Coastal hydrological monitoring integrated control system and method for buoy

Abstract

The invention discloses a coastal hydrological monitoring integrated control system and method for buoys, and relates to the field of water transportation engineering surveying and mapping, and the system comprises a service management module which is used for carrying out the initialization configuration and dynamic updating of the system service, and is used for awakening a marine hydrological sensor for data collection according to a collection task scheduling plan; the communication module is used for transmitting the multi-source heterogeneous acquisition data flow by adopting different communication modes; the protocol decoupling module is used for performing protocol decoupling on the multi-source heterogeneous acquisition data flow to obtain a standardized acquisition data frame; the data management module is used for performing data inspection, cleaning and feature extraction on the acquired data frames, generating processed data and storing the processed data; and the protocol decoupling module is also used for packaging the processed data according to a preset target protocol rule to obtain a result data stream, and the result data stream is sent to a shore-based data center by the communication module. The architecture is flexible and extensible, data processing is compliant, and remote operation and maintenance are efficient.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of waterway engineering surveying, and in particular to an integrated control system and method for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys. Background Technology

[0002] For a long time, coastal hydrological monitoring has been a crucial prerequisite for the construction and maintenance of waterway infrastructure, navigation safety, and disaster prevention and mitigation. It has formed a three-dimensional monitoring system comprised of fixed monitoring stations, monitoring buoys, and survey vessels. With the iteration of sensor and communication technologies, the monitoring mode has shifted from traditional manual monitoring to automated monitoring, and is rapidly evolving towards integrated intelligent monitoring. Currently, the demands for diversified, refined, and real-time coastal hydrological monitoring elements continue to increase, and the volume of monitoring data is growing exponentially, posing systemic challenges to data acquisition coordination, transmission timeliness, processing accuracy, and storage reliability.

[0003] Compared to fixed monitoring stations and survey vessels, multi-functional monitoring buoys, with their flexible deployment, long-term unmanned operation, and strong adaptability to harsh environments, have become the core carrier for multi-element monitoring of coastal hydrology. Although existing technologies have achieved near real-time data transmission based on buoy monitoring, several challenges remain in integrated control of hydrological monitoring: First, insufficient compatibility among multiple sensors; significant differences exist between different equipment manufacturers in data protocols and interface standards, leading to underlying compatibility barriers in physical layer interface adaptation and decoupling of multi-protocol systems. Second, insufficient transparency in data preprocessing; preprocessing algorithms are encapsulated in a "black box," and data quality lacks quantifiable evaluation standards, making it difficult to guarantee the accuracy, compliance, and reliability of monitoring data. Third, limited remote operation and maintenance capabilities; existing systems generally cannot achieve remote sensor configuration, parameter optimization, and fault diagnosis, relying on on-site operations, which are inefficient and costly, directly affecting the long-term stable operation of the monitoring system. These problems, combined, prevent the full realization of the monitoring effectiveness of multi-functional buoys, severely restricting the in-depth application of coastal hydrological prototype monitoring data in the waterway transportation sector. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide an integrated control system and method for coastal hydrological monitoring using buoys. This system can solve the problems of sensor adaptation limitations, black box data processing, and high offshore operation and maintenance costs in existing buoy systems. It features flexible and scalable architecture, compliant and reliable data processing, and efficient remote operation and maintenance. It can be widely used in coastal waterway engineering surveying, navigation safety assurance, and other scenarios, providing key technical support for the construction of smart waterways.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solution: In a first aspect, this application provides an integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys, comprising: The service management module is used to initialize and dynamically update system services, and to wake up marine hydrological sensors to collect data according to the data acquisition task scheduling plan, so as to obtain multi-source heterogeneous data streams. A communication module, connected to the service management module, is used to transmit multi-source heterogeneous data streams using different communication methods; The protocol decoupling module, connected to the communication module, is used to decouple the multi-source heterogeneous acquisition data streams according to the protocol to obtain standardized acquisition data frames. The data management module, connected to the protocol decoupling module, is used to perform data inspection, cleaning, and feature extraction on the collected data frames, generate processed data, and store the processed data. The protocol decoupling module is also used to encapsulate the processed data according to the preset target protocol rules to obtain the result data stream; the result data stream is sent to the shore-based data center by the communication module.

[0006] Secondly, this application provides a coastal hydrological monitoring method based on the aforementioned integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys, comprising: According to the data acquisition task scheduling plan, the marine hydrological sensor is activated to acquire data, resulting in a multi-source heterogeneous data stream. Protocol decoupling is performed on multi-source heterogeneous data streams to obtain standardized data frames; The collected data frames are inspected, cleaned, and feature-extracted to generate processed data. The processed data is encapsulated to obtain a result data stream, which is then sent to the shore-based data center.

[0007] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application has the following technical effects: (1) Solving the problem of insufficient compatibility of multiple sensors and improving system integration capabilities: By introducing a protocol decoupling module, the multi-source heterogeneous data streams generated by marine hydrological sensors from different manufacturers and using heterogeneous communication methods are uniformly decoupled and converted into standardized data frames. This design effectively overcomes the underlying compatibility obstacles caused by inconsistent physical interfaces and proprietary protocols in the existing technology, realizes plug-and-play and collaborative acquisition of multi-source heterogeneous sensors, and significantly enhances the buoy platform's integrated monitoring capabilities for multiple hydrological elements (such as tide level, current velocity, salinity, waves, etc.). (2) Enhance the transparency and credibility of data preprocessing to ensure data quality: The data management module performs traceable and configurable preprocessing processes such as data inspection, cleaning, and feature extraction on the decoupled data frames, replacing the traditional "black box" algorithm encapsulation. This mechanism makes the data processing process transparent, quantifiable, and auditable, and can evaluate the credibility of the data based on preset quality indicators (such as completeness, consistency, outlier ratio, etc.), thereby ensuring the accuracy, compliance, and engineering usability of the output data, and providing a highly credible foundation for subsequent hydrological analysis and decision-making; (3) Enhance remote operation and maintenance and dynamic control capabilities to improve the long-term stability of the system: The service management module supports the dynamic wake-up of sensors according to the data collection task scheduling plan, and can cooperate with shore-based commands to realize remote configuration, parameter update and task scheduling of sensors. Combined with the multi-mode communication capability of the communication module, the system can complete equipment status monitoring, fault warning and strategy optimization under unattended conditions, greatly reduce the frequency and cost of on-site operation and maintenance, and significantly improve the autonomous operation capability, response flexibility and long-term reliability of the buoy monitoring system; (4) Optimize data transmission efficiency and standardization to support smart hydrological applications: After data preprocessing, the protocol decoupling module further standardizes and encapsulates the processed data according to preset target protocol rules, generating a consistent and semantically clear result data stream. This mechanism not only improves the aggregation and parsing efficiency of the shore-based data center for multi-buoy data, but also provides a high-quality, timely, and highly compatible data foundation for subsequent smart hydrological applications such as big data analysis, intelligent early warning, and digital twins. Attached Figure Description

[0008] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0009] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of functional modules of an integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is an architecture diagram of an integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys, provided as an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0010] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0011] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this application more apparent and understandable, the application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0012] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, an integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring using buoys is provided, comprising the following modules: [List of modules would be inserted here] The service management module is used to initialize and dynamically update system services, and to wake up marine hydrological sensors to collect data according to the data acquisition task scheduling plan, thereby obtaining multi-source heterogeneous data streams.

[0013] The communication module, connected to the service management module, is used to transmit multi-source heterogeneous data streams using different communication methods. The communication module establishes physical connections with various marine hydrological sensors and external communication terminals through physical communication interfaces (serial communication interface and network communication interface).

[0014] The protocol decoupling module, connected to the communication module, is used to decouple the multi-source heterogeneous data streams according to protocols to obtain standardized data frames.

[0015] The data management module, connected to the protocol decoupling module, is used to perform data inspection, cleaning, and feature extraction on the collected data frames, generate processed data, and store the processed data.

[0016] The protocol decoupling module is also used to encapsulate the processed data according to the preset target protocol rules to obtain the result data stream; the result data stream is sent to the shore-based data center by the communication module.

[0017] This application systematically addresses the core pain points of existing coastal multi-functional monitoring buoys, such as difficulty in multi-sensor compatibility, uncontrollable data quality, weak remote operation and maintenance capabilities, and inconsistent data standards, through a collaborative architecture of four modules: "service management, communication, protocol decoupling, and data management." It achieves integrated hydrological monitoring and control with high compatibility, high transparency, high reliability, and high intelligence, significantly improving the buoy monitoring efficiency and its in-depth application value in waterway engineering, navigation safety, and disaster prevention and mitigation.

[0018] In one specific embodiment, the service management module includes a service configuration unit and a service scheduling unit.

[0019] (1) Service configuration unit, used to complete the system service initialization configuration according to the acquisition task scheduling plan, and monitor the dynamic update of the acquisition task scheduling plan in real time during operation, and realize the system service configuration takes effect immediately through the hot reload mechanism.

[0020] The service configuration unit configures system services through a graphical interface and a command window.

[0021] The graphical interface provides visualized configuration of basic sensor function parameters, communication links, relay control, and positioning services; the command window also supports full parameter configuration of the sensor, enabling remote sensor parameter optimization and configuration updates, while reserving an extension interface for adding new sensor commands, which greatly improves the system's flexibility and scalability in adapting to monitoring needs in multiple scenarios, and enhances the remote operation and maintenance capabilities of multi-functional buoys under offshore conditions.

[0022] The basic parameters of a sensor mainly refer to the sampling interval, acquisition time, and transmission time; the full parameters of a sensor also include system time, center of gravity offset, data storage strategy, and operating mode.

[0023] (2) Service scheduling unit, which is used to coordinate the timing triggering mechanism and the heartbeat detection mechanism to control the operating status of system services.

[0024] The service scheduling module is used for system service scheduling and management. It adopts a time-triggered scheduling mechanism to call system services according to a preset time sequence; at the same time, it adopts a heartbeat detection mechanism to ensure that the system services are always in good condition.

[0025] System services include sensor services, relay services, communication services, and positioning services.

[0026] 1) The sensor service provides full lifecycle management for multiple sensors, including sensor acquisition task creation, parameter configuration, resource destruction and start-up-sleep-reset status control, maintenance of service dependencies, real-time monitoring of sensor process status, and an abnormal restart mechanism.

[0027] 2) The relay service provides power supply control and management for the system. It outputs power supply control commands according to the timing logic of the acquisition tasks and the feedback of abnormalities. It realizes relay on / off control through the Modbus RTU protocol, dynamically optimizes system energy consumption, supports individual power outage isolation of faulty equipment, and has an automatic power supply recovery mechanism for power outage and restart.

[0028] 3) The communication service provides communication link management services to support data interaction and connection anomaly handling between upstream and downstream modules, ensuring continuous and reliable communication.

[0029] 4) The location service provides location information acquisition and spatiotemporal tagging functions, periodically acquiring buoy location information and timestamps to mark the spatiotemporal reference for the data.

[0030] The service scheduling unit uses a timing-triggered mechanism to call the relay service to power on the target sensor according to a preset timing sequence. After the power supply is stable, the sensor service is triggered to wake up the target sensor and start the data acquisition task. The positioning service is called simultaneously to obtain the real-time latitude and longitude of the buoy and the UTC timestamp. After the data acquisition is completed, the communication service is triggered to transmit the multi-source heterogeneous data acquisition stream through an adaptive communication method.

[0031] In addition, the sensor service puts the target sensor into sleep mode; once the result data stream is generated, the communication service is triggered again to transmit the data to the shore-based data center.

[0032] The service scheduling unit employs a heartbeat detection mechanism, periodically sending heartbeat detection signals to the system services to monitor their operational status in real time and ensure that each service is always in good condition.

[0033] In one specific embodiment, the communication module's communication methods include serial communication, short message communication, network communication, and IoT communication. The communication module integrates a communication anomaly monitoring and adaptive reconnection mechanism, attempting to reconnect when the link is interrupted, and automatically switching to a backup communication link after a preset number of failed attempts.

[0034] The communication module is used for real-time data distribution and remote command reception. It provides a standardized communication interface, implements centralized management and control of various communication methods, integrates communication anomaly monitoring and adaptive reconnection mechanisms, monitors anomalies such as communication link interruption and data packet loss in real time, triggers link reconnection policies, and automatically switches to the backup link when the cumulative reconnection fails 10 times to ensure continuous and reliable communication.

[0035] In one specific embodiment, the protocol decoupling module provides multiple standardized protocol conversion interfaces for decoupling heterogeneous data streams from different marine hydrological sensors and communication terminals, and for encapsulating the processed data into target protocols. The protocol decoupling module constructs a universal protocol conversion interface, independently encapsulating the parsing logic, encapsulation rules, and interaction processes of various heterogeneous communication protocols to shield underlying protocol differences and address the issues of heterogeneous multi-sensor protocols and insufficient compatibility. The protocol decoupling module includes a decoupling unit and an encapsulation unit.

[0036] (1) Decoupling unit, connected to the communication module, is used to receive multi-source heterogeneous acquisition data streams and decouple the multi-source heterogeneous acquisition data streams according to protocols to obtain standardized acquisition data frames.

[0037] The decoupling unit receives multi-source heterogeneous data streams and extracts frame header features from these streams to match the corresponding protocol types. Based on the matched protocol types, a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) algorithm is used to verify the integrity of the data streams. If the frame header features do not match or the verification result is inconsistent with the data stream verification field, the stream is marked as invalid and discarded. For data streams that pass verification, the valid business data fields are extracted according to the protocol frame structure. The extracted business data fields are mapped into standardized data frames according to a preset unified format, completing the integrated interpretation of multi-protocol data.

[0038] (2) Encapsulation unit, connected to the data management module, is used to encapsulate the processed data according to the preset target protocol rules to obtain the result data stream.

[0039] The encapsulation unit receives the processed data, performs data encapsulation according to the preset target transmission protocol rules corresponding to the selected communication method, and generates a result data stream that meets the physical communication interface requirements of the communication module.

[0040] In one specific embodiment, the data management module includes a data preprocessing unit and a data storage unit.

[0041] (1) Data preprocessing unit, connected to the protocol decoupling module, is used to perform data inspection, cleaning and feature extraction on the collected data frames to generate processed data.

[0042] The data preprocessing unit provides data verification, data cleaning, and feature extraction, including a data verification subunit, a data cleaning subunit, an element feature extraction subunit, and a standardized output subunit. It customizes differentiated preprocessing rules for different monitoring elements. The main monitoring elements include wind, waves, current, depth, turbidity, and visibility.

[0043] 1) Data verification subunit, used to verify the collected data frames using a three-level verification mechanism.

[0044] The data verification subunit employs a three-level verification mechanism, including range verification, timing continuity verification, and sensor status verification. Range verification determines whether the acquired data frame is within the effective range of the selected sensor; if it exceeds the effective range, it is considered abnormal data and marked. Timing continuity verification checks whether the timestamps of the acquired continuous data are within the set allowable timestamp deviation range; if they exceed the range, the acquired data is considered discontinuous in timing and marked. Sensor status verification determines abnormal sensor data and marks it when the sensor returns an abnormal status code.

[0045] 2) Data cleaning subunit, connected to the data verification subunit, is used to process outliers and fill in missing data in the collected data frames that have passed data verification.

[0046] The data cleaning subunit includes outlier handling and data completion.

[0047] Outlier Handling: Different outlier handling methods are selected based on the characteristics of different elements. For wind elements, extreme outliers are identified using the extreme value test, and further, the correlation test is used to identify anomalous data mutations. For wave elements, the reasonableness test is used to determine data exceeding the upper limit of nearshore wave observation; for example, significant wave height Hs > 20m is considered an outlier. For current and depth data, the extreme value test is used to confirm outliers, and anomalous mutations are identified by combining time-series fluctuation characteristics.

[0048] Data imputation: For short-term missing data, interpolation methods are used to complete the missing data; for long-term missing data, a lightweight LSTM model trained on historical data is used to generate imputed values ​​and label the confidence level. Turbidity and visibility factors are highly variable due to sudden sediment, weather and other factors. To avoid introducing spurious data, no imputed values ​​are generated, only the missing time is labeled.

[0049] 2) Feature extraction subunit, connected to the data cleaning subunit, is used to calculate feature values ​​of the cleaned data using a multi-scale rolling time window to obtain the processed data.

[0050] The feature extraction unit calculates feature values ​​using a multi-scale rolling time window according to the well-known "Specification for Hydrological Observation of Waterway Engineering" (JTS 132-2015) (hereinafter referred to as the "Specification"). For wind elements, the unit statistically calculates the average wind speed and corresponding wind direction, instantaneous wind speed and corresponding wind direction, maximum wind speed and corresponding wind direction, and duration of instantaneous wind speed ≥17 m / s within a 10-minute window. For wave elements, the unit uses the zero-point crossing method to calculate the wave height and corresponding period of each wave, and statistically calculates the wave number and wave direction, maximum wave height and corresponding period, effective wave height and effective period, longest wave period and corresponding wave height and wave direction within a 20-minute window. For flow elements, the unit calculates the vertical flow velocity and direction at each layer and the average flow velocity and direction based on a 100-second window. For visibility elements, the unit calculates the effective visibility based on a 3-minute window.

[0051] 4) Standardized output sub-unit, used to convert the processed data into a unified format before output.

[0052] The standardized output sub-unit transforms the processed data into a unified format, including basic fields, feature value fields, and verification fields. Basic fields include feature type, device ID, and UTC timestamp; feature value fields include feature values ​​calculated by the feature extraction unit; and verification fields include cleaning correction amount, anomaly markers, and checksums.

[0053] (2) Data storage unit, connected to the data preprocessing unit, for storing the processed data.

[0054] The data storage unit employs dynamic caching and persistent storage mechanisms to implement tiered data storage, including a dynamic data layer and a persistent data layer. Furthermore, a circular file mechanism is used, triggering automatic overwriting of old data in the dynamic data layer based on preset storage thresholds, ensuring dynamic balance of storage resources and traceability of historical data.

[0055] The data storage unit also stores raw data and process data.

[0056] The aforementioned integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys also includes a log management module, which is used to record system operation status logs, data processing logs, and interactive operation logs in real time.

[0057] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating the architecture of the integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring used for buoys. Figure 2 As shown, the service layer provides various system functional services, including sensor services, relay services, communication services, and positioning services, enabling full-process control of data acquisition task scheduling and execution. The transport layer provides multi-channel data transmission, including serial communication, short message communication, network communication, and IoT communication, for real-time transmission of multi-source heterogeneous data acquisition streams and result data streams. The protocol layer integrates a multi-protocol decoupling and encapsulation engine, providing standardized parsing of various heterogeneous transmission protocols and private protocol encapsulation of processed data. The application layer is responsible for business logic scheduling and management, including service management, communication management, protocol management, data management, and log management.

[0058] This application enables collaborative monitoring and full-process control of multiple coastal hydrological elements based on buoys. It features a flexible and scalable architecture and continuous and reliable data acquisition, overcoming the limitations of existing buoy monitoring systems such as sensor equipment compatibility restrictions, black-box data processing, and high offshore maintenance costs. It enhances the remote operation and maintenance capabilities of buoy observation, providing stable and reliable technical support for coastal waterway engineering surveying, navigation safety assurance, and smart waterway construction. Specifically, the protocol decoupling module is compatible with multiple communication protocols, enabling rapid integration of most hydrological sensors and effectively reducing the adaptation costs of new equipment. The data management module, through standardized processing procedures of data verification, cleaning, and feature extraction, meets industry standards and effectively ensures the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data. The service management module, through an instruction-based configuration management mechanism, overcomes the fixed limitations of interface-based remote configuration, enabling dynamic adjustment of acquisition tasks and transmission strategies. Configuration parameter updates can be completed without restarting, meeting the needs of new sensor additions and dynamic integration management of multiple sensors, significantly reducing maintenance difficulty and improving operation and maintenance efficiency.

[0059] In another exemplary embodiment of this application, a coastal hydrological monitoring method based on the above-described integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys is provided, comprising the following steps: S1: The marine hydrological sensor is activated according to the data acquisition task scheduling plan to acquire data and obtain a multi-source heterogeneous data stream.

[0060] S2: Decouple the multi-source heterogeneous data streams according to the protocol to obtain standardized data frames.

[0061] S3: Perform data verification, cleaning, and feature extraction on the collected data frames to generate processed data.

[0062] S4: Encapsulate the processed data to obtain a result data stream, and send the result data stream to the shore-based data center.

[0063] In another exemplary embodiment of this application, an integrated control device for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys is provided, the device including a microcontroller, a relay, a serial port server, a communication unit, a Beidou positioning unit, a temperature sensor, and a humidity sensor.

[0064] The microcontroller stores executable program code and works in tandem with the aforementioned integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys to achieve multi-module collaborative control of hydrological data acquisition, processing and transmission.

[0065] The relay connects to the microcontroller via the I / O interface, receives the microcontroller's switching commands, and realizes automated control of the power supply to peripheral devices such as temperature sensors, humidity sensors, and communication units. It has low-power sleep and wake-up management strategies and abnormal power failure protection functions.

[0066] The serial server connects to the microcontroller via a serial communication interface and supports RS485 / RS232 / RS422 and TTL multi-channel (≥8 channels) serial port expansion. Specifically, it can connect to wind sensors, wave sensors, ocean current sensors and other marine hydrological sensors to realize the parallel acquisition and transmission of multi-element hydrological data.

[0067] The communication unit, connected to the microcontroller, provides data transmission and command interaction based on wireless communication protocols, including the Beidou communication submodule, the network communication submodule, and the WIFI communication submodule.

[0068] The Beidou positioning unit, connected to a microcontroller, is used to acquire buoy position information and UTC timestamps in real time, meeting the automated requirements of hydrological monitoring for time and space synchronization.

[0069] Temperature and humidity sensors are connected to the microcontroller to monitor the temperature and humidity of the internal operating environment of the device in real time, ensuring stable operation of the device.

[0070] It should be noted that the user information (including but not limited to user device information, user personal information, etc.) and data (including but not limited to data used for analysis, data stored, data displayed, etc.) involved in this application are all information and data authorized by the user or fully authorized by all parties, and the collection, use and processing of the relevant data must comply with relevant regulations.

[0071] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0072] This document uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. An integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring using buoys, characterized in that, include: The service management module is used to initialize and dynamically update system services, and to wake up marine hydrological sensors to collect data according to the data acquisition task scheduling plan, so as to obtain multi-source heterogeneous data streams. A communication module, connected to the service management module, is used to transmit multi-source heterogeneous data streams using different communication methods; The protocol decoupling module, connected to the communication module, is used to decouple the multi-source heterogeneous acquisition data streams according to the protocol to obtain standardized acquisition data frames. The data management module, connected to the protocol decoupling module, is used to perform data inspection, cleaning, and feature extraction on the collected data frames, generate processed data, and store the processed data. The protocol decoupling module is also used to encapsulate the processed data according to the preset target protocol rules to obtain the result data stream; the result data stream is sent to the shore-based data center by the communication module.

2. The integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The service management module includes: The service configuration unit is used to complete the system service initialization configuration according to the acquisition task scheduling plan, and to monitor the dynamic updates of the acquisition task scheduling plan in real time during operation, so as to make the system service configuration take effect immediately through the hot reload mechanism. The service scheduling unit is used to coordinate the operation of system services by employing a time-triggered mechanism and a heartbeat detection mechanism.

3. The integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys according to claim 2, characterized in that, The service configuration unit configures system services through a graphical interface and a command window.

4. The integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys according to claim 2, characterized in that, The system services include sensor services, relay services, communication services, and positioning services.

5. The integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys according to claim 4, characterized in that, The service scheduling unit uses a time-triggered mechanism to call the relay service to power on the target sensor according to a preset time sequence. After the power supply is stable, the sensor service is triggered to wake up the target sensor and start the data acquisition task. The positioning service is invoked synchronously to obtain the real-time latitude and longitude of the buoy and the UTC timestamp; after the data collection is completed, the communication service is triggered to transmit the multi-source heterogeneous data stream through an adapted communication method.

6. The integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys according to claim 4, characterized in that, The service scheduling unit employs a heartbeat detection mechanism, periodically sending heartbeat detection signals to the system service to monitor the system service's operational status in real time.

7. The integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication methods include serial communication, short message communication, network communication, and Internet of Things (IoT) communication.

8. The integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The protocol decoupling module includes: A decoupling unit, connected to the communication module, is used to receive multi-source heterogeneous acquisition data streams and perform protocol decoupling on the multi-source heterogeneous acquisition data streams to obtain standardized acquisition data frames. The encapsulation unit, connected to the data management module, is used to encapsulate the processed data according to preset target protocol rules to obtain a result data stream.

9. The integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys according to claim 1, characterized in that, The data management module includes: The data preprocessing unit, connected to the protocol decoupling module, is used to perform data verification, cleaning, and feature extraction on the acquired data frames to generate processed data. A data storage unit, connected to the data preprocessing unit, is used to store the processed data.

10. The integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys according to claim 9, characterized in that, The data preprocessing unit includes: The data verification subunit is used to verify the acquired data frames using a three-level verification mechanism. The data cleaning subunit, connected to the data verification subunit, is used to perform outlier processing and data supplementation on the collected data frames that have passed data verification. The feature extraction subunit is connected to the data cleaning subunit and is used to calculate feature values ​​of the cleaned data using a multi-scale rolling time window to obtain the processed data. The standardized output subunit, connected to the feature extraction subunit, is used to convert the processed data into a unified format for output.

11. A coastal hydrological monitoring method based on the integrated control system for coastal hydrological monitoring of buoys as described in any one of claims 1-10, characterized in that, include: According to the data acquisition task scheduling plan, the marine hydrological sensor is activated to acquire data, resulting in a multi-source heterogeneous data stream. Protocol decoupling is performed on multi-source heterogeneous data streams to obtain standardized data frames; The collected data frames are inspected, cleaned, and feature-extracted to generate processed data. The processed data is encapsulated to obtain a result data stream, which is then sent to the shore-based data center.

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