Landscape drop dam structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of crossing of ecological water conservancy projects and landscape buildings, in particular to a landscape drop dam structure and a construction method thereof.The landscape drop dam structure comprises an upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer, a dam body composite structure layer and a downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and scour prevention layer, and the upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer is connected with the dam body composite structure layer; the dam body composite structure layer is connected with the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and scour prevention layer, and the upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer is provided with a gravel water filtering layer and a landscape stone layer from bottom to top. The dam body composite structure layer sequentially comprises a rammed earth layer, a concrete cushion layer, a stone-buried concrete dam body, a waterproof mortar transition layer and a culture stone facing layer from bottom to top. The downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and scour prevention layer is a stepped multi-stage drop dam, and the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and scour prevention layer sequentially comprises a rammed earth layer, a concrete cushion layer, a concrete bottom plate, a pebble bed and an energy dissipation layer from bottom to top. The structure has the beneficial effects that the structure is stable, the energy dissipation effect is improved, and the running water scouring capacity is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the interdisciplinary field of ecological water conservancy engineering and landscape architecture, and in particular to a landscape drop dam structure and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] Ecological water conservancy projects emphasize fulfilling water conservancy functions while simultaneously considering ecological protection and landscape construction. In recent years, ecological water conservancy projects have developed rapidly, giving rise to many new technologies, materials, and processes. For example, technologies such as ecological concrete, vegetated concrete, and ecological slope protection achieve harmonious coexistence between engineering facilities and the ecological environment by simulating natural ecosystems. However, in the field of drop dams, ecological and landscape design still faces many challenges, such as balancing structural stability and ecological functions, refining construction techniques, and ensuring convenient long-term maintenance.

[0003] Traditional drop dams are mostly constructed of concrete or masonry, with a single function: primarily meeting water management needs. However, they lack aesthetic appeal and ecological functionality. With the increasing demand for eco-city construction, drop dams that combine ecological, aesthetic, and water management functions have become a research hotspot. However, while some existing drop dams attempt to use natural stone cladding, this approach suffers from poor structural stability, complex construction processes, and high maintenance costs. Specifically, traditional drop dams have the following problems: ① The landscape effect is monotonous, lacks natural beauty, and is difficult to integrate with the surrounding environment; ② The structure is simple and has weak erosion resistance, making it susceptible to damage from water flow. ③ The construction process is crude, making quality control difficult and prone to defects such as cracks and leaks; ④ It lacks ecological functions, has low biodiversity, and is difficult to form a stable ecosystem.

[0004] Chinese utility model patent CN212000954U, entitled "A Novel Waterfall Landscape Overflow Concrete Dam Structure," discloses a novel waterfall dam. The upper side of the dam body adopts a stepped design, forming a multi-tiered waterfall landscape during water flow. High-strength mortar is applied to the surface of the upper side of the dam body in contact with the water flow, and landscape stones are placed on top of the high-strength mortar, including upper, middle, and lower landscape stones. A downstream large stone cushion layer is arranged immediately downstream of the dam body. This effectively increases the range of landscape stone arrangement on the dam surface, forming a multi-tiered waterfall landscape and enhancing the aesthetic effect. Simultaneously, the multiple drops also enhance the energy dissipation effect on the water flow, mitigating erosion of the downstream riverbed. However, this structure only uses mortar pouring, resulting in low structural stability, weak mortar erosion resistance, poor energy dissipation effect, and poor safety. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a landscape drop dam structure and its construction method. Through structural optimization, material innovation, and construction process improvement, it solves the problem of balancing the landscape effect and structural safety of traditional drop dams, improves the overall stability of the dam body, enhances the energy dissipation effect, and increases the scouring capacity of flowing water.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention employs the following technical solution: A landscape drop dam structure includes an upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer, a dam body composite structure layer, and a downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion control layer. The upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer is connected to the dam body composite structure layer, and the dam body composite structure layer is connected to the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion control layer. The upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer consists of a crushed stone filter layer and a landscape stone layer from bottom to top. The dam body composite structure layer consists of a compacted soil layer, a concrete cushion layer, a buried stone concrete dam body, a waterproof mortar transition layer, and a cultural stone cladding layer from bottom to top. The downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion control layer is a stepped multi-stage drop dam, consisting of a compacted soil layer, a concrete cushion layer, a concrete base slab, a pebble layer, and an energy dissipation layer from bottom to top.

[0007] Furthermore, the compaction coefficient of the subsurface soil compacted layer of the dam body composite structure layer and the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and scour prevention layer is ≥0.93, and the thickness is ≥300mm.

[0008] Furthermore, the thickness of the concrete cushion layer of the dam body composite structure layer is 200mm to 250mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the buried stone rate of the buried stone concrete dam body in the composite structural layer of the dam body is ≥20%, and the stone blocks are evenly distributed with a diameter of 150mm to 300mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the cultural stone cladding layer of the dam body composite structure layer is made of cultural stone slate with ice crack patterns, the slate is 30mm to 40mm thick and Φ150mm to 600mm in diameter.

[0011] Furthermore, the thickness of the concrete cushion layer of the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion protection layer is 100mm to 150mm.

[0012] Furthermore, the thickness of the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion protection layer concrete base plate is 800mm to 850mm.

[0013] Furthermore, the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion protection layer uses M15 mortar blocks + stone gray pebbles, with a pebble diameter of 160mm to 200mm and a protrusion of 30mm to 50mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the energy dissipation layer of the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion protection layer uses small-diameter local stones with a particle size of 50mm to 100mm and a thickness of 200mm to 250mm.

[0015] A construction method for a landscape drop dam structure, the specific method including the following steps: S1. Construction preparation: surveying and setting out, foundation pit excavation, foundation treatment and material inspection upon arrival; Surveying and setting out: Precise measurements were taken using a total station. Excavation of the foundation pit: a combination of mechanical excavation and manual cleaning, with mechanical excavation to a depth of 300mm or more above the design elevation. Foundation treatment: radial replacement or reinforcement of weak foundations; S2, Construction of upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer: The top layer of landscape stones is made of local natural landscape stones with a thickness of 150mm to 600mm. The bottom layer is a gravel filter layer with a gravel thickness of ≥200mm and a gravel particle size of 20mm to 50mm. It is constructed using the dry masonry method, with the stones tightly interlocked. S3. Construction of the composite structural layer of the dam body: Compacted subgrade layer: Original soil is used for backfilling in layers, each 200mm thick, compacted with a vibratory plate compactor. Compaction degree is tested using the ring cutter method. The moisture content of the backfill soil is controlled at 10%–15% during construction. Concrete foundation: The skip-pour method is adopted. After the concrete is poured, it is covered and cured for no less than 7 days. Rock-buried concrete dam body: The buried stones are pre-wetted and poured using a layered vibration process, with each layer not exceeding 500mm in thickness; Waterproof mortar transition layer: Use 1:3 waterproof mortar, 30mm~35mm thick, mechanically mixed during construction; Finishing layer: The ice crack effect is created by manual tapping, and the gaps are filled with dark gray waterproof grout with a grouting depth of not less than 10mm. S4. Construction of downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and scour prevention layer: Both the compacted soil layer and the concrete cushion layer are constructed using the same method as in step S3. Pebble layer; constructed using the grouting method; Energy dissipation layer: laid on top of the pebble layer, using manual paving; S5. Quality Inspection and Acceptance: Conduct compaction, strength, appearance quality, and functional testing on each layer.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) This invention solves the problem of balancing the landscape effect and structural safety of traditional drop dams through structural optimization, material innovation and construction process improvement, thereby improving the overall stability of the dam body.

[0017] 2) The five-layer dam structure and the five-layer downstream energy dissipation structure are adopted. The structural hierarchy is optimized to achieve a unity of landscape effect, structural strength and energy dissipation function. The structure is stable, the energy dissipation effect is improved and the water scouring capacity is enhanced.

[0018] 3) Use local landscape stones, cultural stone slate and other natural materials to enhance the naturalness of the landscape, while use engineering materials such as C20 embedded stone concrete and M15 mortar-grouted masonry blocks to ensure structural stability and improve erosion resistance.

[0019] 4) Improvements to construction techniques such as layered vibration compaction of embedded stone concrete, ice crack finish construction, and skip-pour construction have improved construction quality and reduced construction defects.

[0020] 5) Through the design of upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer and downstream multi-level energy dissipation and erosion prevention layer, a stable ecosystem is formed, ecological function is improved, and biodiversity is enhanced. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the landscape drop dam structure described in this invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a top view of the landscape drop dam structure described in this invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 1. Upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer; 2. Dam body composite structure layer; 3. Downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion prevention layer. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings: like Figures 1-2 As shown, a landscape drop dam structure includes an upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer 1, a dam body composite structure layer 2, and a downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion control layer 3. The upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer 1 is connected to the dam body composite structure layer 2, and the dam body composite structure layer 2 is connected to the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion control layer 3. The upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer 1 consists of a gravel filter layer and a landscape stone layer from bottom to top. The dam body composite structure layer 2 consists of a compacted soil layer, a concrete cushion layer, a buried stone concrete dam body, a waterproof mortar transition layer, and a finishing layer from bottom to top. The downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion control layer 3 is a stepped multi-stage drop dam, consisting of a compacted soil layer, a concrete cushion layer, a concrete base slab, a pebble layer, and an energy dissipation layer from bottom to top.

[0025] Upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer 1 The upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer 1 is an important component of the landscape drop dam, directly affecting the overall landscape effect. The upper layer of landscape stones is paved with local natural landscape stones, with a diameter of 150-600mm, and is artificially assembled to create a natural revetment effect. It requires no cracks, no weathering, and a hard texture to meet both landscape effect and structural stability requirements. Gravel filter layer: A gravel filter layer with a thickness of not less than 200mm and a gravel particle size of 20-50mm is set at the bottom of the landscape stone layer to prevent the stone from shifting due to upstream water level fluctuations, while improving the permeability of the revetment and promoting water circulation. 2nd layer of dam composite structure The second composite structural layer of the dam body is the core component of the landscape drop dam, undertaking multiple functions including structural support, waterproofing and seepage prevention, and landscape decoration. It adopts a five-layer structural system, from bottom to top: a compacted soil layer, a concrete cushion layer, a buried stone concrete dam body, a waterproof mortar transition layer, and a cultural stone finishing layer. The specific design of each layer is as follows: Compacted subsoil layer: The compaction coefficient of the compacted subsoil layer is ≥0.93 and the thickness is ≥300mm.

[0026] Concrete cushion layer: C20 concrete is used, and the thickness of the concrete cushion layer is 200mm to 250mm.

[0027] Rock-embedded concrete dam body: C20 concrete is used, with a rock embedding rate of 20%, and the stones are evenly distributed with a diameter of 150-300mm. Waterproof mortar transition layer: The waterproof mortar transition layer uses 1:3 waterproof mortar with a thickness of 30mm.

[0028] Cultural stone veneer layer: using cultural stone slate with ice crack patterns, the slate is 30mm~40mm thick and Φ150mm~600mm in diameter.

[0029] Downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion protection layer 3 The downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and scour protection layer 3 is an important component of the landscape drop dam, responsible for energy dissipation, scour protection, and preventing damage from water flow erosion. It employs a five-layer scour protection and energy dissipation system, from bottom to top: a compacted soil layer, a concrete cushion layer, a concrete base slab, a masonry layer, and an energy dissipation stone layer. The specific design of each layer is as follows: Compacted subsoil layer: The compaction coefficient of the compacted subsoil layer is ≥0.93 and the thickness is ≥300mm.

[0030] Concrete foundation: C20 commercial concrete, 100mm thick.

[0031] Concrete base slab: C20 commercial concrete, 800mm thick.

[0032] Pebble layer: M15 mortar blocks + stone gray pebbles, with a diameter of 160-200mm and protruding 30-50mm to form natural energy dissipation steps.

[0033] Energy dissipation layer: Small-diameter local stones, 50-100mm in diameter and 200mm thick, are laid on top of the masonry block layer to further reduce the energy of water flow and prevent water erosion damage.

[0034] Construction method: S1. Construction Preparation Construction preparation is a crucial step in the construction of landscape drop dams, directly impacting the smooth progress of subsequent construction. Construction preparation includes surveying and setting out, foundation pit excavation, foundation treatment, and inspection of incoming materials. Specifically: Surveying and setting out: Determine the dam axis and elevation control points according to the design drawings, and use a total station to conduct precise measurements to ensure the accuracy of the setting out; Excavation of the foundation pit: A combination of mechanical excavation and manual cleaning is adopted. Mechanical excavation is carried out to 300mm above the design elevation, and manual cleaning is reserved to ensure that the foundation is flat and undisturbed. Foundation treatment: Replace or reinforce weak foundations, such as by using sand and gravel for replacement or compaction, to ensure that the bearing capacity of the foundation meets the design requirements; Material inspection upon arrival: Conduct on-site inspection of materials required for construction, such as concrete, stone, and mortar, to ensure that the quality of the materials meets the design requirements.

[0035] S2, Construction of upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer 1 The construction of the upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer 1 includes stone selection, paving technology, construction of the crushed stone filter layer, and fixing measures. Specifically: Landscape stone layer stone selection: Local natural landscape stones should be selected, requiring no cracks, no weathering, hard texture, and a diameter of 150-600mm, to meet the requirements of landscape effect and structural stability. Landscape stone paving process: Dry-laying method is used, with stones tightly interlocked to form a natural and stable revetment structure. During paving, the stones are arranged according to the design pattern to ensure an orderly and aesthetically pleasing arrangement. Construction of gravel filter layer: A gravel filter layer with a thickness of not less than 200mm and a gravel particle size of 20-50mm is set at the bottom of the landscape stone layer to prevent stone displacement caused by upstream water level fluctuations, while improving the permeability of the revetment and promoting water circulation. Fixing measures: Stainless steel anchor rods are used to fix protruding stones to ensure the stability of the stones and prevent displacement caused by water erosion.

[0036] Construction of S3 Dam Composite Structure Layer 2 The construction of the dam's composite structural layer 2 includes the construction of the compacted soil layer, the concrete cushion layer, the embedded rock concrete dam body, the waterproof mortar transition layer, and the cultural stone finishing layer. Specifically: ①Construction of compacted subsoil layer The compacted subgrade layer is constructed by backfilling the original soil in layers, each 200mm thick, using a vibratory plate compactor. The compaction degree is tested using the ring cutter method to ensure a compaction coefficient ≥ 0.93. During the construction of the compacted subgrade layer, the moisture content of the backfill soil must be controlled between 10% and 15% to ensure effective compaction.

[0037] ② Concrete foundation construction The concrete foundation layer uses C20 commercial concrete, with a thickness of 200mm, to serve as the dam foundation and improve overall stability. During the construction of the concrete foundation layer, the skip-pour method is used to reduce shrinkage cracks. After the concrete is poured, it is promptly covered and cured for at least 7 days.

[0038] ③ Construction of buried stone concrete dam body The embedded-stone concrete dam body uses C20 concrete with an embedded-stone ratio of 20%, and the stones are evenly distributed with a diameter of 150-300mm. During construction, the stones need to be pre-wetted, and a layered vibration process is used during pouring, with each layer not exceeding 500mm in thickness to ensure a tight bond between the stones and the concrete, free from defects such as voids and honeycombing. The embedded-stone concrete dam body improves the shear strength and scour resistance of the dam body through the interlocking effect of the stones.

[0039] ④ Construction of waterproof mortar transition layer The waterproof mortar transition layer uses 1:3 waterproof mortar with a thickness of 30mm to improve the dam's impermeability. During construction, mechanical mixing is used to ensure uniform mortar application, with the thickness controlled at 30±2mm.

[0040] ⑤ Construction of cultural stone veneer layer The cultural stone veneer layer uses φ150-600mm cultural stone slate, which is artificially hammered to create an ice-crack effect. The gaps are filled with dark gray waterproof grout, with a grouting depth of no less than 10mm, to ensure waterproof performance and aesthetic appeal. During the construction of the cultural stone veneer layer, the stone needs to be cut and manually hammered to create ice-crack patterns, ensuring the cracks are natural and beautiful. At the same time, the gaps are filled with dark gray waterproof grout to improve waterproof performance and aesthetic appeal.

[0041] S4 downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and scour prevention layer 3 construction The construction of the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion control layer 3 includes the construction of the compacted soil layer, the concrete cushion layer, the concrete base slab, the mortar-grouted masonry layer, and the energy dissipation stone layer. Specifically: ①Construction of compacted subsoil layer The compacted subgrade layer is constructed by backfilling the original soil in layers, each 200mm thick, using a vibratory plate compactor. Compaction degree is tested using the ring cutter method to ensure a compaction coefficient ≥ 0.93. During the construction of the compacted subgrade layer, the moisture content of the backfill soil must be controlled to ensure effective compaction.

[0042] ② Concrete foundation construction The concrete cushion layer uses C20 ready-mixed concrete, 100mm thick, to serve as the foundation for the slab and improve overall stability. During the construction of the concrete cushion layer, a skip-pour method is used to reduce shrinkage cracks. The concrete is covered and cured promptly after pouring, with a curing time of no less than 7 days.

[0043] ③ Concrete base slab construction The concrete base slab is made of C20 commercial concrete, with a thickness of 800mm, and is designed to withstand the impact of downstream water flow. During the construction of the concrete base slab, a skip-pour method is used to reduce shrinkage cracks. The concrete is covered and cured promptly after pouring, with a curing time of no less than 7 days.

[0044] ④ Construction of pebble layer The pebble layer consists of M15 mortar-grouted blocks and grey pebbles, with pebbles 160-200mm in diameter and protruding 30-50mm to form natural energy dissipation steps. During construction of the mortar-grouted block layer, the mortar-bedding method is used, ensuring full mortar between the stones and controlling the protrusion height to 30-50mm to create natural energy dissipation steps and improve energy dissipation efficiency.

[0045] ⑤ Construction of energy dissipation layer The energy dissipation stone layer uses small-diameter local stones, 50-100mm in diameter and 200mm thick, laid on top of the masonry block layer to further reduce water flow energy and prevent water erosion. During construction, the energy dissipation stone layer is laid manually, with the stones tightly packed together to ensure effective energy dissipation.

[0046] S5. Quality Inspection and Acceptance Quality inspection and acceptance are crucial steps in the construction of landscape drop dams, ensuring that the project quality meets design requirements. Quality inspection includes compaction testing, concrete strength testing, appearance quality testing, and functional testing. Specifically: Compaction degree test: The compaction degree of the subgrade compacted layer is tested using the ring cutter method to ensure that the compaction coefficient is ≥0.93; Concrete strength testing: The compressive strength of the test blocks is used to ensure that the concrete strength meets the design requirements; Appearance quality inspection: Check the uniformity of ice cracks in the finishing layer, the filling of grout, and the orderly arrangement of stones to ensure the landscape effect; Functional testing: Testing the dam's waterproof performance, energy dissipation effect, etc., to ensure that it meets design requirements.

[0047] Example: The specific implementation process of the drop dam in this embodiment of the invention is as follows: Construction preparation and foundation pit treatment: Use a total station to locate the dam axis and elevation control points, with a precision error ≤ ±5 mm. After the mechanical excavation of the foundation pit reaches 300 mm above the design elevation, manual bottom cleaning is carried out. The slope is sloped at 1:1.5 and a drainage ditch is set; for soft foundations, the sand-gravel replacement method is used for layered compaction, with a thickness of 200 mm and a compaction coefficient ≥ 0.93. When encountering silty soil, Φ300 mm lime piles are used for reinforcement, arranged in a plum blossom shape with a spacing of 1.0 m.

[0048] Construction of the upstream revetment layer: Natural landscape stones with a diameter of 150 - 600 mm are arranged and pieced in a "pin" shape, with a void ratio ≤ 15%. The protruding stones are fixed with Φ12 stainless steel anchor rods, and the anchoring depth ≥ 500 mm; a 200 mm thick graded gravel with a particle size of 20 - 50 mm is laid for the gravel filter layer, with a mud content ≤ 3%, and a geotextile filter layer is set at the bottom.

[0049] Construction of the dam composite layer: The plain soil is backfilled in layers with a thickness of 200 mm. After compaction with a vibrating plate compactor, the compactness is detected by the ring knife method. 3 points are sampled per 100㎡, and the coefficient ≥ 0.93; The C20 concrete cushion layer is constructed by the alternate bay method, with each block ≤ 6 m × 6 m. After pouring, it is covered with geotextile for 7 days of maintenance; The stones in the stone-infilled concrete dam body are pre-wetted, with a moisture content of 8 - 12%. The layered vibration compaction thickness ≤ 500 mm is ensured to make the stones and concrete closely combined without voids; The waterproof mortar transition layer is mechanically stirred and then smeared with a thickness of 30 ± 2 mm, and the surface flatness error of the three-time polishing ≤ 3 mm; The cultural stone veneer layer is manually knocked to form ice crack patterns, and the gaps are filled with dark gray waterproof caulking agent, with a depth ≥ 10 mm.

[0050] Construction of the downstream energy dissipation layer: The concrete floor slab is reinforced with a double-layer Φ12@200 steel mesh, with a thickness of 800 mm; The M15 mortar rubble layer is constructed by the mortar bedding method. Cobblestones with a diameter of 160 - 200 mm protrude 30 - 50 mm to form energy dissipation steps, and the mortar fullness ≥ 90%; The energy dissipation stone layer is laid with small-sized stones with a particle size of 50 - 100 mm, with a thickness of 200 mm, and a 5% transverse drainage slope is set.

[0051] S2 Quality control and auxiliary measures: Quality inspection standards: The compactness of the plain soil compaction layer is detected by the ring knife method (3 points are sampled per 100㎡ for each layer, and the qualification rate ≥ 95%); For concrete, 3 groups of test blocks are made per 100 m³, and the 28-day compressive strength ≥ 20 MPa; The appearance quality such as the uniformity of the ice crack patterns on the veneer layer and the fullness of the caulking agent filling is visually inspected, and the qualification rate ≥ 90%; The waterproof performance of the dam is verified through a water injection test, with a leakage rate of ≤ 5 L / ㎡ in 24 hours. The energy dissipation effect is verified through a hydraulic model test, and the flow velocity attenuation rate ≥ 40%.

[0052] Safety and environmental protection measures: The construction area is enclosed by a 1.8m high fence, warning signs are hung in dangerous areas, and construction personnel wear safety protective equipment; construction wastewater is treated in a sedimentation tank of ≥50m³ before being discharged, dust is controlled by mist cannons, and the PM2.5 concentration is ≤75μg / m³; waste is sorted and recycled, stone waste is used for energy dissipation stone paving, and concrete waste is used for foundation replacement, so as to realize resource recycling.

[0053] Process management requirements: Quality inspections must be conducted after each layer of construction is completed, including compaction, strength, appearance, and functionality testing; before construction materials arrive on site, natural landscape stones must be tested for compressive strength ≥30MPa, cultured slate for water absorption ≤5%, and concrete mix design verification must be performed, with a 28-day strength ≥20MPa; benchmark points must be regularly checked during construction to ensure the accuracy of axis and elevation control. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A landscape drop dam structure, comprising an upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer, a dam body composite structure layer, and a downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion prevention layer, characterized in that, The upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer is connected to the dam body composite structure layer, and the dam body composite structure layer is connected to the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion control layer. The upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer consists of a crushed stone filter layer and a landscape stone layer from bottom to top. The dam body composite structure layer consists of a compacted soil layer, a concrete cushion layer, a buried stone concrete dam body, a waterproof mortar transition layer, and a finishing layer from bottom to top. The downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion control layer is a stepped multi-stage drop dam. The downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion control layer consists of a compacted soil layer, a concrete cushion layer, a concrete base slab, a pebble layer, and an energy dissipation layer from bottom to top.

2. The landscape drop dam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The compaction coefficient of the compacted soil layer of the dam composite structure layer and the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and scour prevention layer is ≥0.93, and the thickness is ≥300mm.

3. The landscape drop dam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the concrete cushion layer of the dam body composite structure layer is 200mm to 250mm.

4. The landscape drop dam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The buried stone rate of the buried stone concrete dam body of the composite structural layer of the dam body is ≥20%, and the stone blocks are evenly distributed with a diameter of 150mm to 300mm.

5. A landscape drop dam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cladding layer of the dam's composite structure layer is made of cultural slate with ice crack patterns, with a thickness of 30mm to 40mm and a diameter of Φ150mm to 600mm.

6. The landscape drop dam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the concrete cushion layer of the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion protection layer is 100mm to 150mm.

7. A landscape drop dam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion protection layer concrete base plate is 800mm to 850mm.

8. A landscape drop dam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion protection layer consists of M15 mortar blocks and gray pebbles with a diameter of 160mm to 200mm and a protrusion of 30mm to 50mm.

9. A landscape drop dam structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The energy dissipation layer of the downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and erosion protection layer uses small-diameter local stones with a particle size of 50mm to 100mm and a thickness of 200mm to 250mm.

10. A construction method for a landscape drop dam structure based on any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The specific method includes the following steps: S1. Construction preparation: surveying and setting out, foundation pit excavation, foundation treatment and material inspection upon arrival; Surveying and setting out: Precise measurements were taken using a total station. Excavation of the foundation pit: a combination of mechanical excavation and manual cleaning, with mechanical excavation to a depth of 300mm or more above the design elevation. Foundation treatment: radial replacement or reinforcement of weak foundations; S2, Construction of upstream ecological landscape stone revetment layer: The top layer of landscape stones is made of local natural landscape stones with a thickness of 150mm to 600mm. The bottom layer is a gravel filter layer with a gravel thickness of ≥200mm and a gravel particle size of 20mm to 50mm. It is constructed using the dry masonry method, with the stones tightly interlocked. S3. Construction of the composite structural layer of the dam body: Compacted subgrade: The original soil is backfilled in layers, each 200mm thick, and compacted with a vibratory plate. The compaction degree is tested using the ring cutter method. The moisture content of the backfill soil is controlled at 10% to 15% during construction. Concrete foundation: The skip-pour method is adopted. After the concrete is poured, it is covered and cured for no less than 7 days. Rock-buried concrete dam body: The buried stones are pre-wetted and poured using a layered vibration process, with each layer not exceeding 500mm in thickness; Waterproof mortar transition layer: Use 1:3 waterproof mortar, 30mm~35mm thick, mechanically mixed during construction; Finishing layer: The ice crack effect is created by manual tapping, and the gaps are filled with dark gray waterproof grout with a grouting depth of not less than 10mm. S4. Construction of downstream multi-stage energy dissipation and scour prevention layer: Both the compacted soil layer and the concrete cushion layer are constructed using the same method as in step S3. Pebble layer; constructed using the grouting method; Energy dissipation layer: laid on top of the pebble layer, using manual paving; S5. Quality Inspection and Acceptance: Conduct compaction, strength, appearance quality, and functional testing on each layer.

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