An energy storage system based on semi-solid batteries

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of energy storage and battery management, in particular to an energy storage system based on a semi-solid battery, which comprises a high-speed common-mode detection module, a cooperative defense instruction generation module, an elastic fault-tolerant execution module and a system-level power reduction control module. The high-speed common-mode detection module is used for monitoring a direct-current bus to identify common-mode electrical transients and generating a transient characteristic signal. The cooperative defense instruction generation module is used for broadcasting cooperative defense instructions to multiple elastic fault-tolerant execution modules through a high-speed communication bus according to the transient characteristic signal. The elastic fault-tolerant execution module is used for receiving the cooperative defense instructions and executing corresponding transient tolerance strategies to replace conventional isolation logic. The system-level power reduction control module is used for calculating the minimum availability power of the system during the execution of the transient tolerance strategies of the elastic fault-tolerant execution module and issuing controllable power reduction instructions or controlled degradation instructions to the elastic fault-tolerant execution module. The application solves the conflict between the safety strategy of the energy storage system and the high-availability requirement, and ensures the continuous power supply of the key load.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the fields of energy storage technology and battery management technology, specifically to an energy storage system based on a semi-solid-state battery. Background Technology

[0002] As semi-solid-state battery energy storage systems are increasingly used in critical power supply scenarios, the requirements for the system's continuous power supply capability and tolerance to extreme electrical environments are constantly increasing.

[0003] Currently, energy storage systems mainly rely on conventional module-level battery management systems (BMS) for safety protection. However, when the system encounters common-mode electrical transients on the DC bus, each BMS module tends to execute its own independent, prioritized safety isolation logic. This lack of coordinated individual protection response is fragile and can easily lead to the simultaneous isolation of all modules in the system, causing a complete power outage of critical loads. This exposes a profound conflict between the existing architecture's safety strategy and high availability requirements. Therefore, how to construct a coordinated defense mechanism that enables the system to transition from fragile complete isolation to a resilient and controllable power reduction operation state when facing common-mode impacts, thereby ensuring continuous power supply while guaranteeing safety, has become a pressing technical problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides an energy storage system based on semi-solid-state batteries. Specifically, the technical solution of this invention includes:

[0005] A high-speed common-mode detection module is used to monitor the DC bus to identify common-mode electrical transients and generate transient characteristic signals;

[0006] The collaborative defense instruction generation module is used to broadcast collaborative defense instructions to multiple resilient fault-tolerant execution modules via a high-speed communication bus based on the transient characteristic signal.

[0007] The resilient fault-tolerant execution module is used to receive the cooperative defense command and execute the corresponding transient tolerance strategy to replace the conventional isolation logic;

[0008] The system-level power reduction control module is used to calculate the minimum available power of the system during the execution of the transient tolerance strategy by the resilient fault-tolerant execution module, and to issue a controllable power reduction command or a controlled degradation command to the resilient fault-tolerant execution module, and simultaneously issue a matching power reduction command to the energy storage converter PCS.

[0009] Preferably, the high-speed common-mode detection module is specifically used for:

[0010] The DC bus is monitored with a microsecond-level response speed using an independent high-speed voltage sensor or high-speed current sensor.

[0011] The detected bus voltage surge value is compared with a preset voltage surge threshold to identify the common-mode electrical transient.

[0012] Preferably, the high-speed communication bus adopts CAN-FD bus or EtherCAT bus.

[0013] Preferably, the resilient fault-tolerant execution module executes the transient tolerance strategy, including:

[0014] The instantaneous isolation suppression is used to temporarily suppress the overvoltage protection isolation logic and overcurrent protection isolation logic preset by the elastic fault-tolerant execution module after receiving the cooperative defense instruction.

[0015] Preferably, the resilient fault-tolerant execution module, in executing the transient tolerance strategy, further includes:

[0016] Switch to transient tolerance mode to maintain the main circuit conduction so as to utilize the rate performance of the semi-solid battery to jointly absorb the transient energy introduced by the common-mode electrical transient.

[0017] It continuously monitors the impact energy and cell status data, and reports the impact energy and cell status data to the system-level power reduction control module.

[0018] Preferably, the system-level power reduction control module issues the controllable power reduction command, specifically for:

[0019] Based on the impact energy, the cell status data, and the system SOH status, the minimum available power of the system is calculated in real time.

[0020] The system then issues the controllable power reduction command to all resilient fault-tolerant execution modules in the transient tolerance mode, causing the system to operate at the minimum available power.

[0021] Preferably, the system-level power reduction control module issues the controlled degradation command for:

[0022] When the detected impact energy exceeds the preset system transient absorption threshold, a controlled degradation strategy is executed.

[0023] The controlled degradation strategy includes:

[0024] Perform asymmetric isolation, which commands a preset proportion of the elastic fault-tolerant execution module to perform isolation, disconnecting it from the DC bus;

[0025] It also executes forced online operation, which commands the remaining proportion of the elastic fault-tolerant execution modules to maintain online operation and cooperate with the PCS to perform power reduction operation.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0027] 1. This system resolves the conflict between the safety strategy and high availability requirements of energy storage systems; when faced with common-mode impacts, the system no longer operates in a fragile, complete isolation manner, but instead transforms into an organized and controllable power reduction operation state, ensuring continuous power supply to critical loads.

[0028] 2. This system preemptively identifies transients through high-speed common-mode detection and broadcasts coordinated defense commands. The system can temporarily suppress conventional individual isolation logic and instead execute a unified transient tolerance strategy, thus avoiding systemic power outages caused by a lack of coordination.

[0029] 3. This system realizes the transformation from passive isolation to active defense; by suppressing transients through instantaneous isolation and switching to transient tolerance mode, it utilizes the rate performance of semi-solid-state batteries to jointly absorb common-mode transient energy, transforming destructive electrical shocks into controllable energy absorption events;

[0030] 4. This system provides a resilient path between 100% operation and 0% isolation; it can calculate the minimum availability power and perform controlled power reduction; in extreme cases, it can also execute asymmetric isolation strategies to achieve intelligent controlled degradation and maximize the preservation of system availability. Attached Figure Description

[0031] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. Example 1

[0034] Please see Figure 1 An energy storage system based on a semi-solid-state battery, comprising:

[0035] A high-speed common-mode detection module is used to monitor the DC bus to identify common-mode electrical transients and generate transient characteristic signals;

[0036] The collaborative defense instruction generation module is used to broadcast collaborative defense instructions to multiple resilient fault-tolerant execution modules via a high-speed communication bus based on the transient characteristic signal.

[0037] The resilient fault-tolerant execution module is used to receive the cooperative defense command and execute the corresponding transient tolerance strategy to replace the conventional isolation logic;

[0038] The system-level power reduction control module is used to calculate the minimum available power of the system during the transient tolerance strategy executed by the resilient fault-tolerant execution module. As a system-level power decision unit, it issues controllable power reduction commands or controlled degradation commands to the resilient fault-tolerant execution module. On the other hand, it issues synchronous power reduction commands to the energy storage converter PCS through a high-speed communication bus or dedicated interface, so as to realize power matching and coordination between BMS and PCS in derating operation.

[0039] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, this energy storage system is applied to scenarios with extremely high requirements for continuous power supply; the system in conventional Based on the redundant modular architecture and layered BMS, a parallel, high-speed collaborative defense architecture has been added.

[0040] The key purpose of the high-speed common-mode detection module is to identify system-level common-mode electrical transients before all parallel, conventional module-level BMSs can isolate and respond. The input of this module is a real-time electrical signal from the DC bus. Its internal processing logic is as follows: it monitors the bus status at high speed, and once an impact is detected, it immediately generates a transient characteristic signal as the output.

[0041] The purpose of the collaborative defense command generation module is to act as the command and decision-making unit for system-level defense. Its processing logic is triggered as follows: once the above-mentioned transient characteristic signal is received, the system is immediately determined to enter the collaborative defense state and a collaborative defense command is generated. This command is then broadcast to all execution modules via the high-speed communication bus as an output.

[0042] The elastic fault-tolerant execution module is the core execution unit of this invention; its core purpose is to reconstruct the security isolation logic of conventional BMS individual priority; its input is the above-mentioned cooperative defense instruction; its processing logic is that once the cooperative defense instruction is received, it unconditionally and temporarily replaces the conventional isolation logic and executes the transient tolerance strategy instead.

[0043] The system-level power reduction control module aims to actively manage and control the operating state of the system after it has been subjected to an impact. Its input is data reported by each execution module during the execution of the tolerance strategy. Its processing logic is to calculate the minimum available power that the system can still provide under the premise of ensuring safety. Its output is to issue a controllable power reduction command to all execution modules or a controlled degradation command in extreme cases.

[0044] Through the close collaboration of the above four modules, this invention resolves the binary conflict between safety and availability in the prior art from an architectural perspective; it constructs a system that can respond elastically: when faced with common-mode impact, the system is no longer brittlely isolated, but transforms into an organized and controllable power reduction operation state, thereby ensuring the basic safety of the battery while ensuring the continuous power supply of critical loads. Example 2

[0045] The high-speed common-mode detection module is specifically used for:

[0046] The DC bus is monitored with a microsecond-level response speed using an independent high-speed voltage sensor or high-speed current sensor.

[0047] The detected bus voltage surge value is compared with a preset voltage surge threshold to identify the common-mode electrical transient.

[0048] In some embodiments, the high-speed common-mode detection module is further configured to perform preliminary integration and morphological discrimination on the waveform, duration and total energy of the transient within a microsecond time, so as to classify the common-mode electrical transient into a high-energy pulse type or a continuous overvoltage type, and to include the classification information in the transient characteristic signal, so as to provide the cooperative defense command generation module with a decision on which tolerance strategy to adopt.

[0049] In this embodiment, the high-speed common-mode detection module is further defined; the purpose is to ensure that the detection speed is absolutely faster than any conventional module-level BMS in the system.

[0050] This module achieves microsecond-level response speed by deploying independent, dedicated high-speed sensors on the DC main bus;

[0051] Its internal processing logic is specifically manifested as follows: the high-speed sensor continuously collects the bus voltage; the module calculates the bus voltage surge value in real time; it should be understood that the setting of the preset voltage surge threshold is the key to ensuring the feasibility of the present invention; this threshold is not fixed, but is determined by those skilled in the art based on the electrical characteristics of a specific UPS / PCS system, through statistical analysis and simulation of transient data of massive normal operating conditions and typical fault conditions;

[0052] For example, in a -48V communication power supply or a 400V-600V data center UPS system, normal bus voltage fluctuations may be within 5%, while common-mode electrical transients may cause a sudden voltage surge of more than 20% or even 50%. Therefore, this threshold is set as an engineering boundary that can sensitively distinguish between normal disturbances and catastrophic impacts. The setting of this threshold aims to achieve the best distinction between normal disturbances and catastrophic impacts, so as to ensure extremely high detection sensitivity, minimize missed detections, and control the false alarm rate to an extremely low level acceptable to the system. When the bus voltage surge value detected by the module exceeds this preset threshold, a common-mode electrical transient is immediately determined to have occurred.

[0053] By employing microsecond-level independent sensors and The threshold comparison scheme ensures that the present invention can capture the first signal of common-mode impact before all conventional BMS reacts; this time difference is a necessary prerequisite for subsequent cooperative defense commands to successfully replace conventional isolation logic. Example 3

[0054] The high-speed communication bus uses either the CAN-FD bus or the EtherCAT bus.

[0055] In this embodiment, the selection of the high-speed communication bus is specifically described; its purpose is to ensure that the cooperative defense command can be broadcast to all parallel resilient fault-tolerant execution modules almost synchronously with extremely low deterministic latency.

[0056] In this embodiment, the CAN-FD bus is preferred; compared with the conventional Modbus or RS485 bus that may be used in the background art, CAN-FD or EtherCAT has the inherent advantages of high priority preemption, high real-time performance and high anti-interference capability; when the cooperative defense command is generated, it will be broadcast on the bus as the highest priority message, ensuring that all execution modules receive the command simultaneously within microseconds or milliseconds.

[0057] By using CAN-FD or EtherCAT buses, race conditions that may be caused by notification or message delays at the physical and protocol layers are eliminated. This avoids the chaotic state where some modules perform regular isolation because they have not received instructions in time, while other modules perform tolerance strategies, thus ensuring absolute consistency in system response. Example 4

[0058] The resilient fault-tolerant execution module executes the transient tolerance strategy, including:

[0059] Execute instantaneous isolation suppression, which is used to temporarily suppress the overvoltage protection isolation logic and overcurrent protection isolation logic preset by the elastic fault-tolerant execution module after receiving the cooperative defense instruction;

[0060] The resilient fault-tolerant execution module executes the transient tolerance strategy, and further includes:

[0061] Switch to transient tolerance mode to maintain the main circuit conduction so as to utilize the rate performance of the semi-solid battery to jointly absorb the transient energy introduced by the common-mode electrical transient.

[0062] It continuously monitors the impact energy and cell status data, and reports the impact energy and cell status data to the system-level power reduction control module.

[0063] In this embodiment, the transient tolerance strategy executed by the resilient fault-tolerant execution module after receiving CDI is broken down in detail. The purpose of this strategy is to actively utilize the physical characteristics of the battery system to withstand and absorb transient shocks, rather than passively disconnecting the battery.

[0064] The core of this strategy's execution logic lies in a key timing action: executing instantaneous isolation and suppression. This constitutes the execution module's first reaction. Its input is a cooperative defense instruction from the high-speed bus. Its processing logic is that this instruction, as a highest-priority software interrupt, causes its firmware to temporarily suppress all its regular, preset protection logic, especially overvoltage protection isolation logic and overcurrent protection isolation logic. This is a crucial self-disarming step, the purpose of which is to obey the unified command of the system level.

[0065] Next, the module switches to transient tolerance mode; after the isolation is suppressed, the module must actively do work; its processing logic is to maintain the main circuit conduction; its purpose is to make all the parallel battery modules in the system form a huge energy absorption pool, and use the excellent rate performance and low internal resistance of the semi-solid battery itself to absorb the huge transient energy introduced by the common mode electrical transient within milliseconds.

[0066] In this mode, the module's BMS does not stop working, but switches its task priority; it then continues to monitor the impact energy.

[0067] The impact energy is a key quantitative indicator used to characterize the cumulative electrical and thermodynamic stress experienced by the battery cell during transient events. In this embodiment, its value is not a single parameter, but is comprehensively evaluated through a fusion algorithm. This algorithm includes at least time integration of the square of the instantaneous current and real-time coupling of the temperature rise rate inside or on the surface of the battery cell. For example, this fusion algorithm can be implemented as a normalized impact energy index. Its calculation formula or its discrete form can be defined as follows: ,in and These are weighting coefficients, calibrated based on experimental measurements of the thermal characteristics of semi-solid-state batteries, used to convert different physical dimensions into a unified risk index. For instantaneous current, The maximum rate of temperature rise detected. arrive The duration of the transient; this index Used to uniformly quantify the comprehensive thermo-electric stress borne by the cell during transients; when the current squared time integral... Exceeding a certain safety threshold, or When a certain danger threshold is exceeded, it indicates that the impact energy is approaching the physical limit of the battery cell;

[0068] Meanwhile, the BMS also continuously monitors key cell status data; the key cell status data specifically includes: the real-time highest single cell voltage, the real-time lowest single cell voltage, the real-time average cell temperature, and the real-time maximum temperature rise rate of each battery cluster that makes up the system.

[0069] The final output of this mode is to report these impact energies and cell status data to the system-level power reduction control module in real time, providing a basis for subsequent system-level decisions;

[0070] This embodiment fully reveals the core technical mechanism of the present invention, which shifts from passive isolation to active defense. By suppressing isolation, valuable operating time is gained for the system to absorb energy together. By utilizing the rate capability of semi-solid-state batteries as an absorption tool, a destructive electrical transient is transformed into an energy absorption event that the system can withstand. At the same time, through continuous monitoring and reporting, a data closed loop from the execution layer to the decision-making layer is realized, enabling the system to transition from stress response to controlled management. Example 5

[0071] The system-level power reduction control module issues the controllable power reduction command, specifically for:

[0072] Based on the impact energy, the cell status data, and the system SOH status, the minimum available power of the system is calculated in real time.

[0073] The system then issues the controllable power reduction command to all resilient fault-tolerant execution modules in the transient tolerance mode, causing the system to operate at the minimum available power.

[0074] In this embodiment, the decision-making logic of the system-level power reduction control module under non-extreme conditions is described in detail, namely, to perform controllable power reduction; the purpose is to ensure that after the system successfully withstands the first wave of impact, it can immediately and smoothly transition to a sustainable and absolutely safe derating operating point.

[0075] The processing logic of this module takes as input real-time impact energy and cell status data reported by all execution modules, as well as the system's own stored SOH status.

[0076] Its core logic is to calculate the minimum available power of the system in real time;

[0077] The minimum available power of the system is a dynamically calculated lower limit, the core purpose of which is to ensure a minimum power supply to prevent system crashes. The dynamic calculation logic for this value specifically includes the following steps:

[0078] The central BMS first determines a baseline safe power for the current state based on its stored system SOH status (e.g., SOH is 90%), combined with the real-time average cell temperature extracted from cell status data reported by all execution modules (e.g., 45°C), by performing a lookup or interpolation calculation in a preset power-SOH-temperature lookup table. ;

[0079] The central BMS bases its data on the reported impact energy, for example, as defined in Example 4. The index is calculated using a preset impact energy-derating factor mapping curve to derive a dynamic dereasing factor. ,in This factor reflects the degree of instantaneous damage or risk caused to the system by the shock;

[0080] System minimum availability power The final calculation is as follows: This calculation ensures that the output power takes into account both the system's long-term aging state (SOH) and current thermal state, as well as the real-time effects of transient shocks.

[0081] Its output is to issue a unified controllable power reduction command to all execution modules that are in transient tolerance mode, ordering them to uniformly reduce their output power to the calculated minimum available power.

[0082] Provided between Running and It provides a third resilient path beyond these two extreme and fragile options; it enables a soft landing in resilient fault tolerance, ensuring that after a severe shock, the system does not collapse, but smoothly transitions to a safe state that, although performance is degraded, remains usable, maximizing the continuity of critical loads. Example 6

[0083] The system-level power reduction control module issues the controlled degradation command for:

[0084] When the detected impact energy exceeds the preset system transient absorption threshold, a controlled degradation strategy is executed.

[0085] The controlled degradation strategy includes:

[0086] Perform asymmetric isolation, which commands a preset proportion of the elastic fault-tolerant execution module to perform isolation, disconnecting it from the DC bus;

[0087] It also executes forced online operation, which commands the remaining proportion of the elastic fault-tolerant execution modules to maintain online operation and cooperate with the PCS to perform power reduction operation.

[0088] This embodiment details the decision-making logic of the system-level power reduction control module under extreme conditions, namely, executing controlled degradation instructions. Its purpose is to implement a controlled degradation strategy when the impact energy is so great that even overall power reduction cannot guarantee safety. The design philosophy is to sacrifice some components to save the overall system, thus avoiding systemic damage. Fault;

[0089] The triggering logic of this strategy is: when the impact energy is detected to exceed the preset system transient absorption threshold;

[0090] The transient absorption threshold of this system is an absolute limit characterizing the physical safety capacity of the system. It is determined during the design phase based on rigorous finite element thermal simulation and destructive testing of the adiabatic thermal runaway characteristics of the selected semi-solid-state battery and the heat dissipation capacity of the entire system. This threshold is typically related to the thermal runaway initiation temperature of the cell material. It is linked to the system's ability to prevent thermal propagation and represents the maximum energy that the system can absorb without causing a chain reaction of thermal runaway;

[0091] Once triggered, the system will execute a controlled degradation strategy, which is pre-defined, asymmetric, and not panic-driven.

[0092] Performing asymmetric isolation: The module immediately commands a preset proportion of execution modules to perform isolation; the selection logic of this preset proportion is another innovation of the present invention: it is not randomly selected, but dynamically divided by the central BMS according to the SOH status reported by all modules; for example, modules with lower SOH are given priority to perform isolation, so that they are removed from the DC bus as sacrificial units; the purpose of these isolated modules is to protect themselves from further damage, and at the same time remove their load on the bus;

[0093] Forced online operation: At the same time, the module commands the remaining proportion of execution modules to maintain online operation; the purpose is to rely on these forced online units to cooperate with the PCS to perform power reduction operation and provide a minimum emergency power supply for critical loads.

[0094] It provides the system with an orderly and intelligent emergency plan to deal with the worst situation; it completely replaces the panic-driven complete isolation caused by all modules simultaneously hitting the protection threshold in the existing technology; through this precise combination of asymmetric isolation based on SOH state and forced online operation, the present invention achieves an intelligent controlled degradation: actively giving up a part of the capacity to maintain the continuous operation of another part of the capacity, thereby maximizing the preservation of system availability under extreme disasters.

[0095] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy storage system based on a semi-solid-state battery, characterized in that, include: A high-speed common-mode detection module is used to monitor the DC bus to identify common-mode electrical transients and generate transient characteristic signals; The collaborative defense instruction generation module is used to broadcast collaborative defense instructions to multiple resilient fault-tolerant execution modules via a high-speed communication bus based on the transient characteristic signal. The resilient fault-tolerant execution module is used to receive the cooperative defense command and execute the corresponding transient tolerance strategy to replace the conventional isolation logic; The system-level power reduction control module is used to calculate the minimum available power of the system during the execution of the transient tolerance strategy by the elastic fault-tolerant execution module, and to issue a controllable power reduction command or a controlled degradation command to the elastic fault-tolerant execution module, and simultaneously issue a matching power reduction command to the energy storage converter PCS. The high-speed common-mode detection module is specifically used for: The DC bus is monitored with a microsecond-level response speed using an independent high-speed voltage sensor or high-speed current sensor. The detected bus voltage spike is compared with a preset voltage spike threshold to identify the common-mode electrical transient. The resilient fault-tolerant execution module executes the transient tolerance strategy, including: Execute instantaneous isolation suppression, which is used to temporarily suppress the overvoltage protection isolation logic and overcurrent protection isolation logic preset by the elastic fault-tolerant execution module after receiving the cooperative defense instruction; The resilient fault-tolerant execution module executes the transient tolerance strategy, and further includes: Switch to transient tolerance mode to maintain the main circuit conduction so as to utilize the rate performance of the semi-solid battery to jointly absorb the transient energy introduced by the common-mode electrical transient. It continuously monitors the impact energy and cell status data, and reports the impact energy and cell status data to the system-level power reduction control module; The system-level power reduction control module issues the controllable power reduction command, specifically for: Based on the impact energy, the cell status data, and the system SOH status, the minimum available power of the system is calculated in real time. And issue the controllable power reduction command to all resilient fault-tolerant execution modules in the transient tolerance mode, so that the system is derated to the minimum availability power for operation; The system-level power reduction control module issues the controlled degradation command for: When the detected impact energy exceeds the preset system transient absorption threshold, a controlled degradation strategy is executed. The controlled degradation strategy includes: Perform asymmetric isolation, which commands a preset proportion of the elastic fault-tolerant execution module to perform isolation, disconnecting it from the DC bus; It also executes forced online operation, which commands the remaining proportion of the elastic fault-tolerant execution modules to maintain online operation and cooperate with the PCS to perform power reduction operation; The selection logic for this preset ratio is not random, but rather dynamically determined by the central BMS based on the SOH status reported by all modules.

2. The energy storage system based on a semi-solid-state battery according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-speed communication bus adopts either CAN-FD bus or EtherCAT bus.

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