Self-powered mining environment monitoring device based on hybrid mode generator

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mine monitoring, in particular to a self-powered mine environment monitoring device based on a mixed-mode generator, and mainly solves the technical problems that an existing mine monitoring device is high in maintenance cost, poor in flexibility and prominent in maintenance safety risk. The device comprises a rotating shaft, a friction generator and an electromagnetic generator are installed on the rotating shaft, the friction generator comprises an overhead friction nanometer generator and / or a side friction nanometer generator, and the friction generator and the electromagnetic generator are connected in parallel and then electrically connected with an environment sensor to supply power to the environment sensor. According to the device, energy collection of low-wind-speed and irregular airflow can be realized through the friction generator, and the problem that a traditional electromagnetic generator is difficult to start at a low speed is solved; continuous energy conversion at medium and high wind speeds can be achieved through the electromagnetic generator, and the defects that a friction generator is small in output current and low in power density are overcome. The cooperation of the two can efficiently capture the wind energy of the roadway, so that the traditional power supply is replaced by self-energy supply.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of mine monitoring technology, and in particular to a self-powered mine environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid mode generator. Background Technology

[0002] Mines, especially underground coal mines, are complex industrial environments characterized by high temperatures, high humidity, confined spaces, and the presence of various toxic and harmful gases. To ensure the safety of miners and the continuity of production, continuous, reliable, and accurate monitoring of ventilation conditions (wind speed) and air quality (such as the concentrations of gases like CO, NO2, and NH3) within the mine shafts is a fundamental technical guarantee for preventing major safety accidents such as poisoning, asphyxiation, fires, and explosions. An effective monitoring system can provide early warnings of ventilation system malfunctions and issue alarms at the initial stage of toxic gas accumulation, buying valuable time for personnel evacuation and emergency response.

[0003] Currently, mine environmental safety monitoring still mainly relies on traditional electrically driven sensors and supporting transmission systems. Wind speed monitoring primarily uses mechanical (including propeller-type and cup-type), differential pressure, or acoustically based ultrasonic anemometers, while gas monitoring mainly relies on electrochemical or semiconductor gas sensors. All of these monitoring devices share a core common problem—they require external power supply, and are generally powered by laying dedicated power cables. This power supply mode and monitoring scheme have several insurmountable drawbacks, specifically: First, high deployment and maintenance costs and poor flexibility. The complex environment of mine tunnels necessitates expensive construction work such as tunnel excavation and cable laying for new monitoring devices, making rapid deployment impossible. Subsequent adjustments to the monitoring points require repeated construction. Underground cables are easily damaged, leading to device malfunction and significant maintenance difficulties. Second, high maintenance costs and prominent safety risks. Traditional cable power supply is inherently reliable, but the underground environment is complex, making maintenance difficult after cable laying. Furthermore, some portable monitoring devices are battery powered. Underground battery replacement is restricted and cumbersome, and frequent replacements not only increase operating costs but also require manual entry into hazardous environments, posing safety risks to personnel. In addition, untimely replacement can easily lead to monitoring interruptions.

[0004] Furthermore, existing self-powered energy technologies face significant adaptation bottlenecks. Due to the uneven wind speed, variable flow direction, and low-frequency pulsation characteristics of wind flow in mine roadways, conventional energy harvesting (power generation) equipment cannot efficiently capture wind energy in the roadways, making it difficult to achieve stable self-powered energy. As a result, self-powered energy cannot currently replace the traditional power supply mode, further highlighting the limitations of traditional power supply.

[0005] In summary, existing mine monitoring devices employ traditional power supply methods. While cable power supply is inherently reliable, it suffers from high deployment and maintenance costs, poor flexibility, and significant maintenance safety risks. Furthermore, current energy harvesting technologies are ill-suited to the wind characteristics of mines, making it difficult to achieve self-powered operation and replace traditional power supplies. Therefore, developing a mine environmental monitoring device that is adapted to the mine environment and can efficiently harvest wind energy for self-powering is a critical challenge that urgently needs to be addressed in the field of mine safety monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the technical shortcomings of existing mine monitoring devices, such as high maintenance costs, poor flexibility, and significant maintenance safety risks, this invention provides a self-powered mine environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid mode generator.

[0007] The self-powered mining environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid mode generator provided by the present invention includes a vertically arranged rotating shaft, a wind cup installed at the top of the rotating shaft, an electromagnetic generator installed at the bottom of the rotating shaft, and a triboelectric generator located between the wind cup and the electromagnetic generator installed on the rotating shaft. The triboelectric generator includes a top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator and / or a side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0008] The top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator includes:

[0009] A stator plate, which is fixedly installed and penetrated by the rotating shaft, wherein the surface of the stator plate is perpendicular to the extension direction of the rotating shaft;

[0010] An array of electrodes is disposed on one surface of the stator plate and distributed circumferentially along the axis of rotation;

[0011] A rotor plate, which is fixed on the rotating shaft and parallel to the stator plate, is located on the same side of the stator plate as the array electrodes;

[0012] A first friction brush is disposed on the surface of the rotor plate facing the array electrode, and the first friction brush is in contact with the array electrode;

[0013] The side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator includes:

[0014] An interdigitated electrode is fixedly arranged and formed into a cylindrical structure. The interdigitated electrode is penetrated by the rotating shaft and is arranged coaxially with the rotating shaft.

[0015] The hub is fixed to the shaft.

[0016] A second friction brush is disposed at the radial outer end of the hub, and the second friction brush is in contact with the interdigitated electrode;

[0017] The electromagnetic generator includes:

[0018] A stator disk is fixedly installed and penetrated by the rotating shaft, with the disk surface perpendicular to the extension direction of the rotating shaft;

[0019] A hollow coil is embedded on one of the surfaces of the stator disk, and multiple hollow coils are provided and evenly distributed circumferentially along the axis of rotation;

[0020] A rotor disk, which is fixed on the rotating shaft and parallel to the stator disk, is located on the side of the stator disk where hollow coils are provided;

[0021] Permanent magnets are embedded in the rotor disk facing the hollow coil, and the permanent magnets are provided in multiple quantities and are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft;

[0022] The triboelectric generator and the electromagnetic generator are connected in parallel and electrically connected to an environmental sensor to supply power to the environmental sensor.

[0023] Furthermore, the self-powered mining environmental monitoring device also includes a cylindrical shell;

[0024] The stator plate is located above the rotor plate, and the stator plate is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft and fixed to the top of the cylindrical shell;

[0025] The interdigitated electrode is fixedly sleeved inside the cylindrical shell;

[0026] The stator disk is located below the rotor disk, and the stator disk is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft and fixed to the bottom end of the cylindrical shell.

[0027] Furthermore, the stator board is a PCB, the array electrode includes multiple sector electrode pairs, each sector electrode pair is composed of two adjacent and insulated sector copper foils, and the first friction brush is provided with multiple and arranged in one-to-one correspondence with the sector electrode pairs.

[0028] Furthermore, the stator plate is also provided with a first negatively charged triboelectric layer covering the array electrodes, and the first triboelectric brush is a flexible wool fiber brush.

[0029] Furthermore, the inner wall of the interdigital electrode is provided with a second negatively charged triboelectric layer, and the second triboelectric brush is a flexible velvet fiber brush.

[0030] Furthermore, both the first and second negatively charged triboelectric layers are fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer films pretreated with corona discharge, and the flexible velvet brush is a polycarbonate velvet brush.

[0031] Furthermore, the triboelectric generator is also connected to a current amplitude monitoring circuit, which is independently set up and used to measure the short-circuit current amplitude of the triboelectric generator to monitor the wind speed in real time. The environmental sensors include a gas sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor.

[0032] Furthermore, the self-powered mining environmental monitoring device also includes a composite power management circuit, which is electrically connected to the electromagnetic generator and the triboelectric generator respectively and is used to integrate the output current of the electromagnetic generator and the triboelectric generator to supply the load.

[0033] Furthermore, the composite power management circuit includes:

[0034] The first rectifier bridge has its input terminal electrically connected to the output terminal of the triboelectric generator.

[0035] A step-down unit includes a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), an inductor, and a freewheeling diode. The anode of the SCR is electrically connected to the positive output terminal of the first rectifier bridge, the cathode of the SCR is electrically connected to one end of the inductor, the cathode of the freewheeling diode is electrically connected to the cathode of the SCR, and the anode of the freewheeling diode is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the first rectifier bridge.

[0036] The second rectifier bridge has its input terminal electrically connected to the output terminal of the electromagnetic generator.

[0037] An energy storage unit includes an output capacitor, one end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the inductor, the other end of which is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the first rectifier bridge, and the two ends of which are electrically connected to the positive and negative output terminals of the second rectifier bridge, respectively. The two ends of the output capacitor are also used to electrically connect to the environmental sensor.

[0038] Furthermore, the composite power management circuit also includes:

[0039] An input capacitor, one end of which is electrically connected to the positive output terminal of the first rectifier bridge, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the first rectifier bridge;

[0040] The first Zener diode is connected in reverse parallel across the two ends of the thyristor;

[0041] The second Zener diode is connected in parallel across the output capacitor.

[0042] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art.

[0043] The self-powered mining environmental monitoring device provided by this invention mechanically couples a triboelectric generator and an electromagnetic generator through the same rotating shaft, achieving synchronous rotation driven by wind. This device utilizes the triboelectric generator to harvest energy from low-speed, irregular airflows, overcoming the difficulty of starting traditional electromagnetic generators at low speeds. The electromagnetic generator enables continuous energy conversion at medium to high wind speeds, compensating for the triboelectric generator's low output current and low power density. The combined operation of the two devices efficiently captures wind energy in the mine roadway, thus achieving self-powered operation to replace traditional power supply. This overcomes the shortcomings of existing mine monitoring devices, such as high maintenance costs, poor flexibility, and significant maintenance safety risks. Attached Figure Description

[0044] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

[0045] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0046] Figure 1 This is an exploded view of the self-powered mining environmental monitoring device in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0048] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electromagnetic generator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 5 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 6 A schematic diagram illustrating the principle of the side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 7 This diagram shows the short-circuit current output of the top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator at different rotational speeds in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0053] Figure 8 This diagram illustrates the circuit schematic of the composite power management circuit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0054] In the picture:

[0055] 11. Wind cup; 12. Shaft; 13. Shell; 21. Stator plate; 22. Array electrode; 23. First negatively charged triboelectric layer; 24. First friction brush; 25. Rotor plate; 31. Hub; 32. Second friction brush; 33. Second negatively charged triboelectric layer; 34. Interdigitated electrode; 41. Permanent magnet; 42. Rotor disk; 43. Hollow coil; 44. Stator disk. Detailed Implementation

[0056] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the solutions of the present invention will be further described below. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other.

[0057] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention, but the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments.

[0058] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 8 Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0059] This embodiment provides a self-powered mining environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid mode generator, including a vertically arranged rotating shaft 12, a wind cup 11 installed at the top of the rotating shaft 12, an electromagnetic generator installed at the bottom of the rotating shaft 12, and a triboelectric generator installed on the rotating shaft 12 between the wind cup 11 and the electromagnetic generator. The triboelectric generator includes a top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator and / or a side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator. The triboelectric generator and the electromagnetic generator are connected in parallel and electrically connected to an environmental sensor to supply power to the environmental sensor.

[0060] Specifically, in this embodiment, three air cups 11 are provided and fixed to the top of the rotating shaft 12 by horizontally arranged connecting rods. The three air cups 11 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft 12 to efficiently capture airflow in all directions in the mine roadway. In other embodiments, four or more air cups 11 may also be provided and can be fixed to the rotating shaft 12 by other structures such as ring brackets.

[0061] It should be noted that the triboelectric generator may consist of only a top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator, only a side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator, or both. The triboelectric generator in this embodiment is one that simultaneously incorporates both a top-mounted and a side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0062] The following is a detailed introduction to the top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0063] The top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator includes a stator plate 21, an array electrode 22, a rotor plate 25, and a first friction brush 24. The stator plate 21 is fixedly disposed and penetrated by a rotating shaft 12, with the plate surface of the stator plate 21 perpendicular to the extension direction of the rotating shaft 12. The array electrode 22 is disposed on one plate surface of the stator plate 21 and distributed circumferentially along the rotating shaft 12. The rotor plate 25 is fixed on the rotating shaft 12 and parallel to the stator plate 21, with the rotor plate 25 and the array electrode 22 located on the same side of the stator plate 21. The first friction brush 24 is disposed on the plate surface of the rotor plate 25 facing the array electrode 22, and the first friction brush 24 is in contact with the array electrode 22.

[0064] It is easy to understand that the stator plate 21 can be fixed by direct fixing: using fasteners or other connectors to fix the stator plate 21; or by indirect fixing: fixing the stator plate 21 to an external component, and then fixing the external component to fix the stator plate 21. This embodiment uses indirect fixing: adding a cylindrical shell 13, and positioning the stator plate 21 above the rotor plate 25, with the stator plate 21 coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 12 and fixed to the top of the cylindrical shell 13. Thus, as long as the cylindrical shell 13 is fixed, the stator plate 21 can be fixed.

[0065] Specifically, in this embodiment, the stator plate 21 is a circular printed circuit board (PCB) with a diameter of 150mm. The PCB can be fixed to the top of the cylindrical shell 13 by means of a stop fit or other methods. Since the stator plate 21 is fixedly installed and penetrated by the rotating shaft 12, and the rotating shaft 12 is in a movable state, a bearing can be installed between the stator plate 21 and the rotating shaft 12. The bearing can not only improve the structural stability, but also ensure the coaxiality of the rotation of the rotating shaft 12.

[0066] Specifically, the array electrode 22 in this embodiment includes multiple sector electrode pairs, each sector electrode pair consisting of two adjacent and insulated sector copper foils. Figure 2 The array electrode 22 shown has three sector electrode pairs. The sector electrode pairs are processed on the surface of the PCB by photolithography and etching. The two sector copper foils of each sector electrode pair are insulated from each other. The central angle covered by each sector copper foil is 60°, so that the PCB surface is divided into six electrically isolated sector functional areas.

[0067] Specifically, in this embodiment, the rotor plate 25 is a circular acrylic plate, which is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft 12. In other embodiments, the rotor plate 25 may also be made of PC board or other rigid board.

[0068] Specifically, in this embodiment, the first friction brush 24 is provided in multiple ways and is arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the fan-shaped electrode pairs. Figure 2The diagram shows three first friction brushes 24, which are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft 12. The first friction brushes 24 are attached to the surface of the rotor plate 25. The first friction brushes 24 are fan-shaped, with an outer diameter of 150 mm and the outer arc aligned with the outer edge of the rotor plate 25, and an inner diameter of 20 mm.

[0069] In this embodiment, the top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator also has a first negatively charged triboelectric dielectric layer 23 covering the array electrodes 22 on the stator plate 21, and the first triboelectric brush 24 is a flexible velvet fiber brush. The first negatively charged triboelectric dielectric layer 23 is a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer film pretreated with corona discharge, and the flexible velvet fiber brush is a polycarbonate velvet fiber brush.

[0070] The power generation principle of the top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator is as follows.

[0071] When external wind drives the shaft 12 to rotate, the shaft 12 drives the rotor plate 25 to rotate, causing the three polycarbonate fiber brushes on the rotor plate 25 to contact the fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer film while simultaneously passing through six sector-shaped copper foils. At the moment of contact, due to the difference in position between the two materials in the triboelectric sequence, the polycarbonate tends to be positively charged, while the fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer tends to be negatively charged, resulting in charge transfer between the two. After separation, the surface of the fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer retains a stable negative charge. As the rotor continues to move, the position of the charged polycarbonate fiber brushes relative to the fixed sector-shaped copper foils changes, inducing a periodic potential difference between the three sector electrode pairs according to the principle of electrostatic induction, thereby generating an alternating pulse current through an external circuit.

[0072] Figure 5 The process is illustrated in four states, i to iv: In state i, the polycarbonate fiber brush faces the left sector of the copper foil of the sector electrode pair. Due to electrostatic induction, the region of the fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer film corresponding to the left sector copper foil generates a negative charge to balance the positive charge on the polycarbonate fiber brush. As the polycarbonate fiber brush rotates counterclockwise relative to the sector copper foil, as shown in state ii, the negative polarization intensity of the left sector copper foil gradually decreases, while the negative polarization intensity of the right sector copper foil gradually increases. Free electrons are redistributed from the left sector copper foil to the right sector copper foil through an external circuit until the right sector copper foil and the polycarbonate fiber brush reach the equilibrium state shown in state iii, at which point a current pulse is generated. When the polycarbonate fiber brush rotates further counterclockwise relative to the sector copper foil and passes through the right sector copper foil, free electrons flow back to the left sector copper foil, generating a reverse current pulse. In subsequent rotations, the next polycarbonate fiber brush will pass through the sector electrode pair and continue the above cycle, thereby generating an alternating pulse current.

[0073] The following is a detailed introduction to the side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator.

[0074] The side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator includes an interdigitated electrode 34, a hub 31, and a second friction brush 32. The interdigitated electrode 34 is fixedly arranged and forms a cylindrical structure. The interdigitated electrode 34 is penetrated by a rotating shaft 12 and is arranged coaxially with the rotating shaft 12. The hub 31 is fixed on the rotating shaft 12. The second friction brush 32 is located at the radial outer end of the hub 31 and is in contact with the interdigitated electrode 34.

[0075] It is easy to understand that the interdigital electrode 34 can be fixed by direct fixing: using fasteners or other connectors to fix the interdigital electrode 34; or by indirect fixing: fixing the interdigital electrode 34 to an external component, and then fixing the external component to fix the interdigital electrode 34. This embodiment uses indirect fixing: adding a cylindrical shell 13, and fixing the interdigital electrode 34 inside the cylindrical shell 13. Thus, as long as the cylindrical shell 13 is fixed, the interdigital electrode 34 can be fixed.

[0076] Specifically, the interdigital electrode 34 in this embodiment includes multiple interdigital pairs, each of which consists of a downward-extending positive interdigital finger and an upward-extending negative interdigital finger, with gaps between adjacent interdigital fingers. Figure 3 The interdigitated electrode 34 shown has three interdigitated pairs. The interdigitated electrode 34 is made of conductive copper foil tape by ultraviolet laser cutting process, and the interdigitated electrode 34 is led to the outside through wires. In other embodiments, the interdigitated electrode 34 may also have four or more interdigitated pairs.

[0077] Specifically, the hub 31 in this embodiment includes a vertical cylinder, wing plates, and mounting arc plates. The vertical cylinder is located at the center of the hub 31 and is used to insert the rotating shaft 12. There are three wing plates and three corresponding mounting arc plates. The wing plates are connected between the vertical cylinder and the corresponding mounting arc plates. The mounting arc plates are used to install the second friction brush 32. The hub 31 is integrally formed using photopolymer 3D printing technology, and the material is high-strength photosensitive resin.

[0078] Specifically, in this embodiment, three second friction brushes 32 are provided and respectively mounted on three mounting arc plates. The number of second friction brushes 32 should correspond one-to-one with the interdigitated fingers.

[0079] The side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator in this embodiment also has a second negatively charged triboelectric layer 33 on the inner wall of the interdigitated electrode 34, and the second triboelectric brush 32 is a flexible velvet fiber brush. The second negatively charged triboelectric layer 33 is a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer film pretreated with corona discharge, and the flexible velvet fiber brush is a polycarbonate velvet fiber brush.

[0080] In this embodiment, both the first negatively charged triboelectric layer 23 and the second negatively charged triboelectric layer 33 are made of fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer film pretreated with corona discharge, and the flexible fiber brush is made of polycarbonate fiber brush. A soft contact is formed between the fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer film and the polycarbonate fiber brush, which ensures effective triboelectric charging while significantly reducing wear resistance and material loss. The thickness of the fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer film is preferably 20 μm to 100 μm, and the length of a single fiber is preferably 5 mm to 15 mm.

[0081] The power generation principle of the side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator is similar to that of the top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator, and will not be elaborated here.

[0082] The triboelectric generator in this embodiment is also connected to a current amplitude monitoring circuit. The current amplitude monitoring circuit is set independently and is used to measure the short-circuit current amplitude of the triboelectric generator to monitor the wind speed in real time. The environmental sensors include a gas sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor.

[0083] The following experiment demonstrates the relationship between the short-circuit current of the triboelectric nanogenerator and the rotational speed of the shaft 12, using the top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator as an example.

[0084] It is easy to understand that wind speed and the rotation speed of shaft 12 are positively correlated. The greater the wind speed, the greater the rotation speed of shaft 12. Therefore, the relationship between short-circuit current and rotation speed of shaft 12 can reflect the electrical output response of the triboelectric generator under different wind speed conditions. This allows for the establishment of a quantitative relationship model between wind speed and electrical signal, thereby enabling continuous real-time monitoring of wind speed in the mine environment.

[0085] This verification experiment requires removing the wind cup 11 from the device and directly connecting the top of the rotating shaft 12 to the output shaft of the servo motor. By precisely setting the rotational speed of the servo motor, the actual rotational motion of the triboelectric generator under different wind speeds can be simulated with high fidelity. In this verification experiment, the rotational speeds of the servo motor (the rotational speed of the rotating shaft 12 is equal to the rotational speed of the servo motor) were set to 30 rpm, 60 rpm, 90 rpm, 120 rpm, and 150 rpm. The measured short-circuit current of the top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator is as follows: Figure 7 As shown.

[0086] from Figure 7 The following conclusions can be drawn: Within the speed range of 30 rpm to 150 rpm, the short-circuit current output of the top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator exhibits a significant speed-dependent characteristic. Specifically, as the speed increases, the frequency of the "contact-separation" cycle at the friction interface increases synchronously per unit time, and the periodic fluctuation amplitude of the short-circuit current monotonically increases. This verifies the positive correlation response mechanism between wind speed and electrical output amplitude of the triboelectric generator. Therefore, real-time monitoring of the short-circuit current amplitude of the triboelectric generator can be used to determine real-time wind speed.

[0087] The side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator follows the same electrostatic induction and rotational speed correlation principle as the top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator. The short-circuit current of the side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator can be measured simultaneously and independently to provide effective wind speed data.

[0088] This embodiment monitors wind speed in real time using the short-circuit current of a triboelectric generator, eliminating the need for a wind speed sensor and allowing only gas sensors, temperature and humidity sensors, etc., to be used for environmental monitoring. The gas sensor can be an electrolyte-type sensor, including but not limited to CO, NO2, and NH3 sensors; the temperature and humidity sensor can be a digital sensor.

[0089] The electromagnetic generator will be described in detail below.

[0090] The electromagnetic generator includes a stator disk 44, hollow coils 43, a rotor disk 42, and permanent magnets 41. The stator disk 44 is fixedly installed and penetrated by a rotating shaft 12, with the disk surface of the stator disk 44 perpendicular to the extension direction of the rotating shaft 12. The hollow coils 43 are embedded on one disk surface of the stator disk 44, and multiple hollow coils 43 are provided and evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft 12. The rotor disk 42 is fixed on the rotating shaft 12 and parallel to the stator disk 44, with the rotor disk 42 located on the side of the stator disk 44 where the hollow coils 43 are located. The permanent magnets 41 are embedded on the disk surface of the rotor disk 42 facing the hollow coils 43, and multiple permanent magnets 41 are provided and evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft 12.

[0091] It is easy to understand that the stator disk 44 can be fixed by direct fixing: using fasteners or other connectors to fix the stator disk 44; or by indirect fixing: fixing the stator disk 44 to an external component, and then fixing the external component to fix the stator disk 44. This embodiment uses indirect fixing: adding a cylindrical shell 13, and positioning the stator disk 44 below the rotor disk 42, with the stator disk 44 coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft 12 and fixed to the bottom end of the cylindrical shell 13. Thus, as long as the cylindrical shell 13 is fixed, the stator disk 44 can be fixed.

[0092] Specifically, in this embodiment, both the stator disk 44 and the rotor disk 42 are circular acrylic sheets. A bearing is installed between the stator disk 44 and the rotating shaft 12, and the rotor disk 42 is fixedly sleeved on the rotating shaft 12. As a non-magnetic support, the acrylic sheet has minimal interference with the magnetic field distribution. In other embodiments, the stator disk 44 and the rotor disk 42 may also be made of PC board or other cardboard.

[0093] Specifically, in this embodiment, mounting grooves are provided on both opposing surfaces of the stator disk 44 and the rotor disk 42. The permanent magnet 41 is glued into the corresponding mounting groove, and the hollow coil 43 is embedded and fixed into the corresponding mounting groove. The size of the mounting groove is not limited; for example… Figure 4The mounting slots shown are 25mm × 50mm in size for mounting the stator coils and 20mm × 40mm in size for mounting the electromagnets. The number of permanent magnets 41 and stator coils is not limited; for example… Figure 4 The permanent magnets 41 and stator coils shown are all provided in six parts, and are all evenly distributed circumferentially. The polarity direction of the six permanent magnets 41 should be consistent, that is, the N pole of all permanent magnets 41 faces radially outward and the S pole faces radially inward. This circumferential arrangement of the same polarity can provide a denser and higher rate of change of magnetic flux cutting for the hollow coil 43 under a specific air gap, thereby improving the induced electromotive force; the axial distance between the stator disk 44 and the rotor disk 42 forms this specific air gap, which ranges from 5 mm to 15 mm.

[0094] The power generation principle of an electromagnetic generator is as follows.

[0095] When external wind drives the shaft 12 to rotate, the shaft 12 drives the rotor disk 42 to rotate, causing the six permanent magnets 41 located on the rotor disk 42 to rotate synchronously. The stationary hollow coils 43 thus cut the magnetic field generated by the rotating permanent magnets 41 and change periodically in space, causing the magnetic flux passing through each hollow coil 43 to change sinusoidally. According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, an alternating voltage is induced across each hollow coil 43.

[0096] Figure 6 The process is illustrated in four states, i to iv: In state i, the hollow coil 43 is located between the two permanent magnets 41, the magnetic flux remains constant, and therefore the induced current is zero; as the permanent magnets 41 rotate, the separation distance between the hollow coil 43 and the permanent magnets 41 decreases, the magnetic flux in the hollow coil 43 increases, generating the induced current shown in state ii; as the permanent magnets 41 continue to rotate, the separation distance between the hollow coil 43 and the permanent magnets 41 increases, the magnetic flux in the hollow coil 43 decreases, generating the reverse induced current shown in state iii; when the permanent magnets 41 continue to rotate to their furthest position, as shown in state iv, the conduction current becomes zero. Through this periodic rotational motion, the electromagnetic generator can produce continuous alternating current output.

[0097] It should be noted that in this embodiment, by adding a cylindrical shell 13 and placing the top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator, the side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator, and the electromagnetic generator inside the cylindrical shell 13, with only the top of the rotating shaft 12 and the wind cup 11 outside the cylindrical shell 13, the encapsulation structure formed can protect the precision structure inside the cylindrical shell 13 from the effects of mine dust, moisture, and mechanical impact.

[0098] In addition, to overcome the shortcomings of high output impedance and low charging efficiency of triboelectric generators, and to achieve efficient collaborative management and storage of energy with different output characteristics of triboelectric generators and electromagnetic generators, the self-powered mining environmental monitoring device in this embodiment is also equipped with a composite power management circuit. The composite power management circuit is electrically connected to the electromagnetic generator and the triboelectric generator respectively and is used to integrate the output current of the electromagnetic generator and the triboelectric generator and supply it to the load.

[0099] Specifically, such as Figure 8 As shown, the composite power management circuit of this embodiment includes a first rectifier bridge RB1, a step-down unit, a second rectifier bridge RB2, and an energy storage unit. The input terminal of the first rectifier bridge RB1 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the triboelectric generator. The step-down unit includes a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), an inductor L, and a freewheeling diode D2. The anode of the SCR is electrically connected to the positive output terminal of the first rectifier bridge RB1, the cathode of the SCR is electrically connected to one end of the inductor L, the cathode of the freewheeling diode D2 is electrically connected to the cathode of the SCR, and the anode of the freewheeling diode D2 is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the first rectifier bridge RB1. The input terminal of the second rectifier bridge RB2 is electrically connected to the output terminal of the triboelectric generator. The energy storage unit includes an output capacitor C. out Output capacitor C out One end of the capacitor is electrically connected to the other end of the inductor L, and the output capacitor C is... out The other end is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the first rectifier bridge RB1, and the output capacitor C out The two ends are electrically connected to the positive and negative output terminals of the second rectifier bridge RB2, respectively, and the output capacitor C out Both ends are also used for electrical connection to environmental sensors. The first rectifier bridge RB1 is used to convert the alternating pulse current output by the triboelectric generator into direct current. With the impedance matching and voltage regulation of the step-down unit, the high voltage and low current AC power of the triboelectric generator can be converted into low voltage and high current DC power suitable for storage, effectively improving charging efficiency. The second rectifier bridge RB2 is used to convert the AC power output by the electromagnetic generator into direct current. The energy storage unit is used to store electrical energy and provide continuous and stable power to the load.

[0100] It should be noted that, since the self-powered mining environmental monitoring device in this embodiment is equipped with both a top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator and a side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator, the top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator and the side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator need to be connected in parallel before being input to the first rectifier bridge RB1 for rectification.

[0101] The composite power management circuit in this embodiment also includes an input capacitor C. in First Zener diode D1 and second Zener diode D3; input capacitor C in One end is electrically connected to the positive output terminal of the first rectifier bridge RB1, and the input capacitor C inThe other end is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the first rectifier bridge RB1; the first Zener diode D1 is connected in reverse parallel across the two ends of the silicon controlled rectifier SCR; the second Zener diode D3 is connected in parallel across the output capacitor C. out The two ends. Input capacitor C in The first Zener diode D1 is used to smooth the voltage after rectification and improve the stability of the SCR input; the second Zener diode D3 is used to absorb the overvoltage spike when the SCR is turned off and protect the SCR; the third Zener diode D3 is used to clamp the output voltage and prevent overvoltage damage to the load.

[0102] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present invention. Although detailed descriptions have been provided with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments, and they should all be covered within the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A self-powered mining environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid-mode generator, characterized in that, It includes a vertically arranged rotating shaft (12), a wind cup (11) is installed at the top of the rotating shaft (12), an electromagnetic generator is installed at the bottom of the rotating shaft (12), and a triboelectric generator is also installed on the rotating shaft (12) between the wind cup (11) and the electromagnetic generator. The triboelectric generator includes a top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator and / or a side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator. The top-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator includes: A stator plate (21) is fixedly installed and penetrated by the rotating shaft (12), and the surface of the stator plate (21) is perpendicular to the extension direction of the rotating shaft (12); An array of electrodes (22) is disposed on one surface of the stator plate (21) and distributed circumferentially along the axis of rotation (12); The rotor plate (25) is fixed on the rotating shaft (12) and parallel to the stator plate (21). The rotor plate (25) and the array electrode (22) are located on the same side of the stator plate (21). A first friction brush (24) is disposed on the surface of the rotor plate (25) facing the array electrode (22), and the first friction brush (24) is in contact with the array electrode (22); The side-mounted triboelectric nanogenerator includes: Interdigitated electrodes (34) are fixedly arranged and form a cylindrical structure. The interdigitated electrodes (34) are penetrated by the rotating shaft (12) and are arranged coaxially with the rotating shaft (12). The hub (31) is fixed to the shaft (12); The second friction brush (32) is disposed at the radial outer end of the hub (31), and the second friction brush (32) is in contact with the interdigitated electrode (34); The electromagnetic generator includes: A stator disk (44) is fixedly installed and penetrated by the rotating shaft (12), and the disk surface of the stator disk (44) is perpendicular to the extension direction of the rotating shaft (12); Hollow coil (43) is embedded on one of the surfaces of the stator disk (44), and multiple hollow coils (43) are provided and evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft (12); The rotor disk (42) is fixed on the rotating shaft (12) and parallel to the stator disk (44). The rotor disk (42) is located on the side of the stator disk (44) where the hollow coil (43) is provided. Permanent magnets (41) are embedded in the rotor disk (42) facing the hollow coil (43), and there are multiple permanent magnets (41) evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotating shaft (12); The triboelectric generator and the electromagnetic generator are connected in parallel and electrically connected to an environmental sensor (ES) to supply power to the environmental sensor.

2. The self-powered mining environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid-mode generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the cylindrical shell (13); The stator plate (21) is located above the rotor plate (25), and the stator plate (21) is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft (12) and fixed to the top of the cylindrical shell (13); The interdigitated electrode (34) is fixedly sleeved inside the cylindrical shell (13); The stator disk (44) is located below the rotor disk (42), and the stator disk (44) is coaxially arranged with the rotating shaft (12) and fixed at the bottom end of the cylindrical shell (13).

3. The self-powered mining environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid-mode generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The stator plate (21) is a PCB, and the array electrode (22) includes multiple sector electrode pairs. Each sector electrode pair consists of two adjacent and insulated sector copper foils. The first friction brush (24) is provided with multiple sector electrode pairs and is arranged one-to-one with the sector electrode pairs.

4. The self-powered mining environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid-mode generator according to claim 3, characterized in that, The stator plate (21) is also provided with a first negatively charged triboelectric layer (23) covering the array electrode (22), and the first triboelectric brush (24) is a flexible wool fiber brush.

5. The self-powered mining environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid-mode generator according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner wall of the interdigitated electrode (34) is provided with a second negatively charged triboelectric layer (33), and the second triboelectric brush (32) is a flexible velvet fiber brush.

6. The self-powered mining environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid-mode generator according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first negatively charged triboelectric layer (23) and the second negatively charged triboelectric layer (33) are both fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer films pretreated with corona discharge, and the flexible velvet brush is a polycarbonate velvet brush.

7. The self-powered mining environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid-mode generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, The triboelectric generator is also connected to a current amplitude monitoring circuit, which is independently set up and used to measure the short-circuit current amplitude of the triboelectric generator to monitor the wind speed in real time. The environmental sensors include a gas sensor and a temperature and humidity sensor.

8. The self-powered mining environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid-mode generator according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a composite power management circuit, which is electrically connected to the electromagnetic generator and the triboelectric generator respectively and is used to integrate the output current of the electromagnetic generator and the triboelectric generator and supply it to the load.

9. The self-powered mining environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid mode generator according to claim 8, characterized in that, The composite power management circuit includes: The first rectifier bridge has its input terminal electrically connected to the output terminal of the triboelectric generator. A step-down unit includes a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR), an inductor, and a freewheeling diode. The anode of the SCR is electrically connected to the positive output terminal of the first rectifier bridge, the cathode of the SCR is electrically connected to one end of the inductor, the cathode of the freewheeling diode is electrically connected to the cathode of the SCR, and the anode of the freewheeling diode is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the first rectifier bridge. The second rectifier bridge has its input terminal electrically connected to the output terminal of the electromagnetic generator. An energy storage unit includes an output capacitor, one end of which is electrically connected to the other end of the inductor, the other end of which is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the first rectifier bridge, and the two ends of which are electrically connected to the positive and negative output terminals of the second rectifier bridge, respectively. The two ends of the output capacitor are also used to electrically connect to the environmental sensor.

10. The self-powered mining environmental monitoring device based on a hybrid-mode generator according to claim 9, characterized in that, The composite power management circuit also includes: An input capacitor, one end of which is electrically connected to the positive output terminal of the first rectifier bridge, and the other end of which is electrically connected to the negative output terminal of the first rectifier bridge; The first Zener diode is connected in reverse parallel across the two ends of the thyristor; The second Zener diode is connected in parallel across the output capacitor.

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