generation system is connected to the inlet of the expander. The expander is connected to the generator. The working fluid outlet of the expander is connected to the condenser. The outlet of the condenser is connected to the inlet of the working fluid pump. The outlet of the working fluid pump is connected to the ORC evaporator. The power supply control and black start module is electrically connected to the wind turbine generator set, the grid interface, the power distributor, the main compressor set, the peak-shaving compressor, the turbine generator set, and the ORC power generation system. The power supply control and black start module is used to monitor the grid status and execute corresponding control strategies based on various grid operation data and wind power. The control strategies include black start strategy, hybrid frequency regulation strategy, and compressed energy storage strategy.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, The power divider is specifically used for: Real-time monitoring of the difference between the power output of the wind turbine generator and the required power input to the grid interface; The power supply control and black start module is specifically used for: When the difference exceeds a preset coefficient multiple of the wind power rated power, the peak-shaving compressor is started to convert and store the wind power energy.

3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The peak-shaving compressor is equipped with a high-pressure channel, and the discharge pressure of the peak-shaving compressor is higher than that of the main compressor unit; The pressure regulating valve is used to display and regulate the pressure inside the gas storage tank. When the pressure data displayed by the pressure regulating valve is lower than the pressure threshold, the peak-shaving compressor automatically replenishes gas to the gas storage tank to restore the internal working pressure of the gas storage tank.

4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The turbine inlet precooler is specifically used for: The air is cooled by swirling jet injection through a low-temperature compressed airflow from the cold end of the vortex tube, and the cooled air is then transmitted to the turbine generator set.

5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat source of the heat storage tank includes the hot-end airflow of the vortex tube, the interstage cooling waste heat of the main compressor unit and the peak-shaving compressor, and the exhaust waste heat of the turbine generator unit.

6. The system according to claim 4, characterized in that, The air pre-cooling dehumidifier is specifically used for: The compressed air is pre-cooled to below the dew point temperature by using a low-temperature compressed airflow from the cold end of the vortex tube to achieve condensation and water removal, and the generated condensate is discharged through a separation device.

7. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply control and black start module is specifically used for: When the real-time monitored grid frequency deviation exceeds the frequency threshold, frequency regulation response is achieved through compressed air energy storage; When the grid frequency deviation is less than the frequency threshold, the lithium battery is controlled to perform frequency modulation response.

8. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The power supply control and black start module is specifically used for: In the event of a power grid failure, the compressed air stored in the gas storage tank is used to drive the turbine generator set to supply power to the critical equipment of the wind farm.

9. A control method for a rapid-start compressed air energy storage system based on wind power surplus absorption, characterized in that, The method, applied to any one of the rapid-start compressed air energy storage systems based on wind power surplus absorption as described in claims 1-8, comprises the following steps: S1: Continuously monitor grid signals and collect wind power and grid demand power in real time; S2: Determine whether the power grid is operating normally based on the power grid signal. If the power grid is not operating normally, trigger a fault alarm and simultaneously implement a black start strategy. If the power grid is operating normally, proceed to step S3. S3: Detect the real-time frequency fluctuation of the power grid and determine whether the frequency fluctuation is greater than the preset frequency threshold. If the frequency fluctuation is greater than the frequency threshold, perform frequency regulation response through compressed air energy storage and execute step S4. If the frequency fluctuation is less than the frequency threshold, execute step S6. S4: Calculate the difference between the wind power and the power demand of the power grid, and determine whether the difference exceeds the wind power rated power by a preset coefficient multiple. If it exceeds the coefficient multiple, proceed to step S5. If it does not exceed the coefficient multiple, control the peak-shaving compressor to remain in the non-starting state and control the compressed air energy storage generator set to operate normally. S5: Start the power distributor, and drive the peak-shaving compressor to start through the power distributor; S6: Enables rapid frequency modulation response using lithium battery.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The synchronous black boot strategy includes: Activate the islanded control mode to control the compressed air generator set to prioritize power supply to the wind farm converter, compressor controller, and disconnect the grid connection switch; The power grid signals and various power data are remonstrated, and cyclical regulation is performed based on the updated monitoring data.

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