Ship flue gas waste heat comprehensive utilization and carbon storage device

Abstract

The invention discloses a ship flue gas waste heat comprehensive utilization and carbon storage device, and relates to the technical field of ship energy utilization and environmental protection, and the ship flue gas waste heat comprehensive utilization and carbon storage device comprises a flue gas waste heat recovery unit, a cooling unit, a water circulation subsystem and a carbon capture subsystem; the flue gas waste heat recovery unit is used for recovering waste heat of engine tail gas and cylinder sleeve water; the water circulation subsystem comprises at least one first adsorption bed, an evaporator, an expansion power generation unit and a condenser; the first adsorption bed is used for reversibly adsorbing and desorbing water vapor; the evaporator is used for providing water vapor in the adsorption stage of the first adsorption bed; water vapor desorbed by the first adsorption bed is used for driving the expansion power generation unit to do work and then enters the condenser; the second adsorption bed is used for reversibly adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide; the second adsorption bed is used for treating the introduced flue gas in the adsorption stage so as to capture carbon dioxide in the flue gas and conveying the desorbed carbon dioxide to the carbon storage device in the desorption stage. The device is simple in structure and high in energy comprehensive utilization efficiency, and has a carbon capture function.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ship energy utilization and environmental protection technology, and in particular to a device for comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage. Background Technology

[0002] With the International Maritime Organization (IMO) imposing increasingly stringent regulations on greenhouse gas emissions from ships, the shipbuilding industry's technological needs in energy conservation, emission reduction, waste heat recovery, and carbon capture are becoming increasingly urgent. Currently, the exhaust gas emitted by ship engines has high temperatures and fluctuates greatly in flow rate, with a significant amount of low-temperature waste heat failing to be effectively utilized and often being directly released into the environment, resulting in energy waste. Meanwhile, existing ship exhaust gas treatment systems primarily focus on desulfurization and denitrification, lacking efficient and integrated solutions for carbon dioxide capture.

[0003] In terms of waste heat utilization, traditional technologies mostly employ single heat exchange or Rankine cycle power generation, which have limited energy conversion efficiency and are difficult to achieve combined cooling, heating, electricity, and water generation. Regarding carbon capture, the absorption or adsorption carbon capture systems commonly used in onshore power plants generally suffer from problems such as large equipment size, high energy consumption, and complex operation, making them difficult to directly adapt to the unique environment of ships with their compact spaces and fluctuating operating conditions.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a ship waste heat recovery system that is simple in structure, highly efficient in comprehensive energy utilization, and also has carbon capture function, in order to address the dual challenges of energy conservation and environmental protection in the shipbuilding industry. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device for the comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It has a simple structure, high energy utilization efficiency, and carbon capture function.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: This invention provides a device for the comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage, comprising: a flue gas waste heat recovery unit, a cooling unit, a water circulation subsystem, and a carbon capture subsystem; the flue gas waste heat recovery unit is used to recover waste heat from engine exhaust and cylinder liner water; the cooling unit is used to introduce seawater as a cold source; the water circulation subsystem includes at least one first adsorption bed, an evaporator, an expansion power generation unit, and a condenser; the first adsorption bed is used for reversible adsorption and desorption of water vapor; the evaporator is used to provide water vapor during the adsorption stage of the first adsorption bed; the water vapor desorbed by the first adsorption bed during the desorption stage is used to drive the expansion power generation unit to do work, and then enters the condenser; the carbon capture subsystem includes at least one second adsorption bed and a carbon storage device; the second adsorption bed is used for reversible adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide; the second adsorption bed processes the incoming flue gas during the adsorption stage to capture carbon dioxide therein, and transports the desorbed carbon dioxide to the carbon storage device during the desorption stage; wherein, the flue gas waste heat recovery unit and the cooling unit are respectively connected to the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed through pipelines to provide the heat and cooling required to drive their adsorption / desorption cycle.

[0007] Preferably, the water circulation subsystem includes two first adsorption beds, which are controlled by valves to alternately perform adsorption and desorption operations on water vapor, thereby achieving continuous operation of the water circulation subsystem; the carbon capture subsystem includes two second adsorption beds, which are controlled by valves to alternately perform adsorption and desorption operations on flue gas, thereby achieving continuous operation of the carbon capture subsystem.

[0008] Preferably, the evaporator is connected to a seawater source to evaporate seawater to directly provide water vapor for the adsorption stage of the first adsorption bed.

[0009] Preferably, both the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed include a shell, an internal adsorbent bed, and a heat pipe embedded in the adsorbent bed; the heat pipe is used to exchange heat with the circulating working medium to heat or cool the adsorbent bed in a non-contact manner.

[0010] Preferably, the flue gas waste heat recovery unit includes a first heat exchanger, and the cooling unit includes a second heat exchanger; the first heat exchanger is connected to a first circulation pipeline for circulating a medium heated by flue gas or cylinder liner water; the second heat exchanger is connected to a second circulation pipeline for circulating a medium cooled by seawater. The heat pipe forms a common pipe section that is coupled to each other in the first circulation pipe and the second circulation pipe. The heating medium in the first circulation pipe flows through the common pipe section to release heat, and the cooling medium in the second circulation pipe flows through the common pipe section to absorb heat, thereby realizing the alternating heating and cooling of the adsorbent bed through the same heat pipe assembly.

[0011] Preferably, the water circulation subsystem further includes a freshwater tank for storing liquid water produced by the condenser; and / or, the heat-dissipating side of the condenser is connected to a first heating device for providing thermal energy.

[0012] Preferably, the heat-absorbing side of the evaporator is connected to a refrigeration device to provide cooling energy.

[0013] Preferably, the adsorbent packed in the first adsorption bed is suitable for reversibly adsorbing and desorbing water vapor; the adsorbent packed in the second adsorption bed is suitable for reversibly adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide.

[0014] Preferably, it further includes a second heating device, which is connected to the second circulation pipeline and is connected in parallel with the cooling unit.

[0015] Preferably, both the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed include multiple sub-adsorption units, each of which includes the adsorbent bed and a heat pipe embedded in the adsorbent bed; the multiple sub-adsorption units of the first adsorption bed are arranged in parallel, and the multiple sub-adsorption units of the second adsorption bed are arranged in series.

[0016] The present invention achieves the following technical effects compared to the prior art: This embodiment uses the waste heat from ship exhaust and cylinder liner water as a heat source and seawater as a cold source to periodically heat and cool the first and second adsorption beds. The first adsorption bed, together with the expansion power generation unit and condenser, enables the system to generate electricity and produce water. The second adsorption bed, together with the carbon storage device, achieves carbon capture, reducing the direct CO2 emissions from the ship. Therefore, the system has the functions of carbon capture, water production and power generation, realizing the synergistic and comprehensive utilization of energy and multi-functional integration. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ship flue gas waste heat comprehensive utilization and carbon storage device provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first adsorption bed in another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an expansion power generation unit in another embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second adsorption bed in another embodiment of the present invention; In the diagram: 1-Exhaust gas heat exchanger; 2-Cylinder liner water heat exchanger; 3-Cooling unit; 4-Second adsorption bed; 7-First adsorption bed; 9-Expander; 10-Generator; 11-Battery; 12-Condenser; 13-Second heating device; 14-Fresh water tank; 15-Evaporator; 16-Refrigeration device; 17-Flue gas pretreatment unit; 18-Engine; 19-First heating device; 20-Flue gas waste heat recovery unit; 21-Expander power generation unit; 22-Control valve; 23-Aviation connector; 401-Main air inlet; 402-Air outlet; 404-Inspection port; 405-Sub-adsorption unit of the second adsorption bed; 701-Bottom cavity; 702-Top cavity; 703-Inner cavity; 704-Medium vapor distribution pipeline; 705-Water vapor inlet; 706-Water vapor outlet; 707-Heat pipe; 708-MOF composite adsorbent layer.

[0019] Figure 1 In the diagram, the blue lines represent the cooling water circuit, i.e., the second circulation pipeline. The red lines represent the heating pipeline, i.e., the first circulation pipeline. The gray lines represent the flue gas pipeline. The green lines represent the emission channels for the flue gas after CO2 removal. The yellow lines represent the transmission channels for the CO2 generated during desorption. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device for the comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art. It has a simple structure, high energy utilization efficiency, and carbon capture function.

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0023] The following is combined Figures 1 to 4 The following describes embodiments of the present invention.

[0024] Example 1 This invention provides a device for the comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage, which can be used in actual engineering or simulation experiments. It includes: a waste heat recovery unit 20, a cooling unit 3, a water circulation subsystem, and a carbon capture subsystem; the waste heat recovery unit 20 is used to recover waste heat from the exhaust gas of engine 18 and cylinder liner water; the cooling unit 3 is used to introduce seawater as a cold source; the water circulation subsystem includes at least one first adsorption bed 7, an evaporator 15, an expansion power generation unit 21, and a condenser 12; the first adsorption bed 7 is used for reversible adsorption and desorption of water vapor; the evaporator 15 is used to provide water vapor during the adsorption stage of the first adsorption bed 7; the water vapor desorbed by the first adsorption bed 7 during the desorption stage is used for… The gas is driven to expand and generate electricity in unit 21, and then enters condenser 12. The carbon capture subsystem includes at least one second adsorption bed 4 and a carbon storage device. The second adsorption bed 4 is used for reversible adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide. The second adsorption bed 4 processes the incoming flue gas in the adsorption stage to capture carbon dioxide therein, and in the desorption stage, it transports the desorbed carbon dioxide to the carbon storage device. The flue gas waste heat recovery unit 20 and the cooling unit 3 are respectively connected to the first adsorption bed 7 and the second adsorption bed 4 through pipelines to provide the heat and cooling required to drive their adsorption / desorption cycle.

[0025] In this embodiment, the waste heat from ship exhaust and cylinder liner water is used as a heat source, and seawater is used as a cold source to periodically heat and cool the first adsorption bed 7 and the second adsorption bed 4. The first adsorption bed 7, together with the expansion power generation unit 21 and the condenser 12, enables the system to generate electricity and produce water. The second adsorption bed 4, together with the carbon storage device, achieves carbon capture and reduces the direct emission of CO2 from the ship. Therefore, the system has the functions of carbon capture, water production and power generation, realizing the synergistic and comprehensive utilization of energy and multi-functional integration.

[0026] It should be noted that the reason why this application generates electricity by first adsorbing water vapor in the first adsorption bed 7 and then releasing the water vapor is that, in the water circulation subsystem, the evaporator 15 operates in a low-pressure environment, allowing water (whether seawater or system circulating water) to evaporate at a lower temperature. This process mainly serves the refrigeration function and produces low-temperature, low-pressure water vapor. However, this low-pressure water vapor cannot directly and effectively drive the expander 9 to generate electricity due to its extremely low thermodynamic grade (temperature and pressure).

[0027] This application adds a first adsorption bed 7 as an intermediate structure to overcome the above problems.

[0028] Adsorption stage (energy storage and grade conversion): When the first adsorption bed 7 is cooled by the cooling unit 3, the adsorbent inside it has a strong adsorption capacity for the low-pressure water vapor generated by the evaporator 15. The adsorption process not only maintains the low-pressure environment required by the evaporator 15 and promotes continuous evaporative cooling, but more importantly, it transforms water vapor molecules from a free state to an adsorbed state, storing energy in the form of adsorption potential energy.

[0029] Desorption stage (energy release and grade enhancement): When the first adsorption bed 7 is heated by the medium-temperature waste heat provided by the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 20, the water molecules in the adsorbent gain energy and desorb. Because the equilibrium vapor pressure of the adsorbent increases significantly at high temperatures, the pressure of the desorbed water vapor is much higher than the pressure inside the evaporator 15, forming a medium-temperature, medium-pressure steam flow. This enhanced steam has sufficient work-generating capacity to effectively drive the expansion power generation unit 21 to generate electricity.

[0030] This process is essentially a thermally driven steam pressure boosting cycle: utilizing the low-temperature waste heat of the ship, and through the adsorption-desorption characteristics of the adsorbent, low-temperature, low-pressure steam (low-grade thermal energy) is converted into medium-temperature, medium-pressure steam (higher-grade thermal energy), thereby achieving: Improved energy quality: Enables low-grade waste heat, which was originally unable to generate electricity directly, to generate electricity.

[0031] Energy conversion: converting unstable and difficult-to-use waste heat into stable electrical energy.

[0032] Multifunctional synergy: It simultaneously achieves the dual functions of refrigeration (evaporation and heat absorption) and power generation (steam expansion and work) in the same cycle.

[0033] Therefore, the "adsorption followed by desorption" process of the first adsorption bed 7 is not a simple steam transfer, but the core mechanism by which the entire system can efficiently convert low-grade waste heat into electrical energy and realize combined cooling and power generation. It is also the key technological innovation point that distinguishes this application from the traditional direct evaporation power generation scheme.

[0034] In some embodiments, the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 20 includes an exhaust gas heat exchanger 1 and a cylinder liner water heat exchanger 2, which are used to exchange heat with the flue gas and the cylinder liner water, respectively.

[0035] In some embodiments, the expansion power generation unit 21 includes an expander 9 and a generator 10, wherein the expander 9 may be a steam turbine.

[0036] In some embodiments, the water circulation subsystem includes two first adsorption beds 7, which are controlled by valves to alternately perform adsorption and desorption operations on water vapor, so as to achieve continuous operation of the water circulation subsystem; the carbon capture subsystem includes two second adsorption beds 4, which are controlled by valves to alternately perform adsorption and desorption operations on flue gas, so as to achieve continuous operation of the carbon capture subsystem.

[0037] This embodiment employs a design with two adsorption beds operating in parallel and alternately, achieving continuity in the adsorption and desorption processes and avoiding the intermittent shutdowns that occur with single-bed operation. In the water circulation subsystem, while one bed is adsorbing for cooling / water production, the other bed can simultaneously desorb and generate electricity, thus ensuring a continuous and stable supply of cold, heat, electricity, and water. In the carbon capture subsystem, the alternating adsorption and desorption of the two beds ensures uninterrupted carbon dioxide capture, improving carbon capture efficiency and system processing capacity. The valve control switching logic is simple and reliable, easily facilitating automated control and enhancing the overall system stability and practicality.

[0038] In other alternative implementations, a three-bed or multi-bed rotation strategy can be adopted to further optimize the matching of adsorption capacity and regeneration time, suitable for treating flue gas with larger flow rates or higher concentrations. Furthermore, the valve control system can employ pneumatic, electric, or hydraulic actuators and integrate pressure and temperature feedback to achieve more precise switching control.

[0039] In some embodiments, the evaporator 15 is connected to a seawater source to evaporate seawater to directly provide water vapor for the adsorption stage of the first adsorption bed 7.

[0040] In this embodiment, the evaporator 15 directly uses seawater as its water source, generating water vapor through seawater evaporation for use in the adsorption bed. This design offers multiple benefits. First, seawater resources are abundant and readily available, eliminating the need for additional freshwater storage as a working medium and reducing the system's dependence on freshwater resources. Second, the seawater evaporation process itself has a cooling effect, enhancing the cooling output capacity of the evaporator 15. Furthermore, this method indirectly integrates the seawater desalination process into the system cycle, providing a foundation for potential future expansion into freshwater replenishment, and enhancing the system's self-sufficiency and practicality during ocean voyages.

[0041] In other alternative embodiments, the evaporator 15 may also use recycled fresh water from the condenser 12 or externally supplied fresh water as its water source, to suit situations with stricter requirements on equipment corrosion resistance or poor seawater quality. Furthermore, a filtration and pretreatment device can be added to the seawater inlet pipeline to reduce the risk of scaling and clogging in the evaporator 15.

[0042] In some embodiments, both the first adsorption bed 7 and the second adsorption bed 4 include a shell, an internal adsorbent bed, and a heat pipe 707 embedded in the adsorbent bed; the heat pipe 707 is used to exchange heat with the circulating working medium to heat or cool the adsorbent bed in a non-contact manner.

[0043] This embodiment uses a heat pipe 707 as the core heat transfer component, achieving non-contact heat exchange between the adsorbent and external heat / cold sources. Because the working fluid inside the heat pipe 707 transfers heat through phase change, its heat transfer efficiency is far higher than conventional convection or conduction methods, significantly shortening the heating and cooling time of the adsorption bed and increasing the circulation frequency and system power density. Simultaneously, the non-contact design avoids direct contact between seawater or flue gas and the adsorbent, preventing contamination, corrosion, or erosion of the adsorbent, and significantly improving the adsorbent's service life and the long-term stability of the system. This structure is particularly suitable for applications requiring high equipment reliability in marine environments.

[0044] In other alternative embodiments, the heat pipe 707 can be replaced with an embedded coil, finned tube, or microchannel heat exchanger, and its contact with the adsorbent bed can be enhanced by thermally conductive adhesive or metal sintering to adapt to different adsorbent morphologies and filling methods. Furthermore, an insulation layer can be added to the outside of the heat pipe 707 to reduce heat loss.

[0045] It should be noted that the heat pipe 707 embedded in the adsorbent bed in this embodiment is part of the structure of the split heat pipe heat exchanger, and the other part of the structure of the split heat pipe heat exchanger is used as part of the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 20 and the cooling unit 3.

[0046] This embodiment adopts the principle of split heat pipe heat exchange, which improves the thermal conductivity while completely isolating the adsorption bed from direct cooling by seawater, thereby improving the stability and cycle life of the system.

[0047] In some embodiments, the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 20 includes a first heat exchanger, and the cooling unit 3 includes a second heat exchanger; the first heat exchanger is connected to a first circulation pipeline for circulating a medium heated by flue gas or cylinder liner water; the second heat exchanger is connected to a second circulation pipeline for circulating a medium cooled by seawater. The heat pipe 707 forms a common pipe section that is coupled to the first circulation pipe and the second circulation pipe. The heating medium in the first circulation pipe flows through the common pipe section to release heat, and the cooling medium in the second circulation pipe flows through the common pipe section to absorb heat, thereby realizing the alternating heating and cooling of the adsorbent bed through the same heat pipe 707 assembly.

[0048] This embodiment achieves efficient integration and switching of the heat source and cold source within the same structure by designing heat pipe 707 as a shared heat transfer section for two circulation pipelines. This design simplifies the internal piping layout of the adsorption bed, reduces connecting parts and potential leakage points, and improves system sealing and reliability. During operation, the heating and cooling media alternately flow through the same heat pipe 707, enabling rapid temperature switching of the adsorbent bed, thereby improving adsorption and desorption rates. Furthermore, the shared pipe section structure facilitates uniform heat distribution within the adsorbent layer, avoiding localized overheating or overcooling, and improving adsorbent utilization efficiency and circulation stability.

[0049] In some embodiments, the water circulation subsystem further includes a freshwater tank 14 for storing liquid water produced by the condenser 12; and / or, the heat-dissipating side of the condenser 12 is connected to a first heating device 19 for providing thermal energy.

[0050] This embodiment adds a freshwater tank 14 to collect and store the condensed water generated during the condensation process, enabling the system to produce its own freshwater. This freshwater can be directly used for shipboard domestic water or equipment replenishment, reducing dependence on external freshwater sources, and is particularly suitable for ocean voyages. Simultaneously, connecting the heat-releasing side of the condenser 12 to the first heating device 19 effectively recovers the latent heat released by water vapor condensation, which can be used for cabin heating, hot water supply, and other purposes, further improving overall energy utilization efficiency. This design allows the system to generate electricity and provide cooling while simultaneously producing freshwater and supplying heat, achieving "multi-functionality" and enhancing the ship's resource self-sufficiency and comfort level.

[0051] In other alternative embodiments, the freshwater tank 14 may be equipped with a water quality detection and purification module to ensure that the produced water meets usage standards. Furthermore, the first heating device 19 may be in the form of a fan coil unit, radiator, or heat pump to adapt to different heating scenarios.

[0052] In some embodiments, the heat-absorbing side of the evaporator 15 is connected to the refrigeration device 16 to provide cooling energy.

[0053] This embodiment directly connects the evaporator 15 to the refrigeration unit 16, utilizing the principle of low-pressure evaporation and heat absorption of water in the evaporator 15 to provide cooling for the ship's air conditioning system or refrigeration equipment. Since the evaporation and heat absorption process occurs directly within the refrigeration unit 16, the cooling transfer path is short and efficient, enabling rapid cooling and precise temperature control. This design tightly integrates the adsorption refrigeration cycle with end-user cooling needs, avoiding secondary heat exchange losses and improving the overall coefficient of performance (COP). In the high-temperature and high-humidity environment of a ship, this system can significantly improve the cabin environment and reduce the power consumption of traditional compression refrigeration equipment, contributing to balanced shipboard power grid load and improved energy efficiency.

[0054] In other alternative embodiments, the refrigeration device 16 may include multiple sets of parallel evaporator coils, each serving a different temperature zone or compartment, to achieve zoned refrigeration. Additionally, a gas-liquid separator may be installed at the outlet of the evaporator 15 to ensure that only pure steam enters the adsorption bed, thereby improving adsorption efficiency.

[0055] In some embodiments, the adsorbent packed in the first adsorption bed 7 is suitable for reversibly adsorbing and desorbing water vapor; the adsorbent packed in the second adsorption bed 4 is suitable for reversibly adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide.

[0056] In this embodiment, adsorbents with suitable properties are selected for different target adsorbates (water vapor and carbon dioxide), thereby optimizing the performance of the two subsystems respectively.

[0057] Specifically, the adsorbents in the first adsorption bed 7 and the second adsorption bed 4 are both MOF composite adsorbents.

[0058] In some embodiments, a second heating device 13 is also included, which is connected to a second circulation pipeline and is connected in parallel with the cooling unit 3.

[0059] In this embodiment, a second heating device 13 is connected in parallel on the circulation pipeline of cooling unit 3, forming an optional waste heat recovery path. When the system is in winter or when heating is required, the working medium, whose temperature rises after flowing through the adsorption bed, can be diverted to the second heating device 13, and the low-temperature waste heat it carries can be used for auxiliary heating or preheating of domestic hot water, achieving further recovery of waste heat from the cooling medium. This design expands the system's heating capacity and improves the flexibility of energy utilization without affecting the main refrigeration cycle. The parallel structure can be easily switched via valves, allowing the system to dynamically adjust its operating mode according to the season and demand, enhancing the system's environmental adaptability and energy-saving potential.

[0060] In other alternative embodiments, the second heating device 13 can also be configured to be connected in series with the cooling unit 3, serving as a pre-cooling section before the cooling medium enters the cooling unit 3, further improving the overall heat recovery efficiency of the system. Furthermore, a temperature control valve can be installed on this branch to automatically adjust the flow ratio according to heating demand.

[0061] In some embodiments, both the first adsorption bed 7 and the second adsorption bed 4 include multiple sub-adsorption units, each sub-adsorption unit including an adsorbent bed and a heat pipe 707 embedded in the adsorbent bed; the multiple sub-adsorption units of the first adsorption bed 7 are arranged in parallel, and the multiple sub-adsorption units of the second adsorption bed 4 are arranged in series.

[0062] In this embodiment, the sub-units of the first adsorption bed 7 are arranged in parallel to increase the steam treatment throughput; the sub-units of the second adsorption bed 4 are arranged in series to achieve multi-stage adsorption of flue gas, improve carbon dioxide capture efficiency and adsorbent utilization, and are especially suitable for the efficient treatment of low-concentration flue gas.

[0063] In some examples, such as Figure 3 The diagram shows the structure of the expansion generator unit 21. By controlling the opening and closing of valve 22, the internal and external pressure difference can be controlled, allowing water vapor to flow at a higher velocity through the expander 9 when it enters the downstream pipe. The blades on the expander 9 are driven, and a generator 10 is connected behind the blades. The generator 10 converts the mechanical energy of the rotating blades into electrical energy, and the generated current is output through wires and an aviation connector 23, then supplied to electrical appliances or a battery 11. The remaining water vapor flows along the pipe into the condenser 12.

[0064] In some examples, such as Figure 2 As shown, the first adsorption bed 7 includes an outer shell, an inner shell, a medium vapor distribution pipe 704, a MOF composite adsorbent layer 708, and a heat pipe 707. The inner shell is disposed inside the outer shell and divides the interior of the outer shell into a top cavity 702 and a bottom cavity 701. The inner shell is provided with a channel connecting the top cavity 702 and the bottom cavity 701. The sub-adsorption unit includes a spirally arranged heat pipe 707 and an adsorbent bed surrounding the heat pipe 707. The top port of the heat pipe 707 is connected to the top cavity 702, and the bottom port is connected to the inner cavity 703 disposed at the bottom of the inner shell. The bottom cavity 701 has an inlet for the heating medium, the top cavity 702 has an outlet for the cooling medium, and the inner cavity 703 has an outlet for the heating medium and an inlet for the cooling medium.

[0065] The specific working process of the first adsorption bed 7 is as follows: 1. Heating and desorption stage: When the system requires the adsorption bed to desorb and drive power generation, the high-temperature heating medium (from the waste heat of flue gas) enters from the inlet of the bottom cavity 701, flows through the bottom cavity 701 and the medium vapor distribution pipeline 704 and the top cavity 702 in sequence, and then enters the heat pipe 707 to heat the surrounding MOF composite adsorbent layer 708. At the same time, the vapor condenses into liquid and flows into the inner cavity 703, flows out through the outlet of the heating medium at the bottom of the inner cavity 703, and returns to the waste heat recovery unit 20 for reheating.

[0066] 2. Cooling and adsorption stage: When the system requires the adsorption bed to adsorb and produce a cooling effect, the low-temperature cooling medium (from the seawater cooling unit 3) enters from the cooling medium inlet of the inner cavity 703, flows through the inner cavity 703 and enters the heat pipe 707, where it absorbs heat and evaporates, and flows to the top cavity 702 before returning to the cooling unit 3 through the cooling medium outlet or being led to the heating device to recover waste heat.

[0067] In some examples, such as Figure 4 As shown, it includes a main air inlet 401, two air outlets 402, and two sub-adsorption units disposed between the main air inlet 401 and the air outlets 402. In the cooling adsorption stage, the flue gas entering from the main air inlet 401 passes through the two sub-adsorption units in sequence before being discharged through one of the air outlets 402. In the heating desorption stage, the desorbed carbon dioxide gas is discharged from the other air outlet 402.

[0068] In some embodiments, a flue gas pretreatment unit 17 is also included. The flue gas pretreatment unit 17 is disposed upstream of the flue gas inlet of the second adsorption bed 4 and is used to purify and regulate the flue gas entering the second adsorption bed 4. Specifically, the flue gas after heat exchange is discharged into the flue gas pretreatment unit 17 for pretreatment before being discharged into the second adsorption bed 4 for carbon adsorption treatment.

[0069] In some embodiments, the circulation pipeline of the cooling unit 3 is also connected to the cooling medium channel of the condenser 12 through a branch to form a circulation loop so as to remove the condensation heat of the condenser 12 and cool it through the cooling unit 3 in some cases (such as in summer when heating is not required by the first heating device 19), that is, to remove the condensation heat by using seawater.

[0070] It should be noted that when heating is needed in winter, the first heating device 19 and the second heating device 13 need to work and generate heat. At this time, the connection between the cooling unit 3 and the condenser 12 can be disconnected. When heating is not needed in summer, the cooling unit 3 and the condenser 12 are connected, and the connection between the first heating device 19 and the cooling unit 3 and the connection between the second heating device 13 and the cooling unit 3 are disconnected.

[0071] The specific working process of this application embodiment is as follows: 1. System startup and heat / cold source supply After system startup, the high-temperature flue gas and high-temperature cylinder liner water discharged from the ship's engine 18 flow into the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 20. In the first heat exchanger of the recovery unit, the waste heat from the flue gas and cylinder liner water causes the internally circulating phase change heat transfer medium (such as a low-boiling-point working fluid) to evaporate and transform into a gaseous phase. The gaseous medium carries a large amount of latent heat and is transported through the first circulation pipeline. At the same time, the cooling unit 3 starts the water pump to pump ambient seawater into the second heat exchanger. In the second heat exchanger, the gaseous heat transfer medium from the circulation pipeline is cooled by the seawater, condenses and releases latent heat, and becomes a liquid phase, forming a low-temperature liquid medium, which is transported through the second circulation pipeline. Thus, the system completes the phase change heat transfer conversion from external waste heat / cold energy to the internal circulating medium.

[0072] 2. Working process of the water circulation subsystem (power generation, cooling, heating, water production) The core of this subsystem is the alternating operation of two first adsorption beds 7, with each cycle divided into two half cycles.

[0073] Half-cycle A (desorption / power generation in first adsorption bed 7A, adsorption / cooling in first adsorption bed 7B): Heating and Desorption: The high-temperature gas-phase heat exchange medium from the first heat exchanger flows through the separated heat pipe heating section inside the first adsorption bed 7A. The medium condenses inside the heat pipe 707, releasing the latent heat of phase change, which efficiently and uniformly heats the adsorbent bed, causing its temperature to rise rapidly. The water vapor stored in the adsorbent is desorbed, forming water vapor with a certain pressure and temperature.

[0074] Expansion power generation and condensation heating: The desorbed water vapor enters the expansion power generation unit 21, driving it to generate electricity. The steam after doing work enters the condenser 12, releasing its latent heat of condensation. This heat is either carried away by the cooling unit 3 or recovered by the first heating device 19 for heating. The liquid fresh water condensed from the steam flows into the fresh water tank 14.

[0075] Cooling and Adsorption: Simultaneously, the low-temperature liquid heat exchange medium from the second heat exchanger flows through the split heat pipe cooling section inside the first adsorption bed 7B. The medium absorbs the adsorption heat released by the adsorbent within the heat pipe 707 and evaporates, efficiently carrying away heat through phase change, thus rapidly cooling the adsorption bed B. The evaporator 15 connected to bed B maintains a low pressure, where liquid water evaporates and absorbs heat, providing cooling through the refrigeration device 16. The resulting water vapor is then adsorbed by the low-temperature bed B.

[0076] Medium reflux: The liquid medium condensed in the heat pipe 707 of the first adsorption bed 7A and the medium evaporated in the heat pipe 707 of the first adsorption bed 7B are respectively refluxed to the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 20 and the cooling unit 3 through pipelines to complete their respective phase change cycles.

[0077] Half-cycle B (state transition): By switching valves, the gaseous medium flows to bed B for heating and desorption, while the liquid medium flows to bed A for cooling and adsorption. The two adsorption beds operate in alternating modes, achieving continuous operation.

[0078] 3. Working process of the carbon capture subsystem The core of this subsystem is the alternating operation of two second adsorption beds 4.

[0079] Adsorption stage: The pretreated flue gas is introduced into the second adsorption bed 4 (such as bed C) which is in a cooled state. The low-temperature liquid heat exchange medium from the cooling unit 3 flows through the heat pipe 707 embedded in bed C, and absorbs the heat of adsorption through evaporation phase change to maintain the low temperature of the adsorbent, so that it can efficiently capture CO2 in the flue gas.

[0080] Desorption and Storage Stage: When bed C approaches adsorption saturation, the valve is switched. High-temperature gaseous heat exchange medium from the flue gas waste heat recovery unit 20 flows through heat pipe 707 in bed C, releasing latent heat through condensation phase change, heating the adsorbent to desorb high-concentration CO2. The CO2 is then processed and stored in the carbon storage device. Simultaneously, bed D switches to cooling adsorption mode. The two beds operate alternately, achieving continuous carbon capture.

[0081] 4. System coordination and comprehensive energy utilization The two subsystems work in close collaboration by sharing the same hot / cold medium cycle based on phase change heat.

[0082] The same gaseous medium evaporated by waste heat is used alternately to drive the desorption and regeneration of the first adsorption bed 7 and the second adsorption bed 4.

[0083] The same liquid medium condensed by seawater is used alternately to cool the first adsorption bed 7 (to achieve adsorption refrigeration) and the second adsorption bed 4 (to achieve low-temperature adsorption and carbon capture).

[0084] In the cooling unit 3 circuit, the medium that has absorbed heat and evaporated from the adsorption bed can be partially diverted to the second heating device 13 connected in parallel, and provide auxiliary heating through condensation and heat release, so as to realize the further utilization of low-grade heat energy.

[0085] In summary, this system utilizes a phase change heat transfer medium as the core heat transfer medium, constructing a highly efficient energy transport network. The system captures waste heat and exhaust gases, enhances heat transfer through a phase change process, drives the adsorbent to complete the conversion of energy into matter, and ultimately outputs electricity, cooling, heating, fresh water, and liquid carbon dioxide. The use of a phase change medium significantly improves the system's heat transfer efficiency and response speed, enabling a higher level of comprehensive energy utilization.

[0086] Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of this invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that, based on the ideas of this invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

Claims

1. A device for comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage, characterized in that, include: The flue gas waste heat recovery unit is used to recover waste heat from engine exhaust and cylinder liner water. Cooling unit, used to introduce seawater as a cold source; The water circulation subsystem includes at least one first adsorption bed, an evaporator, an expansion power generation unit, and a condenser; the first adsorption bed is used for reversible adsorption and desorption of water vapor. The evaporator is used to provide water vapor during the adsorption stage of the first adsorption bed; the water vapor desorbed from the first adsorption bed during the desorption stage is used to drive the expansion power generation unit to do work, and then enters the condenser. A carbon capture subsystem includes at least one second adsorption bed and a carbon storage device; the second adsorption bed is used for reversible adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide; the second adsorption bed processes the incoming flue gas in the adsorption stage to capture carbon dioxide therein, and in the desorption stage, it transports the desorbed carbon dioxide to the carbon storage device. The flue gas waste heat recovery unit and the cooling unit are respectively connected to the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed through pipelines to provide the heat and cooling required to drive their adsorption / desorption cycle.

2. The device for comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water circulation subsystem includes two first adsorption beds, which are controlled by valves to alternately perform adsorption and desorption operations on water vapor, thereby achieving continuous operation of the water circulation subsystem; the carbon capture subsystem includes two second adsorption beds, which are controlled by valves to alternately perform adsorption and desorption operations on flue gas, thereby achieving continuous operation of the carbon capture subsystem.

3. The device for comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The evaporator is connected to a seawater source and is used to evaporate seawater to directly provide water vapor for the adsorption stage of the first adsorption bed.

4. The device for comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, Both the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed include a shell, an internal adsorbent bed, and a heat pipe embedded in the adsorbent bed; the heat pipe is used to exchange heat with the circulating working medium to heat or cool the adsorbent bed in a non-contact manner.

5. The device for comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage according to claim 4, characterized in that, The flue gas waste heat recovery unit includes a first heat exchanger, and the cooling unit includes a second heat exchanger; the first heat exchanger is connected to a first circulation pipeline for circulating a medium heated by flue gas or cylinder liner water; the second heat exchanger is connected to a second circulation pipeline for circulating a medium cooled by seawater. The heat pipe forms a common pipe section that is coupled to each other in the first circulation pipe and the second circulation pipe. The heating medium in the first circulation pipe flows through the common pipe section to release heat, and the cooling medium in the second circulation pipe flows through the common pipe section to absorb heat, thereby realizing the alternating heating and cooling of the adsorbent bed through the same heat pipe assembly.

6. The device for comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage according to claim 5, characterized in that, The water circulation subsystem further includes a freshwater tank for storing liquid water produced by the condenser; and / or, the heat-dissipating side of the condenser is connected to a first heating device for providing thermal energy.

7. The device for comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The heat absorption side of the evaporator is connected to the refrigeration device to provide cooling energy.

8. The device for comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage according to claim 1, characterized in that, The adsorbent packed in the first adsorption bed is suitable for reversibly adsorbing and desorbing water vapor; the adsorbent packed in the second adsorption bed is suitable for reversibly adsorbing and desorbing carbon dioxide.

9. The device for comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage according to claim 6, characterized in that, It also includes a second heating device, which is connected to the second circulation pipeline and is connected in parallel with the cooling unit.

10. The device for comprehensive utilization of waste heat from ship flue gas and carbon storage according to claim 6, characterized in that, Both the first adsorption bed and the second adsorption bed include multiple sub-adsorption units, and each sub-adsorption unit includes the adsorbent bed and a heat pipe embedded in the adsorbent bed; the multiple sub-adsorption units of the first adsorption bed are arranged in parallel, and the multiple sub-adsorption units of the second adsorption bed are arranged in series.

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