Method for determining optimal assembly of lenses in optical objective

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for determining an arrangement of n real individual lenses Lri in order to form an optical objective, comprising the following steps:-determining the presence of at least one defect on each manufactured lens Lri, j,-for at least one combination of manufactured real individual lenses, each individual lens comprising at least one of said defects,-determining the presence of at least one defect on each manufactured lens Lri, j, the value of the angle of rotation (with the optical axis of the optical lens assembly as the axis of rotation) of at least one manufactured real lens Lri, j of at least one combination of the manufactured real individual lenses Lri, j is determined by means of a simulation model, referred to as an optimal angle for which the optical axis of the optical lens assembly can be adjusted. The at least one combined optical transfer function (FTO) is maximum or greater than a threshold.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the manufacture and arrangement of lenses in optical lens assemblies.

[0002] This invention relates to the pre-production and production of lenses, particularly large-scale and / or mass production, and to arranging these lenses to form optical lens assemblies.

[0003] As a specific, non-limiting example, the optical lens assemblies referred to are those used in smartphones. Existing technology

[0004] The fabrication of a specific optical lens assembly involves modeling the assembly according to desired characteristics and intended use. An optical lens assembly typically comprises 4 to 10 individual lenses, each with specific optical and geometric properties and arranged in a specific layout. Once the model design is complete, it becomes necessary to develop methods for manufacturing the individual lenses that constitute the optical lens assembly. Finally, these lenses are arranged according to a given arrangement and a specific, predetermined layout to form an optical lens assembly module. These optical modules are then arranged together with a charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor or a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) sensor to form a camera module.

[0005] Typically, each individual lens in a pre-modeled arrangement is manufactured in a mold as a batch of lenses. The mold comprises a set of cavities into which liquid material is injected to form an individual lens. Thus, an individual lens is made from one of the cavities. The cavities and the mold are manufactured such that each lens manufactured in each cavity of the same mold has the optical and geometric properties of the theoretical individual lens of the lens arrangement previously modeled for constructing a specific optical lens assembly. Therefore, in practice, lenses from the same cavity have very similar shape errors, but lenses manufactured in different cavities have different errors or defects related to the shape of the cavity and the heat distribution and pressure injection rate during the molding cycle. Therefore, lenses manufactured from the same batch cannot be perfectly identical to the corresponding theoretical lens. Thus, there are geometric and optical differences between individual lenses manufactured in the same mold, and also between individual lenses and theoretical individual lenses relative to the previously modeled lens arrangement. Therefore, it is necessary to find and select the combination of individual lenses manufactured in each mold to form an optical lens assembly with the closest optical properties to the desired optical characteristics. Multiple lenses of the same type, or even multiple lenses of multiple types, can be produced in parallel in the cavities of the same mold.

[0006] The most advanced lens placement methods currently available are based on experience, involving continuous trials and tests to find the optimal rotational set for each individual lens manufactured for each mold. These state-of-the-art methods typically take four to six months to complete the process of manufacturing method development, lens fabrication, and lens placement.

[0007] One object of the present invention is to provide a method for determining lens arrangement, which allows: - Significantly reduces the time required to find the optimal combination of individual lenses to form an optical lens assembly, and / or - To systematically and / or methodically determine the optimal combination of the individual lenses manufactured, and / or - Improve the quality of manufactured optical lens assemblies, i.e., obtain optical lens assemblies with optimal optical characteristics or as close as possible to the expected optical characteristics, and / or - Improve the efficiency of optical lens assembly production lines, and / or - Minimize the quality dispersion between optical lens assemblies produced in the production line. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address this, a method is proposed for determining the placement of n real individual lenses Lri to form an optical lens assembly. The real individual lenses Lri are designed to be arranged along the optical axis of the optical lens assembly according to a model. This model is pre-designed to give the optical lens assembly specific optical properties. The optical model or optical lens assembly consists of a specific sequence of n theoretical individual lenses Lti, where i is the position of the lens within the optical lens assembly, i ranging from 1 to n. Each real individual lens Lri is manufactured to have the optical and geometric properties of the corresponding theoretical individual lens Lti within the optical lens assembly. Each real individual lens Lri is manufactured in batches of mi lenses in a dedicated manufacturing mold. The manufactured real individual lens is denoted as Lri,j, where j is the position of the lens in the mold, j ranging from 1 to mi.

[0009] The method includes the following steps: for each manufactured lens Lri,j or at least some of the manufactured lenses Lri,j, determining the presence of at least one of the following defects based on the true geometry of at least one of the two faces of the manufactured lens Lri,j under consideration, and based on the theoretical geometry of at least one face of the theoretical lens Lti corresponding to the manufactured lens under consideration: • The geometric differences between the manufactured lenses and the corresponding theoretical lenses discussed. The differences in refractive index and / or wavelength dependence of the refractive index between the manufactured lenses discussed and the corresponding theoretical lenses. The geometric center of the manufactured lens discussed is offset relative to the optical axis of the optical lens assembly. The optical center of the manufactured lens Lri,j is offset relative to the optical axis of the optical lens assembly. • The manufactured lens is tilted relative to the optical axis. The difference between the thickness of the manufactured lens and the corresponding theoretical lens is discussed. • The difference between the spacing between lenses manufactured after the lenses discussed in the sequence of manufactured lenses and the spacing between theoretical lenses after the theoretical lenses in the sequence of theoretical lenses corresponding to the lenses discussed.

[0010] The method further includes the steps of: for a combination of at least one of n manufactured real individual lenses, each real individual lens including at least one defect, and for at least one manufactured real lens Lri,j of at least one combination of manufactured real individual lenses, determining, by simulation model, the value of the rotation angle (with the optical axis of the optical lens assembly as the axis of rotation) of at least one manufactured real individual lens Lri,j of at least one combination, referred to as the optimal angle, for which the optical transfer function (OTF) representing the optical quality of at least one combination is maximum or greater than a threshold.

[0011] Optical transfer function (OTF) refers to, for example, an indication of the optical contrast obtained at different points in the field of view of an image sensor for one or more spatial frequencies, called MTF (modulation transfer function).

[0012] OTF also refers to the point spread function (PSF), which represents the spot of light at a given point in the observed scene obtained at the image sensor.

[0013] Of course, evaluating these functions may require adjusting the focus of the optical lens assembly and the image sensor, modifying the distance based on the position of the observed scene plane, in order to obtain maximum sharpness based on that focus.

[0014] To obtain the maximum optical quality of MTF, it is preferable to globally maximize the value of the function (i.e., contrast, which reveals the best image sharpness) across the entire image sensor. This is mathematically translated into calculating an index representing a combination (e.g., a sum, possibly weighted according to the location being evaluated on the image sensor) of MTF values ​​(the MTF varies continuously from 0 to 1 at each location, corresponding to a change from the worst optical quality to the best optical quality).

[0015] If a PSF is used, it is preferable to minimize the average radius of the PSF at a set of locations on the sensor, for example, at the locations corresponding to the different points observed in the scene. In the latter case, the radius x should preferably be mathematically transformed, for example, by the function 1 / x, to obtain the value to be maximized while achieving better optical quality (i.e., obtaining better sharpness or the smallest PSF radius). The contributions of the MTF or PSF can also be summed over different wavelength bands, for example, based on the red, green, and blue colors detected by the sensor.

[0016] Therefore, the OTF associated with the optical performance of each produced lens assembly must be maximized simultaneously through a chosen combination rule to achieve this result. The OTFs of each lens assembly can be summed to maximize their total. Alternatively, other criteria can be chosen, such as a minimum value to be achieved on each OTF, to avoid obtaining excessively high-performance lens assemblies at the expense of low quality in other lens assemblies, and instead obtain uniform quality across all lens assemblies. Thus, the choice of how to combine the OTFs can guide the final solution towards different directions of overall optimization. Therefore, a method of combining the OTFs of the lens assemblies with each other is chosen, for example, by considering the minimum value of all OTFs or by summing them, thereby generating the overall criterion to be achieved.

[0017] Preferably, the geometry of the lens surface under consideration is understood to refer to the geometry of the outer surface of the lens surface under consideration. Preferably, the geometry of the lens is composed of the two surfaces of the lens, or in other words, the geometry of the outer surface of the lens, or the geometry of the outer surface of each of the two surfaces of the lens. The geometry of the lens is also distinguished by a portion called the optical portion and a portion called the mechanical portion. The optical portion of the lens constitutes the central portion of the lens, with which the light beam entering the lens will interact, while the mechanical portion constitutes the annular portion of the lens, which serves as a bearing surface on which attachment devices will engage.

[0018] When multiple defects (including at least one defect) are identified on a given manufactured lens, not all identified defects must be considered in the optimal angle determination step. In the optimal angle determination step, only one of the identified defects may be considered. However, preferably, in the optimal angle determination step, any one of the at least one defect identified on a given manufactured lens is considered.

[0019] Depending on the type of lens being produced (denoted as Li), the number of lenses produced will vary from batch to batch. Therefore, in this case, preferably, the number of lenses per batch is denoted as mi, where mi is the number of cavities that are molded in parallel with the same type of lens Li. Preferably, each position j in the mold corresponds to a mold cavity for manufacturing the actual lens Lri,j. Each cavity in the same batch can provide lenses of the same type, which have different defects to be minimized.

[0020] Preferably, each mold comprises the same number of mi cavities.

[0021] Each type of lens Li is produced mi times in parallel using mi cavities of a single mold dedicated to manufacturing that type of lens Li. From each set of mi lenses for each type of lens Li, for example, if mi for each type of lens Li equals a common value m, then at most m lens assemblies can be produced in a single production run using the manufactured lenses in the same mold. Therefore, by selecting one lens from each of the mi lenses for each type of lens Li, and by selecting the optimal combination of manufactured lenses Lri,j, a first combination of n lenses produces a first lens assembly that yields the best result. Furthermore, the manufactured lenses not used in this first combination can then be combined to form a second optical lens assembly, and so on, if possible, until all mi cavities of each mold are used up.

[0022] Preferably, the sequence, specific sequence, or concrete sequence of n theoretical individual optical lenses Lti can be understood as the arrangement, specific arrangement, or concrete arrangement of n theoretical individual optical lenses Lti. According to the present invention, the sequence, specific sequence, or concrete sequence of lenses can be understood as the arrangement, specific arrangement, or concrete arrangement of lenses.

[0023] The term “each real individual lens Lri manufactured to have the optical and geometric properties of the corresponding theoretical individual lens Lti” can be understood as each lens of the same mold being intended to be positioned at a given location i in the arrangement and manufactured to have the optical and geometric properties of the theoretical individual lens Lti located at the given location i in the arrangement.

[0024] The optical center of a lens can be defined as the center of symmetry of the lens's transfer function.

[0025] The geometric center of an optical lens can be understood as its vertex. A vertex can be defined as the apparent center of each surface. A vertex can be measured or defined based on the outer surface or shape of the optical lens.

[0026] Preferably, the step of determining the optimal rotation angle value further includes: determining the distance between at least one manufactured real individual lens Lri,j and the successively manufactured real individual lens Lri+1,j' of at least one combination of manufactured real individual lenses in the sequence of manufactured lenses, referred to as the optimal distance, for which the OTF of at least one combination under consideration is maximum or greater than a threshold.

[0027] Alternatively, the method can be defined as including the step of determining the optimal spacing using a simulation model. In this case, the optimal spacing can be determined simultaneously with the optimal angle.

[0028] Preferably, according to the first alternative, the simulation model includes determining the OTF value of at least one combination of manufactured real individual lenses Lri,j obtained by continuous rotation of at least one combination of manufactured real individual lenses Lri,j.

[0029] Preferably, according to the first alternative, determining the value of the optimal rotation angle and / or determining the optimal spacing based on the simulation model includes an ascending method or is composed of an ascending method, or is performed by an ascending method based on the gradient of the OTF or based on the gradient of an index established from the OTF.

[0030] Preferably, according to the first alternative, determining the optimal rotation angle value and / or optimal spacing value based on the simulation model includes an ascent method based on OTF gradients, or consists of or is performed by an ascent method based on OTF gradients.

[0031] Preferably, the gradient ascent method based on OTF or the gradient of an index derived from OTF has the effect of maximizing OTF.

[0032] Preferably, according to the second alternative, the simulation model is a neural network.

[0033] Preferably, the neural network is a non-recurrent neural network, more preferably a convolutional neural network. Preferably, the neural network includes multiple layers of neurons, preferably at least two layers, more preferably at least three layers of neurons.

[0034] Preferably, according to the second alternative, the method includes the step of training a neural network based on a training database obtained from the variation of the theoretical geometry of the outer surface of the theoretical lens Lti.

[0035] Preferably, according to the second alternative, the training database includes input data consisting of at least one combination of theoretical individual lenses Lti, each of which exhibits at least one defect, said at least one defect being obtained by introducing an error in the form of a random variable onto each of the at least one combination of theoretical individual lenses Lti that all exhibit at least one defect.

[0036] Preferably, according to the second alternative, the training database includes output data consisting of OTF values ​​of at least one combination of theoretical individual lenses Lti, each exhibiting at least one defect.

[0037] Unless otherwise stated, the features described in this disclosure apply to every aspect of the invention and every alternative to the invention.

[0038] Preferably, the OTF is calculated, determined, or simulated using a beam propagation calculation method.

[0039] Preferably, the method includes a search step: searching for at least one additional combination of manufactured real individual lenses Lri,j by permuting the positions j of at least one combination of lenses in the mold, for which the optical transfer function (OTF) is maximum or greater than a threshold.

[0040] Preferably, determining the value of the rotation angle and / or the value of the optimal spacing involves maximizing a weighted combination of at least two of the following criteria: the production yield of the production line and / or the quality of the produced lens assemblies and / or the minimum dispersion of the quality of the produced lens assemblies.

[0041] Preferably, the method includes: - A step used to measure the geometry of an arranged optical lens assembly. - A step for refining the values ​​of the optimal rotation angle and / or optimal spacing determined based on the measured geometry of the arranged lens assembly.

[0042] Preferably, the measurement deviation can be observed and / or determined by comparing the measurement results of the geometry of the arranged lens assembly with the measurement results of the geometry of the manufactured individual lenses Lri,j that form or constitute the arranged lens assembly.

[0043] Preferably, the method includes measuring the geometry of the manufactured individual lenses Lri,j that form the arranged lens assembly.

[0044] Preferably, the step of refining the values ​​of the optimal rotation angle and / or optimal spacing includes: - Modulate and / or adjust at least one specific defect in the manufactured lens based on or considering identified or observed measurement deviations, and / or - Refine the optimal rotation angle and / or spacing: • By implementing the method according to the invention, wherein the at least one defect includes a determined or observed measurement deviation, the optimal rotation angle and / or spacing is refined, and / or • Refine the optimal rotation angle and / or spacing relative to, or related to, or based on the OTF value obtained by taking into account determined or observed measurement biases.

[0045] According to another aspect of the invention, an apparatus comprising means configured to implement all the steps of the method according to the invention is proposed.

[0046] According to the present invention, a data processing apparatus comprising means laid out and / or programmed and / or configured to implement the method according to the present invention is also proposed.

[0047] According to the present invention, a computer program comprising instructions is also provided, which, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to implement the method according to the present invention.

[0048] Computer programs can use computer languages, such as machine language, C, C++, JAVA, Python, etc.

[0049] Computer programs can be integrated into design software used to design optical lens assemblies.

[0050] Alternatively, the computer program may include design software, or be independent of the design software.

[0051] According to the present invention, a computer-readable medium, such as a recording medium, comprising instructions that, when executed by a computer, guide the computer to implement the method according to the present invention.

[0052] According to the present invention, a computer-readable data medium is also provided, on which a computer program according to the present invention is recorded.

[0053] The method according to the invention can be implemented by any type of device (e.g., smartphone, tablet, computer, calculator, web server), which includes at least one processor or computer chip programmed and / or laid out and / or configured, for example, to implement the method according to the invention by running a computer program according to the invention.

[0054] According to the present invention, a method is proposed for determining the placement of n real individual lenses Lri to form a camera or camera module.

[0055] A camera or camera module can be used in any type of device that includes at least one camera or at least one camera module, such as a smartphone, tablet, still camera, camcorder, CCTV camera, or user device.

[0056] According to the present invention, a method is proposed for determining the placement of n real individual lenses Lri to form an optical lens assembly of a medical device.

[0057] Medical equipment can include endoscopes, ultrasound machines, etc.

[0058] According to the present invention, a method is proposed for determining the placement of n real individual lenses Lri to form an optical lens assembly of a vehicle.

[0059] The vehicle can be a land vehicle, such as a car, and can be either self-driving or non-self-driving, semi-self-driving or self-driving.

[0060] The vehicle can be a flying vehicle, such as a drone, airplane, or helicopter, and may have non-autonomous, semi-autonomous, or autonomous driving capabilities.

[0061] The vehicle can be a marine vehicle, such as a ship or submarine, and may have non-autonomous, semi-autonomous, or autonomous driving capabilities.

[0062] According to the present invention, a camera module is also provided, comprising: - An optical lens assembly designed using the method according to the invention; and - An image sensor associated with the optical lens assembly.

[0063] An image sensor can be any type of image sensor associated with an optical lens assembly, such as a CMOS or CCD image sensor, but is not limited to these image sensors.

[0064] According to the present invention, an optical lens assembly manufacturing apparatus is also provided, comprising: - An arrangement device configured to implement the determination method according to the invention; and - Optical lens assembly production line.

[0065] The device according to the invention may include, in terms of hardware and / or software, any combination of the features disclosed above with reference to the method according to the invention, which are not mentioned herein for the sake of brevity.

[0066] In particular, the manufacturing apparatus is configured to implement the manufacturing method according to the invention.

[0067] According to the present invention, an apparatus comprising at least one optical lens assembly designed using the method according to the present invention is also proposed.

[0068] In particular, the device according to the invention may include at least one camera module according to the invention.

[0069] Specifically, the device can be a user device, such as a smartphone, tablet, etc.

[0070] User devices may optionally include a display screen, particularly a touch screen.

[0071] Specifically, the device can be a virtual reality headset or an augmented reality headset designed for users to wear.

[0072] Head-mounted devices may optionally include displays, particularly touchscreens.

[0073] In particular, the device can be a user device, such as a camera or still camera.

[0074] Camera-type user devices may optionally include a display screen, particularly a touch screen.

[0075] In particular, the device can be a computer-type user device.

[0076] Computer-type user devices may optionally include a display screen, particularly a touch screen.

[0077] The computer-type user device may optionally include a keyboard or any other device integrated with or associated with the device.

[0078] In particular, the device can be a television set.

[0079] Televisions may optionally include a display screen, especially a touch screen.

[0080] In particular, the device can be a medical imaging device.

[0081] Medical imaging devices can be, for example, endoscopes, ultrasound machines, etc.

[0082] Of course, the apparatus according to the present invention is not limited to the example apparatus described above.

[0083] According to another aspect of the invention, a vehicle comprising at least one optical lens assembly designed using the method according to the invention is also proposed.

[0084] In particular, the device according to the invention may include at least one camera module according to the invention.

[0085] According to some embodiments, the vehicle may be a land vehicle, such as a car, having non-autonomous driving, semi-autonomous driving, or autonomous driving capabilities.

[0086] According to some embodiments, the vehicle may be a flying vehicle, such as a drone, airplane, or helicopter, and may have non-autonomous, semi-autonomous, or autonomous driving capabilities.

[0087] In some embodiments, the vehicle may be a marine vehicle, such as a ship or submarine, and may have non-autonomous, semi-autonomous, or autonomous driving capabilities.

[0088] In some embodiments, the optical lens assembly can be used for 2D or 3D imaging.

[0089] In some embodiments, the optical lens assembly can be used for image acquisition to image a scene at a given moment or to acquire an image stream or video of the scene.

[0090] Of course, these examples are not limiting, but merely provide examples of possible applications of camera modules that can be made from optical lens assemblies manufactured using the methods of the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0091] Other advantages and features will become apparent after reviewing the detailed description of the fully non-limiting embodiments and implementations, as well as the following figures: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the steps involved in one embodiment of the method according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a sequence of lenses arranged aligned along the optical axis of an optical lens assembly. Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a mold that includes a cavity containing a set of lenses to be manufactured. Figure 4 and 5 This is a schematic diagram of defects in the manufactured lens. Detailed Implementation

[0092] The embodiments described below are by no means limiting. In particular, variations of the invention that include only a selection of the disclosed features, independent of the other disclosed features (even if the selection is independent in a phrase including other features), are possible, provided that such feature selection is sufficient to impart a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art. The selection includes at least one preferred functional feature that lacks structural detail or has only partial structural detail, provided that the partial detail is sufficient only to impart a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art.

[0093] refer to Figure 1This paper illustrates a method for determining the placement of n real individual lenses Lri to form an optical lens assembly. Figure 1 The dashed lines in the flowchart represent optional steps or steps not included in this invention.

[0094] An optical lens assembly consists of a sequence of optical lenses mounted within a lens barrel. These lenses can be mounted flush against each other or spaced apart by spacers. The spacers act as mechanical barriers between the lenses, maintaining a given distance between them. For an optical lens assembly comprising n lenses, the assembly will include at most n-1 spacers. These lenses comprise two parts: an "optical" portion forming the center of the lens and a "mechanical" portion forming the radially outer portion. The optical portion has an axisymmetric, aspherical profile that imparts its optical properties to the lens. The mechanical portion forms a bearing surface, which is typically flat in at least one region.

[0095] The design of optical lens assemblies depends on the required optical characteristics (such as magnification, aperture, and focal length) and the intended application. The design steps for optical lens assemblies (in...) Figure 1 The part marked 1) is not part of this invention and is implemented upstream of the method according to the invention. At the end of step 1, a model is obtained consisting of a specific arrangement of theoretically individual optical lenses Lti with precise optical and geometric properties. Typically, the optical lens assembly consists of 4 to 10 optical lenses.

[0096] Individual lenses are manufactured based on this model. The manufacturing steps are as follows: Figure 1 Marked as 2. For pre-production and mass production of optical lens assemblies, the manufacture of each lens requires designing the material composition (i.e., the "recipe" intended to form the lens) and designing a dedicated mold comprising a set of cavities, in which individual lenses of the arrangement will be formed by pouring the previously designed composition. The lens molding step is controlled by a set of parameters, such as molding time, the temperature distribution experienced by the injected material (achieved through specific temperatures at different injection points), and pressure. The cavities are designed such that lenses manufactured in the same mold have the same geometry, which should perfectly match the geometry of a specific theoretical lens Lti in the arrangement. In practice, there are systematic differences in the geometry of lenses manufactured in the same mold, and also systematic differences between the geometry of lenses manufactured in the same mold and the geometry of the corresponding theoretical lens Lti in the arrangement. The manufacturing method also includes the step of cutting the manufactured lenses, in... Figure 1 The middle mark is 4.

[0097] This invention does not relate to the manufacture or arrangement of the manufactured lenses themselves, but rather to determining the placement, orientation, or positioning of individual manufactured lenses within an arrangement to compensate for or limit the impact of lens defects on the intended optical characteristics of the optical lens assembly. In the prior art, this step is performed empirically by measuring the optical characteristics of the optical lens assembly, including the arranged manufactured lenses, and modifying the positioning of each lens.

[0098] To illustrate the index of the manufactured lens Lri,j used in this application, Figure 2 A schematic diagram of an optical lens assembly consisting of an arrangement of four manufactured lenses Lri,j is shown. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a mold 50 comprising sixteen cavities 51 numbered 1 to 16 is shown. Lenses are thus labeled Lr1, Lr2, Lr3, Lr4, where i is the position of the lens in the arrangement. Lens Lr1,j is manufactured in a mold specifically for manufacturing the lens located at position 1 in the arrangement, lens Lr2,j is manufactured in a mold specifically for manufacturing the lens located at position 2 in the arrangement, lens Lr3,j is manufactured in a mold specifically for manufacturing the lens located at position 3 in the arrangement, and lens Lr4,j is manufactured in a mold specifically for manufacturing the lens located at position 4 in the arrangement, where j is the position in the cavity 51 (or mold 50) in which the lens is manufactured. For example, the combination of lenses manufactured as Lr1,8,Lr2,5, Lr3,1, Lr4,12 corresponds to the following combination of lenses: a lens located at position 8 in a mold for a lens located at position 1 in the manufacturing arrangement, a lens located at position 5 in a mold for a lens located at position 2 in the manufacturing arrangement, a lens located at position 1 in a mold for a lens located at position 3 in the manufacturing arrangement, and a lens located at position 12 in a mold for a lens located at position 4 in the manufacturing arrangement. Therefore, according to the present invention and with reference to the illustrated embodiment, the “combination of four manufactured lenses Lri,j” corresponds to a combination of four manufactured lenses, which includes: a lens manufactured in a cavity j of a mold specifically for manufacturing a lens located at position i=1 in the arrangement, a manufactured lens manufactured in a cavity j of a mold specifically for manufacturing a lens located at position i=2 in the arrangement, a manufactured lens manufactured in a cavity j of a mold specifically for manufacturing a lens located at position i=3 in the arrangement, and a lens manufactured in a cavity j of a mold specifically for manufacturing a lens located at position i=4 in the arrangement.

[0099] The method for determining the placement of n real individual lenses Lri to form an optical lens assembly according to the present invention (referred to as the method) includes the step of determining defects in each manufactured lens Lri,j. This step... Figure 1The defect determination step is marked as 5. The defect determination step is based on the actual geometry of the manufactured lens Lri,j and the theoretical geometry of at least one face of the theoretical lens Lti, which is related to the manufactured lens in question.

[0100] The actual geometry of a fabricated individual lens Lri,j refers to the outer surface that defines the lens. The geometry and optical properties of each theoretical lens Lti are known because they have been pre-modeled.

[0101] The method may include a step of measuring the true geometry of at least one facet of each manufactured lens Lri,j. The measurement step is... Figure 1 The measurement procedure can be optical, for example, using interferometry. The shape, thickness, and optical index defects of each manufactured lens Lri,j are determined by comparing it with the geometry of the corresponding theoretical lens Lti.

[0102] However, this method may not include the step of measuring the actual geometry of at least one of the two faces of the manufactured lens Lri,j. In this case, the method does not include the step of measuring the actual geometry of at least one of the two faces of the manufactured lens Lri,j. Figure 1 The step marked as 3 in the middle may include the following steps: providing or obtaining the actual geometry of the manufactured lens Lri,j or data related to the actual geometry of the manufactured lens Lri,j.

[0103] Figure 4 and Figure 5 An example of a shape defect in the manufactured lens Lri,j is shown. Shape defects can be: - The geometrical difference between the manufactured lens Lri,j and the corresponding theoretical lens Lti. - The offset of the geometric center of each facet of the manufactured lens Lri,j relative to the optical axis 20 of the optical lens assembly. - The offset of the optical center of the manufactured lens Lri,j relative to the optical axis 20 of the optical lens assembly. - The tilt of the manufactured lens relative to the optical axis under consideration, and / or - The thickness difference between the two surfaces of the lens.

[0104] Advantageously, a defect consisting of the difference in refractive index between the manufactured lens Lri,j and the corresponding theoretical lens Lti was also identified.

[0105] Advantageously, the defect in the gap between two consecutively manufactured lenses Lri,j in the arrangement was also identified.

[0106] Defects related to the location of the geometric center, lens tilt, refractive index difference, and lens spacing deviation are at least partially related to and / or determined by the following factors: - The outer surface of one or both sides of the lens, and / or - The geometry of the outer surface of one or both sides of the lens. and / or - The outer surface and / or geometry of the optical and / or mechanical parts of the lens, and / or - Defects on the outer surface of one or both sides of the lens and / or geometric defects on the outer surface of one or both sides of the lens, and / or geometric defects on the outer surface of the optical and / or mechanical parts of the lens.

[0107] according to Figure 4 and Figure 5 The non-limiting example shown illustrates the outer surface 11 of the manufactured lens Lri,j after measuring the geometry of the manufactured lens and the corresponding outer surface 12 of the theoretical lens Lti. Therefore, the solid curve 11 corresponds to the actual outer surface 11 or actual shape 11 of the manufactured lens Lri,j, and the circled curve 12 corresponds to the theoretical or expected surface 12 or theoretical or expected shape 12. Figure 4 and Figure 5 In this context, the actual surfaces 11 and the intended surfaces 12 are plotted in a coordinate system associated with the lens. Preferably, the coordinate system is located on a support plane on which the lens is placed or intended to be placed (this plane may be a plane in contact with the previous lens or a plane perpendicular to the lens barrel axis).

[0108] Figure 4 and Figure 5 The measured shape normal vector 13 and the theoretical shape normal vector 14 are also shown. The shape normal vector represents a vector perpendicular to the lens vertex 15.

[0109] Figure 4 The diagram shows a comparison between the measured aspherical surface 11 of the misaligned manufactured lens and the aspherical surface 12 of the corresponding theoretical lens.

[0110] Figure 5 The diagram shows a comparison between the measured aspherical surface 11 of the aligned manufactured lens and the aspherical surface 12 of the corresponding theoretical lens. Alignment 16 can be implemented, for example, using an ICP (Iterative Closest Point) algorithm or a variant thereof, to find a rigid body transformation that minimizes the sum of distances projected from the measured point onto the aspherical surface of the corresponding theoretical lens. This is achieved by subtracting, for example... Figure 5The two curves shown, aligned to 16, can more accurately characterize optical center positioning, thickness, and tilt defects.

[0111] Following this non-limiting example, after alignment 16, the shape error is decomposed on a surface shape basis, such as a Zernike basis. The first coefficient of this decomposition is retained to characterize the shape error, for example, the coefficients corresponding to the defocus mode, two coma modes, two astigmatism modes, and two cloverleaf modes. According to this example, the piston and tilt modes are ignored because they have already been considered in the thickness and tilt defects and have been compensated for by alignment 16.

[0112] It should be noted that the above-disclosed non-limiting examples are optional, and all shape defects can be directly measured.

[0113] For example, by measuring the optical path between the two surfaces of a manufactured lens, the refractive index and / or refractive index gradient in the manufactured lens can be determined.

[0114] The method according to the invention further includes: for a given combination of manufactured lenses Lri,j, determining, through a simulation model, the optimal rotation angle (with the optical axis of the optical lens assembly as the rotation axis) of the manufactured lenses Lri,j from the lens combinations Lr1,j, Lr2,j, Lr3,j, Lr4,j, for the lens combinations, wherein the optical transfer function (OTF) of at least one of the combinations is at least greater than a threshold manufactured lens. The value of the rotation angle thus determined for the considered combination of manufactured lenses Lri,j is referred to as the optimal angle. The optimal angle determination step is... Figure 1 The symbol is marked as 6. For example, considering the combination of manufactured lenses Lr1,8, Lr2,5, Lr3,1, and Lr4,12, the optimal angles of manufactured lenses Lr1,8, Lr2,5, Lr3,1, and Lr4,12 will be determined.

[0115] According to the present invention, modulation transfer function (MTF) can be used instead of OTF.

[0116] The first objective of this invention is to find the optimal angle value and / or the optimal spacing value between the manufactured individual lenses Lri,j for at least one combination of n manufactured individual lenses Lri,j, such that at least one combination of manufactured actual lenses Lri,j provides optimal optical characteristics for such optimal angle value and / or optimal spacing value, i.e., an OTF greater than a threshold or an optimal OTF.

[0117] Then, this method is advantageously applied to all or some of the possible combinations of individual lenses Lri,j that have been manufactured.

[0118] Depending on the specific circumstances, requirements, and objectives, it may be advantageous to define a threshold OTF value above which the optical properties of the lens assembly formed by the manufactured lens combination in question are considered acceptable. As a non-limiting example, the OTF threshold can be between 0.65 and 0.8. This option avoids iterating the method for every possible combination of manufactured lenses. In some cases, an OTF value above the threshold can be obtained by changing the rotation angle of only one or a few lenses in the manufactured lens combination in question. In other cases, obtaining an OTF value above the threshold will require changing the rotation angles of several or all of the lenses in the manufactured lens combination under consideration to find a combination of lens rotation angles that provides an OTF value above the threshold.

[0119] When the optical lens assembly must have optimal optical properties, this method can be iterated over for each possible combination of manufactured lenses, and one (or more) optimal combinations can be selected, i.e., the combination (or more) with the largest OTF. Alternatively, this method can be iterated over for each possible combination of manufactured lenses, and those combinations of manufactured lenses Lri,j that allow all manufactured lenses Lri,j to be used can be selected, i.e., manufacturing m optical lens assemblies.

[0120] Advantageously, for a given combination of manufactured lenses Lri,j, the method further includes the step of determining a spacing (referred to as the optimal spacing) between the manufactured individual lenses Lri,j of the given combination of manufactured lenses Lri,j, for which the OTF of at least one given combination is maximum or greater than a threshold. The thresholds may be the same or different, depending on whether the method includes determining the optimal spacing. When the method includes determining the optimal spacing, the OTF threshold may be higher than the OTF threshold when the method only includes determining the optimal angle. Preferably, the method involves determining the optimal spacing between each manufactured individual lens Lri,j of the considered combination of manufactured lenses Lri,j.

[0121] Then, the determination of the optimal spacing is advantageously applied to all or some of the possible combinations of the individual lenses Lri,j manufactured.

[0122] Advantageously, the determination of the optimal angle and optimal spacing is performed in the same step using a simulation model. The optimal spacing step is performed in... Figure 1 The middle mark is 6.

[0123] A spacer is considered a lens without optical surfaces. The two bearing surfaces of a spacer on two adjacent manufactured lenses can be characterized by measurement.

[0124] Thus, at the end of the method, the arrangement parameters of the lens assembly (including, but not limited to, the optimal rotation angle of each lens, and preferably, the geometric characteristics of the spacers) will be restored. The restoration step is in... Figure 1 The value is marked as 7. Based on these values, the absolute position of the lens surface can be calculated. If necessary, the mechanical properties of the material can be considered, and the component positions can be calculated more accurately by balancing the mechanical stresses between the components.

[0125] According to an advantageous embodiment, for example, based on the position j of the mold cavity where the lens is molded in each cycle, the shape defects, thickness, and / or refractive index of each type of manufactured lens Lri,j can be classified into a finite number of categories. Combinations of lens categories can be implemented in a simulation model to maximize the optical quality of each category under a defined quality discretization.

[0126] Figure 1 The document also illustrates steps for recovering combinations of individually manufactured lenses Lri,j, as well as optimal angle values ​​for each manufactured lens in the combination or each combination and / or optimal spacing values ​​between each manufactured lens in the combination or each combination.

[0127] According to an advantageous embodiment of the first alternative, a gradient-based method is used to solve for the optimal angle and / or spacing from the simulation model. For example, any numerical optimization method, such as gradient, conjugate gradient, gradient-based ascent (or descent by changing the sign of the criterion to be achieved), quasi-Newton, Newton, confidence region, and Levenberg-Marquard, can be used to solve for the optimal angle and / or optimal spacing.

[0128] According to the first alternative, the simulation model includes determining the OTF value of the combination of the considered manufactured real individual lenses Lri,j obtained by continuous rotation of the considered manufactured real lens Lri,j.

[0129] In other words, for the sake of simplicity and as a non-limiting example, for the combination under consideration, one can keep lenses Lr1,8, Lr2,5 and Lr3,1 fixed and change the rotation angle of lens Lr4,12 until an optimal angle is found, and then change the rotation angle of lens Lr3,1 while keeping lenses Lr1,8, Lr2,5 and Lr4,12 fixed, and so on.

[0130] Continuous rotations can be performed with a constant angular increment step, such as 1°, 5°, 10°, 45°, or 90°. Higher angular increments (e.g., 45° or 90°) can be selected and the OTF evolution trend can be derived to guide the model to reach the optimal solution with fewer consecutive rotations.

[0131] One of the main advantages of the method according to the invention is that alternatives to the empirical methods described above can be found to simultaneously find the optimal set of rotations without discretization. Therefore, preferably, according to the first alternative, angles can be calculated as continuous values ​​(i.e., values ​​continuously within the range of 0-360°), and the set of rotations can be globally calculated for each lens Lri,j, where i traverses the lens indices of the arrangement, and for each i, index j is selected (e.g., j=8 when i=1, j=5 when i=2, j=1 when i=3, j=12 when i=4) to obtain the optimal solution in terms of OTF.

[0132] According to the first alternative, the simulation model includes determining the OTF value of a considered combination of actual manufactured individual lenses Lri,j, obtained by continuously modifying the spacing around the theoretical spacing value between two theoretical lenses (denoted as Thi). The continuous variation of the spacing value can be achieved by sequentially increasing the spacing value Thi above the theoretical spacing value in a constant increment, and then decreasing the spacing value below the theoretical spacing value in a constant increment. (This constant interval can correspond to the set of possible discrete values ​​of physically available spacers.) According to an advantageous embodiment of the first alternative, the method includes the step of searching for combinations of manufactured real individual lenses Lri,j by permutation between positions j in the mold, wherein the optical transfer function (OTF) of at least one of the considered combinations is maximum or greater than a threshold.

[0133] A matrix encoding all combinations of real individual lenses produced can be represented as S. Permutations can be performed randomly or incrementally, or according to a given sequence of permutations or a given permutation pattern based on position j within matrix S.

[0134] According to the second alternative, the simulation model is a convolutional neural network. Those skilled in the art will know how to tune and use the most suitable neural network. As a non-limiting example, the convolutional neural network may include multiple layers of neurons. Within these neuron layers, the network includes processing layers comprising neurons arranged to process input data and transmit it to output data based on convolution and nonlinear functions. The neural network may also include pooling layers between two processing layers, the pooling layers comprising neurons arranged to combine or merge the output data of the processing layers and reduce their size. As a non-limiting example, the convolutional neural network may also include correction layers between two processing layers, the correction layers comprising neurons arranged to perform activation functions on the output data of the processing layers.

[0135] Advantageously, the method includes training a neural network based on a training database. According to this embodiment, the database is obtained from variations in the theoretical geometry of the outer surface of the theoretical lens Lti.

[0136] The training database includes input data consisting of at least one combination of theoretical individual lenses Lti, each exhibiting at least one defect, obtained by introducing errors in the form of random variables onto each of the at least one combination of theoretical individual lenses Lti exhibiting at least one defect. In practice, a predetermined number of errors to be introduced is set, and these errors are randomly introduced onto the theoretical lenses Lti. As a non-limiting example, ten typical defects are considered for each lens surface, i.e., an arrangement of four lenses has 80 typical defects. Each typical defect is associated with a random variable. These random variables are drawn for typical defects in the lens arrangement in question, for example, ten thousand or one hundred thousand times, thus corresponding to ten thousand or one hundred thousand different lens arrangements, i.e., ten thousand or one hundred thousand different optical lens assemblies, each with a set of multiple defects. The OTF is then calculated for each case.

[0137] The training database also includes output data, which consists of OTF values ​​of at least one combination of theoretical individual lenses Lti, each exhibiting at least one defect.

[0138] According to the present invention, OTF is simulated using a beam propagation calculation method. Several calculation methods of this type are known in the prior art. A well-known example is Zemax. ® OpticStudio sold by the company ® software.

[0139] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, determining the optimal rotation angle and / or determining the optimal spacing involves maximizing a weighted combination of at least two of the following criteria: the production efficiency of the production line and / or the quality of the produced lens assembly and / or the minimum discreteness of the quality of the produced lens assembly.

[0140] In other words, the objective here is to find combinations of individual lenses within matrix S, for which the determination of optimal rotation angles and / or optimal spacing is conditioned on minimizing the dispersion of production line efficiency and / or the quality of the produced lens assemblies. In other words, finding manufactured lens combinations (for which optimal lens angles and / or optimal spacing) will also be conditioned on a weighted combination of at least two criteria satisfying production line efficiency and / or the quality of the produced lens assemblies and / or the minimum dispersion of the produced lens assemblies.

[0141] Therefore, we will look for combinations of real individual lenses that have optimal rotation angles and / or optimal spacing between lenses to meet a weighted combination of criteria to be maximized.

[0142] There are a large number of functions or relations that can be used to express the required solution.

[0143] One objective of this invention is to improve production yield. In this case, each manufactured lens Lri,j (i.e., each lens manufactured in the mold cavity) can be used within a combination of n individually manufactured lenses Lri,j to form an optical lens assembly. In other words, the objective is to use all manufactured lenses to arrange as many optical lens assemblies as the number of lenses Lri,j manufactured in each mold. Therefore, there will be as many arranged optical lens assemblies as the number of cavities in the mold, i.e., m manufactured optical lens assemblies. Thus, the objective is to find m combinations of individual lenses by searching for combinations of manufactured real lenses Lri,j that provide optimal optical characteristics (i.e., optimal possible OTF). By way of non-limiting example, the solution that maximizes production line efficiency can be expressed as: searching for combinations with OTF(P) ≥ OTF 阈值 The arrangement P is given several combinations to maximize the number of lens assemblies produced from the mi available cavities of each lens type i (that is, for example, if all mi are equal to the number m, at most m lens assemblies can be produced in parallel), OTF(P) is the OTF value of the combination being sought, and the OTF threshold is the threshold of the defined OTF.

[0144] Another object of the present invention is to improve the quality of optical lens assemblies. In this case, the goal is to find a combination of n individual lenses Lri,j that provide optimal optical properties (i.e., optimal OTF). In this case, the number of optical lens assemblies to be manufactured may be less than m, and even more likely to be less than m. As a non-limiting example, the solution for maximizing the quality of the optical lens assembly can be expressed as argmax. P min(OTF(S)), where OTF(S) corresponds to the OTF value of the set of individual lens Lri,j combinations manufactured, and p corresponds to the set of the envisioned permutations.

[0145] Another objective of this invention is to minimize the discrepancy between the optical properties of optical lens assemblies. In this case, we seek a combination of n individually manufactured lenses Lri,j, where the variation in optical properties between the lens assemblies is minimized, i.e., the optical lens assemblies, after being arranged, have similar or identical OTFs. As a non-limiting example, a solution for minimizing the discrepancy in the quality of an optical lens assembly can be expressed as argmin P ∑H(OTF(S)), where H(OTF(S)) is the entropy of OTF.

[0146] It is also possible to achieve multiple of the three objectives mentioned above. In this case, a weighted combination of at least two of the following criteria must be maximized: the production yield of the production line and / or the quality of the produced lens assemblies and / or the minimum dispersion of the quality of the produced lens assemblies.

[0147] It should be noted that the different OTF thresholds defined in this disclosure may be the same or different in the context of various modifications and / or various embodiments. In particular, for example, if only the optimal rotation angle or only the optimal spacing is sought, the OTF threshold will preferably be different from, and preferably even lower than, the OTF threshold used when seeking the optimal rotation angle and the optimal spacing.

[0148] According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the method includes the step of measuring the geometry of the arranged optical lens assembly. This step is... Figure 1 The symbol is 8. The geometry of the arranged optical lens assembly can be measured by a method, such as an optical method, which may be the same as or different from the method used to measure or characterize the surface or geometry of the individual lenses manufactured.

[0149] The measured geometry of the arranged lens assembly may differ from the expected geometry calculated based on measurements of the individual manufactured lens Lri,j. This could be due to measurement errors in the individual manufactured lens Lri,j and / or due to the neglect of unforeseen effects in the calculations and / or due to underestimation or overestimation of the material's elasticity. In such cases, by adding these deviations to the predictions made based on measurements of the individual manufactured lens Lri,j, the subsequent arrangement measurements can be used to empirically recalibrate the model to ensure its eventual accuracy.

[0150] According to an advantageous embodiment, the method further includes a step of refining the values ​​of the optimal rotation angle and / or optimal spacing determined based on the measured geometry of the arranged lens assembly. For example, when performing the step of determining the optimal rotation angle and / or optimal spacing values, the measured geometry of the optical lens assembly can be taken into account by a simulation model.

[0151] Of course, the present invention is not limited to the examples just described, and many modifications can be made to these examples without departing from the scope of the present invention.

[0152] In this way, variations of the previously disclosed embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0153] Furthermore, the various features, forms, variations, and embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other in various ways, as long as they do not contradict or exclude each other.

Claims

1. A method for determining the placement of n real individual lenses Lri to form an optical lens assembly, said real individual lenses Lri being intended to be arranged along the optical axis of said optical lens assembly according to a model previously designed to exhibit specific optical properties and consisting of a specific sequence of n theoretical individual lenses Lti, wherein, i is the position of the lens within the optical lens assembly, and i is from 1 to n; each actual individual lens Lri is manufactured to exhibit the optical and geometric properties of the corresponding theoretical individual lens Lti within the optical lens assembly, and each actual individual lens Lri is manufactured in batches of mi lenses in a manufacturing mold specifically used to manufacture the actual individual lens Lri, and the manufactured actual individual lens is denoted as Lri,j, where j is the position of the lens in the mold, and j is from 1 to m. The method includes the following steps: - For each manufactured lens Lri,j, based on the actual geometry of at least one of the two faces of the manufactured lens Lri,j under consideration and the theoretical geometry of at least one face of the theoretical lens Lti corresponding to the manufactured lens under consideration, determine the presence of at least one of the following defects: • The geometric differences between the manufactured lenses and the corresponding theoretical lenses discussed. • The differences in refractive index and / or wavelength dependence of the refractive index between the manufactured lenses discussed and the corresponding theoretical lenses. • The geometric center of each facet of the manufactured lens under consideration is offset relative to the optical axis of the optical lens assembly. • The optical center of the manufactured lens Lri,j is offset relative to the optical axis (20) of the optical lens assembly. • The manufactured lens has each facet tilted relative to the optical axis. • The difference between the thickness of the manufactured lens discussed and the thickness of the corresponding theoretical lens. • The difference between the spacing between lenses manufactured after the lenses discussed in the sequence of manufactured lenses and the spacing between theoretical lenses after the corresponding theoretical lenses in the sequence of theoretical lenses and lenses corresponding to the lenses discussed. - For at least one combination of n manufactured real individual lenses, each real individual lens including at least one of the defects, and for at least one manufactured real lens Lri,j of at least one combination of the manufactured real individual lenses, by means of a simulation model, the value of the rotation angle of at least one manufactured real lens Lri,j of at least one combination of the manufactured real individual lenses Lri,j with the optical axis of the optical lens assembly as the rotation axis is determined, called the optimal angle, for which the optical transfer function (OTF) of the at least one combination representing the required optical quality is maximum or greater than a threshold.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The step of determining the value of the optimal angle of rotation further includes: determining the spacing between at least one manufactured real individual lens Lri,j and the subsequently manufactured real individual lens Lri+1,j' of at least one combination within the sequence of manufactured lenses, referred to as the optimal spacing, for which the optical transfer function (OTF) of the at least one combination under consideration is maximum or greater than a threshold.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, Determining the optimal rotation angle or optimal spacing value based on the simulation model includes: determining the OTF value of at least one combination of manufactured real individual lenses obtained by continuously rotating at least one manufactured real lens Lri,j through at least one combination of the above at least one combination.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The optimal rotation angle value is determined based on the simulation model, including the gradient ascent method based on OTF.

5. The method according to claim 2 or any one of claims 3 or 4 in conjunction with claim 2, wherein, The optimal spacing value is determined based on the simulation model, including the gradient ascent method based on OTF.

6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein, The simulation model is a neural network.

7. The method according to the preceding claim, comprising training the neural network based on a training database obtained by means of changes in the theoretical geometry of the outer surface of the theoretical lens Lti.

8. The method according to the preceding claim, wherein, The training database includes: - Input data, which consists of at least one combination of theoretical individual lenses Lti, each of which exhibits at least one defect, obtained by introducing an error in the form of a random variable onto each of the at least one combination of the theoretical individual lenses Lti that all exhibit at least one defect. - Output data, which consists of OTF values ​​of at least one combination of theoretical individual lenses Lti, each theoretical individual lens exhibiting at least one defect.

9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The OTF is calculated, determined, or simulated using optical beam propagation calculation methods.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising a search step: searching for at least one additional combination of manufactured real individual lenses Lri,j by permuting the positions j of at least one combination of lenses in the mold, for which the optical transfer function (OTF) is maximum or greater than a threshold.

11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein, The steps to determine the rotation angle value include maximizing a weighted combination of at least two of the following criteria: the production yield of the production line and / or the quality of the produced lens assemblies and / or the minimum dispersion of the quality of the produced lens assemblies.

12. The method according to claim 2 or any one of claims 3 to 11 in conjunction with claim 2, wherein, The optimal spacing value comprises maximizing a weighted combination of at least two of the following criteria: the production yield of the production line and / or the quality of the produced lens assemblies and / or the minimum dispersion of the quality of the produced lens assemblies.

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising: - A step used to measure the geometry of an arranged optical lens assembly. - A step used to refine the optimal rotation angle value determined based on the measured geometry of the arranged lens assembly.

14. The method according to claim 2 or any one of claims 3 to 13 in conjunction with claim 2, comprising: - A step used to measure the geometry of an arranged optical lens assembly. - A step used to refine the optimal spacing value determined based on the measured geometry of the arranged lens assembly.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14, comprising: - Measure the geometry of the individual lenses Lri,j manufactured to be arranged to form the arranged lens assembly, and - The step of determining the measurement deviation by comparing the measured geometry of the arranged lens assembly with the geometry of a manufactured individual lens Lri,j intended to be arranged to form the arranged lens assembly, and - Adjust and / or modulate at least one identified defect based on the determined measurement deviation, and / or - Steps for refining the determined optimal rotation angle and / or optimal spacing: • By implementing the method according to the invention, wherein the at least one defect includes the determined measurement deviation, and / or • Based on the OTF value obtained by taking into account the determined measurement bias.

Images