Sidelink (SL) positioning with user equipment (UE) session engagement criteria and thresholds

Abstract

Systems and techniques for wireless communication are disclosed. For example, a first network device may determine at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for other network devices to participate in a positioning session with the first network device. The first network device may send precision requirement information including at least one of the positional precision requirements or the range precision requirements to one or more second network devices.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates in general to vehicle communications. For example, aspects of this disclosure relate to sidelink (SL) positioning with user equipment (UE) session participation criteria and thresholds, such as for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) applications. Background Technology

[0002] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, such as telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems, and Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0003] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at the city, national, regional, and even global levels. An example telecommunications standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the Continuous Evolution of Mobile Broadband (CWB) program issued by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)), and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC). Some aspects of 5G NR can be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. Various aspects of wireless communication can include direct communication between devices, such as in vehicle-to-vehicle (V2X), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and / or device-to-device (D2D) communications. There is a need for further improvements to V2X, V2V, and / or D2D technologies. Furthermore, these improvements can also be applied to other multiple access technologies and telecommunications standards that adopt them. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The following is a simplified summary of the invention relating to one or more aspects disclosed herein. Therefore, this summary should not be considered an exhaustive overview relating to all conceived aspects, nor should it be considered to identify key or decisive elements relating to all conceived aspects or to depict the scope associated with any particular aspect. Thus, the sole purpose of this summary is to present, in a simplified form, certain concepts relating to one or more aspects involving the mechanisms disclosed herein, prior to the detailed description presented below.

[0005] Systems, apparatuses, methods, and computer-readable media for side-link (SL) positioning with user equipment (UE) session participation criteria and thresholds are disclosed. According to at least one exemplary example, a first network device for wireless communication is provided. The first network device includes at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: determine at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for other network devices to participate in a positioning session with the first network device; and output accuracy requirement information including at least one of the location accuracy requirement or the range accuracy requirement for transmission to one or more second network devices.

[0006] In another exemplary example, a method for wireless communication by a first network device is provided. The method includes: the first network device determining at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for other network devices to participate in a positioning session with the first network device; and the first network device transmitting accuracy requirement information, including at least one of the location accuracy requirement or the range accuracy requirement, to one or more second network devices.

[0007] In another exemplary example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions stored thereon, which, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: determine at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for other network devices to participate in a positioning session with the first network device; and output accuracy requirement information including at least one of the location accuracy requirement or the range accuracy requirement for transmission to one or more second network devices.

[0008] In another exemplary example, a first network device for wireless communication is provided. The first network device includes: components for determining at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for other network devices to participate in a positioning session with the first network device; and components for transmitting accuracy requirement information, including at least one of the location accuracy requirement or the range accuracy requirement, to one or more second network devices.

[0009] In another exemplary example, a first network device for wireless communication is provided. The first network device includes at least one memory and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: receive accuracy requirement information from a second network device, the accuracy requirement information including at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for the first network device to participate in a positioning session with the second network device; and output a response signal for transmission to the second network device, the response signal including at least one of a positioning accuracy or a ranging accuracy that the first network device can support for the positioning session with the second network device.

[0010] In another exemplary example, a method for wireless communication by a first network device is provided. The method includes: the first network device receiving accuracy requirement information from a second network device, the accuracy requirement information including at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for the first network device to participate in a positioning session with the second network device; and the first network device sending a response signal to the second network device, the response signal including at least one of a positioning accuracy or a ranging accuracy that the first network device can support for the positioning session with the second network device.

[0011] In another exemplary example, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is provided, comprising instructions stored thereon that, when executed by at least one processor, cause the at least one processor to: receive accuracy requirement information from a second network device, the accuracy requirement information including at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for a first network device to participate in a positioning session with the second network device; and output a response signal for transmission to the second network device, the response signal including at least one of a positioning accuracy or a ranging accuracy that the first network device can support for the positioning session with the second network device.

[0012] In another exemplary example, a first network device for wireless communication is provided. The first network device includes: means for receiving accuracy requirement information from a second network device, the accuracy requirement information including at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for the first network device to participate in a positioning session with the second network device; and means for sending a response signal to the second network device, the response signal including at least one of a positioning accuracy or a ranging accuracy that the first network device can support for the positioning session with the second network device.

[0013] The aspects generally include, as described substantially with reference to the accompanying drawings and description and illustrated as shown in the drawings and description, methods, apparatus, systems, computer program products, non-transitory computer-readable media, user equipment, user gear, wireless communication equipment, and / or processing systems.

[0014] In some aspects, one or more of the devices described herein are vehicles (e.g., cars, trucks, etc., or components or systems of cars, trucks, etc.), mobile devices (e.g., mobile phones or so-called "smartphones" or other mobile devices), wearable devices, extended reality devices (e.g., virtual reality (VR) devices, augmented reality (AR) devices, or mixed reality (MR) devices), personal computers, laptop computers, server computers, robotic devices, or other devices, are part of or include them. In some aspects, the device includes radio detection and ranging (radar) for capturing radio frequency (RF) signals. In some aspects, the device includes one or more light detection and ranging (LIDAR) sensors, radar sensors, or other light-based sensors for capturing light-based (e.g., light frequency) signals. In some aspects, the device includes one or more cameras for capturing one or more images. In some aspects, the device also includes a display for displaying one or more images, notifications, and / or other displayable data. In some aspects, the device described above may include one or more sensors that can be used to determine the location of the device, the state of the device (e.g., temperature, humidity level, and / or other states), and / or for other purposes.

[0015] Some aspects include a device having a processor configured to perform one or more operations of any of the methods outlined above. Further aspects include a processing device for use in the device, configured using processor-executable instructions to perform operations of any of the methods outlined above. Further aspects include a non-transitory processor-readable storage medium storing processor-executable instructions thereon configured to cause the device's processor to perform operations of any of the methods outlined above. Further aspects include a device having components for performing functions of any of the methods outlined above.

[0016] The features and technical advantages of the examples according to this disclosure have been summarized rather extensively above in order to better understand the detailed description below. Additional features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily used as the basis for modifying or designing other structures for achieving the same purpose as this disclosure. Such equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein (both their organization and operation) and their associated advantages will be better understood from the following description when considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each figure in the drawings is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not as a definition of limitation of the claims. The foregoing, as well as other features and aspects, will become more apparent upon reference to the following specification, claims, and appended drawings.

[0017] This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter alone. This subject matter should be understood in conjunction with the appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all of the accompanying drawings, and each claim.

[0018] Based on the accompanying drawings and detailed description, other objects and advantages associated with the aspects disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The exemplary aspects of this application are described in detail below with reference to the following figures:

[0020] Figure 1 This is a diagram illustrating an example wireless communication system according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a decomposed base station architecture that can be used by the disclosed system for sidelink positioning with UE session participation criteria and thresholds, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0022] Figure 3 This is an illustration of various user equipment (UEs) communicating through direct communication interfaces (e.g., cellular-based PC5 sidelink interfaces, 802.11p-defined Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) interfaces, or other direct interfaces) and wide area network (Uu) interfaces, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system for a vehicle according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 5 This is an illustration of an example of a system for sensor sharing in wireless communication (e.g., V2X communication) according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 6 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle-based message (shown as a sensor-shared message) according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 7 This is an illustration illustrating an example of a positioning session in the form of vehicle maneuvering across an intersection, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0027] Figure 8 This is an illustration of an example of a positioning session in the form of vehicle manipulation involving lane changing, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0028] Figure 9 This is an illustration of an example of a positioning session in the form of vehicle operation involving a fleet of vehicles, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0029] Figure 10 This is a diagram illustrating examples of information elements for signaling regarding positional accuracy requirements expressed in degrees, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0030] Figure 11 This is an illustration of an example of information elements for signaling regarding positional accuracy requirements expressed in meters, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0031] Figure 12 This is a diagram illustrating examples of information elements for signaling regarding range accuracy requirements expressed in meters, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0032] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating examples of information elements for signaling regarding UE location accuracy and UE range accuracy, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0033] Figure 14 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a process for sidelink localization with UE session participation criteria and thresholds, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0034] Figure 15 This is a flowchart illustrating another example of a process for sidelink localization with UE session participation criteria and thresholds, according to some aspects of this disclosure.

[0035] Figure 16 Example computing systems based on various aspects of this disclosure are illustrated. Detailed Implementation

[0036] Certain aspects of this disclosure are provided below for illustrative purposes. Alternative aspects may be devised without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Additionally, well-known elements of this disclosure will not be described in detail or will be omitted so as not to obscure the relevant details of this disclosure. Some aspects described herein can be applied independently, and some of them can be combined, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In the following description, specific details are set forth for illustrative purposes to provide a thorough understanding of various aspects of this application. However, it will be apparent that various aspects can be practiced without these specific details. The figures and descriptions are not intended to be limiting.

[0037] The following description provides only exemplary aspects and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or configuration of this disclosure. Rather, the following description of the exemplary aspects will provide those skilled in the art with a description that can be used to implement the exemplary aspects. It should be understood that various changes may be made to the function and arrangement of the elements without departing from the spirit and scope of this application as set forth in the appended claims.

[0038] The terms “exemplary” and / or “example” are used herein to mean “serving as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplary” and / or “example” is not necessarily to be construed as superior to or better than other aspects. Similarly, the term “aspects of this disclosure” does not require that all aspects of this disclosure include the features, advantages, or modes of operation discussed.

[0039] Wireless communication systems are deployed to provide a variety of telecommunications services, including telephone, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Wireless communication systems have undergone several generations of development. The fifth-generation (5G) mobile standard demands higher data transmission speeds, a greater number of connections, better coverage, and other improvements. According to the Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance, the 5G standard (also known as "New Radio" or "NR") is designed to provide tens of megabits per second of data to each of tens of thousands of users.

[0040] Vehicles are examples of systems that may include wireless communication capabilities. For example, vehicles (e.g., motorized vehicles, autonomous vehicles, aircraft, ships, etc.) can communicate with other vehicles and / or other devices with wireless communication capabilities. Wireless vehicle communication systems encompass vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-network (V2N), and vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P) communications, as well as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) communications (e.g., data entering the power grid, such as for the purpose of actively managing energy in electric vehicles or other electrical equipment or systems). These communications are collectively referred to as vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications. V2X communications are vehicle communication systems that enable the wireless transmission of information from a vehicle to other entities within the transportation system that may affect that vehicle (e.g., other vehicles, pedestrians with smartphones, vulnerable road users (VRUs) equipped with devices such as cyclists, and / or other transportation infrastructure). The primary purpose of V2X technology is to improve road safety, fuel economy, and traffic efficiency.

[0041] In V2X communication systems, information is transmitted wirelessly from vehicle sensors (and other sources) to allow that information to be communicated to other vehicles, pedestrians, VRUs, and / or traffic infrastructure. This information can be transmitted using one or more vehicle-based messages, such as Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything (C-V2X) messages, which may include Sensor Data Sharing Messages (SDSM), Basic Safety Messages (BSM), Cooperative Awareness Messages (CAM), Collective Perception Messages (CPM), or Distributed Environment Messages (DENM) and / or other types of vehicle-based messages. By sharing this information with other vehicles, V2X technology improves the perception of potential hazards by vehicles (and drivers), thereby helping to reduce collisions with other vehicles and entities. Additionally, V2X technology improves traffic efficiency by providing vehicles with traffic warnings about impending potential road hazards and obstacles, allowing vehicles to choose alternative routes.

[0042] As previously mentioned, V2X technology includes V2V communication, which can also be referred to as peer-to-peer communication. V2V communication allows vehicles to communicate wirelessly directly with each other while on the road. Using V2V communication, vehicles can gain situational awareness by receiving information from other vehicles about impending road hazards, such as unforeseen oncoming traffic, accidents, and road conditions.

[0043] The IEEE 802.11p standard supports (uses) the Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) interface for V2X wireless communication. Features of the IEEE 802.11p-based DSRC interface include low latency and the use of the unlicensed 5.9 GHz band. C-V2X is adopted as an alternative to using the IEEE 802.11p-based DSRC interface for wireless communication. The 5G Automotive Association (5GAA) supports the use of C-V2X technology. In some cases, C-V2X technology uses Long Term Evolution (LTE) as the underlying technology, and C-V2X functionality is based on LTE technology. C-V2X includes multiple operating modes. One of these operating modes allows direct wireless communication between vehicles via the LTE sidelink PC5 interface. Similar to the IEEE 802.11p-based DSRC interface, the LTE C-V2X sidelink PC5 interface operates in the 5.9 GHz band. Vehicle-based messages (such as BSM and CAM as application layer messages) are designed to be broadcast wirelessly over the 802.11p-based DSRC interface and the LTE C-V2X sidelink PC5 interface.

[0044] Sidelink ranging and / or positioning (e.g., via the LTE sidelink PC5 interface) can be used to determine the relative distance and absolute position between sidelink-capable UEs (e.g., in the form of vehicles) or devices. Sidelink ranging and / or positioning can be valuable in situations where satellite positioning systems (e.g., Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)) are degraded or unavailable (e.g., in environments such as tunnels, urban canyons, etc.). When satellite positioning systems (e.g., GNSS) are available, sidelink ranging and / or positioning can also enhance range and position accuracy.

[0045] As defined in 3GPP Release 18 (which is the first release in 3GPP to support sidelink positioning), the Sidelink Positioning Protocol (SLPP) can be used to establish sidelink positioning, identify participating UEs (e.g., vehicles), and perform a positioning session establishment handshake. In one or more examples, the positioning session may allow vehicles to coordinate their planned vehicle maneuvers to achieve safer and more efficient driving. Vehicle maneuvers may include, but are not limited to, cross-road maneuvers where a vehicle crosses a road intersection where other vehicles are present (e.g., such as...). Figure 7 (As shown), lane-changing maneuvers where a vehicle changes lanes on a road where other vehicles are present (e.g., as shown). Figure 8 (As shown), the vehicles in a convoy coordinate their movement so that they are grouped together on the road (e.g., as shown) convoy maneuvering. Figure 9(as shown), overtaking maneuvers where a vehicle passes another vehicle in the same lane on a road, and / or lane merging maneuvers where a vehicle merges into a road where other vehicles are present.

[0046] In some cases, a UE initiating a sidelink positioning session (e.g., a vehicle) can do this to support applications requiring a specific level of positioning accuracy for successful application execution. Example applications may include inter-vehicle maneuvering negotiation, such as lane-changing maneuvers or crossing intersections. UEs that cannot meet the required accuracy threshold for the application should refuse to participate in the maneuver and provide an indication that the required accuracy cannot be met. Currently, SLPP does not enable the sidelink positioning session initiator (e.g., a UE, such as a vehicle) to indicate the minimum accuracy that participating UEs must support.

[0047] In one or more scenarios, a UE (e.g., a vehicle) choosing to participate in a sidelink positioning session may wish to provide its range and / or location only at a certain level of accuracy. Such restrictions can be policy-based (e.g., imposed on specific categories of UEs, such as government vehicles), dictated by the specific application the UE is performing, or associated with the UE's geographic operating area. Currently, 3GPP SLPP signaling does not support a mechanism that allows an invited UE to indicate the accuracy at which it is willing to participate in or refuse a session based on a UE accuracy threshold. Therefore, providing an SLPP signaling mechanism that enables a UE (e.g., a vehicle) to indicate the required location accuracy for participation in a sidelink positioning session, as well as the location accuracy requirements that the UE is willing and / or permitted to share, would provide a more efficient and useful sidelink positioning design.

[0048] In one or more aspects of this disclosure, systems, apparatus, methods (also referred to as processes), and computer-readable media (collectively, “Systems and Technologies”) are described herein for providing sidelink positioning with UE session participation criteria and thresholds. In one or more examples, the Systems and Technologies provide a signaling mechanism for a UE (e.g., a vehicle) initiating a sidelink positioning session to specify the range and / or location accuracy that a UE invited to the positioning session must meet in order to accept participation in the positioning session. In some examples, the Systems and Technologies provide a signaling mechanism for the UE to indicate the range and / or location accuracy that the UE is willing to participate in the positioning session. In one or more examples, the Systems and Technologies provide a signaling mechanism for the UE to indicate a refusal to participate in the positioning session based on the UE's inability to meet the location accuracy required for the positioning session.

[0049] In one or more aspects, the system and technology provide standards and information elements (e.g., parent information elements and basic information elements, such as...) for the UE SLPP specification of range and / or location accuracy for UE sidelink positioning session participation. Figure 10 , Figure 11, Figure 12 and Figure 13 (As shown). Information elements can be standardized in one or more specifications defined by a Standards Development Organization (SDO), such as in 3GPP Release 18 defined by the 3GPP SDO. Therefore, over-the-air (OTA) message exchanges used to establish a sidelink positioning session can be easily detected. Similar information elements can also be standardized in application-layer SDOs, such as the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), the European Telecommunications Standards Institute-Intelligent Transportation Systems (ETSI-ITS), the China Society of Automotive Engineers (CSAE), and CCITS.

[0050] Additional aspects of this disclosure are described in more detail below.

[0051] As used herein, the terms “User Equipment” (UE) and “Network Entity” are not intended to be specific to or otherwise limited to any particular Radio Access Technology (RAT) unless otherwise specified. In general, a UE can be any wireless communication device (e.g., mobile phone, router, tablet computer, laptop computer, and / or tracking device, etc.), wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, smart glasses, wearable ring, and / or extended reality (XR) device (such as virtual reality (VR) headset, augmented reality (AR) headset or glasses, or mixed reality (MR) headset)), vehicle (e.g., car, motorcycle, bicycle, etc.), and / or Internet of Things (IoT) device, etc., for a user to communicate over a wireless communication network. A UE can be mobile or can (e.g., at certain times) be stationary and can communicate with a Radio Access Network (RAN). As used herein, the term "UE" may be interchangeably referred to as "access terminal" or "AT," "client device," "wireless device," "subscriber device," "subscriber terminal," "subscriber station," "user terminal," or "UT," "mobile device," "mobile terminal," "mobile station," or variations thereof. Generally, a UE can communicate with the core network via the RAN, and through the core network, the UE can connect to external networks such as the Internet and to other UEs. Of course, other mechanisms for connecting to the core network and / or the Internet are also possible for the UE, such as through wired access networks, wireless local area network (WLAN) networks (e.g., based on the IEEE 802.11 communication standard), etc.

[0052] In some cases, network entities may be implemented in aggregated or monolithic base station or server architectures, or alternatively, in decomposed base station or server architectures, and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), distributed unit (DU), radio unit (RU), near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. In some cases, network entities may include server equipment, such as multi-access edge computing (MEC) equipment. A base station or server (e.g., with an aggregated / monolithic or decomposed base station architecture) may operate according to one of several RATs based on the network in which the base station or server is deployed to communicate with UEs, roadside units (RSUs), and / or other devices, and may alternatively be referred to as an access point (AP), network node, NodeB (NB), evolved NodeB (eNB), next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), new radio (NR) NodeB (also referred to as gNB or gNodeB), etc. Base stations are primarily used to support radio access by UEs, including supporting data, voice, and / or signaling connections for supported UEs. In some systems, the base station can provide edge node signaling functions, while in others, it can provide additional control and / or network management functions. The communication links through which the UE can transmit signals to the base station are called uplink (UL) channels (e.g., reverse traffic channel, reverse control channel, access channel, etc.). The communication links through which the base station can transmit signals to the UE are called downlink (DL) or forward link channels (e.g., paging channel, control channel, broadcast channel, or forward traffic channel, etc.). As used herein, the term traffic channel (TCH) can refer to uplink, reverse or downlink, and / or forward traffic channel.

[0053] The terms "network entity" or "base station" (e.g., having a converged / monolithic base station architecture or a disaggregated base station architecture) can refer to a single physical TRP or multiple physical TRPs that may or may not be co-located. For example, when the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to a single physical TRP, the physical TRP may be a base station antenna corresponding to a cell (or several cell sectors) of the base station. When the term "network entity" or "base station" refers to multiple co-located physical TRPs, these physical TRPs may be antenna arrays of the base station (e.g., as in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system or where the base station employs beamforming). When the term "base station" refers to multiple non-co-located physical TRPs, the physical TRPs may be a distributed antenna system (DAS) (a network of spatially separated antennas connected via a transmission medium to a common source) or a remote radio headend (RRH) (a remote base station connected to a serving base station). Alternatively, a non-co-located physical TRP may be a serving base station from which a measurement report is received from a UE and a neighboring base station from which the UE is measuring its reference radio frequency (RF) signal (or simply "reference signal"). As used in this article, a TRP is the point by which a base station transmits and receives wireless signals, so any mention of transmitting from or receiving at a base station should be understood as referring to a specific TRP of the base station.

[0054] In some specific implementations supporting UE positioning, network entities or base stations may not support the UE's radio access (e.g., may not support data, voice, and / or signaling connections regarding the UE), but instead may transmit reference signals to the UE for measurement, and / or receive and measure signals transmitted by the UE. Such a base station may be referred to as a positioning beacon (e.g., in the case of transmitting signals to the UE) and / or as a location measurement unit (e.g., in the case of receiving and measuring signals from the UE).

[0055] A roadside unit (RSU) is a device that can be accessed via a communication link or interface (e.g., a cellular-based side link or PC5 interface, 802.11-based or WiFi-based). ™ An RSU is a device that sends and receives messages to or from one or more UEs, other RSUs, and / or base stations via a Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) interface and / or other interfaces. Examples of messages that can be sent and received by an RSU include Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) messages, which are described in more detail below. An RSU may reside on various transportation infrastructure systems, including roads, bridges, parking lots, toll booths, and / or other infrastructure systems. In some examples, an RSU may facilitate communication between a UE (e.g., a vehicle, pedestrian user equipment, and / or other UE) and the transportation infrastructure system. In some implementations, an RSU may communicate with servers, base stations, and / or other systems that can perform centralized management functions.

[0056] The RSU can communicate with the UE's communication system. For example, the UE's (e.g., a vehicle and / or other UE) Intelligent Transport System (ITS) can be used to generate and sign messages for transmission to the RSU and to verify messages received from the RSU. The RSU can communicate (e.g., via a PC5 interface, DSRC interface, etc.) with vehicles traveling along roads, bridges, or other infrastructure systems to obtain traffic-related data (e.g., vehicle time, speed, location, etc.). In some cases, in response to obtaining traffic-related data, the RSU can determine or estimate traffic congestion information (e.g., the start of traffic congestion, the end of traffic congestion, etc.), travel time, and / or other information for a specific location. In some examples, the RSU can communicate with other RSUs (e.g., via a PC5 interface, DSRC interface, etc.) to determine traffic-related data. The RSU can send information (e.g., traffic congestion information, travel time information, and / or other information) to other vehicles, pedestrian UEs, and / or other UEs. For example, the RSU may broadcast or otherwise send information to any UE (e.g., vehicle, pedestrian UE, etc.) within the RSU's coverage area.

[0057] Radio frequency signals, or “RF signals,” comprise electromagnetic waves of a given frequency that transmit information across the space between a transmitter and a receiver. As used herein, a transmitter may send a single “RF signal” or multiple “RF signals” to a receiver. However, due to the propagation characteristics of RF signals through multipath channels, a receiver may receive multiple “RF signals” corresponding to each transmitted RF signal. The same transmitted RF signal on different paths between the transmitter and receiver may be referred to as a “multipath” RF signal. As used herein, where the context clearly indicates that the term “signal” refers to a wireless signal or RF signal, an RF signal may also be referred to as a “wireless signal” or simply a “signal.”

[0058] According to various aspects, Figure 1An exemplary wireless communication system 100 is illustrated. The wireless communication system 100 (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) may include individual base stations 102 and individual UEs 104. In some aspects, base station 102 may also be referred to as a "network entity" or "network node". One or more of base stations 102 may be implemented in an aggregated or monolithic base station architecture. Additionally or alternatively, one or more of base stations 102 may be implemented in a decomposed base station architecture and may include one or more of a central unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), a radio unit (RU), a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC), or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC. Base station 102 may include macrocell base stations (high-power cellular base stations) and / or small cell base stations (low-power cellular base stations). In one aspect, a macro cell base station may include an eNB and / or an ng-eNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network), or a gNB (where the wireless communication system 100 corresponds to an NR network), or a combination of both, and a small cell base station may include femtocells, picocells, microcells, etc.

[0059] Base station 102 can collectively form a RAN and interface with core network 170 (e.g., evolved packet core (EPC) or 5G core (5GC)) via backhaul link 122, and interface with one or more location servers 172 (which may be part of core network 170 or external to core network 170) via core network 170. Among other functions, base station 102 can perform functions related to one or more of the following: delivering user data, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), inter-cell interference coordination, connection establishment and release, load balancing, distribution of non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, RAN sharing, multimedia broadcast multicast service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, location, and delivery of warning messages. Base station 102 can communicate with each other directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC or 5GC) via backhaul link 134 (which may be wired and / or wireless).

[0060] Base station 102 can wirelessly communicate with UE 104. Each base station in base station 102 can provide communication coverage for a corresponding geographical coverage area 110. In one aspect, base station 102 in each coverage area 110 can support one or more cells. A “cell” is a logical communication entity used to communicate with a base station (e.g., on a frequency resource, referred to as a carrier frequency, component carrier, carrier, frequency band, etc.) and can be associated with an identifier (e.g., Physical Cell Identifier (PCI), Virtual Cell Identifier (VCI), Cell Global Identifier (CGI)) to distinguish cells operating via the same or different carrier frequencies. In some cases, different cells can be configured according to different protocol types that can provide access for different types of UEs (e.g., Machine Type Communication (MTC), Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), or other protocol types). Because a cell is supported by a specific base station, the term “cell” can refer to either or both of the logical communication entity and the base station supporting the logical communication entity, depending on the context. Furthermore, since the TRP is typically the physical transmission point of the cell, the terms “cell” and “TRP” can be used interchangeably. In some cases, the term "cell" can also refer to the geographic coverage area of ​​a base station (e.g., a sector), as long as the carrier frequency can be detected and used for communication within a portion of the geographic coverage area 110.

[0061] While the geographic coverage areas 110 of adjacent macro cell base stations 102 may partially overlap (e.g., in handover areas), some areas within geographic coverage areas 110 may substantially overlap with larger geographic coverage areas 110. For example, a small cell base station 102' may have a coverage area 110' that substantially overlaps with the coverage areas 110 of one or more macro cell base stations 102. A network that includes both small cell base stations and macro cell base stations may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home eNB (HeNB) that can provide service to a restricted group referred to as a Closed Subscriber Group (CSG).

[0062] The communication link 120 between base station 102 and UE 104 may include uplink (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to base station 102 and / or downlink (also known as forward link) transmission from base station 102 to UE 104. Communication link 120 may use MIMO antenna techniques, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmit diversity. Communication link 120 may use one or more carrier frequencies. Carrier allocation may be asymmetric for downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to the downlink compared to the uplink).

[0063] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a WLAN AP 150 communicating with a WLAN station (STA) 152 via a communication link 154 in unlicensed spectrum (e.g., 5 GHz). When communicating in unlicensed spectrum, the WLAN STA 152 and / or WLAN AP 150 may perform a Free Channel Assessment (CCA) or Listen-After-Talk (LBT) process before communication to determine if the channel is available. In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may include devices (e.g., UEs, etc.) that communicate with one or more UEs 104, base stations 102, APs 150, etc., using ultra-wideband (UWB) spectrum. The UWB spectrum can range from 3.1 GHz to 10.5 GHz.

[0064] Small cell base station 102' can operate in licensed and / or unlicensed spectrum. When operating in unlicensed spectrum, small cell base station 102' can employ LTE or NR technologies and use the same 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum as WLAN AP 150. Small cell base station 102' employing LTE and / or 5G in unlicensed spectrum can enhance coverage of the access network and / or increase the capacity of the access network. NR in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as NR-U. LTE in unlicensed spectrum can be referred to as LTE-U, Licensed Assisted Access (LAA), or MulteFire.

[0065] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a millimeter-wave (mmW) base station 180, which can operate at mmW and / or near-mmW frequencies to communicate with the UE 182. The mmW base station 180 may be implemented in a converged or monolithic base station architecture, or alternatively, in a decomposed base station architecture (e.g., including one or more of a CU, DU, RU, near-RT RIC, or non-RT RIC). Extremely high frequency (EHF) is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that contains radio frequency (RF). EHF has a range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz, with wavelengths between 1 mm and 10 mm. Radio waves in this band are referred to as millimeter waves. Near-mmW extends down to frequencies of 3 GHz with wavelengths of 100 mm. Ultra-high frequency (SHF) bands extend between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, and are also referred to as centimeter waves. Communication using mmW and / or near-mmW radio bands has high path loss and relatively short range. mmW base station 180 and UE 182 can utilize beamforming (transmit and / or receive) on mmW communication link 184 to compensate for extremely high path loss and short range. Furthermore, it should be understood that in alternative configurations, one or more base stations 102 may also use mmW or near-mmW and beamforming for transmission. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing illustrations are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the various aspects disclosed herein.

[0066] Transmit beamforming is a technique used to focus RF signals in a specific direction. Traditionally, when a network node or entity (e.g., a base station) broadcasts an RF signal, it broadcasts the signal in all directions (omnidirectionally). Using transmit beamforming, a network node determines where a given target device (e.g., a UE) is located (relative to the transmitting network node) and projects a stronger downlink RF signal in that specific direction, thus providing the receiving device with a faster and stronger RF signal (in terms of data rate). To change the directivity of the RF signal during transmission, a network node can control the phase and relative amplitude of the RF signal at each of one or more transmitters broadcasting the RF signal. For example, a network node can use an array of antennas (called a "phased array" or "antenna array") that forms an RF beam that can be "manipulated" to be pointed in different directions without actually moving the antennas. Specifically, RF currents from the transmitters are fed to the individual antennas with the correct phase relationship so that radio waves from the individual antennas add together in the desired direction to increase radiation, while canceling each other out in the undesired direction to suppress radiation.

[0067] Transmit beams can be quasi-co-located, meaning they have the same parameters for the receiver (e.g., UE), regardless of whether the transmit antennas of the network nodes are physically co-located. In NR, there are four types of quasi-co-located (QCL) relationships. Specifically, a given type of QCL relationship means that certain parameters of a second reference RF signal on a second beam can be derived based on information about the source reference RF signal on the source beam. Therefore, if the source reference RF signal is QCL type A, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type B, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and Doppler spread of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is QCL type C, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the Doppler shift and average delay of the second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel. If the source reference RF signal is of type QCL D, the receiver can use the source reference RF signal to estimate the spatial reception parameters of a second reference RF signal transmitted on the same channel.

[0068] In receive beamforming, a receiver uses a receive beam to amplify an RF signal detected on a given channel. For example, the receiver may increase the gain setting of an antenna array in a particular direction and / or adjust the phase setting of the antenna array in a particular direction to amplify the RF signal received from that direction (e.g., increase its gain level). Therefore, when a receiver is said to be beamforming in a certain direction, it means that the beam gain in that direction is higher than the beam gain along other directions, or that the beam gain in that direction is the highest compared to the beam gain of other beams available to the receiver. This results in a stronger received signal strength (e.g., reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received quality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), etc.) of the RF signal received from that direction.

[0069] The receive beam can be spatially dependent. Spatial dependency means that parameters for the transmit beam for the second reference signal can be derived based on information about the receive beam for the first reference signal. For example, a UE can use a specific receive beam to receive one or more reference downlink reference signals (e.g., Position Reference Signal (PRS), Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), Cell Specific Reference Signal (CRS), Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS), Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS), Secondary Synchronization Signal (SSS), Synchronization Signal Block (SSB), etc.) from a network node or entity (e.g., a base station). The UE can then form a transmit beam based on the parameters of the receive beam to transmit one or more uplink reference signals (e.g., Uplink Position Reference Signal (UL-PRS), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), Demodulation Reference Signal (DMRS), PTRS, etc.) to that network node or entity (e.g., a base station).

[0070] It should be noted that, depending on the entity forming the "downlink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if a network node or entity (e.g., a base station) is forming a downlink beam to transmit a reference signal to the UE, then the downlink beam is a transmit beam. However, if the UE is forming a downlink beam, then the downlink beam is a receive beam for receiving downlink reference signals. Similarly, depending on the entity forming the "uplink" beam, the beam can be either a transmit beam or a receive beam. For example, if a network node or entity (e.g., a base station) is forming an uplink beam, then the uplink beam is an uplink receive beam, while if the UE is forming an uplink beam, then the uplink beam is an uplink transmit beam.

[0071] In 5G, the spectrum in which wireless network nodes or entities (e.g., base stations 102 / 180, UE 104 / 182) operate is divided into multiple frequency ranges: FR1 (from 450 MHz to 6000 MHz), FR2 (from 24250 MHz to 52600 MHz), FR3 (above 52600 MHz), and FR4 (between FR1 and FR2). In multi-carrier systems such as 5G, one of the carrier frequencies is referred to as the “primary carrier” or “anchor carrier” or “primary serving cell” or “PCell,” and the remaining carrier frequencies are referred to as “secondary carriers” or “secondary serving cells” or “SCell.” In carrier aggregation, the anchor carrier is the carrier operating on the primary frequency (e.g., FR1) utilized by UE 104 / 182 and the cell, in which UE 104 / 182 performs an initial radio resource control (RRC) connection establishment procedure or initiates an RRC connection re-establishment procedure. The primary carrier carries all common and UE-specific control channels and can be a carrier in a licensed frequency (however, this is not always the case). The secondary carrier is a carrier operating on a second frequency (e.g., FR2) that can be configured and used to provide additional radio resources once an RRC connection is established between UE 104 and the anchor carrier. In some cases, the secondary carrier can be a carrier in an unlicensed frequency. The secondary carrier may contain only the necessary signaling information and signals; for example, since the primary uplink and primary downlink carriers are typically UE-specific, those UE-specific signaling information and signals may not be present in the secondary carrier. This means that different UEs 104 / 182 within a cell can have different downlink primary carriers. The same applies to the uplink primary carrier. The network can change the primary carrier of any UE 104 / 182 at any time. This is done, for example, to balance the load on different carriers. Since a “serving cell” (whether PCell or SCell) corresponds to a carrier frequency or component carrier that some base station is using for communication, the terms “cell,” “serving cell,” “component carrier,” “carrier frequency,” etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0072] For example, still refer to Figure 1One of the frequencies used by macro cell base station 102 may be an anchor carrier (or "PCell"), and the other frequencies used by macro cell base station 102 and / or mmW base station 180 may be secondary carriers ("SCell"). In carrier aggregation, base station 102 and / or UE 104 may use a spectrum with a bandwidth of up to Y MHz per carrier (e.g., 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz, 100 MHz), with up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction. Component carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other in the spectrum. Carrier allocation may be asymmetrical with respect to downlink and uplink (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to downlink compared to uplink). Simultaneous transmission and / or reception on multiple carriers allows UE 104 / 182 to significantly increase its data transmission rate and / or data reception rate. For example, two aggregated 20 MHz carriers in a multi-carrier system would theoretically result in a doubling of the data rate (i.e., 40 MHz) compared to the data rate obtained by a single 20 MHz carrier.

[0073] To operate on multiple carrier frequencies, base station 102 and / or UE 104 are equipped with multiple receivers and / or transmitters. For example, UE 104 may have two receivers, namely "Receiver 1" and "Receiver 2", where "Receiver 1" is a multi-band receiver that can be tuned to band "X" or band "Y", while "Receiver 2" is a single-band receiver that can be tuned to only band "Z". In this example, if UE 104 is being served in band "X", then band "X" will be referred to as PCell or active carrier frequency, and "Receiver 1" will need to tune from band "X" to band "Y" (SCell) to measure band "Y" (and vice versa). In contrast, regardless of whether UE 104 is being served in band "X" or band "Y", due to the separate "Receiver 2", UE 104 can measure band "Z" without interrupting service on band "X" or band "Y".

[0074] The wireless communication system 100 may also include a UE 164, which can communicate with the macro cell base station 102 on the communication link 120 and / or with the mmW base station 180 on the mmW communication link 184. For example, the macro cell base station 102 may support PCells and one or more SCells for the UE 164, and the mmW base station 180 may support one or more SCells for the UE 164.

[0075] The wireless communication system 100 may also include one or more UEs, such as UE 190, which are indirectly connected to one or more communication networks via one or more device-to-device (D2D) peer-to-peer (P2P) links (referred to as "side links"). Figure 1 In one example, UE 190 has a D2D P2P link 192 with one of UEs 104 connected to one of the base stations 102 (e.g., UE 190 can indirectly obtain cellular connectivity through this D2D P2P link), and has a D2D P2P link 194 with a WLAN STA 152 connected to a WLAN AP 150 (UE 190 can indirectly obtain WLAN-based Internet connectivity through this D2D P2P link). In one example, D2D P2P links 192 and 194 can use any known D2D RAT (such as LTE Direct (LTE-D), Wi-Fi Direct (Wi-Fi-D), Bluetooth). ® (etc.) to support.

[0076] Figure 2 This is an illustration of an example of a decomposed base station architecture that can be used by the disclosed system for sidelink positioning with UE session participation criteria and thresholds. The deployment of communication systems such as 5G NR systems can be arranged in a variety of ways using various components or constituent parts. In a 5G NR system or network, network nodes, network entities, network mobility elements, radio access network (RAN) nodes, core network nodes, network elements or network equipment (such as base stations (BS)) or one or more units (or components) performing base station functionality can be implemented in aggregated or decomposed architectures. For example, BSs (such as NodeBs (NBs), evolved NBs (eNBs), NR BSs, 5G NBs, APs, transmit / receive points (TRPs), or cells, etc.) can be implemented as aggregated base stations (also known as stand-alone BSs or monolithic BSs) or decomposed base stations.

[0077] Aggregated base stations can be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack that is physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. Decentralized base stations can be configured to utilize a protocol stack that is physically or logically distributed across two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some respects, the CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed across one or more other RAN nodes. DUs may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of the CUs, DUs, and RUs may also be implemented as a virtual unit, namely a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0078] Base station type operation or network design can take into account the aggregation characteristics of base station functionality. For example, decomposed base stations can be utilized in Integrated Access Backhaul (IAB) networks, Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN (such as network configurations initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or Virtualized Radio Access Networks (vRAN, also known as Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN)). Decomposition can include distributing functionality across two or more units in various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing the functionality of at least one unit, which enables flexibility in network design. The various units in a decomposed base station or decomposed RAN architecture can be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0079] As mentioned earlier, Figure 2 A diagram illustrating an example decomposed base station 201 architecture is shown. The decomposed base station 201 architecture may include one or more central units (CUs) 211, which may communicate directly with the core network 223 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 223 via one or more decomposed base station units, such as a near real-time (near-RT) RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 227 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 217 associated with a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) framework 207, or both. CUs 211 may communicate with one or more distributed units (DUs) 231 via corresponding midhaul links (such as F1 interfaces). DUs 231 may communicate with one or more radio units (RUs) 241 via corresponding fronthaul links. RUs 241 may communicate with corresponding UEs 221 via one or more RF access links. In some implementations, a UE 221 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 241.

[0080] Each of these units (i.e., CU 211, DU 231, RU 241, and near-RT RIC 227, non-RT RIC 217, and SMO frame 207) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or transmit signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via wired or wireless transmission media. Each of the units, or an associated processor or controller providing instructions to the communication interfaces of these units, may be configured to communicate with one or more other units via transmission media. For example, these units may include wired interfaces configured to receive signals or transmit signals to one or more other units via wired transmission media. Additionally, units may include wireless interfaces that may include receivers, transmitters, or transceivers (such as RF transceivers) configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, to one or more other units over a wireless transmission medium.

[0081] In some aspects, CU 211 can host one or more higher-level control functions. Such control functions may include Radio Resource Control (RRC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Serving Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function can be implemented using an interface configured to signal to other control functions hosted by CU 211. CU 211 can be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-User Plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., Central Unit-Control Plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some implementations, CU 211 can be logically divided into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, CU-UP units can communicate bidirectionally with CU-CP units via an interface such as an E1 interface. CU 211 can be implemented to communicate with DU 131 for network control and signaling, as needed.

[0082] DU 231 may correspond to a logical unit comprising one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RU 241s. In some aspects, DU 231 may at least partially host one or more of the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, the Media Access Control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) according to functional splits (such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). In some aspects, DU 231 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 231 or with control functions hosted by CU 211.

[0083] Lower-layer functionality can be implemented by one or more RU 241s. In some deployments, the RU 241 controlled by the DU 231 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, or Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or both, at least in part based on functional decomposition (such as lower-layer functional decomposition). In such architectures, the RU 241 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UE 221s. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of control plane and user plane communications with the RU 241 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 231. In some scenarios, this configuration enables the implementation of the DU 231 and CU 211 in cloud-based RAN architectures such as vRAN architectures.

[0084] SMO framework 207 can be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of both non-virtualized and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, SMO framework 207 can be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which can be managed via operation and maintenance interfaces such as the O1 interface. For virtualized network elements, SMO framework 207 can be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform such as Open Cloud (O-Cloud) 291 to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface such as the O2 interface. Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 211, DU 231, RU 241, and near-RT RIC 227. In some implementations, SMO framework 207 can communicate with the hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as Open eNB (O-eNB) 213) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some implementations, SMO framework 207 can communicate directly with one or more RU 241s via the O1 interface. SMO framework 207 may also include a non-RT RIC 217 configured to support the functionality of SMO framework 207.

[0085] The non-RT RIC 217 can be configured to include logical functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, including artificial intelligence / machine learning (AI / ML) workflows for model training and updates, or policy-based guidance for applications / features in the near-RT RIC 227. The non-RT RIC 217 can be coupled to or communicate with the near-RT RIC 227, such as via an A1 interface. The near-RT RIC 227 can be configured to include logical functions that enable near real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via an interface, such as via an E2 interface, through data collection and action, connecting one or more CUs 211, one or more DUs 231, or both, and an O-eNB 213 to the near-RT RIC 227.

[0086] In some implementations, to generate AI / ML models to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 227, the non-RT RIC 217 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. This information can be utilized by the near-RT RIC 227 and may be received from non-network data sources or network functions at the SMO framework 207 or the non-RT RIC 217. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 217 or the near-RT RIC 227 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 217 may monitor long-term trends and patterns in performance and use AI / ML models to perform corrective actions via the SMO framework 207 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or by creating RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0087] Figure 3 Examples of different communication mechanisms used by various UEs are illustrated. In one example of sidelink communication, Figure 3 Vehicles 304, 305, and RSU 303 are illustrated using PC5, DSRC, or other device-to-device direct signaling interfaces. Additionally, vehicles 304 and 305 can use a network (Uu) interface to communicate with base station 302 (shown as BS 302). In some examples, base station 302 may include a gNB. Figure 3 The example also illustrates user equipment 307 using a network (Uu) interface to communicate with base station 302. As described below, functionality can be transferred from a vehicle (e.g., vehicle 304) to user equipment (e.g., user equipment 307) based on one or more characteristics or factors (e.g., temperature, humidity, etc.). In an illustrative example, V2X functionality can be transferred from vehicle 304 to user equipment 307, after which user equipment 307 can communicate with other vehicles (e.g., vehicle 305) via a PC5 interface (or other device-to-device direct interfaces, such as a DSRC interface), as... Figure 3 As shown.

[0088] Although Figure 3An example is illustrated of a specific number of vehicles (e.g., two vehicles 304 and 305) communicating with each other and / or with RSU 303, BS 302, and / or User Equipment 307, but this disclosure is not limited thereto. For example, dozens or hundreds of such vehicles may be communicating with each other and / or with RSU 303, BS 302, and / or User Equipment 307. At any given time, each such vehicle, RSU 303, BS 302, and / or User Equipment 307 may send various types of information as messages to other nearby vehicles, resulting in each vehicle (e.g., vehicle 304 and / or 305), RSU 303, BS 302, and / or User Equipment 307 receiving hundreds or thousands of messages per second from other nearby vehicles, RSUs, base stations, and / or other UEs.

[0089] Although Figure 3 The PC5 interface is shown, but various UEs (e.g., vehicles, user equipment, etc.) and RSUs can use any suitable type of direct interface such as 802.11 DSRC interface, Bluetooth, etc. ™ Communication can be achieved directly through interfaces and / or other interfaces. For example, a vehicle can communicate with a user equipment (UE) via a direct communication interface (e.g., using PC5 and / or DSRC), a vehicle can communicate with another vehicle via a direct communication interface, a UE can communicate with another UE via a direct communication interface, a UE (e.g., a vehicle, UE, etc.) can communicate with an RSU via a direct communication interface, an RSU can communicate with another RSU via a direct communication interface, and so on.

[0090] Figure 4This is a block diagram illustrating an example of a vehicle computing system 450 for a vehicle 404. The vehicle 404 is an example of a UE that can communicate with a network (e.g., eNB, gNB, location beacon, location measurement unit, and / or other network entities) via a Uu interface and can communicate with other UEs using V2X communication via a PC5 interface (or other device-to-device direct interfaces, such as a DSRC interface). As shown, the vehicle computing system 450 may include at least a power management system 451, a control system 452, an infotainment system 454, an intelligent transmission system (ITS) 455, one or more sensor systems 456, and a communication system 458. In some cases, the vehicle computing system 450 may include any type of processing device or system or may be implemented using any type of processing device or system, such as one or more central processing units (CPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application processors (APs), graphics processing units (GPUs), vision processing units (VPUs), neural network signal processors (NSPs), microcontrollers, special-purpose hardware, any combination thereof, and / or other processing devices or systems.

[0091] Control system 452 may be configured to control the operation of one or more of the following systems of vehicle 404: power management system 451, computing system 450, infotainment system 454, ITS 455, and / or other systems of vehicle 404 (e.g., braking system, steering system, safety systems other than ITS 455, cockpit system, and / or other systems). In some examples, control system 452 may include one or more electronic control units (ECUs). ECUs may control one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in the vehicle. Examples of specific ECUs that may be included as part of control system 452 include engine control module (ECM), powertrain control module (PCM), transmission control module (TCM), brake control module (BCM), central control module (CCM), central timing module (CTM), etc. In some cases, control system 452 may receive sensor signals from one or more sensor systems 456 and may communicate with other systems of vehicle computing system 450 to operate vehicle 404.

[0092] The vehicle computing system 450 also includes a power management system 451. In some implementations, the power management system 451 may include a power management integrated circuit (PMIC), a backup battery, and / or other components. In some cases, other systems of the vehicle computing system 450 may include one or more PMICs, batteries, and / or other components. The power management system 451 may perform power management functions of the vehicle 404, such as managing the power supply to the computing system 450 and / or other parts of the vehicle. For example, the power management system 451 may provide a stable power supply in response to power fluctuations, such as those based on starting the vehicle's engine. In another example, the power management system 451 may perform thermal monitoring operations, such as by checking the ambient and / or transistor junction temperatures. In another example, the power management system 451 may perform certain functions based on the detection of a certain temperature level, such as cooling certain components of the vehicle computing system 450 (e.g., control system 452, such as one or more ECUs) by a cooling system (e.g., one or more fans, air conditioning system, etc.), shutting down certain functions of the vehicle computing system 450 (e.g., limiting the infotainment system 454, such as by turning off one or more displays, disconnecting from wireless networks, etc.), and other functions.

[0093] The vehicle computing system 450 also includes a communication system 458. The communication system 458 may include communication methods for communicating with a network (e.g., via a Uu interface to a gNB or other network entity) and / or with other UEs (e.g., via a PC5 interface, a WiFi interface (e.g., DSRC), Bluetooth). ™ Both software and hardware components that transmit signals to and from another vehicle or UE via an interface and / or other wireless and / or wired interfaces, and receive signals from that network and / or from that other UE. For example, communication system 458 is configured to transmit signals via any suitable wireless network (e.g., 3G network, 4G network, 5G network, WiFi network, Bluetooth). ™ The communication system 458 wirelessly transmits and receives information via a network and / or other networks. The communication system 458 includes various components or devices for performing wireless communication functionality, including an Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) subscriber identity module (referred to as a SIM or SIM card) 460, a subscriber SIM 462, and a modem 464. SIM 460 may include a hardware SIM, a software-based SIM (or eSIM) (e.g., a programmable SIM card), any combination thereof, and / or other types of SIM. Although the vehicle computing system 450 is shown as having two SIMs and one modem, in some specific implementations, the computing system 450 may have any number of SIMs (e.g., one SIM or more than two SIMs) and any number of modems (e.g., one modem, two modems, or more than two modems).

[0094] A SIM is a device (e.g., an integrated circuit) that securely stores a specific subscriber's or user's International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number and associated keys (e.g., encryption-decryption keys). The IMSI and keys can be used to identify and authenticate subscribers on a specific UE. The OEM SIM 460 can be used by the communication system 458 to establish a wireless connection for vehicle-based operations, such as for emergency call (eCall) functionality, communication with the vehicle manufacturer's communication system (e.g., for software updates), and other operations. The OEM SIM 460 can be crucial for supporting key services such as eCalls for making emergency calls in the event of a car accident or other emergency. For example, eCalls could include automatically dialing emergency numbers (e.g., "9-1-1" in the US, "1-1-2" in Europe, etc.) in the event of a vehicle accident and relaying the vehicle's location to emergency services (such as police stations, fire departments, etc.).

[0095] The user SIM 462 can be used by the communication system 458 to perform wireless network access functions to support user data connections (e.g., for making telephone calls, sending and receiving messages, infotainment-related services, etc.). In some cases, the user's user equipment can access the network via an interface (e.g., via PC5, Bluetooth). ™ Wi-Fi ™ The user equipment (UE) can connect to the vehicle computing system 450 via a wireless network access function (e.g., DSRC, USB port, and / or other wireless or wired interface). Once connected, the UE can transfer wireless network access functionality from the UE to the vehicle's communication system 458, in which case the UE can stop the execution of the wireless network access function (e.g., during the period when the communication system 458 is performing the wireless access function). The communication system 458 can begin interacting with the base station to perform one or more wireless communication operations, such as facilitating telephone calls, sending and / or receiving data (e.g., message sending and receiving, video, audio, etc.), and other operations. In such cases, other components of the vehicle computing system 450 can be used to output the data received by the communication system 458. For example, the infotainment system 454 (described below) can display the video received by the communication system 458 on one or more displays, and / or can use one or more speakers to output the audio received by the communication system 458.

[0096] A modem is a device that modulates one or more carrier signals to encode digital information for transmission and demodulates the signals to decode the transmitted information. Modem 464 (and / or one or more other modems of communication system 458) can be used for data communication of OEM SIM 460 and / or user SIM 462. In some examples, modem 464 may include a 4G (or LTE) modem, and another modem (not shown) of communication system 458 may include a 5G (or NR) modem. In some examples, communication system 458 may include one or more Bluetooth devices. ™ Modem (e.g., for Bluetooth) ™ Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) or other types of Bluetooth communication), or one or more WiFi networks. ™ Modems (e.g., for DSRC communication and / or other WiFi communication), broadband modems (e.g., ultra-wideband (UWB) modems), any combination thereof and / or other types of modems.

[0097] In some cases, modem 464 (and / or one or more other modems of communication system 458) may be used to perform V2X communication (e.g., V2V communication with other vehicles, D2D communication with other devices, V2I communication with infrastructure systems, V2P communication with pedestrian UEs, etc.). In some examples, communication system 458 may include a V2X modem for performing V2X communication (e.g., sidelink communication via PC5 interface or DSRC interface), in which case the V2X modem may be separate from one or more modems for wireless network access functions (e.g., network communication via network / Uu interface and / or sidelink communication other than V2X communication).

[0098] In some examples, the communication system 458 may be or may include a Telematics Control Unit (TCU). In some implementations, the TCU may include a Network Access Device (NAD) (also referred to in some cases as a Network Control Unit or NCU). The NAD may include a modem 464, Figure 4 This includes any other modems, OEM SIM 460, user SIM 462, and / or other components for wireless communication not shown. In some examples, the communication system 458 may include a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). In some cases, the GNSS may be part of one or more sensor systems 456, as described below. The GNSS may provide the vehicle computing system 450 with the ability to perform one or more location services, navigation services, and / or other services that can utilize GNSS functionality.

[0099] In some cases, the communication system 458 may also include one or more wireless interfaces for transmitting and receiving wireless communications (e.g., including one or more transceivers and one or more baseband processors for each wireless interface), one or more wired interfaces for performing communication via one or more hardwired connections (e.g., serial interfaces such as Universal Serial Bus (USB) inputs, lighting connectors and / or other wired interfaces), and / or other components that may allow the vehicle 404 to communicate with a network and / or other UEs.

[0100] The vehicle computing system 450 may also include an infotainment system 454 with controllable content and one or more output devices for outputting content from the vehicle 404. The infotainment system 454 may also be referred to as an in-vehicle infotainment (IVI) system or an in-vehicle entertainment (ICE) system. Content may include navigation content, media content (e.g., video content, music or other audio content, and / or other media content), and other content. One or more output devices may include one or more graphical user interfaces, one or more displays, one or more speakers, one or more extended reality devices (e.g., VR, AR, and / or MR headsets), one or more haptic feedback devices (e.g., one or more devices configured to vibrate the seat, steering wheel, and / or other parts of the vehicle 404), and / or other output devices.

[0101] In some examples, computing system 450 may include Intelligent Transport System (ITS) 455. In some examples, ITS 455 may be used to implement V2X communication. For example, the ITS stack of ITS 455 may generate V2X messages based on information from the application layer of the ITS. In some cases, the application layer may determine whether certain conditions have been met to generate messages for use by ITS 455 and / or generate messages to be transmitted to other vehicles (for V2V communication), pedestrian UEs (for V2P communication), and / or infrastructure systems (for V2I communication). In some cases, communication system 458 and / or ITS 455 may obtain Vehicle Access Network (CAN) information (e.g., from other components of the vehicle via the CAN bus). In some examples, communication system 458 (e.g., TCU NAD) may obtain CAN information via the CAN bus and may transmit the CAN information to the PHY / MAC layer of ITS 455. ITS 455 may provide CAN information to the ITS stack of ITS 455. CAN information may include vehicle-related information, such as the vehicle's direction of travel, speed, braking information, and other information. CAN information may be provided to the ITS 455 continuously or periodically (e.g., every 1 millisecond (ms), every 10 ms, etc.).

[0102] The conditions used to determine whether to generate a message can be based on CAN information used by safety-related applications and / or other applications (including applications related to road safety, traffic efficiency, infotainment, business, and / or other applications). In an exemplary example, ITS 455 can perform lane change assistance or negotiation. For example, using CAN information, ITS 455 can determine that the driver of vehicle 404 is attempting to change lanes from the current lane to an adjacent lane (e.g., based on the activation of hazard lights, based on the user changing direction or turning into an adjacent lane, etc.). Based on determining that vehicle 404 is attempting to change lanes, ITS 455 can determine that lane change conditions have been met, associated with messages to be transmitted to other vehicles nearby in the adjacent lane. ITS 455 can trigger the ITS stack to generate one or more messages to be sent to other vehicles, which can be used to negotiate a lane change with other vehicles. Other examples of applications include forward collision warning, automatic emergency braking, lane departure warning, pedestrian avoidance or protection (e.g., when a pedestrian is detected near vehicle 404, such as through V2P communication with the user's UE), traffic sign recognition, and so on.

[0103] ITS 455 may use any suitable protocol to generate messages (e.g., V2X messages). Examples of protocols that ITS 455 may use include one or more Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards (such as SAE J2735, SAE J2945, SAE J3161 and / or other standards), which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety and used for all purposes.

[0104] The security layer of ITS 455 can be used to securely sign messages from the ITS stack, which are then delivered to and verified by other UEs configured for V2X communication (such as other vehicles, pedestrian UEs, and / or infrastructure systems). The security layer can also verify messages received from such other UEs. In some implementations, the signing and verification process may be based on the security context of the vehicle. In some examples, the security context may include one or more encryption-decryption algorithms, a public key and / or private key used to generate the signature using the encryption-decryption algorithms, and / or other information. For example, each ITS message generated by ITS 455 can be signed by the security layer of ITS 455. The signature can be derived using the public key and the encryption-decryption algorithm. The vehicle, pedestrian UE, and / or infrastructure system receiving the signed message can verify the signature to ensure that the message originates from an authorized vehicle. In some examples, one or more encryption-decryption algorithms may include one or more symmetric encryption algorithms (e.g., Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), Data Encryption Standard (DES), and / or other symmetric encryption algorithms), one or more asymmetric encryption algorithms using public and private keys (e.g., Levitt-Shamir-Adlerman (RSA) and / or other asymmetric encryption algorithms), and / or other encryption-decryption algorithms.

[0105] In some examples, ITS 455 may determine certain actions to be performed (e.g., V2X-based actions) based on messages received from other UEs. These actions may include safety-related and / or other operations, such as those for road safety, traffic efficiency, infotainment, business, and / or other applications. In some examples, these actions may include causing a vehicle (e.g., control system 452) to perform automatic functions, such as automatic braking, automatic steering (e.g., maintaining direction of travel in a specific lane), automatic lane change negotiation with other vehicles, and other automatic functions. In one exemplary example, communication system 458 may receive a message from another vehicle (e.g., via a PC5 interface, DSRC interface, or other device-to-device direct interface) indicating that the other vehicle is about to stop suddenly. In response to receiving the message, the ITS stack may generate a message or instruction and may transmit the message or instruction to control system 452, which may cause control system 452 to automatically brake vehicle 404 to stop it before colliding with another vehicle. In other exemplary examples, these actions may include triggering a message to warn the driver that another vehicle is in the lane adjacent to the vehicle, a message to warn the driver to stop the vehicle, a message to warn the driver that a pedestrian is at an upcoming intersection, a message to warn the driver that a toll station is within a certain distance of the vehicle (e.g., within 1 mile), and so on.

[0106] In some examples, the ITS 455 may receive a large number of messages from other UEs (e.g., vehicles, RSUs, etc.). In such cases, the ITS 455 will authenticate (e.g., decode and decrypt) each message and / or determine which operations to perform. Such a large number of messages can result in a high computational load on the vehicle computing system 450. In some cases, this high computational load can cause the temperature of the computing system 450 to rise. The temperature rise of the components of the computing system 450 can adversely affect its ability to process a large number of incoming messages. One or more functionalities may be transferred from vehicle 404 to another device (e.g., user equipment, RSUs, etc.) based on the temperature of the vehicle computing system 450 (or its components) exceeding or approaching one or more thermal levels. Transferring one or more functionalities can reduce the computational load on vehicle 404 and help lower the temperature of the components. A thermal load balancer may be provided, which, depending on the temperature of the computing system 450 and the processing power of the vehicle computing system 450, enables the vehicle computing system 450 to perform thermal-based load balancing to control the processing load.

[0107] The computing system 450 also includes one or more sensor systems 456 (e.g., a first sensor system through an Nth sensor system, where N is a value equal to or greater than 0). When multiple sensor systems are included, the sensor systems 456 may include different types of sensor systems that can be arranged on or within different parts of the vehicle 404. The sensor systems 456 may include one or more camera sensor systems, LIDAR sensor systems, RADAR sensor systems, EmDAR sensor systems, SONAR sensor systems, SODAR sensor systems, GNSS receiver systems (e.g., one or more GPS receiver systems), accelerometers, gyroscopes, inertial measurement units (IMUs), infrared sensor systems, laser rangefinder systems, ultrasonic sensor systems, infrasound sensor systems, microphones, any combination thereof, and / or other sensor systems. It should be understood that any number of sensors or sensor systems may be included as part of the computing system 450 of the vehicle 404.

[0108] Although the vehicle computing system 450 is shown as including certain components and / or systems, those skilled in the art will understand that the vehicle computing system 450 may include more than Figure 4The components shown may include more or fewer of those shown. For example, the vehicle computing system 450 may also include one or more input devices and one or more output devices (not shown). In some embodiments, the vehicle computing system 450 may also include (e.g., as part of or separate from a control system 452, infotainment system 454, communication system 458, and / or sensor system 456) at least one processor and at least one memory having computer-executable instructions executed by the at least one processor. The at least one processor communicates with and / or is electrically connected to (referred to as "coupled to" or "communically coupled to") the at least one memory. The at least one processor may include, for example, one or more microcontrollers, one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), one or more graphics processing units (GPUs), one or more application processors (e.g., for running or executing one or more software applications), and / or other processors. The at least one memory may include, for example, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM) (e.g., static RAM (SRAM)), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, one or more buffers, one or more databases, and / or other memories. Computer-executable instructions stored in or on at least memory can be executed to perform one or more of the functions or operations described herein.

[0109] Figure 5 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a system 500 for sensor sharing in wireless communication (e.g., V2X communication). Figure 5 In this diagram, system 500 is shown to include multiple equipped (e.g., V2X-enabled) network devices. These equipped network devices include vehicles (e.g., cars) 510a, 510b, 510c, 510d, and RSU 505. Multiple unequipped network devices are also shown, including an unequipped vehicle 520, a VRU (e.g., a cyclist) 530, and a pedestrian 540. System 500 may include, for example... Figure 5 This indicates more or fewer equipped network devices and / or more or fewer unequipped network devices. Additionally, system 500 may include, for example... Figure 5 The examples show more or fewer different types of equipped network devices (e.g., which may include equipped UEs) and / or more or fewer different types of unequipped network devices (e.g., which may include unequipped UEs). Additionally, in one or more examples, the equipped network devices may be equipped with a wide variety of capabilities, including but not limited to C-V2X / DSRC capabilities, 4G / 5G cellular connectivity, GPS capabilities, camera capabilities, radar capabilities, and / or LIDAR capabilities.

[0110] Multiple equipped network devices may be capable of performing V2X communication. Additionally, at least some of the equipped network devices are configured to transmit and receive sensing signals for radar (e.g., RF sensing signals) and / or LIDAR (e.g., optical sensing signals) to detect nearby vehicles and / or objects. Additionally or alternatively, in some cases, at least some of the equipped network devices are configured to use one or more cameras to detect nearby vehicles and / or objects (e.g., by processing images captured by the one or more cameras to detect these vehicles / objects). In one or more examples, vehicles 510a, 510b, 510c, 510d, and RSU 505 may be configured to transmit and receive some kind of sensing signal (e.g., radar and / or LIDAR sensing signals).

[0111] In some examples, some of the network devices equipped in the system 500 may have sensors with higher capabilities than other network devices equipped in the system 500 (e.g., GPS receivers, cameras, RF antennas, and / or optical lasers and / or optical sensors). For example, vehicle 510b may be a luxury vehicle and therefore have sensors that are more expensive and more capable than other vehicles that are economy vehicles. In one exemplary example, vehicle 510b may have one or more LIDAR sensors (e.g., high-capacity optical lasers and optical sensors) with higher capabilities than other network devices equipped in the system 500. In one exemplary example, the LIDAR of vehicle 510b may be able to detect VRUs (e.g., cyclists) 530 and / or pedestrians 540 with high confidence (e.g., 70 percent confidence). In another example, vehicle 510b may have radar with higher capabilities than other network devices equipped in the system 500 (e.g., high-capacity RF antennas). For example, the radar of vehicle 510b may be able to detect VRU (e.g., a cyclist) 530 and / or pedestrian 540 with a certain confidence level (e.g., 85 percent confidence level). In another example, vehicle 510b may have a camera with higher capabilities than other network devices equipped in system 500 (e.g., higher resolution capability, higher frame rate capability, better lens, etc.).

[0112] During operation of system 500, the equipped network devices (e.g., RSU 505 and / or at least one of vehicles 510a, 510b, 510c, 510d) can transmit and / or receive sensing signals (e.g., RF and / or optical signals) to sense and detect vehicles (e.g., vehicles 510a, 510b, 510c, 510d, and 520) and / or objects (e.g., VRU 530 and pedestrian 540) located within and around the road. The equipped network devices (e.g., at least one of vehicles 510a, 510b, 510c, 510d and / or RSU 505) can then use the sensing signals to determine the characteristics (e.g., motion, size, type, direction of travel, and speed) of the detected vehicles and / or objects. The network equipment (e.g., at least one of vehicles 510a, 510b, 510c, 510d and / or RSU 505) can generate at least one vehicle-based message 515 (e.g., V2X message, such as Sensor Data Sharing Message (SDSM), Basic Safety Message (BSM), Collaborative Awareness Message (CAM), Collective Perception Message (CPM) and / or other types of messages), which includes information related to the determined characteristics of the detected vehicle and / or object.

[0113] Vehicle-based messages 515 may include information related to the detected vehicle or object (e.g., the location of the vehicle or object, the accuracy of the location, the speed of the vehicle or object, the direction the vehicle or object is traveling, and / or other information related to the vehicle or object), traffic conditions (e.g., low-speed and / or dense traffic, high-speed traffic, accident-related information, etc.), weather conditions (e.g., rain, snow, etc.), message type (e.g., emergency message, non-emergency or "regular" message, etc.), road topology (line-of-sight (LOS) or non-LOS (NLOS), etc.), any combination thereof, and / or other information. In some examples, vehicle-based messages 515 may also include information about the preferences of the equipped network device for receiving vehicle-based messages from certain other equipped network devices. In some cases, the vehicle-based message 515 may include the current capabilities of the equipped network equipment (e.g., vehicles 510a, 510b, 510c, 510d), such as the sensing capabilities of the equipped network equipment (which may affect the accuracy with which the equipped network equipment senses vehicles and / or objects), processing capabilities, thermal status of the equipped network equipment (which may affect the vehicle's ability to process data), and health status of the equipped network equipment.

[0114] In some aspects, the vehicle-based message 515 may include a dynamic neighbor list (also referred to as a Local Dynamic Map (LDM) or Dynamic Surrounding Map) for each of the equipped network devices (e.g., vehicles 510a, 510b, 510c, 510d, and RSU 505). For example, each dynamic neighbor list may include a list of all vehicles and / or objects located within a specific predetermined distance (or distance radius) from the corresponding equipped network device. In some cases, each dynamic neighbor list includes a mapping of all vehicles and / or objects located within a specific predetermined distance (or distance radius) from the corresponding equipped network device, which may include road and terrain topology.

[0115] In some implementations, vehicle-based message 515 may include specific use case or safety warnings related to the current status of the equipped network equipment (e.g., vehicles 510a, 510b, 510c, 510d), such as a No-Passing Warning (DNPW) or a Forward Collision Warning (FCW). In some examples, vehicle-based message 515 may take the form of a standard Basic Safety Message (BSM), a Collaborative Awareness Message (CAM), a Collective Perception Message (CPM), a Sensor Data Sharing Message (SDSM) (e.g., SAE J3224 SDSM), and / or other formats.

[0116] Figure 6 This is an example of a message based on transportation (e.g., Figure 5 Figure 600 illustrates an example of a vehicle-based message 515. The vehicle-based message 515 is shown as a sensor-shared message (e.g., SDSM), but may include BSM, CAM, CPM, or other vehicle-based messages as noted herein. Figure 6In the diagram, vehicle-based message 515 is shown as including host data 620 and detected object data 610a, 610b. The host data 620 of vehicle-based message 515 may include information related to the transmitting device of vehicle-based message 515 (e.g., a network entity equipped with a transmitting RSU 505 or an on-board unit (OBU) such as on vehicles 510a, 510b, 510c, 510d). The detected object data 610a, 610b of vehicle-based message 515 may include information related to the detected vehicle or object (e.g., static or dynamic characteristics related to the detected vehicle or object, and / or other information related to the detected vehicle or object). Specifically, the detected object data 610a, 610b may include detected object CommonData, detected object VehicleData, detected object VRUData, detected obstacle ObstacleData, and detected object MisbehavingVehicleData.

[0117] These vehicle-based messages are beneficial because they can be sent to network devices equipped with them (e.g., Figure 5 The vehicles (510a, 510b, 510c, 510d) provide perception and understanding of impending potential road hazards (e.g., unforeseen oncoming vehicles, accidents, and road conditions).

[0118] As previously mentioned, sidelink ranging and / or positioning (e.g., via the LTE sidelink PC5 interface) can be used to determine the relative distance and absolute position between sidelink-capable UEs (e.g., in the form of vehicles) or devices. Sidelink ranging and / or positioning can be valuable in situations where satellite positioning systems (e.g., GNSS) are degraded or unavailable (e.g., in environments involving tunnels, urban canyons, etc.). When satellite positioning systems (e.g., GNSS) are available, sidelink ranging and / or positioning can also enhance range and position accuracy.

[0119] As currently defined in 3GPP Release 18 (e.g., the first release in 3GPP to support sidelink positioning), SLPP can be used to establish (e.g., initiate) sidelink positioning to identify participating UEs (e.g., vehicles) and perform a positioning session establishment handshake. In one or more examples, the positioning session may allow a vehicle to coordinate its planned vehicle maneuvers for safer and more efficient driving. In one or more examples, vehicle maneuvers may include, but are not limited to, cross-road maneuvers where a vehicle crosses a road intersection where other vehicles are present (e.g., such as...). Figure 7(As shown), lane-changing maneuvers where a vehicle changes lanes on a road where other vehicles are present (e.g., as shown). Figure 8 (As shown), the vehicles in a convoy coordinate their movement so that they are grouped together on the road (e.g., as shown) convoy maneuvering. Figure 9 (as shown), overtaking maneuvers where a vehicle passes another vehicle in the same lane on a road, and / or lane merging maneuvers where a vehicle merges into a road where other vehicles are present.

[0120] In one or more of these cases, a UE (e.g., a vehicle) initiating a sidelink positioning session (e.g., vehicle manipulation) can do so to support applications requiring a specific level of positioning accuracy for successful application execution. Example applications may include inter-vehicle manipulation negotiation, such as lane-changing manipulation (e.g., as...). Figure 8 (as shown) or maneuvering across intersections (e.g., as shown) Figure 7 (As shown). UEs that cannot meet the required accuracy threshold for the application should refuse to participate in manipulation, and an indication of the inability to meet the required accuracy can be provided. Currently, SLPP does not enable the sidelink positioning session initiator (e.g., UE, such as in the form of a vehicle) to indicate the minimum accuracy that participating UEs must support.

[0121] In some cases, a UE (e.g., a vehicle) choosing to participate in a sidelink positioning session may wish to provide its range and / or location only at a certain level of accuracy. Such restrictions can be policy-based (e.g., imposed on specific categories of UEs, such as government vehicles), dictated by the specific application the UE is performing, or associated with the UE's geographic operating area. Currently, 3GPP SLPP signaling does not provide a mechanism that allows an invited UE to indicate the accuracy at which it is willing (or able) to participate in or refuse a session based on a UE accuracy threshold. Therefore, an SLPP signaling mechanism that enables a UE (e.g., a vehicle) to indicate the required location accuracy for participation in a sidelink positioning session, as well as the location accuracy the UE is willing and / or permitted to share, would allow for more efficient and effective sidelink positioning.

[0122] In one or more aspects, the system and technology provide sidelink positioning with UE session participation criteria and thresholds. In one or more examples, the system and technology provide a signaling mechanism for the UE (e.g., a vehicle) initiating a sidelink positioning session to specify the range and / or location accuracy that the invited UE must meet in order to accept participation in the positioning session. The system and technology provide a signaling mechanism for the UE to indicate the range and / or location accuracy that the UE is willing to participate in the positioning session. In some examples, the system and technology provide a signaling mechanism for the UE to indicate a refusal to participate in the positioning session based on the UE's inability to meet the required location accuracy.

[0123] Figure 7 , Figure 8 and Figure 9 An example positioning session involving different types of vehicle manipulation is shown (e.g., a sidelink positioning session). These different vehicle manipulations may require different levels of accuracy. Specifically, Figure 7 This is an illustration of an example of a positioning session involving the maneuvering of a vehicle crossing an intersection. Figure 7 In this diagram, system 700 is shown as including multiple equipped devices 740a, 740b (e.g., network devices, such as UEs, which may be in the form of vehicles), which are equipped with V2X capabilities, such as sidelink communication capabilities. The multiple equipped devices 740a, 740b are shown in the form of vehicles. System 700 may include, for example... Figure 7 The system 700 is shown with more or fewer equipped devices. The system 700 is also shown to include unequipped (e.g., devices without V2X capability) devices, such as unequipped vulnerable road users (VRUs) 760a, 760b (e.g., in the form of cyclists) and pedestrians 750. The system 700 may include more than... Figure 7 The illustration shows more or fewer different types of equipped devices (e.g., it may include equipped UEs and / or equipped traffic lights 720a, 720b). In one or more examples, equipped devices 740a, 740b may be equipped with heterogeneous capabilities, which may include, but are not limited to, C-V2X / DSRC capabilities, 4G / 5G cellular connectivity, GPS capabilities, camera capabilities, radar capabilities, and / or LIDAR capabilities.

[0124] Multiple equipped devices 740a, 740b (e.g., vehicles) are capable of performing V2X communication, such as sidelink communication. At least some of the equipped devices 740a, 740b are capable of transmitting and receiving sensing signals for radar (e.g., RF sensing signals) and / or LIDAR (e.g., optical sensing signals) to detect nearby vehicles and / or objects. In one or more examples, the devices 740a, 740b (e.g., vehicles) may be capable of transmitting and receiving some type of sensing signal (e.g., camera, radar, and / or LIDAR sensing signals).

[0125] Figure 7 An example of vehicle manipulation involving crossing an intersection is depicted, wherein devices 740a, 740b (e.g., vehicles) wish to cross an intersection 710 of two roads 730a, 730b. Specifically, in Figure 7In this diagram, devices 740a and 740b (e.g., vehicles) are shown crossing intersection 710 to turn left. For example, device 740a (e.g., a vehicle) is shown crossing intersection 710 to turn left from road 730a to road 730b, and device 740b (e.g., a vehicle) is also shown crossing intersection 710 to turn left from road 730a to road 730b. Crossing intersection maneuvers may require devices 740a and 740b performing the maneuvers to have a high level of positional accuracy in latitude and longitude, but not in elevation (e.g., altitude). Crossing intersection maneuvers may require devices 740a and 740b performing the maneuvers to have a high level of range accuracy from nearby and / or other devices (e.g., vehicles), VRUs 760a and 760b, pedestrians 750, and road features (e.g., curbs and / or parking lights 720a and 720b) ​​that may be affected by crossing the intersection. To perform cross-intersection maneuvers, devices 740a and 740b can use SLPP with sidelink communication with each other to establish a positioning session (e.g., vehicle maneuvering).

[0126] Figure 8 This is a diagram illustrating an example of a positioning session that takes the form of vehicle manipulation involving lane changing. Figure 8 In this diagram, system 800 is shown as including multiple equipped devices 820a, 820b, 820c (e.g., network devices, such as UEs, which may be in the form of vehicles), which are V2X-enabled or have sidelink communication capabilities. The multiple equipped devices 820a, 820b, 820c are shown in the form of vehicles (e.g., vehicle A, vehicle B, and vehicle C). System 800 may include, for example... Figure 8 The system 800 may include more or fewer devices as shown. Figure 8 The examples show more or fewer different types of equipped devices (e.g., which may include equipped UEs). In one or more examples, equipped devices 820a, 820b, 820c may be equipped with heterogeneous capabilities, which may include, but are not limited to, C-V2X / DSRC capabilities, 4G / 5G cellular connectivity, GPS capabilities, camera capabilities, radar capabilities, and / or LIDAR capabilities.

[0127] Multiple equipped devices 820a, 820b, 820c (e.g., vehicles) are capable of performing V2X communication, such as sidelink communication. At least some of the equipped devices 820a, 820b, 820c are capable of transmitting and receiving sensing signals for radar (e.g., RF sensing signals) and / or LIDAR (e.g., optical sensing signals) to detect nearby vehicles and / or objects. In one or more examples, devices 820a, 820b, 820c (e.g., vehicles) may be capable of transmitting and receiving some type of sensing signal (e.g., camera, radar, and / or LIDAR sensing signals).

[0128] Figure 8 An example of vehicle manipulation involving lane changing is shown, wherein device 820a (e.g., vehicle A) wants to change from one lane in road 810 to another lane in road 810, such that device 820a (e.g., vehicle A) will be positioned between device 820b (e.g., vehicle B) and device 820c (e.g., vehicle C). Figure 8 The distance to the rear vehicle 830 is shown, which is the distance from device 820a (e.g., vehicle A) to device 820b (e.g., vehicle B). Figure 8 The distance to the vehicle 840 in front is also shown, which is the distance from device 820a (e.g., vehicle A) to device 820c (e.g., vehicle C).

[0129] Lane change maneuvering may require the device 820a performing the maneuver to have a high level of positional accuracy in latitude, but not in longitude and altitude (e.g., elevation). Lane change maneuvering may also require the device 820a performing the maneuver to have a high level of range accuracy (e.g., relative positional accuracy) relative to other participating devices 820b, 820c (e.g., vehicle B and vehicle C) during the maneuver. To perform lane change maneuvering, devices 820a, 820b, and 820c may use SLPP with sidelink communication with each other to establish a positioning session (e.g., vehicle maneuvering).

[0130] Figure 9 This is an example diagram illustrating a positioning session in the form of vehicle operation involving a fleet of 930 vehicles. Figure 9 In this diagram, system 900 is shown as including multiple equipped devices 920a, 920b (e.g., network devices, such as UEs, which may be in the form of vehicles), which are equipped with V2X capabilities, such as sidelink communication capabilities. The multiple equipped devices 920a, 920b are shown in the form of vehicles. System 900 may include more than Figure 9 The equipment shown may be more or less, and may include more than Figure 9 The illustration shows more or fewer different types of equipped devices (e.g., which may include equipped UEs). In one or more examples, equipped devices 920a, 920b may be equipped with heterogeneous capabilities, which may include, but are not limited to, C-V2X / DSRC capabilities, 4G / 5G cellular connectivity, GPS capabilities, camera capabilities, radar capabilities, and / or LIDAR capabilities.

[0131] Multiple equipped devices 920a, 920b (e.g., vehicles) are capable of performing V2X communication, such as sidelink communication. At least some of the equipped devices 920a, 920b are capable of transmitting and receiving sensing signals for radar (e.g., RF sensing signals) and / or LIDAR (e.g., optical sensing signals) to detect nearby vehicles and / or objects. In one or more examples, the equipped devices 920a, 920b (e.g., vehicles) may be capable of transmitting and receiving some type of sensing signal (e.g., camera, radar, and / or LIDAR sensing signals).

[0132] Figure 9 An example of vehicle manipulation involving a convoy 930 is illustrated, where devices 920b (e.g., vehicles) within the convoy 930 wish to coordinate their movements so that they are grouped together within the convoy 930 on road 910. To perform convoy manipulation, devices 920b may establish a positioning session (e.g., vehicle manipulation) using a sidelink communication SLPP with each other (and other nearby devices 920a). In one or more examples, devices 920b in the convoy 930 may be restricted to providing their range and / or location only at a certain level of accuracy. Devices 920b in the convoy 930 may use an SLPP with sidelink communication to indicate the location accuracy requirements that devices 920b are willing and / or permitted to share.

[0133] As previously mentioned, in order to perform a location session (e.g., a sidelink location session, such as vehicle maneuvering), an equipment device (e.g., a network device, such as a UE, which may be in the form of a vehicle) that wants to initiate a location session can use SLPP with sidelink communication with other nearby equipment devices to establish the location session (e.g., vehicle maneuvering). In one or more examples, during the operation of establishing a location session for vehicle maneuvering (e.g., crossing an intersection maneuvering, lane changing maneuvering, or convoy maneuvering), a first device (e.g., a network device, such as a UE, which may be in the form of a vehicle) can determine the location accuracy requirements and / or range accuracy requirements for other devices (e.g., other network devices, such as UEs, which may be in the form of vehicles) that want to participate in the location session with the first device.

[0134] In one or more examples, the location accuracy requirement can specify positioning accuracy in latitude, longitude, and / or altitude (e.g., expressed in units of measurement such as degrees, meters, feet, yards, inches, etc.). In some examples, the range accuracy requirement can specify ranging accuracy in lateral, longitudinal, and / or vertical distances (expressed in meters).

[0135] The first device can then send (e.g., via sidelink signaling using SLPP) accuracy requirement information to one or more second devices (e.g., one or more network devices, such as UEs, which may be in the form of vehicles). This accuracy requirement information includes location accuracy requirements and / or range accuracy requirements determined for the positioning session involving the first device. In one or more examples, information elements (e.g., parent information elements and base information elements, such as...) Figure 10 , Figure 11 and Figure 12 (As shown) can be used to specify the position accuracy requirements and / or range accuracy requirements in the SLPP used for the positioning session.

[0136] After one or more second devices (e.g., one or more network devices, such as a UE, which may be in the form of a vehicle) receive the accuracy requirement information, one of the one or more second devices may send a response signal to the first device (e.g., via sidelink signaling using SLPP). This response signal includes the positioning accuracy and / or ranging accuracy that the second device can (or is willing) support for its positioning session with the first device. In one or more examples, information elements (e.g., parent information elements and basic information elements, such as...) Figure 13 (As shown) can be used to specify the positioning accuracy and / or ranging accuracy of the second device in the SLPP used for the positioning session.

[0137] As previously mentioned, the system and technology provide the standard and information elements of the UE SLPP specification for the range and / or location accuracy of UE sidelink positioning session participation (e.g., parent information elements and basic information elements, such as...). Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 (As shown). Figure 10 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 Examples of information elements (e.g., side-link signaling) used for signaling regarding location accuracy requirements, range accuracy requirements, UE location accuracy, and UE range accuracy are shown. Specifically, Figure 10Figure 1000 illustrates an example of an information element used for signaling a position accuracy requirement expressed in degrees. Although Figure 1000 illustrates degrees as a unit of measurement used to signal a position accuracy requirement, other units of measurement, such as meters, feet, yards, inches, etc., may also be used. Figure 10 Figure 1000 is shown as including two tables 1010 and 1020. Table 1010 includes information elements that a device (e.g., a network device, such as a UE, which may be in the form of a vehicle) can use in sidelink signaling for initiating a sidelink positioning session to specify the location accuracy requirements that another device (e.g., another network device, such as a UE, which may be in the form of a vehicle) must meet in order to participate in the positioning session.

[0138] exist Figure 10 In Table 1010, the information elements include a parent information element 1030 (e.g., sl-SLPPSessionPositionAccuracy). Table 1010 also includes basic information elements 1040a, 1040b, and 1040c to specify the latitude, longitude, and altitude requirements for location accuracy (e.g., SL-SLPPSessionPositionAccuracyLat, SL-SLPPSessionPositionAccuracyLon, SL-SLPPSessionPositionAccuracyAlt). Table 1010 also includes enumerated information elements 1050a, 1050b, and 1050c to specify the accuracy quantities in latitude, longitude, and altitude. Specifically, the enumerated information elements 1050a, 1050b, and 1050c specify the accuracy quantities expressed in degrees (e.g., where deg0dot1 equals 0.01 degrees, and deg1 equals one degree). Figure 10 Table 1020 includes textual descriptions of the basic information elements 1040a, 1040b, and 1040c of Table 1010. In one or more examples, more or fewer information elements than those shown in Table 1010 may be used for sidelink signaling.

[0139] Figure 11 Figure 1100 is an example of an information element used for signaling regarding positional accuracy requirements expressed in meters. Figure 11 Figure 1100 is similar to Figure 10 Figure 1000, except Figure 11 Figure 1100 is in meters, not degrees.

[0140] Figure 11 Figure 1100 is shown as including two tables, 1110 and 1120. Figure 11Table 1110 includes information elements that a device (e.g., a network device, such as a UE, which may take the form of a vehicle) can use in sidelink signaling for initiating a sidelink positioning session to specify the location accuracy requirements that another device (e.g., another network device, such as a UE, which may take the form of a vehicle) must meet in order to participate in the positioning session.

[0141] In Table 1110, the information elements include a parent information element 1130 (e.g., sl-SLPPSessionPositionAccuracy). Table 1110 also includes basic information elements 1140a, 1140b, and 1140c to specify the latitude, longitude, and altitude requirements for location accuracy (e.g., SL-SLPPSessionPositionAccuracyLat, SL-SLPPSessionPositionAccuracyLon, SL-SLPPSessionPositionAccuracyAlt). Table 1110 also includes enumerated information elements 1150a, 1150b, and 1150c to specify the accuracy quantities in latitude, longitude, and altitude. The enumerated information elements 1150a, 1150b, and 1150c specify the accuracy quantities expressed in meters (e.g., where m0dot1 equals 0.01 meters and m1 equals one meter). Table 1120 includes textual descriptions of the basic information elements 1140a, 1140b, and 1140c from Table 1110. In one or more examples, more or fewer information elements than those shown in Table 1110 may be used for sidelink signaling.

[0142] Figure 12 Figure 1200 is an example of an information element used for signaling with respect to range accuracy requirements expressed in meters. Figure 12 Figure 1200 is shown as including two tables 1210 and 1220. Table 1210 includes information elements that a device (e.g., a network device, such as a UE, which may be in the form of a vehicle) can use in sidelink signaling for initiating a sidelink location session to specify the range accuracy requirements that another device (e.g., another network device, such as a UE, which may be in the form of a vehicle) must meet in order to participate in the location session.

[0143] In Table 1210, the information elements include a parent information element 1230 (e.g., SL-SLPPSessionRangeAccuracy). Table 1210 also includes basic information elements 1240a, 1240b, and 1240c to specify the required lateral, longitudinal, and vertical distances for the range (e.g., SL-SLPPSessionRangeAccuracyLateral, SL-SLPPSessionRangeAccuracyLon, SL-SLPPSessionRangeAccuracyVertical). Table 1210 also includes enumerated information elements 1250a, 1250b, and 1250c to specify the precision in the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical distances. The enumerated information elements 1250a, 1250b, and 1250c can specify a precision quantity expressed in meters (e.g., where 1 equals 0.1 meters). Figure 12 Table 1220 includes textual descriptions of basic information elements 1240a, 1240b, and 1240c. In one or more examples, more or fewer information elements than those shown in Table 1210 may be used for sidelink signaling.

[0144] Figure 13 Figure 1300 is an example of information elements used for signaling regarding UE location accuracy and UE range accuracy. Figure 13 Figure 1300 is shown as including two tables 1310 and 1320. Table 1310 includes information elements that a device (e.g., a network device, such as a UE, which may be in the form of a vehicle) may use in response to a request to participate in a sidelink positioning session to specify the positioning accuracy and / or ranging accuracy that the device is willing and / or able to participate in the positioning session.

[0145] exist Figure 13 In Table 1310, the information elements include a parent information element 1330 (e.g., SL-SLPPSessionAcceptPositionAccuracy). Table 1310 also includes basic information elements 1340a and 1340b to specify the location accuracy or range accuracy requirements accepted by the positioning session device (e.g., SL-SLPPSessionPositionAccuracy, SL-SLPPSessionRangeAccuracy). Table 1320 includes textual descriptions of the basic information elements 1340a and 1340b from Table 1010. In one or more examples, more or fewer information elements than those shown in Table 1310 may be used for sidelink signaling.

[0146] Figure 14This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a sidelink location process 1400 with UE session participation criteria and thresholds. Process 1400 may be performed by a device or by components, systems, or apparatus of the device (e.g., the device's chipset or one or more processors of the device or other components or systems of the device). The device may be a UE (e.g., Figure 1 User equipment 104 Figure 2 UE 221, etc.), and means of transport (e.g., Figure 4 Transportation vehicle 404 Figure 5 Transportation vehicles 510b, etc.), base stations (e.g., Figure 1 Base station 102 Figure 2 The decomposed base station 201, etc.), server, or other devices. The operation of process 1400 can be implemented in one or more processors of the device (e.g., Figure 16 Software components that execute and run on the processor 1610 or other processor. Furthermore, the transmission and reception of signals by the device in process 1400 may be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas and / or one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceivers).

[0147] At box 1410, the device (or a component thereof) may determine location accuracy requirements and / or range accuracy requirements for other network devices to participate in a location session with the first network device (e.g., a sidelink location session, vehicle control, etc.). In some cases, location accuracy requirements specify positioning accuracy in latitude, longitude, and / or altitude. In some examples, location accuracy requirements are expressed in units of measurement (such as degrees, e.g., ...). Figure 10 As shown), meters (for example, such as Figure 11 The range accuracy specifies the positioning accuracy in latitude, longitude, and / or altitude (as shown in the figure), feet, yards, inches, etc. In some cases, the range accuracy requires specifying the ranging accuracy in lateral, longitudinal, and / or vertical distances. In other cases, the range accuracy requires specifying the ranging accuracy in lateral, longitudinal, and / or vertical distances expressed in units of measurement (e.g., degrees, meters, feet, yards, inches, etc.).

[0148] At box 1420, the device (or a component thereof) may send (or output for transmission) accuracy requirement information, including location accuracy requirements and / or range accuracy requirements, to one or more second network devices. In some cases, the device (or a component thereof) may send (or output for transmission) the accuracy requirement information via sidelink signaling. In some examples, the first network device is a first UE (e.g., a first vehicle), and each of the one or more second network devices is a corresponding UE (e.g., a different vehicle). For example, in some cases, the first network device is a first vehicle, and each of the one or more second network devices is a corresponding vehicle.

[0149] In some respects, the device (or its components) may receive a response signal from one or more of the second network devices, the response signal including positioning accuracy and / or ranging accuracy that the second network device may support for a positioning session with the first network device.

[0150] Figure 15 This is a flowchart illustrating an example of a sidelink location procedure 1500 with UE session participation criteria and thresholds. Procedure 1500 may be performed by a device or by components, systems, or apparatuses of the device (e.g., the device's chipset or one or more processors of the device or other components or systems of the device). The device may be a UE (e.g., Figure 1 User equipment 104 Figure 2 UE 221, etc.), and means of transport (e.g., Figure 4 Transportation vehicle 404 Figure 5 Transportation vehicles 510b, etc.), base stations (e.g., Figure 1 Base station 102 Figure 2 The decomposed base station 201, etc.), server, or other devices. The operation of process 1500 can be implemented in one or more processors of the device (e.g., Figure 16 Software components that execute and run on the processor 1610 or other processor. Furthermore, the transmission and reception of signals by the device in process 1500 may be enabled, for example, by one or more antennas and / or one or more transceivers (e.g., wireless transceivers).

[0151] At box 1510, the device (or a component thereof) may receive accuracy requirement information from the second network device, which includes location accuracy requirements and / or range accuracy requirements for the first network device to participate in a positioning session with the second network device. In some cases, the device (or a component thereof) may receive the accuracy requirement information via sidelink signaling. In some examples, the first network device is a first UE (e.g., a first vehicle), and the second network device is a second UE (e.g., a second vehicle).

[0152] As previously noted, in some cases, location accuracy requirements specify positioning precision in latitude, longitude, and / or altitude. In some examples, location accuracy requirements are specified in units of measurement (such as degrees, e.g., ...). Figure 10 As shown), meters (for example, such as Figure 11 The range accuracy specifies the positioning accuracy in latitude, longitude, and / or altitude (as shown in the figure), feet, yards, inches, etc. In some cases, the range accuracy requires specifying the ranging accuracy in lateral, longitudinal, and / or vertical distances. In other cases, the range accuracy requires specifying the ranging accuracy in lateral, longitudinal, and / or vertical distances expressed in units of measurement (e.g., degrees, meters, feet, yards, inches, etc.).

[0153] At box 1520, the device (or a component thereof) may send (or output for transmission) a response signal to the second network device, the response signal including the positioning accuracy and / or ranging accuracy that the first network device can support for the positioning session with the second network device. In some cases, the device (or a component thereof) may send the response signal (or output for transmission) via sidelink signaling.

[0154] Figure 16 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of a computing system 1600 that can be used by the disclosed system for sidelink localization with UE session participation criteria and thresholds. Specifically, Figure 16 An example of a computing system 1600 is illustrated. This computing system can be any computing device, such as an internal computing system, a remote computing system, a camera, or any component thereof, wherein the components of the system communicate with each other using connection 1605. Connection 1605 can be a physical connection using a bus, or a direct connection to processor 1610, such as in a chipset architecture. Connection 1605 can also be a virtual connection, a networking connection, or a logical connection.

[0155] In some aspects, computing system 1600 is a distributed system in which the functions described herein can be distributed across a data center, multiple data centers, a peer-to-peer network, etc. In some aspects, one or more of the described system components represent a plurality of such components, each of which performs some or all of the functions described for that component. In some aspects, the components can be physical or virtual devices.

[0156] Example computing system 1600 includes at least one processing unit (CPU or processor) 1510 and a connection 1605 that communicatively couples various system components, including system memories 1615 such as read-only memory (ROM) 1520 and random access memory (RAM) 1525, to processor 1610. Computing system 1600 may include a cache 1612 of high-speed memory that is directly connected to, closely proximate to, or integrated into processor 1610.

[0157] Processor 1610 may include any general-purpose processor and hardware or software services (such as services 1632, 1634, and 1636 stored in storage device 1630 and configured to control processor 1610), as well as dedicated processors in which software instructions are incorporated into the actual processor design. Processor 1610 may be a substantially completely independent computing system containing multiple cores or processors, buses, memory controllers, caches, etc. Multi-core processors may be symmetric or asymmetric.

[0158] To enable user interaction, the computing system 1600 includes an input device 1645 that can represent any number of input mechanisms, such as a microphone for voice, a touch-sensitive screen for gesture or graphic input, a keyboard, a mouse, motion input, voice input, etc. The computing system 1600 may also include an output device 1635 that can be one or more of multiple output mechanisms. In some instances, a multi-mode system allows the user to provide multiple types of input / output to communicate with the computing system 1600.

[0159] The computing system 1600 may include a communication interface 1640, which typically controls and manages user input and system output. The communication interface may perform or facilitate the receiving and / or transmitting of wired or wireless communications using wired and / or wireless transceivers, including utilizing audio jacks / plugs, microphone jacks / plugs, Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports / plugs, Apple... ™ Lightning ™ Ports / plugs, Ethernet ports / plugs, fiber optic ports / plugs, dedicated wired ports / plugs, 3G, 4G, 5G and / or other cellular data network wireless signal transmission, Bluetooth ™ Wireless signal transmission, Bluetooth ™ Low-power (BLE) wireless signal transmission, IBEACON ™Wireless signal transmission, radio frequency identification (RFID) wireless signal transmission, near field communication (NFC) wireless signal transmission, dedicated short range communication (DSRC) wireless signal transmission, 802.11 Wi-Fi wireless signal transmission, wireless local area network (WLAN) signal transmission, visible light communication (VLC), microwave access global interoperability (WiMAX), infrared (IR) wireless signal transmission, public switched telephone network (PSTN) signal transmission, integrated services digital network (ISDN) signal transmission, self-organizing network signal transmission, radio wave signal transmission, microwave signal transmission, infrared signal transmission, visible light signal transmission, ultraviolet light signal transmission, wireless signal transmission along the electromagnetic spectrum, or those communications in some combination thereof.

[0160] The communication interface 1640 may also include one or more ranging sensors (e.g., LIDAR sensors, laser rangefinders, RF radars, ultrasonic sensors, and infrared (IR) sensors) configured to collect data and provide measurements to the processor 1610, thereby configuring the processor 1610 to perform determinations and calculations required to obtain various measurements from the one or more ranging sensors. In some examples, measurements may include time of flight, wavelength, azimuth, elevation, distance, linear velocity, and / or angular velocity, or any combination thereof. The communication interface 1640 may also include one or more Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers or transceivers used to determine the position of the computing system 1600 based on one or more signals received from one or more satellites associated with one or more GNSS systems. GNSS systems include, but are not limited to, the U.S. GPS, the Russian GLONASS, the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and the European Galileo GNSS. There are no limitations on operation on any particular hardware arrangement, and therefore the basic features here can be easily replaced to obtain improved hardware or firmware arrangements as they are developed.

[0161] Storage device 1630 may be a non-volatile and / or non-transitory and / or computer-readable storage device, and may be a hard disk or other type of computer-readable medium capable of storing data accessible by a computer, such as magnetic tape, flash memory cards, solid-state storage devices, digital versatile discs, cartridges, floppy disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, magnetic stripes, any other magnetic storage media, flash memory, memristor memory, any other solid-state storage, CD-ROM, rewritable CD, digital video disc (DVD), Blu-ray disc (BDD), holographic disc, another optical medium, secure digital card (SD card), micro secure digital card (microSD card), Memory Stick.® Cards, smart card chips, EMV chips, Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) cards, mini / micro / nano / micro SIM cards, another integrated circuit (IC) chip / card, random access memory (RAM), static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash EPROM, cache memory (e.g., layer 1 (L1) cache, layer 2 (L2) cache, layer 3 (L3) cache, layer 4 (L4) cache, layer 5 (L5) cache, or other (L#) cache), resistive random access memory (RRAM / ReRAM), phase change memory (PCM), spin-transfer torque RAM (STT-RAM), another memory chip or cassette and / or combinations thereof.

[0162] Storage device 1630 may include software services, servers, services, etc., which enable the system to perform functions when the code defining such software is executed by processor 1610. In some aspects, hardware services that perform specific functions may include software components for implementing functions stored in a computer-readable medium connected to necessary hardware components such as processor 1610, connection 1605, output device 1635, etc. The term "computer-readable medium" includes, but is not limited to, portable or non-portable storage devices, optical storage devices, and various other media capable of storing, containing, or carrying instructions and / or data. Computer-readable media may include non-transitory media in which data can be stored and which does not include carrier waves and / or transient electronic signals propagating wirelessly or over a wired connection. Examples of non-transitory media may include, but are not limited to, magnetic disks or magnetic tapes, optical storage media such as compact discs (CDs) or digital versatile discs (DVDs), flash memory, memory, or memory devices. Computer-readable media may store code and / or machine-executable instructions thereon, which may represent procedures, functions, subroutines, programs, routines, subroutines, modules, software packages, classes, or any combination of instructions, data structures, or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or hardware circuitry by passing and / or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc., may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means, including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.

[0163] Specific details have been provided in the foregoing description to offer a thorough understanding of the aspects and examples presented herein, but those skilled in the art will recognize that this application is not limited thereto. Therefore, although illustrative aspects of this application have been described in detail herein, it is to be understood that the inventive concepts may be embodied and employed in various other ways, and the appended claims are not intended to be construed as including these variations unless limited by prior art. The various features and aspects of the applications described above may be used individually or in combination. Furthermore, without departing from the broader scope of this specification, aspects may be used in any number of environments and applications beyond those described herein. Therefore, the specification and drawings should be considered illustrative rather than restrictive. For illustrative purposes, the methods are described in a particular order. It should be understood that, in alternative aspects, the methods may be performed in a different order than described.

[0164] For clarity, in some cases, this technology may be presented as comprising individual functional blocks, which include devices, device components, steps, or routines embodied in a method, either in software or a combination of hardware and software. Additional components may be used in addition to those shown in the figures and / or described herein. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, and other components may be shown as components in block diagram form to avoid obscuring these aspects in unnecessary detail. In other instances, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail to avoid obscuring aspects.

[0165] Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the various exemplary logic blocks, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the aspects disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of both. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above in general terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application; however, such specific implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.

[0166] Various aspects described above can be presented as processes or methods, depicted as flowcharts, diagrams, data flow graphs, structure diagrams, or block diagrams. Although a flowchart can describe operations as a sequential process, many operations within an operation can be executed in parallel or concurrently. Furthermore, the order of operations can be rearranged. A process terminates when its operations are completed, but a process may have additional steps not included in the accompanying diagrams. A process can correspond to a method, function, procedure, subroutine, subroutine, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, the termination of the process may correspond to the function returning to the calling function or the main function.

[0167] The processes and methods described in the examples above can be implemented using stored computer-executable instructions or computer-executable instructions otherwise obtainable from a computer-readable medium. Such instructions may include, for example, instructions and data that configure, or otherwise configure, a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or processing device to perform a function or group of functions. The portion may be accessible via a network of the computer resources used. The computer-executable instructions may be, for example, binary, intermediate format instructions such as assembly language, firmware, or source code. Examples of computer-readable media that can be used to store the instructions, the information used, and / or information created during the methods according to the described examples include disks or optical discs, flash memory, USB devices with non-volatile memory, networked storage devices, etc.

[0168] In some respects, computer-readable storage devices, media, and memories may include cables or wireless signals containing bit streams, etc. However, when referred to, non-transitory computer-readable storage media explicitly exclude media such as energy, carrier signals, electromagnetic waves, and the signals themselves.

[0169] Those skilled in the art will understand that information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and arts. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referred to throughout the above description may, in some cases, be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or magnetic particles, light fields or light particles, or any combination thereof, depending in part on the specific application, in part on the desired design, in part on the corresponding technology, etc.

[0170] The various exemplary logic blocks, modules, and circuits described in conjunction with the aspects disclosed herein may be implemented or performed using hardware, software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, or any combination thereof, and may take any form factor of various form factors. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, or microcode, program code or code segments (e.g., computer program products) for performing necessary tasks may be stored in a computer-readable or machine-readable medium. A processor may perform the necessary tasks. Examples of form factors include: laptop computers, smartphones, mobile phones, tablet devices, or other small form factor personal computers, personal digital assistants, rack-mount devices, self-contained devices, etc. The functionality described herein may also be embodied in peripheral devices or interlocking cards. By further example, such functionality may also be implemented on circuit boards of different chips or different processes executed on a single device.

[0171] Instructions, media for delivering such instructions, computing resources for executing them, and other structures for supporting such computing resources are example components for providing the functionality described in this disclosure.

[0172] The techniques described herein can also be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Such techniques can be implemented in any of a variety of devices, such as general-purpose computers, wireless communication devices (mobile phones), or integrated circuit devices with multiple uses, including applications in wireless communication devices (mobile phones) and other devices. Any feature described as a module or component can be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, the techniques can be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium comprising program code including instructions that, when executed, perform one or more of the methods, algorithms, and / or operations described above. The computer-readable data storage medium can form part of a computer program product, which may include packaging materials. The computer-readable medium may include memory or data storage media, such as random access memory (RAM) (such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM)), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, etc. Additionally or alternatively, the technology may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or conveys program code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed, read and / or executed by a computer, such as propagated signals or waves.

[0173] The program code can be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general-purpose microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuits. Such processors can be configured to perform any of the techniques described in this disclosure. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor; however, in alternatives, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Therefore, as used herein, the term "processor" may refer to any of the foregoing structures, any combination of the foregoing structures, or any other structure or means suitable for implementing the techniques described herein.

[0174] Those skilled in the art will understand that, without departing from the scope of this description, the less than (“<”) and greater than (“>”) symbols or terms used herein may be replaced with less than or equal to (“>”) respectively. ") and greater than or equal to (" The symbol ) is used instead.

[0175] When a component is described as being “configured” to perform certain operations, such configuration can be achieved, for example, by designing electronic circuits or other hardware to perform the operations, by programming programmable electronic circuits (e.g., microprocessors or other suitable electronic circuits) to perform the operations, or any combination thereof.

[0176] The phrase “coupled to” or “communicatively coupled to” means that any component is physically connected directly or indirectly to another component, and / or that any component is in communication with another component directly or indirectly (e.g., connected to that other component via a wired or wireless connection and / or other suitable communication interface).

[0177] Claim language or other languages ​​that state "at least one of" and / or "one or more of" in a set indicate that one member of the set or multiple members of the set (in any combination) satisfy the claim. For example, claim language stating "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" means A, B, or A and B. In another example, claim language stating "at least one of A, B, and C" or "at least one of A, B, or C" means A, B, C, or A and B, or A and C, or B and C, A and B and C, or any repetition is information or data (e.g., A and A, B and B, C and C, A and A and B, etc.), or any other ordering, repetition, or combination of A, B, and C. The language "at least one of" and / or "one or more of" in a set does not limit the set to the items listed in the set. For example, the language of a claim stating "at least one of A and B" or "at least one of A or B" may refer to A, B, or A and B, and may additionally include items not listed in the set of A and B. The phrases "at least one" and "one or more" are used interchangeably herein.

[0178] Claims using phrases such as "at least one processor, the at least one processor being configured to," "at least one processor being configured to," "one or more processors, the one or more processors being configured to," or "one or more processors being configured to," or other languages, indicate that one or more processors (in any combination) are capable of performing associated operations. For example, a claim using the phrase "at least one processor, the at least one processor being configured to: X, Y, and Z" means that a single processor can be used to perform operations X, Y, and Z; or that multiple processors are each assigned a specific subset of tasks to perform operations X, Y, and Z, such that the multiple processors together perform X, Y, and Z; or that a group of multiple processors work together to perform operations X, Y, and Z. In another example, a claim using the phrase "at least one processor, the at least one processor being configured to: X, Y, and Z" could mean that any single processor can perform only at least one subset of operations X, Y, and Z.

[0179] When referring to one or more elements that perform functions (e.g., steps of a method), one element may perform all functions, or more than one element may jointly perform these functions. When more than one element jointly performs these functions, each function does not need to be performed by every single element (e.g., different functions may be performed by different elements), and / or each function does not need to be performed by only one element as a whole (e.g., different elements may perform different sub-functions of a function). Similarly, when referring to one or more elements configured to cause another element (e.g., a device) to perform functions, one element may be configured to cause another element to perform all functions, or more than one element may be jointly configured to cause another element to perform these functions.

[0180] When referring to an entity that performs or is configured to perform functions (e.g., steps of a method) (e.g., any entity or device described herein), the entity may be configured to cause one or more elements (individually or collectively) to perform those functions. One or more components of the entity may include at least one memory, at least one processor, at least one communication interface, another component configured to perform one or more of those functions, and / or any combination thereof. When referring to an entity that performs functions, the entity may be configured to cause one component to perform all functions, or to cause more than one component to perform those functions collectively. When the entity is configured to cause more than one component to perform those functions collectively, each function does not need to be performed by every single component (e.g., different functions may be performed by different components), and / or each function does not need to be performed by only one component as a whole (e.g., different components may perform different sub-functions of a function).

[0181] The various exemplary logic blocks, modules, engines, circuits, and algorithm steps described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or combinations thereof. To clearly illustrate this interchangeability between hardware and software, various exemplary components, blocks, engines, modules, circuits, and steps have been broadly described above in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system. Those skilled in the art may implement the described functionality in different ways for each specific application, but such implementation decisions should not be construed as departing from the scope of this application.

[0182] The techniques described herein can also be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, firmware, or any combination thereof. Such techniques can be implemented in any of a variety of devices, such as general-purpose computers, wireless communication devices (mobile phones), or integrated circuit devices with multiple uses, including applications in wireless communication devices (mobile phones) and other devices. Any feature described as an engine, module, or component can be implemented together in an integrated logic device or separately as discrete but interoperable logic devices. If implemented in software, these techniques can be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable data storage medium comprising program code including instructions that, when executed, perform one or more of the methods described above. The computer-readable data storage medium can form part of a computer program product, which may include packaging materials. The computer-readable medium may include memory or data storage media, such as random access memory (RAM) (such as synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM)), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, magnetic or optical data storage media, etc. Additionally or alternatively, the technology may be implemented at least in part by a computer-readable communication medium that carries or conveys program code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed, read and / or executed by a computer, such as propagated signals or waves.

[0183] The program code can be executed by a processor, which may include one or more processors, such as one or more digital signal processors (DSPs), general-purpose microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable arrays (FPGAs), or other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuits. Such processors can be configured to perform any of the techniques described in this disclosure. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor; however, in alternatives, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such configuration. Therefore, as used herein, the term "processor" may refer to any of the foregoing structures, any combination of the foregoing structures, or any other structure or means suitable for implementing the techniques described herein. Furthermore, in some aspects, the functionality described herein may be provided within dedicated software or hardware modules configured for encoding and decoding, or incorporated into a combined video encoder-decoder (CODEC).

[0184] The exemplary aspects of this disclosure include:

[0185] Aspect 1. A first network device for wireless communication, the first network device comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: determine at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for another network device to participate in a location session with the first network device; and output accuracy requirement information including at least one of the location accuracy requirement or the range accuracy requirement for transmission to one or more second network devices.

[0186] Aspect 2. The first network device according to aspect 1, wherein the location accuracy requires positioning accuracy in at least one of latitude, longitude or altitude.

[0187] Aspect 3. The first network device according to aspect 2, wherein the location accuracy requirement specifies the positioning accuracy in at least one of the latitude, the longitude, or the altitude, expressed in units of measurement.

[0188] Aspect 4. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 1 to 3, wherein the range accuracy requirement specifies ranging accuracy on at least one of lateral distance, longitudinal distance, or vertical distance.

[0189] Aspect 5. The first network device according to aspect 4, wherein the range accuracy requirement specifies the ranging accuracy in at least one of the lateral distance, the longitudinal distance, or the vertical distance, expressed in units of measurement.

[0190] Aspect 6. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 1 to 5, wherein the at least one processor is configured to output the accuracy requirement information for transmission via sidelink signaling.

[0191] Aspect 7. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 1 to 6, wherein the positioning session is a sidelink positioning session.

[0192] Aspect 8. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 1 to 7, wherein the first network device is a first user equipment (UE), and wherein each of the one or more second network devices is a corresponding UE.

[0193] Aspect 9. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 1 to 8, wherein the first network device is a first means of transport, and wherein each of the one or more second network devices is a corresponding means of transport.

[0194] Aspect 10. The first network device according to aspect 9, wherein the positioning session is vehicle control.

[0195] Aspect 11. The first network device according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive a response signal from a second network device among the one or more second network devices, the response signal including at least one of positioning accuracy or ranging accuracy that the second network device is capable of supporting the positioning session with the first network device.

[0196] Aspect 12. A method for wireless communication by a first network device, the method comprising: determining, by the first network device, at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for other network devices to participate in a location session with the first network device; and sending, by the first network device, accuracy requirement information including at least one of the location accuracy requirement or the range accuracy requirement to one or more second network devices.

[0197] Aspect 13. The method according to aspect 12, wherein the location accuracy requires positioning accuracy in at least one of latitude, longitude or altitude.

[0198] Aspect 14. The method according to aspect 13, wherein the location accuracy requirement specifies the positioning accuracy in at least one of the latitude, the longitude, or the altitude, expressed in units of measurement.

[0199] Aspect 15. The method according to any one of Aspects 12 to 14, wherein the range accuracy requirement specifies the ranging accuracy on at least one of the lateral distance, longitudinal distance, or vertical distance.

[0200] Aspect 16. The method according to aspect 15, wherein the range accuracy requirement specifies the ranging accuracy in at least one of the lateral distance, the longitudinal distance, or the vertical distance, expressed in units of measurement.

[0201] Aspect 17. The method according to any one of Aspects 12 to 16, wherein the accuracy requirement information is transmitted via sidelink signaling.

[0202] Aspect 18. The method according to any one of Aspects 12 to 17, wherein the positioning session is a sidelink positioning session.

[0203] Aspect 19. The method according to any one of Aspects 12 to 18, wherein the first network device is a first user equipment (UE), and wherein each of the one or more second network devices is a corresponding UE.

[0204] Aspect 20. The method according to any one of Aspects 12 or 19, wherein the first network device is a first means of transport, and wherein each of the one or more second network devices is a corresponding means of transport.

[0205] Aspect 21. The method according to aspect 20, wherein the positioning session is vehicle control.

[0206] Aspect 22. The method according to any one of aspects 12 to 21, the method further comprising: receiving a response signal from a second network device among the one or more second network devices by the first network device, the response signal including at least one of positioning accuracy or ranging accuracy in which the second network device can support the positioning session with the first network device.

[0207] Aspect 23. A first network device for wireless communication, the first network device comprising: at least one memory; and at least one processor coupled to the at least one memory and configured to: receive accuracy requirement information from a second network device, the accuracy requirement information including at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for the first network device to participate in a positioning session with the second network device; and output a response signal for transmission to the second network device, the response signal including at least one of a positioning accuracy or a ranging accuracy that the first network device can support for the positioning session with the second network device.

[0208] Aspect 24. The first network device according to aspect 23, wherein the at least one processor is configured to receive the accuracy requirement information via sidelink signaling.

[0209] Aspect 25. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 23 or 24, wherein the at least one processor is configured to output the response signal for transmission via sidelink signaling.

[0210] Aspect 26. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 23 to 25, wherein the location accuracy requires positioning accuracy in at least one of latitude, longitude or altitude.

[0211] Aspect 27. The first network device of claim 26, wherein the location accuracy requirement specifies the positioning accuracy in at least one of the latitude, the longitude, or the altitude, expressed in units of measurement.

[0212] Aspect 28. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 23 to 27, wherein the range accuracy requirement specifies ranging accuracy on at least one of lateral distance, longitudinal distance, or vertical distance.

[0213] Aspect 29. A method for wireless communication by a first network device, the method comprising: receiving accuracy requirement information from a second network device by the first network device, the accuracy requirement information including at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for the first network device to participate in a positioning session with the second network device; and sending a response signal from the first network device to the second network device, the response signal including at least one of a positioning accuracy or a ranging accuracy that the first network device can support for the positioning session with the second network device.

[0214] Aspect 30. The method according to aspect 29, wherein the accuracy requirement information is received via side link signaling.

[0215] Aspect 31. The method according to any one of Aspects 29 to 30, wherein the response signal is transmitted via sidelink signaling.

[0216] Aspect 32. The first network device according to any one of Aspects 29 to 31, wherein the location accuracy requires positioning accuracy in at least one of latitude, longitude or altitude.

[0217] Aspect 33. The method according to aspect 32, wherein the location accuracy requirement specifies the positioning accuracy in at least one of the latitude, the longitude, or the altitude, expressed in units of measurement.

[0218] Aspect 34. The method according to any one of Aspects 29 to 33, wherein the range accuracy requirement specifies the ranging accuracy on at least one of the lateral distance, longitudinal distance, or vertical distance.

[0219] Aspect 35. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon, the instructions causing the at least one processor, when executed by at least one processor, to perform any one of aspects 12 to 22.

[0220] Aspect 36. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising one or more components for performing operations according to any one of aspects 12 to 22.

[0221] Aspect 37. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions stored thereon, the instructions causing the at least one processor, when executed by at least one processor, to perform any one of aspects 29 to 34.

[0222] Aspect 38. An apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising one or more components for performing operations according to any one of aspects 29 to 34.

[0223] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but are to be consistent with the full scope of the language claims, wherein an element referred to in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one," but rather "one or more" unless specifically stated otherwise.

Claims

1. A first network device for wireless communication, the first network device comprising: At least one memory; and At least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the at least one memory and being configured to: Determine at least one of the location accuracy requirements or range accuracy requirements for other network devices to participate in the location session with the first network device; and The output includes accuracy requirement information, including at least one of the location accuracy requirement or the range accuracy requirement, for transmission to one or more second network devices.

2. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein, The location accuracy requirement specifies the positioning accuracy in at least one of latitude, longitude, or altitude.

3. The first network device according to claim 2, wherein, The location accuracy requirement specifies the positioning accuracy in at least one of the latitude, longitude, or altitude, expressed in units of measurement.

4. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein, The range accuracy requirement specifies the ranging accuracy in at least one of the horizontal, vertical, or longitudinal distances.

5. The first network device according to claim 4, wherein, The range accuracy requirement specifies the ranging accuracy in at least one of the lateral distance, the longitudinal distance, or the vertical distance, expressed in units of measurement.

6. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one processor is configured to output the accuracy requirement information for transmission via sidelink signaling.

7. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein, The location session is a sidelink location session.

8. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein, The first network device is a first user equipment (UE), and each of the one or more second network devices is a corresponding UE.

9. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein, The first network device is a first means of transportation, and each of the one or more second network devices is a corresponding means of transportation.

10. The first network device according to claim 9, wherein, The location session is for vehicle control.

11. The first network device according to claim 1, wherein, The at least one processor is configured to receive a response signal from one of the one or more second network devices, the response signal including at least one of positioning accuracy or ranging accuracy that the second network device is capable of supporting the positioning session with the first network device.

12. A method for wireless communication by a first network device, the method comprising: The first network device determines at least one of the location accuracy requirements or range accuracy requirements for other network devices that need to participate in the location session with the first network device. as well as The first network device sends accuracy requirement information, including at least one of the location accuracy requirement or the range accuracy requirement, to one or more second network devices.

13. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The location accuracy requirement specifies the positioning accuracy in at least one of latitude, longitude, or altitude.

14. The method according to claim 13, wherein, The location accuracy requirement specifies the positioning accuracy in at least one of the latitude, longitude, or altitude, expressed in units of measurement.

15. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The range accuracy requirement specifies the ranging accuracy in at least one of the horizontal, vertical, or longitudinal distances.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein, The range accuracy requirement specifies the ranging accuracy in at least one of the lateral distance, the longitudinal distance, or the vertical distance, expressed in units of measurement.

17. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The accuracy requirement information is sent via sidelink signaling.

18. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The location session is a sidelink location session.

19. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The first network device is a first user equipment (UE), and each of the one or more second network devices is a corresponding UE.

20. The method according to claim 12, wherein, The first network device is a first means of transportation, and each of the one or more second network devices is a corresponding means of transportation.

21. The method according to claim 20, wherein, The location session is for vehicle control.

22. The method according to claim 12, further comprising: The first network device receives a response signal from one of the one or more second network devices, the response signal including at least one of positioning accuracy or ranging accuracy that the second network device is capable of supporting the positioning session with the first network device.

23. A first network device for wireless communication, the first network device comprising: At least one memory; and At least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the at least one memory and being configured to: Receive accuracy requirement information from the second network device, the accuracy requirement information including at least one of the location accuracy requirement or the range accuracy requirement for the first network device to participate in the positioning session with the second network device; as well as An output response signal is sent to the second network device, the response signal including at least one of the positioning accuracy or ranging accuracy that the first network device can support for the positioning session with the second network device.

24. The first network device according to claim 23, wherein, The at least one processor is configured to receive the accuracy requirement information via sidelink signaling.

25. The first network device according to claim 23, wherein, The at least one processor is configured to output the response signal for transmission via sidelink signaling.

26. The first network device according to claim 23, wherein, The location accuracy requirement specifies the positioning accuracy in at least one of latitude, longitude, or altitude.

27. The first network device according to claim 26, wherein, The location accuracy requirement specifies the positioning accuracy in at least one of the latitude, longitude, or altitude, expressed in units of measurement.

28. The first network device according to claim 23, wherein, The range accuracy requirement specifies the ranging accuracy in at least one of the horizontal, vertical, or longitudinal distances.

29. A method for wireless communication by a first network device, the method comprising: The first network device receives accuracy requirement information from the second network device, the accuracy requirement information including at least one of a location accuracy requirement or a range accuracy requirement for the first network device to participate in a positioning session with the second network device; and The first network device sends a response signal to the second network device, the response signal including at least one of the positioning accuracy or ranging accuracy that the first network device can support for the positioning session with the second network device.

30. The method according to claim 29, wherein, The location accuracy requirement specifies the positioning accuracy in at least one of latitude, longitude, or altitude, and wherein the location accuracy requirement specifies the positioning accuracy in at least one of the latitude, longitude, or altitude expressed in units of measurement.

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