Fiber skeleton sponge soil forming spray-seeding construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to a fiber skeleton sponge soil forming spray-seeding construction method. The method comprises the steps of S1, slope surface cleaning and water catchment planning; s2, pretreating a steep slope surface; s3, fixing the hanging net and the anchor rod; s4, spray-seeding a sponge soil matrix layer to form fiber skeleton sponge soil, and spray-seeding a seed sublayer; s5, curing and forming; s4, a layered spray-seeding construction process is adopted, specifically, a bottom layer main reinforcing layer is constructed, and stable connection of the crocheted wire mesh and the slope surface is achieved; construction of a middle-layer reinforced supporting layer: after the bottom-layer fiber skeleton is solidified, repairing and spray-seeding are performed on the potholes of the slope surface, so that fibers, the bottom-layer skeleton and the iron gauze are fully fused; construction of a secondary surface layer transition connection layer: selecting fibers with the length of 3-5cm, adding a porous matrix material, and performing spray seeding to form a secondary surface layer with the thickness of 3-5cm; and constructing a water-retaining and seedling-protecting surface layer: mixing and spraying fibers within 3cm, a porous matrix material and plant seeds to form a plant seed layer with the thickness of 1cm. The ecological restoration effect and durability of the side slope are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for soil improvement and ecological restoration, and more particularly to a method for spraying fiber-reinforced sponge soil. Background Technology

[0002] In ecological restoration and slope greening projects, traditional hydroseeding substrate soil improvement techniques often employ granular structures, topsoil hydroseeding, and thick-layer substrate hydroseeding. These methods are largely derived from and modified versions of foreign slope greening technologies, resulting in issues such as weak soil-slope bonding, limited water and fertilizer retention, poor structural stability, and incompatibility between substrate erosion resistance and water retention / absorption. These limitations make them unsuitable for the long-term ecological maintenance needs of complex slopes. Existing ecological sponge soil and related technologies primarily focus on optimizing material ratios, lacking systematic layered construction processes. In particular, deficiencies exist in the integration of fiber skeletons and mesh, the layered application of fibers of different lengths, equipment adaptation, and pretreatment of complex slopes. This leads to soil layer detachment, cracking, and water and soil erosion after construction. Plants often struggle to survive in hard, dry conditions, resulting in a "green for one year, yellow for two years, and dead for three years" phenomenon, impacting project quality and ecological restoration effectiveness, and failing to meet the restoration needs of difficult site conditions and harsh environments.

[0003] To achieve a strong bond between the soil and the slope, enhance the ecological restoration effect and durability, and ensure that the substrate on steep slopes can quickly absorb and retain water like a sponge, as well as prevent rainwater erosion and conserve moisture, it is necessary to conduct in-depth exploration and improvement of slope spraying technology and methods.

[0004] As a seasoned enterprise in slope protection and ecological restoration with projects throughout China, the applicant has accumulated extensive technical expertise through practice and maintenance. Having reviewed, compared, and absorbed various domestic and international technologies, and through thorough research, collaboration with universities, organizations, experienced companies, and experts, and multiple engineering implementations and improvements, the applicant has filed patent applications related to processes, equipment, and materials. Some of the processes, equipment, and materials involved in this application are existing mature technologies, while others are based on previous patent applications filed by the applicant. Based on this foundation, this application aims to solve and improve the problems of traditional hydroseeding methods, such as weak bonding between the soil matrix and the slope, limited water and fertilizer retention, poor erosion resistance, poor water absorption and retention, and poor structural stability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention addresses the shortcomings of existing technologies by proposing a fiber-reinforced sponge soil hydroseeding method to achieve a strong bond between hydroseeded soil / soil matrix and the slope surface, thereby improving the ecological restoration effect and durability of slopes, as well as the slope's resistance to erosion, water absorption, water retention, and water conservation capacity. The method utilizes a hydroseeding machine to spray fibers of different lengths and soil matrix materials in layers, combined with netting fixation, planting stick placement, and water collection treatment, to form a stable hydroseeded soil layer with a sponge-like porous structure. This method is particularly suitable for ecological restoration projects on complex and challenging slopes and site environments, such as steep slopes, rocky slopes, shotcrete slopes, hot and dry valleys, drawdown zones, and areas prone to erosion.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A method for spraying fiber-reinforced sponge soil includes the following steps: S1, Slope Clearing and Catchment Planning: The construction slope was cleaned and surveyed, loose soil and dangerous rocks were removed, and water accumulation points, cracks and unstable areas were marked; based on the slope topography, the water collection path was planned and the location of the water collection and vegetation holes was determined to prepare for subsequent drainage buffer. S2, Pretreatment of steep slopes: Water accumulation treatment: Use a rock wall climbing drill to dig a drainage ditch 8-10cm wide and 5-8cm deep at the marked water accumulation point to divert the water to the drainage system at the bottom of the slope and prevent the water from eroding the slope. Water collection and vegetation hole layout: At key nodes of the water collection path, water collection and vegetation holes are laid in an alternating manner (focusing on smooth and steep rock walls with a slope of >60° where water is difficult to retain), forming a temporary water storage and drainage buffer structure; Vegetation stick installation: On steep slopes with a gradient > 60°, vegetation sticks are laid every 1.5-2m. The vegetation sticks are 80-120cm long and are made of polyester fiber geotextile with a diameter of 8-10mm into long strips. They are filled with water-retaining sponge matrix on site. The finished length is 80-120cm. They are laid horizontally on the slope and tied to anchors or wire mesh.

[0007] S3, Netting and Anchor Bolt Fixing: Wire mesh laying: Lay wire mesh along the slope from top to bottom. The overlap width between adjacent mesh panels should not be less than 10cm. The overlap should be tied and fixed with wire every 20cm to ensure that the mesh surface is flat. Anchor bolt fixing: Use 12-14mm diameter metal anchor bolts to fix the wire mesh in a quincunx pattern. The spacing is 1.2-1.5m in normal areas and reduced to 0.8-1m in steep areas. All anchor bolts should be drilled into the slope to a depth of not less than 30cm. Vegetation sticks are laid horizontally inside the wire mesh and fixed with anchor bolts to keep the outermost layer of wire mesh at a distance of 5-6cm from the slope to prevent the mesh from loosening. S4, spray a sponge soil matrix layer to form a fibrous skeleton sponge soil, and then spray a seed layer; S5, curing and shaping: Moisture management: After spraying, water regularly to keep the surface moist and avoid waterlogging or dry cracking. Structural inspection: During the maintenance period, regularly check the stability of wire mesh, anchor bolts, planting sticks, and fiber skeleton, check whether the water collection and planting holes are properly covered, and repair any damaged or loose parts in a timely manner to ensure that the fiber skeleton is fully integrated with all materials to form an overall stable sponge-like soil structure. Solidification guarantee: Ensure that the fiber skeleton is fully bonded, solidified and integrated with the soil, porous matrix and molding agent, and finally form a stable sponge-like porous soil structure.

[0008] In step S4, a special hydroseeding machine for sponge soil molding is used for hydroseeding operations. The special hydroseeding machine for sponge soil molding includes a long fiber vortex pump, a sponge soil molding agent mixer, a main mixing tank, a sponge soil molding agent mixing and conveying tank (with a separate small hydraulic mixing tank), a special spray gun for pH adjuster (a specially made atomizing high-range nozzle), etc. The long fiber vortex pump mentioned here is the vortex pump disclosed in Chinese Patent CN215735741U, which is specifically used for spraying long fibers; the sponge soil forming agent mixer mentioned is the high-order granulation spray gun disclosed in Chinese Patent CN202524741U. A layered spraying process is employed, which includes: S4.1, the bottom main reinforcement layer, is used to achieve a stable connection between the chain link wire mesh and the slope, laying a solid foundation for subsequent construction. The specific steps are as follows: Preparation of mud mixture: Select long fibers with a length of 8-10cm, with a fiber dosage of 48-60kg / m³; add them together with porous matrix material into the main mixing tank, and stir them thoroughly by the stirring device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber mud mixture; the amount of porous matrix material is 50-80kg / m³. Sprayer Mixing Molding Agent: According to the weight ratio, foaming agent, crosslinking agent, toughening agent, and organic polymer materials are added to the sponge soil molding agent mixing and conveying tank. At the same time, 200-500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and an equal part by weight of water are added to the tank and stirred thoroughly to form a uniform mixture of sponge soil molding agent and water. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle and thoroughly mixed with the long fiber slurry mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil molding agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun (with a specially designed high-range atomizing nozzle) is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil molding agent onto the freshly sprayed matrix. At this time, the slope matrix undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge-like matrix. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 1-3‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Precision hydroseeding: Adjust the spraying range and spraying intensity of the hydroseeder so that the long fibers in the mixture are hooked onto the chain link wire mesh, embedded and bonded to the slope together with the mixture; control the thickness of each spraying to 3-5cm; spray 1-2 times. Forming an anchoring structure: The sponge soil molding agent and mud mixture solidify between the chain link wire mesh and the slope, forming a U-shaped anchoring structure through long fibers. This structure hangs on the chain link wire mesh and the slope, forming a mesh-like adhesive structure. This anchoring structure achieves a stable connection between the chain link wire mesh and the slope, while also providing a skeletal structure for the sponge matrix to adhere to the slope. S4.2, the middle layer is the construction of the reinforced support layer: After the bottom fiber skeleton has solidified, the pits and depressions on the slope are repaired and sprayed. 5-8cm long fibers, with a weight addition of 40-48kg / m³, are added together with the porous matrix material into the main mixing tank. The mixture is stirred by the mixing device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber slurry mixture; the amount of porous matrix material used is 80-100kg / m³. Similar to step S4.1, take the sponge soil forming agent and water and mix them evenly in the sponge soil forming agent mixing and conveying tank to form a mixed viscous liquid. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle, where it is fully mixed with the long fiber slurry mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil forming agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun (with a specially designed atomizing high-range nozzle) is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil forming agent onto the freshly sprayed substrate. At this time, the slope substrate undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge substrate. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 1-3‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Repeat the spraying 1-2 times to ensure the fiber fully integrates with the underlying skeleton and wire mesh; control the thickness of the middle layer to 5-8cm; add an appropriate amount of organic matter and soil-activating compound microbial agent during the mixed spraying process; S4.3, Subsurface transition layer spraying construction: Select 3-5cm long fibers, with a weight addition of 32-40kg / m³; add porous matrix material, or simultaneously mix compound microbial agent and slow-release fertilizer, put them into the main mixing tank, and stir evenly by the mixing device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber slurry mixture; the amount of porous matrix material used is 100-150kg / m³; Similar to step S4.1, take the sponge soil forming agent and water and mix them evenly in the sponge soil forming agent mixing and conveying tank to form a mixed viscous liquid. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle, where it is fully mixed with the long fiber slurry mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil forming agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun (with a specially designed atomizing high-range nozzle) is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil forming agent onto the freshly sprayed substrate. At this time, the slope substrate undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge substrate. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 1-3‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Hydroseeding forms a subsurface layer 3-5 cm thick; This sponge-like matrix further constructs a three-dimensional network structure, enhancing the density of the sponge soil structure and the connection strength between each layer, and giving it excellent water retention and absorption properties. It can achieve long-term water lock-in and slow release, providing a stable water environment for subsequent ecological restoration.

[0009] S4.4, Surface layer (water-retaining and seedling-protecting layer) spraying construction: Mix fiber, porous matrix material and plant seeds within 3cm in the main mixing tank. The amount of fiber is 80-100kg / m³, and the amount of porous matrix material is 80-100kg / m³. The spraying intensity should be such that the surface material is evenly covered without damaging the underlying structure, forming a 1cm thick layer of plant seeds.

[0010] After this layer of spraying, a protective mesh structure forms on the surface, which helps the soil retain and absorb water, prevents erosion, and provides a moist and protective environment for seed germination and early growth.

[0011] The fiber-framed sponge soil molding and spraying construction method requires the following preparations in the early stage of construction: four different lengths of fiber (within 3cm, 3-5cm, 5-8cm, and 8-10cm), wire mesh, metal anchors with a diameter of 12-14mm, planting sticks with a diameter of 8-10mm, water-collecting planting holes, porous substrate, sponge soil molding agent, and plant seeds. Equipment debugging: The long-fiber vortex pump used has the functions of long fiber conveying and vortex spraying, ensuring that fibers of different lengths are evenly dispersed and can be accurately sprayed onto the preset slope according to the preset thickness. Calibrate the nozzle range and force parameters; debug the drilling equipment to ensure the accurate laying layout of planting sticks and anchors.

[0012] Measurement and layout: According to the design plan, the measurement and layout are completed on the slope to mark the wire mesh laying range, anchor fixing points, vegetation stick placement positions, water collection and vegetation hole installation areas, and control lines for the thickness of each layer of spraying, to ensure accurate construction positioning.

[0013] In the fiber-reinforced sponge soil forming and spraying construction method, in step S3, wire mesh is laid along the slope from top to bottom, with an overlap width of not less than 10cm between adjacent mesh panels, and the overlap is fixed with wire every 20cm; metal anchors with a diameter of 12-14mm are used to fix the wire mesh in a quincunx pattern, with a spacing of 1.2-1.5m, and the anchors are drilled into the slope to a depth of not less than 30cm. In steep areas, the anchor spacing is reduced to 0.8-1m, and the wire mesh is fixed together with the vegetation sticks to ensure that the wire mesh is flat and close to the slope, and the distance between the outermost layer and the slope is controlled at 5-6cm.

[0014] The fiber-skeletal sponge soil molding and spraying method described above uses pure fiber, such as wood fiber or grass fiber, for the surface layer. After being fully mixed with plant seeds, it is sprayed to ensure the seed germination and growth environment.

[0015] The fiber-reinforced sponge soil forming and spraying construction method described herein comprises, by weight percentage, 30-50% organic matrix, 20-40% inorganic mineral particles such as clay, 10-20% water-retaining component, and 5%-10% nutrient additives. This part refers to the existing basic patent, namely the porous spraying matrix and its preparation method and application disclosed in Chinese Patent CN118476453A.

[0016] The fiber-reinforced sponge soil molding and spraying method described herein uses a sponge soil molding agent, which, by weight, comprises the following components: organic polymer material: 20-50 parts; foaming agent: 20-40 parts; crosslinking agent: 10-30 parts; toughening agent: 1-40 parts, wherein the toughening agent is an aqueous latex; pH adjuster: 10-30 parts; surfactant: 0.5-2 parts. The sponge soil molding agent serves as a binder, enhancing the adhesion and structural stability between fibers, porous matrix, and soil particles. This section references an existing basic patent, namely Chinese Patent CN120310172A, which discloses a sponge soil molding agent, sponge soil, and a method for preparing sponge soil.

[0017] Beneficial effects of the invention: 1. This invention relates to a fiber-reinforced sponge soil forming and spraying method. Through layered spraying of fibers of different lengths and specialized materials, combined with techniques such as netting fixation, support installation, and water collection management, a stable soil layer with a sponge-like porous structure is formed. This achieves a strong bond between the soil and the slope, significantly improving the ecological restoration effect and durability. It is particularly suitable for ecological restoration projects in complex and harsh environments such as hot and dry valleys, shotcrete slopes, eroded terrain, and steep slopes. It has the following characteristics and advantages: (1) Significantly improved structural stability: By layering and spraying fibers of different lengths, fixing with netting and planting sticks, a U-shaped anchoring structure is formed, which solves the problem of poor bonding between soil and slope and avoids soil layer detachment and cracking.

[0018] (2) Optimized water and fertilizer retention performance: The subsurface sponge matrix and three-dimensional network structure enable long-term water retention and slow release; decomposed corn cobs, sheep manure and slow-release fertilizer provide continuous nutrients to meet the needs of plant growth.

[0019] (3) Adaptation to complex environments: The support and drainage design for steep slopes, as well as the adaptation of special equipment and materials, enable this method to be applied to harsh environments such as hot and dry valleys, shotcrete slopes, eroded land, and steep slopes, thus broadening the scope of ecological restoration.

[0020] (4) Strong construction system: From the early preparation to layered spraying and curing, a complete process system is formed, the material usage, equipment parameters and operation standards are clearly defined, and the construction quality is controllable.

[0021] 2. This invention, a fiber-reinforced sponge soil molding and spraying method, solves the problems of poor soil structure stability, weak adhesion to the slope, and poor water and fertilizer retention in existing technologies. On steep slopes, planting sticks are laid every 1.5-2m. The planting sticks are 80-120cm long and made of long strips of polyester fiber geotextile with a diameter of 8-10mm. A water-retaining sponge-like substrate is filled on-site, and the sticks are laid horizontally on the slope and secured to anchors or wire mesh. The wire mesh is laid from top to bottom along the slope, with an overlap of at least 10cm between adjacent mesh sections. The overlaps are securely tied with wire every 20cm to ensure the wire mesh is flat and tightly adhered to the slope, and the outermost layer is kept 5-6cm away from the slope surface. Metal anchors are used to fix the wire mesh in a quincunx pattern. The anchor spacing is 1.2-1.5m in normal areas and 0.8-1m in steep areas. All anchors are drilled into the slope to a depth of not less than 30cm. They work together with vegetation sticks to prevent the wire mesh from falling off, shifting, or getting too close to the slope.

[0022] 3. The fiber-reinforced sponge soil molding and spraying construction method of the present invention involves spraying a mixture of long-fiber slurry and sponge soil molding agent to form the base layer. The sponge soil molding agent and slurry mixture solidify between the chain-link wire mesh and the slope surface. The long fibers form a U-shaped anchoring structure that hangs on the chain-link wire mesh and the slope surface to form a mesh-like adhesive structure. This anchoring structure achieves a stable connection between the chain-link wire mesh and the slope surface, forming a sponge-like matrix that adheres to the skeleton structure on the slope surface. This lays a solid foundation for subsequent construction and effectively ensures the stable connection between the sponge soil base layer and the slope surface. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly described below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of this application and should not be regarded as a limitation on the scope.

[0024] Figure 1 This shows a schematic diagram of the main structure of a special hydroseeding machine for sponge soil molding; Figure 2 A side view of the structure of a special hydroseeding machine for sponge soil molding is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the sponge soil molding agent mixer (in use) is shown. Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a special spray gun for pH adjuster is shown; Explanation of key component symbols: 1. Long fiber vortex pump; 2. Sponge soil molding agent mixer; 3. Main mixing tank; 4. Sponge soil molding agent mixing and conveying tank; 5. pH adjuster spray gun; 6. Generator; 7. Main engine; 8. Auxiliary engine; 9. Screening device; 21. Long fiber mud mixture channel; 22. Sponge soil molding agent channel; 23. Mixing chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the technical concept and advantages of the invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the following embodiments are merely preferred embodiments for explaining and illustrating the present invention, and should not be considered as, nor constitute a limitation on, the scope of patent protection claimed by the present invention.

[0026] Example 1 A method for spraying fiber-reinforced sponge soil includes the following steps: S1, Slope Clearing and Catchment Planning: The construction slope was cleaned and surveyed, loose soil and dangerous rocks were removed, and water accumulation points, cracks and unstable areas were marked; the water collection path was planned in combination with the slope topography, and the location of the water collection and vegetation holes was determined to prepare for subsequent drainage buffer. S2, steep slope pretreatment, including: Water accumulation treatment: Drainage ditches are dug at the marked water accumulation points to direct the water to the drainage system at the bottom of the slope, thus preventing water from eroding the slope. Water collection and vegetation hole layout: In areas where the water collection path is smooth and the rock face is steep and it is difficult to retain water, water collection and vegetation holes are laid in an alternating manner to form a temporary water storage and drainage buffer structure. S3, Netting and Anchor Bolt Fixing: Wire mesh installation: Lay the wire mesh along the slope from top to bottom, and tie the overlaps with wire to ensure that the mesh surface is flat. Anchor bolt fixing: Use 12-14mm diameter metal anchor bolts to fix the wire mesh in a quincunx pattern. The spacing in normal areas is 1.2-1.5m, and in steep areas it is reduced to 0.8-1m. All anchor bolts should be drilled into the slope to a depth of not less than 30cm. Vegetation stick installation: On steep slopes with a gradient > 60°, vegetation sticks are laid every 1.5-2m. The vegetation sticks are laid horizontally on the slope and tied inside the wire mesh, and then fixed with anchor rods. S4, spray a sponge soil matrix layer to form a fibrous skeleton sponge soil, and then spray a seed layer; S5, Curing and Shaping: After the hydroseeding is completed, water regularly for curing and check the stability of the wire mesh, anchor bolts, planting sticks, and fiber skeleton to ensure that the fiber skeleton is fully integrated with each material and finally forms an overall stable sponge-like porous soil structure. The difference between this invention and the prior art is that step S4 adopts a layered spraying construction process, which organically integrates a layered fiber system with existing mature material technology. By introducing a layered fiber structure, it makes up for the shortcomings of the prior art in terms of slope structural stability and vegetation growth adaptability, forming a synergistic technical effect of "basic material stability + layered fiber reinforcement". In this invention, the selection and preparation of porous matrix, sponge soil, and sponge soil forming agent are all based on the technical verification of existing patents, ensuring the feasibility and stability of the technical solution; the essential characteristics and application mechanism of the core materials in existing patents are not changed, while significantly improving the applicability and ecological restoration effect of the hydroseeding process. Relevant patent documents include: 202510596962.6, A method for ecological restoration of low / gentle / high / steep slopes using sponge soil; 202510470664.2, A sponge soil forming agent, sponge soil, and its preparation method; 202410724494.1, Porous hydroseeding matrix, its preparation method, and its application. The above step is the same as S4, where a special hydroseeding machine for sponge soil molding is used for hydroseeding. See [link / reference] Figure 1-4 The special hydroseeding machine for sponge soil forming includes a long fiber vortex pump 1, a sponge soil forming agent mixer 2, a main mixing tank 3, a sponge soil forming agent mixing and conveying tank 4 (with a separate small hydraulic mixing tank), a special spray gun for pH adjuster 5 (a specially made atomizing high-range nozzle), as well as a generator 6, a main engine 7, an auxiliary engine 8, a screening device 9, etc. The sponge soil molding agent mixer 2 includes a long fiber slurry mixing channel 10, a sponge soil molding agent channel 11, and a mixing chamber 12, etc.; a nozzle is installed at its outlet end.

[0027] The long fiber vortex pump mentioned here is the vortex pump disclosed in Chinese Patent CN215735741U, which is specifically used for spraying long fibers; the sponge soil forming agent mixer mentioned is the high-order granulation spray gun disclosed in Chinese Patent CN202524741U; and the screening device is the wet soil screening device disclosed in Chinese Patent CN214916779U. The layered spraying process includes: S4.1, Construction of the bottom main reinforcement layer, to achieve a stable connection between the chain link wire mesh and the slope surface. The construction process is as follows: Preparation of mud mixture: Select long fibers with a length of 8-10cm, with a fiber dosage of 60kg / m³; add them together with porous matrix material into the main mixing tank, and stir them thoroughly by the stirring device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber mud mixture; the amount of porous matrix material is 50kg / m³. Sprayer Mixing Molding Agent: According to the weight ratio, foaming agent, crosslinking agent, toughening agent, and organic polymer materials are added to the sponge soil molding agent mixing and conveying tank. At the same time, 500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and an equal part by weight of water are added to the tank and stirred thoroughly to form a uniform mixture of sponge soil molding agent and water. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle and thoroughly mixed with the long fiber slurry mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil molding agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun (specially designed atomizing high-range nozzle) is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil molding agent onto the freshly sprayed matrix. At this time, the slope matrix undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge-like matrix. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 1‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Precision hydroseeding: Adjust the spraying range and spraying intensity of the hydroseeder so that the long fibers in the mixture are hooked onto the chain link wire mesh, embedded and bonded to the slope together with the mixture; control the thickness of each spraying to 3-5cm; spray 1-2 times. Forming an anchoring structure: The sponge soil molding agent and mud mixture solidify between the chain link wire mesh and the slope, forming a U-shaped anchoring structure through long fibers. This structure hangs on the chain link wire mesh and the slope, forming a mesh-like adhesive structure. This anchoring structure achieves a stable connection between the chain link wire mesh and the slope, while also providing a skeletal structure for the sponge matrix to adhere to the slope. S4.2, the middle layer is the construction of the reinforced support layer: after the bottom fiber skeleton has solidified, the pits and depressions on the slope are repaired and sprayed. 5-8cm long fibers, with a weight addition of 40kg / m³, are added together with the porous matrix material into the main mixing tank. The mixture is stirred by the mixing device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber slurry mixture; the amount of porous matrix material used is 100kg / m³. Similar to step S4.1, take the sponge soil forming agent and water and mix them evenly in the sponge soil forming agent mixing and conveying tank to form a mixed viscous liquid. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle, where it is fully mixed with the long fiber slurry mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil forming agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun (with a specially designed atomizing high-range nozzle) is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil forming agent onto the freshly sprayed substrate. At this time, the slope substrate undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge substrate. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 1‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Repeat the spraying 1-2 times to ensure the fiber fully integrates with the underlying skeleton and wire mesh; control the thickness of the middle layer to 5-8cm; add an appropriate amount of organic matter and soil-activating compound microbial agent during the mixed spraying process; S4.3, Subsurface transition layer spraying construction: Select 3-5cm long fibers, with a weight addition of 40kg / m³; add porous matrix material, or simultaneously mix compound microbial agent and slow-release fertilizer, put them into the main mixing tank, and stir evenly by the mixing device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber slurry mixture; the amount of porous matrix material used is 100kg / m³. Similar to step S4.1, take the sponge soil forming agent and water and mix them evenly in the sponge soil forming agent mixing and conveying tank to form a mixed viscous liquid. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle, where it is fully mixed with the long fiber slurry mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil forming agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun (with a specially designed atomizing high-range nozzle) is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil forming agent onto the freshly sprayed substrate. At this time, the slope substrate undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge substrate. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 1‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Hydroseeding forms a subsurface layer 3-5 cm thick; This sponge-like matrix further constructs a three-dimensional network structure, enhancing the density of the sponge soil structure and the connection strength between each layer, and giving it excellent water retention and absorption properties. It can achieve long-term water lock-in and slow release, providing a stable water environment for subsequent ecological restoration.

[0028] S4.4, Surface layer (water-retaining and seedling-protecting layer) spraying construction: Mix fiber, porous matrix material and plant seeds within 3cm in the main mixing tank. The amount of fiber is 80kg / m³ and the amount of porous matrix material is 100kg / m³. The spraying intensity should be such that the surface material is evenly covered without damaging the underlying structure, forming a 1cm thick layer of plant seeds.

[0029] After this layer of spraying, a protective mesh structure forms on the surface, allowing the soil to retain and absorb water, preventing erosion, and providing a moist and protective environment for seed germination and early growth. The preparation and construction of sponge soil spraying substrate materials and sponge soil are referenced in the sponge soil patent application 202510470664.2.

[0030] The described sponge soil forming and hydroseeding machine is specifically designed for fiber-reinforced sponge soil forming construction methods. The construction process is as follows: A certain amount of water is added to the tank; planting soil is fed into a screening device (patented) using a loader; the screened soil enters the tank for mixing; fiber is added through the observation port and thoroughly mixed; the agent is added to the sponge soil forming agent mixing and conveying tank; a mixer is installed at the spray nozzle. The amount of forming agent added is adjusted by the slurry flow rate. When spraying the pH agent, the sponge soil forming agent mixing and conveying tank is stopped, the mixer is removed, and a dedicated pH agent nozzle is installed for spraying. Using a variable displacement hydraulic pump and variable displacement hydraulic motor, the pumping flow rate of the additive can be precisely controlled to achieve accurate proportions.

[0031] Example 2 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that step S4 is the layered spraying construction process.

[0032] S4.1, Construction of the bottom main reinforcement layer: This layer is used to achieve a stable connection between the chain link wire mesh and the slope, laying a solid foundation for subsequent construction. The specific steps are as follows: Preparation of mud mixture: Select long fibers with a length of 8-10cm, with a fiber dosage of 48kg / m³; add them together with porous matrix material into the main mixing tank, and stir them thoroughly by the stirring device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber mud mixture; the amount of porous matrix material is 80kg / m³. Sprayer Mixing Molding Agent: According to the weight ratio, foaming agent, crosslinking agent, toughening agent, and organic polymer materials are added to the sponge soil molding agent mixing and conveying tank. At the same time, 500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and an equal part by weight of water are added to the tank and stirred thoroughly to form a uniform mixture of sponge soil molding agent and water. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle and thoroughly mixed with the long fiber slurry mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil molding agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun (specially designed atomizing high-range nozzle) is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil molding agent onto the freshly sprayed matrix. At this time, the slope matrix undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge-like matrix. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 3‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Precision hydroseeding: Adjust the spraying range and spraying intensity of the hydroseeder so that the long fibers in the mixture are hooked onto the chain link wire mesh, embedded and bonded to the slope together with the mixture; control the thickness of each spraying to 3-5cm; spray 1-2 times. Forming an anchoring structure: The sponge soil molding agent and mud mixture solidify between the chain link wire mesh and the slope, forming a U-shaped anchoring structure through long fibers. This structure hangs on the chain link wire mesh and the slope, forming a mesh-like adhesive structure. This anchoring structure achieves a stable connection between the chain link wire mesh and the slope, while also providing a skeletal structure for the sponge matrix to adhere to the slope. S4.2, the middle layer is the construction of the reinforced support layer: after the bottom fiber skeleton has solidified, the pits and depressions on the slope are repaired and sprayed. 5-8cm long fibers, with a weight addition of 48kg / m³, are added together with the porous matrix material into the main mixing tank. The mixture is stirred by the mixing device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber slurry mixture; the amount of porous matrix material used is 80kg / m³. Similar to step S4.1, take the sponge soil forming agent and water and mix them evenly in the sponge soil forming agent mixing and conveying tank to form a mixed viscous liquid. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle, where it is fully mixed with the long fiber slurry mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil forming agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun (with a specially designed atomizing high-range nozzle) is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil forming agent onto the freshly sprayed substrate. At this time, the slope substrate undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge substrate. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 3‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Repeat the spraying 1-2 times to ensure the fiber fully integrates with the underlying skeleton and wire mesh; control the thickness of the middle layer to 5-8cm; add an appropriate amount of organic matter and soil-activating compound microbial agent during the mixed spraying process; S4.3, Subsurface transition layer spraying construction: Select 3-5cm long fibers, with a weight addition of 32kg / m³; add porous matrix material, or simultaneously mix compound microbial agent and slow-release fertilizer, put into the main mixing tank, and stir evenly by the mixing device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber slurry mixture; the amount of porous matrix material used is 150kg / m³. Similar to step S4.1, take the sponge soil forming agent and water and mix them evenly in the sponge soil forming agent mixing and conveying tank to form a mixed viscous liquid. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle, where it is fully mixed with the long fiber slurry mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil forming agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun (with a specially designed atomizing high-range nozzle) is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil forming agent onto the freshly sprayed substrate. At this time, the slope substrate undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge substrate. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 3‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Hydroseeding forms a subsurface layer 3-5 cm thick; This sponge-like matrix further constructs a three-dimensional network structure, enhancing the density of the sponge soil structure and the connection strength between each layer, and giving it excellent water retention and absorption properties. It can achieve long-term water lock-in and slow release, providing a stable water environment for subsequent ecological restoration.

[0033] S4.4, Surface (water-retaining and seedling-protecting layer) spraying construction: Mix fiber, porous matrix material and plant seeds within 3cm in the main mixing tank. The amount of fiber is 100kg / m³ and the amount of porous matrix is ​​80kg / m³. The spraying intensity should be such that the surface material is evenly covered without damaging the underlying structure, forming a 1cm thick layer of plant seeds.

[0034] After this layer of spraying, a protective mesh structure forms on the surface, allowing the soil to retain and absorb water, preventing erosion, and providing a moist and protective environment for seed germination and early growth. The surface fiber is made of wood fiber, pure fiber, or grass fiber, which is thoroughly mixed with the plant seeds before spraying to ensure a favorable environment for seed germination and growth.

[0035] Example 3 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that step S4 is the layered spraying construction process.

[0036] S4.1, Construction of the bottom main reinforcement layer: This layer is used to achieve a stable connection between the chain link wire mesh and the slope, laying a solid foundation for subsequent construction. The specific steps are as follows: Preparation of mud mixture: Select long fibers with a length of 8-10cm, with a fiber dosage of 50kg / m³; add them together with porous matrix material into the main mixing tank, and stir them thoroughly by the stirring device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber mud mixture; the amount of porous matrix material is 60kg / m³. Sprayer Mixing Molding Agent: According to the weight ratio, foaming agent, crosslinking agent, toughening agent, and organic polymer materials are added to the sponge soil molding agent mixing and conveying tank. At the same time, 500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and an equal part by weight of water are added to the tank and stirred thoroughly to form a uniform mixture of sponge soil molding agent and water. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle and thoroughly mixed with the long fiber slurry mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil molding agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun (specially designed atomizing high-range nozzle) is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil molding agent onto the freshly sprayed matrix. At this time, the slope matrix undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge-like matrix. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 1.5‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Precision hydroseeding: Adjust the spraying range and spraying intensity of the hydroseeder so that the long fibers in the mixture are hooked onto the chain link wire mesh, embedded and bonded to the slope together with the mixture; control the thickness of each spraying to 3-5cm; spray 1-2 times. Forming an anchoring structure: The sponge soil molding agent and mud mixture solidify between the chain link wire mesh and the slope, forming a U-shaped anchoring structure through long fibers. This structure hangs on the chain link wire mesh and the slope, forming a mesh-like adhesive structure. This anchoring structure achieves a stable connection between the chain link wire mesh and the slope, while also providing a skeletal structure for the sponge matrix to adhere to the slope. S4.2, the middle layer is the construction of the reinforced support layer: after the bottom fiber skeleton has solidified, the pits and depressions on the slope are repaired and sprayed. 5-8cm long fibers, with a weight addition of 50kg / m³, are added together with the porous matrix material into the main mixing tank. The mixture is stirred by the mixing device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber slurry mixture; the amount of porous matrix material used is 90kg / m³. Similar to step S4.1, take the sponge soil forming agent and water and mix them evenly in the sponge soil forming agent mixing and conveying tank to form a mixed viscous liquid. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle, where it is fully mixed with the long fiber slurry mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil forming agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun (with a specially designed atomizing high-range nozzle) is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil forming agent onto the freshly sprayed substrate. At this time, the slope substrate undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge substrate. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 1.5‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Repeat the spraying 1-2 times to ensure the fiber fully integrates with the underlying skeleton and wire mesh; control the thickness of the middle layer to 5-8cm; add an appropriate amount of organic matter and soil-activating compound microbial agent during the mixed spraying process; S4.3, Subsurface transition layer spraying construction: Select 3-5cm long fibers, with a weight addition of 35kg / m³; add porous matrix material, or simultaneously mix compound microbial agent and slow-release fertilizer, put into the main mixing tank, and stir evenly by the mixing device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber slurry mixture; the amount of porous matrix material used is 120kg / m³. Similar to step S4.1, take the sponge soil forming agent and water and mix them evenly in the sponge soil forming agent mixing and conveying tank to form a mixed viscous liquid. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle, where it is fully mixed with the long fiber slurry mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil forming agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun (with a specially designed atomizing high-range nozzle) is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil forming agent onto the freshly sprayed substrate. At this time, the slope substrate undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge substrate. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 1.5‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Hydroseeding forms a subsurface layer 3-5 cm thick; This sponge-like matrix further constructs a three-dimensional network structure, enhancing the density of the sponge soil structure and the connection strength between each layer, and giving it excellent water retention and absorption properties. It can achieve long-term water lock-in and slow release, providing a stable water environment for subsequent ecological restoration.

[0037] S4.4, Surface layer (water-retaining and seedling-protecting layer) spraying construction: Mix fiber, porous matrix material and plant seeds within 3cm in the main mixing tank. The amount of fiber is 90kg / m³ and the amount of porous matrix is ​​90kg / m³. The spraying intensity should be such that the surface material is evenly covered without damaging the underlying structure, forming a 1cm thick layer of plant seeds.

[0038] After this layer of spraying, a protective mesh structure forms on the surface, allowing the soil to retain and absorb water, preventing erosion, and providing a moist and protective environment for seed germination and early growth. The surface fiber is made of wood fiber, pure fiber, or grass fiber, which is thoroughly mixed with the plant seeds before spraying to ensure a favorable environment for seed germination and growth.

[0039] Example 4 This invention relates to a fiber-reinforced sponge soil molding and spraying method for repairing steep slopes with a gradient >60°, comprising the following steps: Preliminary preparations: Clear loose soil and loose rocks from the slope, and mark water accumulation points and cracks; prepare four lengths of fiber, wire mesh, anchor rods, planting sticks, water-collecting planting holes, porous substrate (40% organic substrate, 30% inorganic mineral particles such as clay, 18% water-retaining component, and 12% nutrient additive), sponge soil forming agent (35 parts organic polymer material, 30 parts foaming agent, 20 parts crosslinking agent, 25 parts toughening agent, 20 parts pH adjuster, and 1 part surfactant), and local suitable plant seeds; debug the hydroseeding machine and drilling equipment, and complete the measurement and layout.

[0040] Pretreatment: Excavate diversion trenches to drain accumulated water, and lay water-collecting vegetation holes in an alternating pattern; place vegetation sticks (90cm in length and 55cm in depth) every 1.8m.

[0041] Netting Fixing: Lay wire mesh with an overlap width of 12cm and tie it; arrange anchor bolts in a quincunx pattern, with a spacing of 1.4m in normal areas and 0.9m in steep areas, and a drilling depth of 35cm.

[0042] Layered spraying: The bottom layer is sprayed with 8-10cm fiber (180kg / m³) and mud, with a range of 6m and a thickness of 10cm; the middle layer is sprayed with 5-8cm fiber (120kg / m³) and compound microbial agent, with a range of 4m and a thickness of 6cm; the sub-surface layer is sprayed with 3-5cm fiber (130kg / m³) and decomposed auxiliary material, with a range of 2.5m and a thickness of 6cm; the top layer is sprayed with 2cm fiber (90kg / m³) and seeds, with a range of 1.5m and a thickness of 1cm.

[0043] Maintenance: Water twice a day and check the structural stability once a week. After 30 days of maintenance, a stable spongy soil structure will be formed, and the seed germination rate will reach over 85%.

[0044] This invention relates to a fiber-reinforced sponge soil forming and spraying method. By spraying fibers of different lengths and special materials (porous matrix and sponge soil forming agent) in layers, combined with netting fixation, support layout, and water accumulation treatment, a stable soil layer with a sponge-like porous structure is formed. This achieves a firm bond between the soil and the slope, significantly improving the ecological restoration effect and durability. It is especially suitable for ecological restoration projects in complex and harsh environments such as hot and dry valleys, shotcrete slopes, eroded land, and steep slopes. It solves the problems of poor soil structure stability, weak bonding with the slope, and poor water and fertilizer retention in existing technologies.

[0045] The table below shows the performance test data of the fiber-reinforced ecological sponge-like matrix in this embodiment: Example 5 The fiber-reinforced sponge soil molding and spraying method in this embodiment differs from the aforementioned embodiments in that: In the early stages of construction, prepare four different lengths of fiber (within 3cm, 3-5cm, 5-8cm, and 8-10cm), wire mesh, metal anchors with a diameter of 12-14mm, planting sticks with a diameter of 8-10mm, water-collecting planting holes, porous substrate, sponge soil conditioner, and plant seeds.

[0046] Pre-test equipment debugging: The hydroseeding machine used should have long fiber conveying and vortex spraying functions to ensure that fibers of different lengths are evenly dispersed and can be accurately sprayed onto the preset slope according to the preset thickness. Calibrate the nozzle range and force parameters; debug the drilling equipment to ensure accurate laying layout of planting sticks and anchor bolts.

[0047] According to the design plan, the measurement and layout are carried out on the slope to mark the range of wire mesh laying, anchor fixing points, planting stick placement, water collection and planting hole installation area, and control lines for the thickness of each layer of spraying, so as to ensure accurate construction positioning.

[0048] In the fiber-reinforced sponge soil forming and spraying construction method of the present invention, in step S2, during the pretreatment of steep slopes, planting sticks are laid every 1.5-2m on steep slopes with a slope greater than 60°. The planting sticks are 80-120cm long and are made of polyester fiber geotextile with a diameter of 8-10mm into long strips. They are filled with water-retaining sponge-like matrix on site, laid horizontally on the slope and tied to anchors or wire mesh.

[0049] In step S3, the wire mesh is laid down along the slope from top to bottom, with an overlap width of not less than 10cm between adjacent mesh panels. The overlap is secured with wire every 20cm. Metal anchors with a diameter of 12-14mm are used to fix the wire mesh in a quincunx pattern with a spacing of 1.2-1.5m. The anchors are drilled into the slope to a depth of not less than 30cm. In steep areas, the anchor spacing is reduced to 0.8-1m. The wire mesh is fixed together with the vegetation sticks to ensure that it is flat and close to the slope. The distance between the outermost layer and the slope is controlled at 5-6cm.

[0050] This invention optimizes and upgrades existing technological achievements. Firstly, it utilizes a publicly disclosed construction scheme for sponge soil on gently sloping terrain (hereinafter referred to as the "foundation construction patent"), whose disclosed core material system and proportioning principles form the basis for the addition of colloidal materials in this invention. Secondly, it utilizes a porous matrix patent jointly applied for with Beijing Forestry University (CN202410724494.1, hereinafter referred to as the "porous matrix patent"), whose described soil-matrix mixing process and parameters provide technical support for the preparation of the sponge soil matrix in this invention. Based on the above two patents, this invention innovatively introduces layered fiber laying technology, solving the technical defects of existing hydroseeding processes such as insufficient soil stability, low vegetation survival rate, and weak erosion resistance.

[0051] 1. Bottom layer fiber: High-strength coarse fiber with a length of 8-10cm is selected. Its main function is to enhance the mechanical stability of the soil matrix and prevent landslides at the base of the slope. The fiber dosage is 48-60kg / m³. The laying method is to mix it with the porous matrix soil and then spray it. 2. Middle layer fiber: Uses medium-strength tough fiber with a length of 5-8cm, which has both supporting and breathable functions, connecting the bottom layer and the sub-surface structure. The fiber application rate is 40-48kg / m³, which is mixed with porous substrate soil and sprayed before compaction. 3. Subsurface fiber: Select fine fibers with a length of 3-5cm, mix them with diluted gelatinous material and spray them. The fiber works synergistically with the polymer gelatinous material to improve the soil's water retention capacity and adhesion. The fiber application rate / addition rate is 32-40kg / m³. 4. Surface Fiber: Environmentally friendly, biodegradable fine fibers less than 3cm in length are used. These are mixed with grass seeds and nutrients and then applied as a surface layer by spraying. The fiber addition rate is 80-100 kg / m³. This surface layer construction, designed to retain water and promote seedling growth, is tailored to the needs of vegetation growth, providing a suitable environment for seed germination.

[0052] The dosage of kg / m³ mentioned in the text is based on the volume of water / diluted solution in the mixing tank.

[0053] The core innovation of this invention lies in the organic integration of the layered fiber system with existing mature material technologies. The selection of gelatinous materials and porous matrix relies on the technical verification of existing patents, ensuring the feasibility and stability of the technical solution. The introduction of the layered fiber structure makes up for the shortcomings of existing technologies in terms of slope structural stability and vegetation growth adaptability, forming a synergistic technical effect of "basic material stability + layered fiber reinforcement". It does not change the essential characteristics and application mechanism of the core materials in existing patents, while significantly improving the applicability and ecological restoration effect of the hydroseeding process.

Claims

1. A method for spraying fiber-reinforced sponge soil, comprising the following steps: S1, Slope Clearing and Catchment Planning: The construction slope was cleaned and surveyed, loose soil and dangerous rocks were removed, and water accumulation points, cracks and unstable areas were marked; the water collection path was planned in combination with the slope topography, and the location of the water collection and vegetation holes was determined to prepare for subsequent drainage buffer. S2, steep slope pretreatment, including: Water accumulation treatment: Drainage ditches are dug at the marked water accumulation points to direct the water to the drainage system at the bottom of the slope, thus preventing water from eroding the slope. Water collection and vegetation hole layout: In areas where the water collection path is smooth and the rock face is steep and it is difficult to retain water, water collection and vegetation holes are laid in an alternating manner to form a temporary water storage and drainage buffer structure. S3, Netting and Anchor Bolt Fixing: Wire mesh installation: Lay the wire mesh along the slope from top to bottom, and tie the overlaps with wire to ensure that the mesh surface is flat. Anchor bolt fixing: Use 12-14mm diameter metal anchor bolts to fix the wire mesh in a quincunx pattern. The spacing in normal areas is 1.2-1.5m, and in steep areas it is reduced to 0.8-1m. All anchor bolts should be drilled into the slope to a depth of not less than 30cm. Vegetation stick installation: On steep slopes with a gradient > 60°, vegetation sticks are laid every 1.5-2m. The vegetation sticks are laid horizontally on the slope and tied inside the wire mesh, and then fixed with anchor rods. S4, spray a sponge soil matrix layer to form a fibrous skeleton sponge soil, and then spray a seed layer; S5, Curing and Shaping: After the hydroseeding is completed, water regularly for curing and check the stability of the wire mesh, anchor bolts, planting sticks, and fiber skeleton to ensure that the fiber skeleton is fully integrated with each material and finally forms an overall stable sponge-like porous soil structure. The feature is that step S4 uses a special hydroseeding machine for sponge soil molding to carry out the hydroseeding operation. The special hydroseeding machine for sponge soil molding includes a long fiber vortex pump, a sponge soil molding agent mixer, a main mixing tank, a sponge soil molding agent mixing and conveying tank, and a special spray gun for pH adjuster. A layered spraying process is employed, which includes: S4.1, Construction of the bottom main reinforcement layer, to achieve a stable connection between the chain link wire mesh and the slope surface. The construction process is as follows: Preparation of mud mixture: Select long fibers with a length of 8-10cm, with a fiber dosage of 48-60kg / m³; add them together with porous matrix material into the main mixing tank, and stir them thoroughly by the stirring device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber mud mixture; the amount of porous matrix material is 50-80kg / m³. Sprayer Mixing Molding Agent: According to the weight ratio, foaming agent, crosslinking agent, toughening agent, and organic polymer materials are added to the sponge soil molding agent mixing and conveying tank. At the same time, 200-500 parts by weight of soil or soil matrix material and an equal part by weight of water are added to the tank and stirred thoroughly to form a uniform mixture of sponge soil molding agent and water. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle and thoroughly mixed with the long fiber slurry mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil molding agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil molding agent onto the freshly sprayed matrix. At this time, the slope matrix undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge-like matrix. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 1-3‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Precision hydroseeding: Adjust the spraying range and spraying intensity of the hydroseeder so that the long fibers in the mixture are hooked onto the chain link wire mesh, embedded and bonded to the slope together with the mixture; control the thickness of each spraying to 3-5cm; spray 1-2 times. Forming an anchoring structure: The sponge soil molding agent and mud mixture solidify between the chain link wire mesh and the slope, forming a U-shaped anchoring structure through long fibers. This structure hangs on the chain link wire mesh and the slope, forming a mesh-like adhesive structure. This anchoring structure achieves a stable connection between the chain link wire mesh and the slope, while also providing a skeletal structure for the sponge matrix to adhere to the slope. S4.2, the middle layer is the construction of the reinforced support layer: After the bottom fiber skeleton has solidified, the pits and depressions on the slope are repaired and sprayed. 5-8cm long fibers, with a weight addition of 40-48kg / m³, are added together with the porous matrix material into the main mixing tank. The mixture is stirred by the mixing device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber slurry mixture; the amount of porous matrix material used is 80-100kg / m³. In step S4.1, the sponge soil forming agent and water are mixed evenly in the sponge soil forming agent mixing and conveying tank to form a mixed viscous liquid. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle, where it is fully mixed with the long fiber mud mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil forming agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil forming agent onto the freshly sprayed substrate. At this time, the slope substrate undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge substrate. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 1-3‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Repeat the spraying 1-2 times to ensure the fiber fully integrates with the underlying skeleton and wire mesh; control the thickness of the middle layer to 5-8cm; add an appropriate amount of organic matter and soil-activating compound microbial agent during the mixed spraying process; S4.3, Subsurface transition layer spraying construction: Select 3-5cm long fibers, with a weight addition of 32-40kg / m³; add porous matrix material, or simultaneously mix compound microbial agent and slow-release fertilizer, put them into the main mixing tank, and stir evenly by the mixing device in the tank to form a uniform long fiber slurry mixture; the amount of porous matrix material used is 100-150kg / m³; In step S4.1, the sponge soil forming agent and water are mixed evenly in the sponge soil forming agent mixing and conveying tank to form a mixed viscous liquid. This mixture is then conveyed to the nozzle, where it is fully mixed with the long fiber mud mixture sprayed by the long fiber vortex pump at the nozzle through the sponge soil forming agent mixer. After the two are sprayed onto the slope, a complex hydrophobic and adhesive reaction occurs instantly, forming a sponge base layer. Then, a special pH adjuster spray gun is used to spray the pH adjuster in the sponge soil forming agent onto the freshly sprayed substrate. At this time, the slope substrate undergoes a complex adhesive and foaming reaction, forming a sponge substrate. The amount of sponge soil forming agent used is 1-3‰ of the weight of the porous matrix; Hydroseeding forms a subsurface layer 3-5 cm thick; The sponge-like matrix further constructs a three-dimensional network structure, which enhances the density of the sponge soil structure and the connection strength between each layer, and gives it excellent water retention and absorption properties, enabling long-term water storage and slow release, and providing a stable water environment for subsequent ecological restoration. S4.4, Surface layer (water-retaining and seedling-protecting layer) spraying construction: Mix fiber, porous matrix material and plant seeds within 3cm in the main mixing tank. The amount of fiber is 80-100kg / m³, and the amount of porous matrix material is 80-100kg / m³. The spraying intensity should be such that the surface material is evenly covered without damaging the underlying structure, forming a 1cm thick layer of plant seeds. After this layer of spraying, a protective mesh structure forms on the surface, which helps the soil retain and absorb water, prevents erosion, and provides a moist and protective environment for seed germination and early growth.

2. The fiber-reinforced sponge soil molding and spraying construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the early stages of construction, prepare fibers of different lengths (within 3cm, 3-5cm, 5-8cm, 8-10cm), wire mesh, metal anchors with a diameter of 12-14mm, planting sticks with a diameter of 8-10mm, porous substrate, sponge soil conditioner, and plant seeds. Equipment debugging: The long fiber vortex pump used has the functions of long fiber conveying and vortex spraying, ensuring that fibers of different lengths are evenly dispersed and can be accurately sprayed onto the preset slope according to the preset thickness; Calibrate nozzle range and force parameters; debug drilling equipment to ensure accurate laying layout of planting rods and anchor bolts; Measurement and layout: According to the design plan, the measurement and layout are completed on the slope to mark the wire mesh laying range, anchor fixing points, vegetation stick placement positions, water collection and vegetation hole installation areas, and control lines for the thickness of each layer of spraying, to ensure accurate construction positioning.

3. The fiber-reinforced sponge soil molding and spraying construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, during the pretreatment of steep slopes, a rock wall climbing drill is used to excavate a drainage ditch 8-10cm wide and 5-8cm deep at the marked water accumulation points to guide the accumulated water to the drainage system at the bottom of the slope, preventing water erosion of the slope. Water collection and vegetation holes are mainly arranged on smooth and steep rock walls with a slope greater than 60°. The water collection and vegetation holes are laid in an alternating manner to form a temporary water storage and drainage buffer structure. On steep slopes with a slope greater than 60°, vegetation sticks are laid every 1.5-2m. The vegetation sticks are 80-120cm long and are made of polyester fiber geotextile with a diameter of 8-10mm. They are filled with water-retaining sponge-like matrix on site, laid horizontally on the slope and tied to anchor nails or wire mesh.

4. The fiber-reinforced sponge soil molding and spraying construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the wire mesh is laid down along the slope from top to bottom, with an overlap width of not less than 10cm between adjacent mesh panels. The overlap is secured with wire every 20cm. Metal anchors with a diameter of 12-14mm are used to fix the wire mesh in a quincunx pattern with a spacing of 1.2-1.5m. The anchors are drilled into the slope to a depth of not less than 30cm. In steep areas, the anchor spacing is reduced to 0.8-1m. The wire mesh is fixed together with the vegetation sticks to ensure that it is flat and close to the slope. The distance between the outermost layer and the slope is controlled at 5-6cm.

5. The fiber-reinforced sponge soil molding and spraying construction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-retaining and seedling-protecting surface fiber is made of wood fiber or grass fiber, which is thoroughly mixed with plant seeds before spraying to ensure the seed germination and growth environment.

6. The fiber-reinforced sponge soil molding and spraying construction method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The porous matrix material is composed of 30%-50% organic matrix, 20%-40% inorganic mineral particles, 10%-20% water-retaining components, and 5%-10% nutrient additives by weight percentage.

7. The fiber-reinforced sponge soil molding and spraying construction method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: The sponge soil forming agent, by weight, is composed of the following components: organic polymer material: 20-50 parts; foaming agent: 20-40 parts; crosslinking agent: 10-30 parts; toughening agent: 1-40 parts, wherein the toughening agent is water-based latex; pH adjuster: 10-30 parts. Surfactant: 0.5-2 parts; Sponge soil forming agent is used as a binder to improve the adhesion and structural stability between fibers, porous matrix and soil particles.

8. The fiber-reinforced sponge soil molding and spraying construction method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that: Post-treatment maintenance and shaping include: Moisture management: After spraying, water regularly to keep the surface moist and avoid waterlogging or dry cracking. Structural inspection: During the maintenance period, regularly check the stability of wire mesh, anchor bolts, planting sticks, and fiber skeleton, check whether the water collection and planting holes are properly covered, and repair any damaged or loose parts in a timely manner to ensure that the fiber skeleton is fully integrated with all materials to form an overall stable sponge-like soil structure. Solidification guarantee: Ensure that the fiber skeleton is fully bonded, solidified and integrated with the soil, porous matrix and molding agent, and finally form a stable sponge-like porous soil structure.

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