Flame-retardant cooling liquid and preparation method thereof, immersed energy storage device, data center and electric equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of energy storage safety, and particularly discloses a flame-retardant cooling liquid and a preparation method thereof, an immersed energy storage device, a data center and electric equipment, the flame-retardant cooling liquid comprises base oil, a flame retardant and a stabilizer; the flame retardant comprises halogenated hydrocarbon; the stabilizer comprises organic amines and phenols. According to the invention, organic amines and phenols are introduced at the same time, so that high insulativity, high flame retardance and high thermal stability are taken into consideration, and the service life of the cooling liquid is prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy storage safety technology, specifically to a flame-retardant coolant and its preparation method, an immersion energy storage device, a data center, and electrical equipment. Background Technology

[0002] As the core of immersion energy storage devices and immersion data centers, the thermophysical properties of coolant directly affect the operating performance of energy storage systems and data centers. Currently, the coolants used in immersion thermal management systems at home and abroad are mainly divided into: fluorinated liquids, hydrocarbon mineral oils, ester oils, and silicone oils. The basic principles for their selection mainly include: (1) high insulation performance to ensure non-conductivity; (2) excellent thermal conductivity to ensure timely heat dissipation; (3) excellent flame retardant performance to prevent the spread of thermal runaway; (4) material compatibility to avoid corrosion of materials in energy storage systems and data centers; and (5) no irritating odor, which is conducive to large-scale preparation and application. In addition, coolant also needs to have good thermal stability to resist the heat generated during battery charging and discharging and maintain chemical stability.

[0003] However, existing coolants struggle to balance high insulation, high flame retardancy, and high thermal stability, and their service life needs to be improved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention aims to at least partially solve one of the technical problems in the related art. Therefore, one object of this invention is to provide a flame-retardant coolant that combines high insulation, flame retardancy, and thermal stability, thereby extending the service life of the coolant.

[0005] Specifically, the first aspect of the present invention provides a flame-retardant coolant, comprising a base oil, a flame retardant, and a stabilizer; The flame retardant includes halogenated hydrocarbons; The stabilizers include liquid organic amines and phenols.

[0006] In related technologies, base oils such as mineral oils have poor flame retardancy, usually requiring the addition of flame retardants to improve it. Common flame retardants can be divided into inorganic flame retardants, phosphorus-based flame retardants, nitrogen-based flame retardants, and halogen-based flame retardants. Among them, inorganic flame retardants, phosphorus-based flame retardants, and nitrogen-based flame retardants have extremely poor compatibility with mineral oils, being almost insoluble. In contrast, halogenated hydrocarbons in halogenated flame retardants have good compatibility with mineral oils and are good flame retardants for use with mineral oils. However, halogenated hydrocarbons are prone to hydrolysis to form acidic substances. These acidic substances can corrode equipment and cause changes in the coolant's properties, especially at high temperatures, leading to decreased thermal stability and deterioration of the coolant's physicochemical properties, such as insulation performance, thus affecting the coolant's service life.

[0007] To address the above problems, this invention selects liquid organic amines with good compatibility with base oils from a wide range of alkaline neutralizing agents (other alkaline neutralizing agents have poor compatibility with base oils, leading to poor system dispersibility and consequently deteriorating coolant performance). Introducing organic amines into the coolant neutralizes the acidic substances, generating ammonium cations. However, the positively charged ammonium cations formed during the neutralization reaction remain free in the coolant, causing a decrease in the coolant's breakdown voltage and other physicochemical properties. Furthermore, phenolic substances are introduced. The electron-rich π-system on the aromatic ring of the phenolic substances can attract the free ammonium cations through supramolecular forces, forming large molecular aggregates that lock the ammonium cations in place. Additionally, the hydroxyl groups on the phenolic substances can capture and fix the organic amines through supramolecular interactions (such as N···H hydrogen bonds), slowing down the rapid consumption of the organic amines and allowing them to slowly and continuously exert a neutralizing effect, thus eliminating the problem of decreased breakdown voltage and other physicochemical properties caused by the presence of free ammonium cations. Meanwhile, at the sites where hydrolysis forms ammonium cations, these cations preferentially form supramolecular aggregates with phenols. Due to the change in molecular size, these supramolecular aggregates accumulate near the hydrolysis site, continuously exerting an attraction and aggregation effect, thereby effectively improving the physicochemical properties of the coolant. Furthermore, as the molecular size of the formed supramolecular aggregates further increases, a co-adsorption protective layer can be formed on the surface of the metal materials in the energy storage device, preventing the metal from being acid-corroded. Simultaneously, phenols provide antioxidant properties to mineral oil, further improving its stability. Thus, this invention, by simultaneously introducing organic amines and phenols, achieves a balance of high insulation, high flame retardancy, and high thermal stability, extending the service life of the coolant and mitigating metal corrosion.

[0008] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the organic amines include one or more of diethylamine, triethylamine, dipropylamine, tripropylamine, allylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, cyclohexylamine, piperidine, N-methylpiperidine, triethanolamine, and monoethanolamine; the phenols include one or more of o-methylphenol, hydroquinone, thymol, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol.

[0009] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the organic amine to the phenol is 1:(8-12).

[0010] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the stabilizer accounts for 0.005%-0.5% of the total mass of the base oil and the flame retardant.

[0011] According to some embodiments of the present invention, based on 100 parts by weight of the flame-retardant coolant, the amount of the base oil is 10-50 parts by weight, and the amount of the flame retardant is 50-90 parts by weight.

[0012] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the halogenated hydrocarbon includes one or more of tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,2-dibromohexafluoropropane, hexachloroacetone, hexachloropropylene, hexachlorobutadiene, and 1,4-dibromooctafluorobutane; the base oil includes mineral oil; and the mineral oil comprises one or more of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

[0013] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a flame-retardant coolant according to the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: The base oil, flame retardant, and stabilizer are mixed to obtain the flame-retardant coolant; The flame retardant includes halogenated hydrocarbons; The stabilizers include organic amines and phenols.

[0014] The preparation method of this invention is simple, has low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrial application. The flame-retardant coolant prepared by the method of this invention combines high insulation, flame retardancy, and thermal stability, and has a long service life.

[0015] A third aspect of the present invention provides an immersion energy storage device, comprising the flame-retardant coolant of the first aspect of the present invention or the flame-retardant coolant obtained by the method of the second aspect of the present invention.

[0016] Because of the use of the aforementioned flame-retardant coolant, the immersion energy storage device of the present invention has all the advantages of the flame-retardant coolant, which will not be elaborated here.

[0017] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a data center comprising the flame-retardant coolant of the first aspect of the present invention or the flame-retardant coolant obtained by the method of the second aspect of the present invention.

[0018] Because of the use of the aforementioned flame-retardant coolant, the data center of the present invention possesses all the advantages of the flame-retardant coolant, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0019] The fifth aspect of the present invention provides an electrical device, including the immersion energy storage device of the third aspect of the present invention or the data center of the fourth aspect of the present invention.

[0020] Because of the use of the aforementioned flame-retardant coolant, the electrical equipment of the present invention possesses all the advantages of the flame-retardant coolant, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0021] Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. These embodiments are exemplary and intended to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0023] In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more. "Multiple" means two or more. Throughout this document, the terms "comprising" or "including" are open-ended expressions, meaning they include the contents specified in this invention but do not exclude other aspects.

[0024] The endpoints and any values ​​of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise ranges or values, and these ranges or values ​​should be understood to include values ​​close to these ranges or values. For numerical ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges, the endpoint values ​​of the various ranges and individual point values, and individual point values ​​can be combined with each other to obtain one or more new numerical ranges, which should be considered as specifically disclosed herein.

[0025] Hydrocarbon mineral oils not only possess excellent insulation properties but also exhibit stable molecular structures and non-polar characteristics, resulting in superior thermal stability. They are frequently used as base oils in coolants. However, mineral oils have poor flame retardancy, typically requiring the addition of flame retardants to improve their properties. Common flame retardants can be categorized into inorganic, phosphorus-based, nitrogen-based, and halogen-based flame retardants. Among these, inorganic, phosphorus-based, and nitrogen-based flame retardants have extremely poor compatibility with mineral oils, being almost insoluble. Halogenated hydrocarbons, on the other hand, exhibit better compatibility with mineral oils and are considered good flame retardants for use with mineral oils. However, halogenated hydrocarbons are prone to hydrolysis, forming acidic substances. These acidic substances can corrode equipment and cause changes in the coolant's properties, especially at high temperatures, leading to decreased thermal stability and consequently deteriorating the coolant's physicochemical properties, such as insulation, ultimately affecting its service life.

[0026] To address the above problems, this invention selects liquid organic amines with good compatibility with base oils from a wide range of alkaline neutralizing agents (other alkaline neutralizing agents have poor compatibility with base oils, leading to poor system dispersibility and consequently deteriorating coolant performance). Introducing organic amines into the coolant neutralizes the acidic substances, generating ammonium cations. However, the positively charged ammonium cations formed during the neutralization reaction remain free in the coolant, causing a decrease in the coolant's breakdown voltage and other physicochemical properties. Furthermore, phenolic substances are introduced. The electron-rich π-system on the aromatic ring of the phenolic substances can attract the free ammonium cations through supramolecular forces, forming large molecular aggregates that lock the ammonium cations in place. Additionally, the hydroxyl groups on the phenolic substances can capture and fix the organic amines through supramolecular interactions (such as N···H hydrogen bonds), slowing down the rapid consumption of the organic amines and allowing them to slowly and continuously exert a neutralizing effect, thus eliminating the problem of decreased breakdown voltage and other physicochemical properties caused by the presence of free ammonium cations. Meanwhile, at the sites where hydrolysis forms ammonium cations, these cations preferentially form supramolecular aggregates with phenols. Due to the change in molecular size, these supramolecular aggregates accumulate near the hydrolysis site, continuously exerting an attraction and aggregation effect, thereby effectively improving the physicochemical properties of the coolant. Furthermore, as the molecular size of the formed supramolecular aggregates further increases, a co-adsorption protective layer can be formed on the surface of the metal materials in the energy storage device, preventing the metal from being acid-corroded. Simultaneously, phenols provide antioxidant properties to mineral oil, further improving its stability. Thus, this invention, by simultaneously introducing organic amines and phenols, achieves a balance of high insulation, high flame retardancy, and high thermal stability, extending the service life of the coolant and mitigating metal corrosion.

[0027] Specifically, the first aspect of the present invention provides a flame-retardant coolant, comprising a base oil, a flame retardant, and a stabilizer; The flame retardant includes halogenated hydrocarbons; The stabilizers include liquid organic amines and phenols.

[0028] In some embodiments, the liquid organic amine exhibits good compatibility with the base oil and flame retardant, which facilitates uniform dispersion of the coolant system, prevents stratification, and further promotes sufficient contact between the organic amine and the acidic substance, thereby improving neutralization efficiency. As a specific example, the organic amine includes one or more of diethylamine, triethylamine, dipropylamine, tripropylamine, allylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, cyclohexylamine, piperidine, N-methylpiperidine, triethanolamine, and monoethanolamine.

[0029] In some embodiments, the phenols include one or more of o-methylphenol, hydroquinone, thymol, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol. Thus, the phenols can attract and aggregate with ammonium cations to form supramolecular aggregates, thereby locking in the ammonium cations and preventing them from becoming free, eliminating the problem of decreased physicochemical properties such as breakdown voltage caused by the presence of free ammonium cations. Furthermore, due to the presence of phenolic hydroxyl groups, the phenols also have antioxidant properties, further improving the thermal stability of the coolant.

[0030] In some embodiments, the mass ratio of the organic amine to the phenol is 1:(8-12). Optimizing the mass ratio of organic amine to phenol is beneficial for further improving thermal stability and insulation properties. When the amount of phenol is too small, the mass ratio of organic amine to phenol will be too large, failing to lock in all free ammonium cations, resulting in insignificant improvement in insulation performance. When the amount of phenol is too large, the mass ratio of organic amine to phenol will be too small, leading to poor compatibility of the mixed system, resulting in turbidity and precipitation, which in turn has a significant impact on the system performance (such as insulation performance and stability).

[0031] In some specific embodiments, the mass ratio of the organic amine to the phenol is 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:11 or 1:12.

[0032] In some embodiments, the stabilizer accounts for 0.005%-0.5% of the total mass of the base oil and flame retardant. This allows for the formation of a flame-retardant coolant that balances high insulation, high flame retardancy, and high thermal stability. Insufficient stabilizer will not effectively improve the thermal stability of the coolant. Excessive stabilizer will lead to poor compatibility of the mixture, causing turbidity and precipitation, thus significantly impacting the system's performance.

[0033] In some specific embodiments, the stabilizer accounts for 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% or 0.5% of the total mass of the base oil and flame retardant.

[0034] In some embodiments, based on 100 parts by weight of the flame-retardant coolant, the amount of base oil is 10-50 parts by weight, and the amount of flame retardant is 50-90 parts by weight. Optimizing the ratio of base oil and flame retardant is beneficial for achieving a comprehensive improvement in flame-retardant and insulation properties. Of course, the amounts of base oil and flame retardant can be reasonably matched according to actual needs.

[0035] In some specific embodiments, based on 100 parts by weight of the flame-retardant coolant, the amount of the base oil is 10 parts by weight, 15 parts by weight, 20 parts by weight, 25 parts by weight, 30 parts by weight, 35 parts by weight, 40 parts by weight, 45 parts by weight, or 50 parts by weight.

[0036] In some specific embodiments, based on 100 parts by weight of the flame-retardant coolant, the amount of the flame retardant is 50 parts by weight, 55 parts by weight, 60 parts by weight, 65 parts by weight, 70 parts by weight, 75 parts by weight, 80 parts by weight, 85 parts by weight, or 90 parts by weight.

[0037] In some embodiments, the halogenated hydrocarbon includes one or more of tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,2-dibromohexafluoropropane, hexachloroacetone, hexachloropropylene, hexachlorobutadiene, and 1,4-dibromooctafluorobutane. The halogenated hydrocarbon exhibits good flame retardancy and excellent compatibility with the base oil, thereby allowing it to be uniformly dispersed in the base oil and improving the flame retardancy of the coolant.

[0038] In some embodiments, the base oil comprises mineral oil. The mineral oil comprises one or more of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons. The mineral oil not only possesses excellent insulating properties but also exhibits a stable molecular structure and non-polar characteristics, demonstrating superior thermal stability. Therefore, using the mineral oil can improve the thermal stability of the coolant.

[0039] In some specific embodiments, the mineral oil includes one or more of mineral oil No. 10, mineral oil No. 25, and mineral oil No. 45. The mineral oil is a hydrocarbon mineral oil, all of which are commercially available.

[0040] A second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing a flame-retardant coolant according to the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: The base oil, flame retardant, and stabilizer are mixed to obtain the flame-retardant coolant; The flame retardant includes halogenated hydrocarbons; The stabilizers include organic amines and phenols.

[0041] The preparation method of this invention is simple, has low production cost, and is suitable for large-scale industrial application. The flame-retardant coolant prepared by the method of this invention combines high insulation, flame retardancy, and thermal stability, and has a long service life.

[0042] In some embodiments, the mixing temperature can be 40°C-60°C, for example, 40°C, 45°C, 50°C, 55°C, or 60°C. Optimizing the mixing temperature helps to ensure that the components in the flame-retardant coolant are mixed evenly to form a homogeneous system, thus avoiding the deterioration of coolant performance caused by uneven mixing.

[0043] In some embodiments, the mixing time can be 5h-12h, for example 5h, 7h, 9h, 10h or 12h. By limiting the mixing time within the above range, it can be ensured that the base oil, flame retardant and stabilizer are fully mixed, and each component has enough time to diffuse throughout the mixture system, which can promote the uniform dissolution of the stabilizer into the base oil.

[0044] In some embodiments, the mixing is carried out under stirring. The stirring rate can be 600 r / min to 1000 r / min, for example, 600 r / min, 700 r / min, 800 r / min, 900 r / min or 1000 r / min. This invention does not impose any particular limitation on the mixing method; other commonly used methods can also be used in this invention.

[0045] A third aspect of the present invention provides an immersion energy storage device, comprising the flame-retardant coolant of the first aspect of the present invention or the flame-retardant coolant obtained by the method of the second aspect of the present invention.

[0046] Because of the use of the aforementioned flame-retardant coolant, the immersion energy storage device of the present invention has all the advantages of the flame-retardant coolant, which will not be elaborated here.

[0047] In some embodiments, the submersible energy storage device includes a housing, an energy storage structure disposed within the housing, and a flame-retardant coolant filled within the housing.

[0048] A fourth aspect of the present invention provides a data center comprising the flame-retardant coolant of the first aspect of the present invention or the flame-retardant coolant obtained by the method of the second aspect of the present invention.

[0049] Because of the use of the aforementioned flame-retardant coolant, the data center of the present invention possesses all the advantages of the flame-retardant coolant, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0050] The data center is a physical facility designed for centralized storage, processing, and exchange of data, including servers, storage devices, network equipment, and supporting systems (such as power supply systems and cooling systems). It is the core infrastructure for cloud computing and internet services. The cooling system may include the aforementioned flame-retardant coolant for server heat dissipation.

[0051] The fifth aspect of the present invention provides an electrical device, including the immersion energy storage device of the third aspect of the present invention or the data center of the fourth aspect of the present invention.

[0052] Because of the use of the aforementioned flame-retardant coolant, the electrical equipment of the present invention possesses all the advantages of the flame-retardant coolant, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0053] The present invention will be explained below with reference to embodiments. Those skilled in the art will understand that the following embodiments are for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting the scope of the invention. Where specific techniques or conditions are not specified in the embodiments, they are performed according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the product instructions. Reagents or instruments whose manufacturers are not specified are all conventional products that can be obtained commercially.

[0054] Example 1 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0055] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 1 were tested.

[0056] Example 2 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethanolamine and hydroquinone, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0057] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 2 were tested.

[0058] Example 3 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is monoethanolamine and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0059] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 3 were tested.

[0060] Example 4 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and thymol, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0061] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 4 were tested.

[0062] Example 5 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:8) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0063] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 5 were tested.

[0064] Example 6 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:12) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0065] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 6 were tested.

[0066] Example 7 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:5) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0067] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 7 were tested.

[0068] Example 8 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:15) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0069] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 8 were tested.

[0070] Example 9 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.005 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0071] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 9 were tested.

[0072] Example 10 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.5 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0073] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 10 were tested.

[0074] Example 11 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.001 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0075] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 11 were tested.

[0076] Example 12 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.6 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0077] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 12 were tested.

[0078] Example 13 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 10 parts by weight of No. 10 mineral oil, 90 parts by weight of tetrachloroethylene, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0079] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 13 were tested.

[0080] Example 14 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 50 parts by weight of No. 45 mineral oil, 50 parts by weight of hexachloroacetone, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0081] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 14 were tested.

[0082] Example 15 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 5 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 95 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0083] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 15 were tested.

[0084] Example 16 This embodiment provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 60 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 40 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0085] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Example 16 were tested.

[0086] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil and 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0087] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Comparative Example 1 were tested.

[0088] Comparative Example 2 This comparative example provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0089] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Comparative Example 2 were tested.

[0090] Comparative Example 3 This comparative example provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is o-methylphenol) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0091] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Comparative Example 3 were tested.

[0092] Comparative Example 4 This comparative example provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of ammonium polyphosphate, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and o-methylphenol, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0093] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Comparative Example 4 were tested.

[0094] Comparative Example 5 This comparative example provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is sodium hydroxide) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0095] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Comparative Example 5 were tested.

[0096] Comparative Example 6 This comparative example provides an immersion flame-retardant coolant, which is prepared by the following method: 15 parts by weight of No. 25 mineral oil, 85 parts by weight of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, and 0.05 parts by weight of stabilizer (the stabilizer is triethylamine and toluene, with a mass ratio of 1:10) are weighed and mixed at 45°C and 800 r / min for 6 hours to obtain the immersion flame-retardant coolant.

[0097] The physicochemical and safety properties of the immersion flame-retardant coolant prepared in Comparative Example 6 were tested.

[0098] Table 1 below lists the relevant parameters of the above embodiments and comparative examples.

[0099] Table 1

[0100] Performance testing Physicochemical performance testing: The acid value before aging, the acid value after aging at 80℃ for 168 hours, the kinematic viscosity before aging, the kinematic viscosity after aging at 80℃ for 168 hours, and the breakdown voltage of the immersion flame-retardant coolants prepared in the above examples and comparative examples were tested according to the test methods in SH / T 0836, GB / T 265, and GB / T 507, respectively. The test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0101] Safety performance test: Five 100% SOC battery cells (rated capacity 45Ah, operating voltage range 2.5-4.2V) were placed in a cell holder in series to simulate a five-cell series module, with the middle cell overcharged. The module was externally secured with clamps and immersed in coolant. After setup, 1C continuous charging was applied until overcharge triggered thermal runaway. Charging was then stopped, and the coolant was observed for any signs of combustion or explosion. The test results are shown in Table 2 below.

[0102] Table 2

[0103] Note: The acid value and kinematic viscosity after aging at 80℃ for 168 hours can reflect the thermal stability of the coolant.

[0104] Results and Discussion: By comparing the above embodiments and comparative examples, it can be seen that the present invention achieves a balance of high insulation, high flame retardancy and high thermal stability by simultaneously introducing organic amines and phenols into base oil and halogenated hydrocarbons, thereby extending the service life of the coolant.

[0105] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., refer to specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in connection with that embodiment or example, which are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. Moreover, without contradiction, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, as well as the features of different embodiments or examples.

[0106] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A flame-retardant coolant, characterized in that, Includes base oil, flame retardant, and stabilizer; The flame retardant includes halogenated hydrocarbons; The stabilizers include liquid organic amines and phenols.

2. The flame-retardant coolant according to claim 1, characterized in that, The organic amines include one or more of the following: diethylamine, triethylamine, dipropylamine, tripropylamine, allylamine, ethylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, cyclohexylamine, piperidine, N-methylpiperidine, triethanolamine, and monoethanolamine. The phenols include one or more of o-methylphenol, hydroquinone, thymol, and 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol.

3. The flame-retardant coolant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the organic amines to the phenols is 1:(8-12).

4. The flame-retardant coolant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The stabilizer accounts for 0.005%-0.5% of the total mass of the base oil and flame retardant.

5. The flame-retardant coolant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Based on 100 parts by weight of the flame-retardant coolant, the amount of the base oil is 10-50 parts by weight, and the amount of the flame retardant is 50-90 parts by weight.

6. The flame-retardant coolant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The halogenated hydrocarbons include one or more of tetrachloroethylene, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,2-dibromohexafluoropropane, hexachloroacetone, hexachloropropylene, hexachlorobutadiene, and 1,4-dibromooctafluorobutane. The base oil includes mineral oil; the mineral oil comprises one or more of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.

7. A method for preparing a flame-retardant coolant according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The base oil, flame retardant, and stabilizer are mixed to obtain the flame-retardant coolant; The flame retardant includes halogenated hydrocarbons; The stabilizers include organic amines and phenols.

8. A submersible energy storage device, characterized in that, The flame-retardant coolant includes any one of claims 1-6 or the flame-retardant coolant obtained by the method of claim 7.

9. A data center, characterized in that, The flame-retardant coolant includes any one of claims 1-6 or the flame-retardant coolant obtained by the method of claim 7.

10. An electrical appliance, characterized in that, This includes the immersion energy storage device as described in claim 8 or the data center as described in claim 9.

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