High-flame-retardant TPU elastomer, preparation method thereof and anti-collision composite wallboard

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of high polymer materials and building materials, in particular to a high-flame-retardant TPU elastomer and a preparation method thereof and an anti-collision composite wallboard, the TPU elastomer is prepared from TPU, SEBS, PPO, coated flame-retardant particles and other raw materials, each coated flame-retardant particle comprises a core layer and a shell layer, and the core layer comprises flame-retardant filler; and the shell layer is prepared from the following raw materials: 4, 4 '-diaminodiphenyl ether, phosphonitrilic chloride trimer and epoxy silane modified phosphate. The TPU elastomer has high flame retardance, high impact resistance and high elasticity due to the coated flame-retardant particles prepared by coating the organic flame retardant with the inorganic particles, and has good anti-collision and flame-retardant properties when being used for the anti-collision composite wallboard.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the fields of polymer materials and building materials, and in particular to a high flame-retardant TPU elastomer, its preparation method, and an anti-collision composite wall panel. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of molecular materials, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers (TPU) are widely used in numerous industries such as automotive, electronics, and construction due to their excellent abrasion resistance, oil resistance, and high performance. As industries increasingly demand higher material performance, more challenges are being placed on the performance of TPU elastomers, especially in scenarios with high fire safety requirements, such as building wall panels, where higher expectations are placed on the flame-retardant properties of TPU elastomers. Using high-flame-retardant TPU elastomers in wall panels can reduce the risk of fire to a certain extent, ensuring the safety of people and property. In existing technologies, various methods are typically employed to improve the flame-retardant properties of TPU elastomers. One common method is to add traditional flame retardants, such as halogenated and phosphorus-based flame retardants. Halogenated flame retardants have good flame-retardant effects and can produce hydrogen halides during combustion, thus inhibiting combustion reactions. Phosphorus-based flame retardants mainly work by acting in the condensed phase, promoting charring of the material, thereby achieving flame retardancy. In addition, inorganic fillers such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide are also used. These inorganic fillers decompose and absorb heat when heated, releasing water vapor to dilute flammable gases and thus playing a flame-retardant role. However, inorganic particles such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide can agglomerate in the material. Over time, the flame-retardant particles separate from the elastomer, leading to a decrease in flame retardancy and a reduction in the material's mechanical properties, such as impact strength. Traditional halogenated flame retardants produce toxic gases during combustion, posing a threat to the environment and human health. Phosphorus-based flame retardants tend to cause a decrease in the mechanical properties of the material. All of the above factors prevent the elastomer used in wall panels from maintaining both high flame retardancy and high elasticity and impact resistance. Therefore, providing an elastomer that combines high flame retardancy and high impact resistance to prepare wall panels is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to overcome the above-mentioned technical problems and provide a high flame-retardant TPU elastomer, its preparation method, and an anti-collision composite wall panel.

[0004] In a first aspect, this application provides a high flame-retardant TPU elastomer, the raw materials of which include: 10-20 parts TPU, 10-20 parts SEBS, 3-8 parts PPO, 30-40 parts coated flame-retardant particles, 8-15 parts light calcium carbonate, 15-20 parts white oil, 0.05-0.5 parts zinc stearate, and 0.2-0.8 parts antioxidant; the coated flame-retardant particles include a core layer and a shell layer, the core layer including flame-retardant filler; the raw materials for preparing the shell layer include 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, and epoxy silane modified phosphate ester.

[0005] Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) provides elasticity and basic properties as the base elastomer material. SEBS improves the material's flexibility and processing performance, and also has good stability and aging resistance. PPO (polyphenylene oxide) helps improve the material's heat resistance and dimensional stability. Encapsulated flame-retardant particles impart high flame-retardant properties. Light calcium carbonate acts as a filler and reinforcement. White oil acts as a plasticizer to increase the material's flowability and plasticity. Zinc stearate acts as a lubricant to improve processing performance, and antioxidants prevent oxidation and aging. Therefore, TPU, as the matrix, provides the basic properties of the elastomer. SEBS and PPO optimize and improve its properties. Encapsulated flame-retardant particles impart high flame-retardant properties, while light calcium carbonate, white oil, zinc stearate, and antioxidants play roles in filling reinforcement, plasticizing, lubrication, and anti-oxidation, respectively. Combining these raw materials to prepare the elastomer improves flame retardancy while maintaining the impact strength of the TPU elastomer.

[0006] This application coats organic flame retardants onto the surface of inorganic flame retardant particles, forming an organic-inorganic synergistic flame retardant effect, thereby improving the flame retardant performance of the elastomer. Inorganic flame retardant particles, such as aluminum hydroxide, decompose and absorb heat when heated, releasing water vapor to dilute flammable gases and thus playing a flame retardant role. Magnesium hydroxide also has a similar flame retardant mechanism, and its decomposition temperature is relatively high, making it suitable for applications requiring high heat resistance and enabling it to suppress smoke. 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether is an aromatic diamine with high reactivity and heat resistance; hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene is a cyclic compound containing phosphorus and nitrogen with good flame retardant properties. 4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene can be polymerized in situ on the surface of flame-retardant particles to form a ring-crosslinked polyphosphazene. At high temperatures, the phosphazene ring breaks, releasing inert gases and phosphorus-containing free radicals, which capture free radicals in the combustion reaction, interrupting the chain reaction. Combustion generates phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, etc., promoting polymer char formation and forming a phosphorus-nitrogen-carbon composite char layer. Based on its crosslinked structure, the generated char layer is dense, has high thermal stability, physically blocks oxygen transfer, and inhibits dripping during TPU combustion. The elements it contains promote the catalytic char formation efficiency of phosphorus through nitrogen, enhance the density of the char layer through carbon, and simultaneously strengthen gas-phase quenching and solid-phase char formation to synergistically improve flame retardancy. Furthermore, this application incorporates epoxy-silane-modified phosphate esters into the shell layer. These epoxy-silane-modified phosphate esters participate in the polymerization of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene through epoxy groups, introducing phosphate esters and siloxane bonds into the cyclically crosslinked polyphosphazene structure. This further densifies the crosslinked network structure of the cyclically crosslinked polyphosphazene, improving shell layer strength and facilitating the formation of a denser char layer. Simultaneously, while enhancing phosphorus-based flame retardancy, the introduced siloxane network forms a silica protective film on the char layer surface. Silica has a higher melting point, further improving the thermal stability of the char layer and preventing cracking at high temperatures. The alumina and other components generated in the core layer form a ceramicized protective film on the char layer surface. The combined effect of these two protective films effectively improves the stability of the char layer, achieving physical barrier properties and significantly enhancing the flame retardancy of the material. Furthermore, the addition of epoxy-silane-modified phosphate esters, with the hydroxyl groups formed after ring-opening polymerization, can further enhance the adhesion of the shell layer to the flame-retardant filler surface, improve the coating effect, and strengthen the synergistic flame retardancy between organic and inorganic elements. The modified organic shell layer can also improve the compatibility between the flame-retardant filler and the polymer, ensuring uniform dispersion of flame-retardant particles in the elastomer. The active groups on the shell surface are bonded to the main resin, reducing the decrease in flame retardancy and mechanical properties caused by the aggregation of flame-retardant fillers. Therefore, this application achieves an optimized organic-inorganic flame-retardant system by coating the flame-retardant filler surface with 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, and epoxy-silane-modified phosphate esters. The synergistic flame retardancy of nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon, and silicon elements, based on the structure of the coating and modified shell layer, results in the formation of a silica protective film and an alumina ceramic protective film on the surface of the carbon layer during combustion, greatly improving the stability of the carbon layer and thus obtaining an elastomer with high flame retardancy and excellent mechanical properties.Preferably, the preparation method of the coated flame-retardant particles includes: pre-treating and activating the flame-retardant filler; dispersing the activated flame-retardant filler in a solvent; adding triethylamine and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and stirring; then adding hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and epoxysilane-modified phosphate under a nitrogen atmosphere; heating to 40-50℃ and reacting for 4-6 hours; after the reaction, filtering, washing, and drying. Preferably, the molar ratio of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, and epoxysilane-modified phosphate is 1:(2-4):(0.5-2).

[0007] The inventors have synthesized a dense network structure on the surface of a flame-retardant filler by crosslinking the amino group of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, the chlorine group of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, and the epoxy group of an epoxy-modified phosphate ester. The hydroxyl groups after ring-opening of the epoxy groups can further bond with the surface of the flame-retardant filler, thereby achieving a reinforced and effective coating. Preferably, the preparation method of the epoxy-modified phosphate ester includes: dispersing the hydroxyphosphate ester in a solvent, adding an epoxy-silane coupling agent, mixing, heating, and reacting; after the reaction, removing the solvent and drying. Preferably, the preparation method of the coated flame-retardant particles includes: activating the flame-retardant filler through pretreatment, dispersing the activated flame-retardant filler in a solvent, adding triethylamine and part of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and stirring, then adding part of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene under a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 40-50℃ and reacting for 4-6 hours, continuing to add the remaining 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, the remaining hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and epoxysilane-modified phosphate ester, maintaining the temperature for 4-6 hours, and after the reaction is completed, filtering, washing and drying.

[0008] The addition of flame-retardant fillers reduces the impact strength of elastomers, leading to a decrease in mechanical properties. The shell coating of this application improves mechanical properties. To further enhance its performance and better suit the prepared elastomer for use in wall panels, the inventors explored how to further improve the mechanical properties of the flame-retardant elastomer. Through the above scheme, the inventors did not add other raw materials or perform further modifications. Instead, they adjusted the preparation process of the coated flame-retardant particles. First, a portion of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and a portion of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, such as half the mass of the above reactants, were added to polymerize on the surface of the flame-retardant filler to form a first shell mainly composed of cyclically cross-linked polyphosphazene. Then, the remaining half of the amount of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, and epoxy-modified phosphate ester were added to form a denser second shell, creating a double-shell structure. The unreacted chlorine in the hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene in the first shell further participates in the polymerization of the second shell, thereby bonding the two shells at the interface, improving the bonding between the shells, and enhancing the coating properties. Compared to the cross-linked structure of the first shell, the second shell, with its epoxy-silane-modified phosphate ester and co-crosslinked with 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, forms a denser cross-linked network structure. The cross-linking density increases from the inside to the outside of the shell, thereby improving the elasticity and impact strength of the filler surface. Upon impact, the elasticity provided by the flame-retardant filler surface in the elastomer releases stress concentration, improving impact resistance and collision protection. This also prevents the filler from easily detaching or agglomerating within the material. The good compatibility between the shell and the matrix further ensures the dispersion of the filler. Furthermore, the applicant unexpectedly discovered that the above-mentioned coating method not only improves impact strength but also unexpectedly enhances flame retardancy. This may be because the two-shell coating concentrates the silane coupling agent in the second shell, which not only better facilitates the compatibility between the flame-retardant filler and the resin but also promotes the formation of a silica protective film on the char surface after combustion and carbonization, strengthening the thermal stability of the char layer and thus improving flame retardancy. Preferably, the flame-retardant filler is one or more of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide. Preferably, the antioxidant includes one or more of antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant 168.

[0009] Antioxidants can prevent material oxidation and aging, extending the material's service life. Antioxidant 1010 is a hindered phenolic antioxidant with good antioxidant properties and thermal stability; Antioxidant 168 is a phosphite antioxidant, which, when used in conjunction with antioxidant 1010, can have a synergistic antioxidant effect. Secondly, this application provides a method for preparing a high flame-retardant TPU elastomer, comprising mixing the components according to the formulation of the first aspect, followed by melt extrusion and two-roll molding. Thirdly, this application provides an anti-collision composite wall panel, comprising a reinforcing layer, an elastic layer, and a finishing layer; the reinforcing layer is a non-woven fabric, the elastic layer is the elastomer described in the second aspect or the second aspect, and the finishing layer is a PVC layer. Preferably, the preparation process of the anti-collision composite wall panel includes: pressing a non-woven fabric onto one side of the elastic layer to form a reinforcing layer, applying adhesive to the side of the elastic layer away from the reinforcing layer, and then adhering a PVC film to the elastic layer with adhesive.

[0010] It is understood that the composite wall panel provided in this application possesses the relevant excellent properties of the elastomer provided in the first or second aspect. Detailed Implementation

[0011] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail below. The described embodiments are merely possible technical implementations of the present invention, but are not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can certainly combine the embodiments of the present invention to obtain other embodiments without creative effort, which are also within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0012] The TPU used was BASF Desmopan 385E, the SEBS was Kraton G1657, the PPO was Asahi Kasei Xyron 220Z, and the light calcium carbonate was 1250 mesh. Other raw materials used in the examples of this application were all commercially available brands or obtainable through conventional processes. Preparation Example 1 Preparation of epoxy-silane modified phosphate esters: 2-Aminoethyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-hydroxyphosphate was uniformly dispersed in ethanol to form a 5% (w / w) reaction solution. γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane was added to the reaction solution and stirred at 500 rpm for 5 min. The mixture was then heated to 80 °C and refluxed for 5 h. After the reaction, the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation and the mixture was dried to constant weight. The molar ratio of 2-aminoethyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-hydroxyphosphate to γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane was 1:2. Preparation of coated flame-retardant particles: Aluminum hydroxide powder was washed five times alternately with deionized water and ethanol, and dried at 100°C for 12 hours to thoroughly remove surface impurities and activate surface hydroxyl groups to obtain pretreated aluminum hydroxide. This pretreated aluminum hydroxide was then added to acetonitrile and stirred at 500 rpm to form a suspension with a mass concentration of 8%. Triethylamine and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether were added and stirred for 5 minutes. After purging with nitrogen, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and epoxy-modified phosphate were simultaneously added. The mixture was heated to 45°C and reacted for 5 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was filtered, washed with water, and dried to obtain coated flame-retardant particles A. The molar ratio of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, and epoxy-modified phosphate was 1:3:1; the molar ratio of aluminum hydroxide to hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene was 50:1; and the molar ratio of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene to triethylamine was 20:1.

[0013] Preparation Example 2 Preparation of epoxy-silane modified phosphate esters: 2-Aminoethyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-hydroxyphosphate was uniformly dispersed in ethanol to form a 5% (w / w) reaction solution. γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane was added to the reaction solution and stirred at 500 rpm for 5 min. The mixture was then heated to 80 °C and refluxed for 5 h. After the reaction, the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation and the mixture was dried to constant weight. The molar ratio of 2-aminoethyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-hydroxyphosphate to γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane was 1:2. Preparation of coated flame-retardant particles: Aluminum hydroxide powder was washed five times alternately with deionized water and ethanol, and dried at 100°C for 12 hours to thoroughly remove surface impurities and activate surface hydroxyl groups to obtain pretreated aluminum hydroxide. This pretreated aluminum hydroxide was then added to acetonitrile and stirred at 500 rpm to form an 8% (w / w) suspension. Triethylamine and half the mass of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether were added and stirred for 5 minutes. Nitrogen gas was then introduced, and half the mass of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene was added simultaneously. The mixture was heated to 45°C and reacted for 5 hours. The remaining 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, the remaining hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, and epoxy-silane-modified phosphate were added, and the mixture was kept at 45°C for another 5 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was filtered, washed with water, and dried to obtain coated flame-retardant particles B. The molar ratio of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, and epoxy-silane-modified phosphate was 1:3:1; the molar ratio of aluminum hydroxide to hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene was 50:1; and the molar ratio of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene to triethylamine was 20:1.

[0014] Comparative Preparation Example 1 Preparation of epoxy-silane modified phosphate esters: 2-Aminoethyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-hydroxyphosphate was uniformly dispersed in ethanol to form a 5% (w / w) reaction solution. γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane was added to the reaction solution and stirred at 500 rpm for 5 min. The mixture was then heated to 80 °C and refluxed for 5 h. After the reaction, the solvent was removed by vacuum distillation and the mixture was dried to constant weight. The molar ratio of 2-aminoethyl-2,3-dihydroxypropyl-hydroxyphosphate to γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane was 1:2. Preparation of coated flame-retardant particles: Aluminum hydroxide powder was washed five times alternately with deionized water and ethanol, and dried at 100°C for 12 hours to thoroughly remove surface impurities and activate surface hydroxyl groups to obtain pretreated aluminum hydroxide. This pretreated aluminum hydroxide was then added to acetonitrile and stirred at 500 rpm to form a suspension with a mass concentration of 8%. Nitrogen gas was then introduced, followed by the addition of epoxy-silane-modified phosphate ester. The mixture was heated to 45°C and reacted for 5 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was filtered, washed with water, and dried to obtain coated flame-retardant particles C. The molar ratio of aluminum hydroxide to epoxy-silane-modified phosphate ester was 10:1.

[0015] Comparative Preparation Example 2 Preparation of coated flame-retardant particles: Aluminum hydroxide powder was washed five times alternately with deionized water and ethanol, and dried at 100°C for 12 hours to thoroughly remove surface impurities and activate surface hydroxyl groups to obtain pretreated aluminum hydroxide. This pretreated aluminum hydroxide was then added to acetonitrile and stirred at 500 rpm to form a suspension with a mass concentration of 8%. Triethylamine and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether were added and stirred for 5 minutes. After purging with nitrogen, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene was added, and the mixture was heated to 45°C and reacted for 5 hours. After the reaction, the mixture was filtered, washed with water, and dried to obtain coated flame-retardant particles D. The molar ratio of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene to 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether was 1:3; the molar ratio of aluminum hydroxide to hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene was 50:1.25; and the molar ratio of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene to triethylamine was 20:1.

[0016] Example 1 Raw materials for the preparation of high flame retardant TPU elastomers: 14 parts TPU, 16 parts SEBS, 5 parts PPO, 35 parts coated flame retardant granules A, 10 parts light calcium carbonate, 18 parts white oil, 0.1 parts zinc stearate, 0.3 parts antioxidant 1010, and 0.2 parts antioxidant 168; The preparation method of high flame retardant TPU elastomer includes the following steps: accurately weigh the above raw materials according to the formula, mix them and then melt extrude them in a twin-screw extruder with a total of 12 temperature zones. The first and twelfth temperature zones are set at 165°C, and the others are set at 170°C. Critical state carbon dioxide is injected in the eighth zone for foaming, and the extruded material is then shaped by two rollers.

[0017] Example 2 The only difference between Example 2 and Example 1 is that coated flame retardant particles A are replaced by coated flame retardant particles B in equal amounts.

[0018] Comparative Example 1 The only difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that coated flame retardant particles C are replaced with coated flame retardant particles A in equal amounts.

[0019] Comparative Example 2 The only difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that coated flame retardant particles A are replaced by coated flame retardant particles D in equal amounts.

[0020] Comparative Example 3 The only difference between Comparative Example 3 and Example 1 is that aluminum hydroxide is used to replace the coated flame-retardant particles A in equal amounts.

[0021] Performance testing: The limiting oxygen index of the examples and comparative examples was tested in accordance with ASTM D2863 standard; Notched impact strength was tested according to ASTM D256; Table 1: Properties of High Flame Retardant TPU Elastomers Combining Examples 1-2, Comparative Example 3, and Table 1, it can be seen that the elastomer of this application achieves high flame retardancy and impact strength. Compared to Comparative Example 3, the examples utilize specific coated flame-retardant particles to ensure the stable existence of flame-retardant fillers within the elastomer, improving compatibility with the resin and forming synergistic flame retardancy, thus significantly improving both flame retardancy and impact strength. Furthermore, a comparison of Examples 1 and 2 shows that by using two different shell structures for coating and meticulously designing the shell, optimized flame retardancy and impact strength can be unexpectedly achieved. Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-2 show that when coated with an equal total molar amount of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene or with an equal molar amount of epoxy-silane-modified phosphate ester, the flame retardant effect and impact resistance of the elastomer are inferior to those of Example 1. This indicates that the present application achieves synergistic improvement in flame retardancy and impact strength by co-coating the flame retardant filler with 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, and epoxy-silane-modified phosphate ester, based on the ability to form a specific stable char layer structure and the improved compatibility of flame retardant particles in the system.

[0022] The above are all preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, all equivalent changes made in accordance with the structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered within the scope of protection of this application.

Claims

1. A high flame-retardant TPU elastomer, characterized in that, The raw materials for its preparation include: 10-20 parts TPU, 10-20 parts SEBS, 3-8 parts PPO, 30-40 parts coated flame-retardant particles, 8-15 parts light calcium carbonate, 15-20 parts white oil, 0.05-0.5 parts zinc stearate, and 0.2-0.8 parts antioxidant; the coated flame-retardant particles include a core layer and a shell layer, the core layer including flame-retardant filler; the raw materials for the shell layer include 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, and epoxy silane modified phosphate ester.

2. The high flame-retardant TPU elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the coated flame retardant particles includes: pre-treating and activating the flame retardant filler, dispersing the activated flame retardant filler in a solvent, adding triethylamine and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and stirring, then adding hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and epoxysilane modified phosphate under a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 40-50℃ and reacting for 4-6 hours, and after the reaction is completed, filtering, washing and drying.

3. The high flame-retardant TPU elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The molar ratio of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, and epoxysilane-modified phosphate is 1:(2-4):(0.5-2).

4. The high flame-retardant TPU elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the epoxy silane modified phosphate ester includes: dispersing hydroxy phosphate ester in a solvent, adding epoxy silane coupling agent, mixing and heating to react, and then removing the solvent and drying after the reaction.

5. The high flame-retardant TPU elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the coated flame-retardant particles includes: pre-treating and activating the flame-retardant filler, dispersing the activated flame-retardant filler in a solvent, adding triethylamine and part of 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether and stirring, then adding part of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene under a nitrogen atmosphere, heating to 40-50℃ and reacting for 4-6 hours, continuing to add the remaining 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, the remaining hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and epoxy silane modified phosphate, keeping the reaction at the temperature for 4-6 hours, and after the reaction is completed, filtering, washing and drying.

6. The high flame-retardant TPU elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flame-retardant filler is one or more of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.

7. The high flame-retardant TPU elastomer according to claim 1, characterized in that, The antioxidant includes one or more of antioxidant 1010 and antioxidant 168.

8. A method for preparing the high flame-retardant TPU elastomer according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, After mixing the components according to the formula, the mixture is melt-extruded and shaped using a two-roller molding process.

9. A collision-resistant composite wall panel, characterized in that, It includes a reinforcing layer, an elastic layer, and a finishing layer; the reinforcing layer is a non-woven fabric, the elastic layer is an elastomer formed by any one of the elastomers described in claims 1-7 or by the preparation method of the high flame-retardant TPU elastomer described in claim 8, and the finishing layer is a PVC layer.

10. The anti-collision composite wall panel according to claim 9, characterized in that, The manufacturing process of the anti-collision composite wall panel includes: pressing non-woven fabric onto one side of the elastic layer to form a reinforcing layer, applying adhesive to the side of the elastic layer away from the reinforcing layer, and then attaching a PVC film to the elastic layer with adhesive.

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