Aviation fire extinguishing simulation method

Abstract

The invention relates to an aviation fire extinguishing simulation method, belongs to the technical field of aviation emergency rescue, and solves the technical problems that an aviation water fire extinguishing effect simulation method in the prior art is lack of systematicness and accuracy and cannot effectively guide resource deployment and strategic planning. According to the aviation rescue water-throwing fire extinguishing simulation method, multiple key factors such as aircraft types, fire types, meteorological conditions and geographical environments are integrated, and the actual efficiency of aviation fire extinguishing can be reflected more accurately.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aviation emergency rescue technology, specifically relating to an aviation fire extinguishing simulation method. Background Technology

[0002] Frequent forest fires pose a serious threat to human society, the economy, and the environment. Aerial firefighting, as a crucial means of combating forest fires, requires sophisticated methods for calculating its effectiveness. In the past, forestry bureaus lacked sufficient information on the performance and effectiveness of firefighting aircraft, and lacked comprehensive and systematic calculation methods. Existing research largely relies on assumptions or simple statistical analysis, failing to fully consider the numerous complex factors in actual firefighting operations, such as the differences in water delivery between different aircraft models, the interference of variable weather conditions on fire intensity and firefighting effectiveness, and the unique characteristics of various types of fires.

[0003] Insufficient information collection on the performance and mission effectiveness of aerial emergency rescue aircraft leads to an inability to accurately assess the actual role of aerial firefighting resources, hinders the rational allocation of aircraft resources based on different fire situations, reduces firefighting efficiency, and results in resource waste. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a scientific and systematic method for simulating the effective area of ​​aerial water-drop firefighting to assist in calculating firefighting effects in real-world cases. Summary of the Invention In view of the above problems, the present invention provides an aerial fire suppression simulation method, which solves the problems of lack of systematicity and accuracy, and inability to effectively guide resource deployment and strategic planning in the existing aerial water-dropping fire suppression effect simulation methods.

[0004] This invention provides an aviation fire suppression simulation method, the specific steps of which include: Step 1. Obtain details of the aircraft airdrop operation, tactical objectives, fire type, firefighting results, and fire environmental conditions; Step 2. Based on the details of the aircraft airdrop activity, tactical objectives, fire type, fire extinguishing results and fire environmental conditions obtained in Step 1, obtain the interaction percentage and success probability, and construct the effective fire extinguishing area coefficient model and the water drop area model of the aircraft. Step 3. Construct the corresponding geographical scene and meteorological environment under the simulated actual fire scenario. Based on the geographical scene, meteorological environment, Rothermel model and cellular automatic mechanism fire spread model, simulate the fire extinguishing process under various fire scenarios. Step 4. Based on data from actual aerial firefighting cases, initialize the fire scene and set the target area for aircraft water drop, water drop time window, task priority, and the locations of water sources and aircraft refueling points. Based on the firefighting process, fire type, and aircraft model under various fire scenarios simulated in Step 3, call the effective firefighting area coefficient model and aircraft water drop area model corresponding to the fire type and aircraft model in Step 2 to obtain the effective firefighting area and simulate the actual firefighting effect of each total water drop. Compare the actual firefighting effect of the total water drop with actual historical firefighting case data, calculate the error rate, and verify the accuracy of the effective firefighting area coefficient model and aircraft water drop area model. Obtain the final aerial rescue water drop firefighting simulation model. Step 5. Use the final air rescue water-dropping fire extinguishing simulation model to simulate air rescue water-dropping fire extinguishing.

[0005] Optionally, details of the airdrop operation include the aircraft model, aircraft performance parameters, water drop time and location; fire environmental conditions include geographical area and weather conditions; fire type includes fire size; and fire extinguishing results include the amount of water dropped, the total amount of water dropped, and the actual amount of water used to extinguish the fire after the water drop.

[0006] Optionally, the aircraft's performance parameters include flight speed, flight altitude, and water drop method; the geographical region includes geographical location, topography, and vegetation type.

[0007] Optionally, based on the fire type and fire suppression results obtained in step 1, the interaction percentage and success probability are obtained; based on the aircraft type, aircraft performance parameters and fire type obtained in step 1, an effective fire suppression area coefficient model for the aircraft is constructed; and combined with the water drop altitude and flight speed factors obtained in step 1, a water drop area model for the aircraft is constructed.

[0008] Optionally, in step 4, if the actual fire extinguishing effect of the simulated total water injection does not meet the error threshold with the error rate of the actual historical fire extinguishing case data, adjust the uncertainty interval in the effective fire extinguishing area coefficient model, return to step 2, and continue until the simulation results converge to obtain the final air rescue water injection fire extinguishing simulation model.

[0009] Optionally, the interaction percentage is the ratio of the amount of water injected to cover the total amount of water injected.

[0010] Alternatively, the success probability is the ratio of the actual amount of water used to extinguish the fire to the amount of water used to cover the fire.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: (1) The aviation fire suppression simulation method of the present invention integrates multiple key factors such as aircraft type, fire type, meteorological conditions and geographical environment, and can more accurately reflect the actual effectiveness of aviation fire suppression. For example, by analyzing in detail the percentage of interaction and success probability of different aircraft types in fires of different scales, the fire suppression effect is accurately quantified, avoiding the one-sidedness of previous assessments.

[0012] (2) The aviation fire extinguishing simulation method of the present invention provides a quantitative assessment of the performance of aircraft under various conditions, providing fire management personnel with a more reliable basis for decision-making. Firefighters can use this data to clearly understand the advantages and disadvantages of different aircraft in different fire scenarios, thereby making more scientific decisions.

[0013] (3) The aerial firefighting simulation method of the present invention, through in-depth summarization of aircraft usage patterns and performance characteristics, helps fire management personnel to rationally select and allocate aircraft resources according to different fire types and mission requirements. In the face of large fires that are fierce and spread rapidly, large firefighting aircraft with large water capacity and high flight speed can be given priority; while in areas with complex terrain and relatively small fires, helicopters with high flexibility are more suitable. This precise resource allocation method can avoid resource waste, greatly improve firefighting efficiency, and achieve optimal allocation of aerial firefighting resources.

[0014] (4) The aviation fire extinguishing simulation method of the present invention comprehensively collects aircraft performance and effectiveness information, constructs a scientific aviation water drop fire extinguishing simulation method, realizes accurate assessment of aviation fire extinguishing resources, provides reliable decision-making basis for fire management personnel, thereby improving the efficiency and effectiveness of aviation fire extinguishing, making rational use of resources, and reducing the losses caused by forest fires. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the aviation fire suppression simulation method of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of an aircraft dropping water.

[0018] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the percentage of interaction and success probability of different types of aircraft under a typical forest fire, illustrating the aerial firefighting simulation method of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 4 This is a graph showing the percentage of interaction and success probability of different types of aircraft in a large forest fire using the aerial firefighting simulation method of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 5This is a graph showing the percentage of interaction and success probability of different types of aircraft under major forest fires using the aerial firefighting simulation method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To better understand the above-described objectives, features, and advantages of the present invention, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments of the present invention and the features thereof can be combined with each other. Furthermore, the present invention can be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0022] A specific embodiment of the present invention, such as Figures 1-5 A simulation method for aerial firefighting is disclosed, the specific steps of which include: Step 1. Obtain details of the aircraft airdrop operation, tactical objectives, fire type, firefighting results, and fire environmental conditions.

[0023] Furthermore, details of the airdrop operation include the aircraft model, aircraft performance parameters, water drop time, water drop altitude, and water drop location; fire environmental conditions include geographical area and meteorological conditions.

[0024] Furthermore, the aircraft's performance parameters include flight speed, flight altitude, and water drop method.

[0025] Furthermore, the geographical region includes geographical location, topography (such as mountains, plains, and hills), and vegetation type (such as coniferous forests, broad-leaved forests, and mixed forests).

[0026] Furthermore, fire types include fire scale (general forest fires, relatively large forest fires, major and extremely large forest fires, etc.).

[0027] Furthermore, the fire extinguishing results include the amount of water used for coverage, the total amount of water used, and the actual amount of water used for extinguishing the fire after water was used.

[0028] Step 2. Based on the variables in Step 1, such as aircraft model, water drop altitude, water drop speed, fire type, and water drop results, obtain the interaction percentage and success probability; based on the variables in Step 1, such as aircraft model, aircraft performance parameters, and fire type, establish the effective fire suppression area coefficient model of the aircraft; combined with the variables in Step 1, such as water drop altitude and flight speed, construct the water drop area model of the aircraft.

[0029] Furthermore, the interaction percentage refers to the ratio of the water volume covered by the water to the total water volume deployed; the success probability is the ratio of the actual fire extinguishing water volume after deployment to the water volume covered by the water.

[0030] Furthermore, the effective fire suppression area coefficient C of the aircraft WThe expression is:

[0031]

[0032]

[0033]

[0034]

[0035] Where A, B, C, and D represent relevant parameters. The values ​​of these parameters vary depending on the type of fire and the aircraft model, as shown in Tables 1-3. Figures 3-5 ; It is a constant; An inverse proportional function representing the height of water drop; A direct proportional function representing the speed of water injection; A direct proportional function representing the height of water drop; An inverse proportional function representing the speed of water injection; , , , For adjustable constant parameters; H is the aircraft's drop height; V is the sum of flight speed and wind speed in the direction of aircraft travel; () indicates the percentage of interaction; () indicates the probability of success.

[0036] The aircraft types include small helicopters, medium helicopters, large helicopters, single-engine amphibious aircraft, twin-engine amphibious aircraft, single-engine firefighting aircraft, large firefighting aircraft, and super-large firefighting aircraft. Small helicopters refer to helicopters with a maximum takeoff weight of less than 2 tons; medium helicopters refer to helicopters with a maximum takeoff weight between 2 and 6 tons, capable of carrying 4 to 10 personnel and 1 to 3 tons of fire extinguishing agent; large helicopters refer to helicopters with a maximum takeoff weight of more than 6 tons, capable of carrying more personnel and a large amount of fire extinguishing equipment and fire extinguishing agent, with a water carrying capacity of 5 to 10 tons or even more; single-engine amphibious aircraft refer to aircraft powered by a single engine, capable of taking off and landing on both water and land, with a relatively small takeoff weight, usually between a few tons and a dozen tons; multi-engine amphibious aircraft refer to amphibious aircraft powered by two or more engines, with a takeoff weight generally reaching tens of tons, and a water carrying capacity usually reaching 5 to 15 tons or even more; single-engine firefighting aircraft refer to fixed-wing aircraft specifically designed for firefighting, powered by a single engine, with a takeoff weight generally between a few tons and a dozen tons, and a water carrying capacity usually between 1 and 5 tons. Large firefighting aircraft refer to those with a takeoff weight of several tens of tons or more, possessing a large capacity for carrying fire extinguishing agents and a long range; super-large firefighting aircraft refer to those converted from large transport aircraft or passenger planes, with a takeoff weight exceeding 100 tons and an extremely large capacity for carrying water or fire extinguishing agents, such as the "Super Firefighter 944" converted from a Boeing 747, which can carry up to 80 tons of water or fire retardant.

[0037] Furthermore, in general forest fires, the relevant parameters of the effective area coefficient model for different fire extinguishing aircraft are shown in Table 1 below.

[0038] Table 1. Values ​​of relevant parameters in the effective area coefficient model for aircraft fire suppression in general forest fires.

[0039] Furthermore, in larger forest fires, the relevant parameters of the effective area coefficient model for different fire extinguishing aircraft types are shown in Table 2 below.

[0040] Table 2. Values ​​of relevant parameters in the effective area coefficient model for aircraft firefighting in large forest fires.

[0041] Table 3 below shows the effective fire-fighting area coefficients for different aircraft models in major and catastrophic forest fires.

[0042] Table 3. Values ​​of relevant parameters in the effective area coefficient model for aircraft firefighting in major and catastrophic forest fires.

[0043] Furthermore, the expression for the aircraft's water surface area model is as follows:

[0044]

[0045]

[0046]

[0047]

[0048] in, R represents the water drop area of ​​the aircraft; R represents the width of the water drop strip of the aircraft; S0 is the area of ​​the water outlet. For correction factor ( ); The momentum ratio; U represents the crosswind speed at the outlet. L For export longitudinal velocity; Density of water; V represents air density; T represents the sum of flight speed and wind speed in the direction of aircraft travel; Q represents water drop time; flow represents water volume; and L represents the length of water drop from the aircraft. Figure 2 As shown.

[0049] Furthermore, regarding the uncertainty in the data, an "uncertainty interval" is set ( and The symbol “)” is used to indicate the range of possible results.

[0050] Step 3. Based on the simulated actual fire scenario built in the Unity simulation platform, construct the corresponding geographical scene and meteorological environment. Based on the geographical scene, meteorological environment, Rothermel model, and cellular automatic mechanism fire spread model, simulate the fire extinguishing process under various fire scenarios. This is used to accurately evaluate the capabilities of aircraft fire extinguishing equipment (i.e., aviation rescue water-dropping fire extinguishing simulation) through aircraft performance, aircraft fire extinguishing effective area coefficient model, and aircraft water drop area model, providing strong support for resource deployment and strategic planning.

[0051] Among them, aircraft performance includes various data such as aircraft speed and fuel consumption (the data is stored in a database and retrieved during calculation).

[0052] Specifically, a simulated real-world fire scenario for aerial water-dropping firefighting is built in Unity. Based on the different geographical regions, topography (mountains, plains, hills, etc.), vegetation types (coniferous forests, broad-leaved forests, mixed forests), and meteorological conditions (wind speed, wind direction, temperature, humidity, etc.) involved in the simulated real-world fire scenario, corresponding geographical scenes and meteorological environments are constructed. A flame spread model is built based on the Rothermel model and cellular automata to simulate the dynamic changes of the fire.

[0053] Furthermore, the expression for the fire spread model is:

[0054] Where Rs is the forest fire spread rate, in m / min; The intensity of the reaction in the flame zone, in kJ / min . m 2 ; For forest fire spread rate; This is the wind speed correction factor; This is the slope correction factor; The density of the combustible material is expressed in kg / m³. 3 ; The effective thermal coefficient; The amount of heat required to ignite a unit of combustible material, expressed in kJ / kg.

[0055] Step 4. Based on data from actual aerial firefighting cases, initialize the fire scene and set the target area for aircraft water drop, water drop time window, task priority, and the locations of water sources and aircraft refueling points. Based on the firefighting process, fire type, and aircraft model under various fire scenarios simulated in Step 3, call the corresponding fire type and aircraft model's effective firefighting area coefficient model and aircraft water drop area model to obtain the effective firefighting area and simulate the actual firefighting effect of total water drop for each case. Compare the actual firefighting effect of total water drop with actual historical firefighting case data, calculate the error rate, until the simulation results converge, and verify the accuracy of the effective firefighting area coefficient model and aircraft water drop area model. Obtain the final aerial rescue water drop firefighting simulation model.

[0056] Furthermore, if the simulated total water injection effect deviates significantly from actual historical firefighting case data, the uncertainty interval in the effective firefighting area coefficient model should be adjusted. To optimize the simulation accuracy, return to step 2 and continuously improve the accuracy and reliability of the model until the simulation results converge, obtaining the final simulation model of aerial rescue water-dropping firefighting. This allows for a more accurate prediction of the actual effect of aerial water-dropping firefighting and provides a more valuable reference for actual firefighting operations.

[0057] Furthermore, the effective fire extinguishing area = the effective fire extinguishing area coefficient C W×Aircraft drop area C S Step 5. Use the final air rescue water-dropping fire extinguishing simulation model to simulate air rescue water-dropping fire extinguishing.

[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aerial firefighting simulation method, characterized in that, The specific steps include: Step 1. Obtain details of the aircraft airdrop operation, tactical objectives, fire type, firefighting results, and fire environmental conditions; Step 2. Based on the details of the aircraft airdrop activity, tactical objectives, fire type, fire extinguishing results and fire environmental conditions obtained in Step 1, obtain the interaction percentage and success probability, and construct the effective fire extinguishing area coefficient model and the water drop area model of the aircraft. Step 3. Construct the corresponding geographical scene and meteorological environment under the simulated actual fire scenario. Based on the geographical scene, meteorological environment, Rothermel model and cellular automatic mechanism fire spread model, simulate the fire extinguishing process under various fire scenarios. Step 4. Based on data from actual aerial firefighting cases, initialize the fire scene and set the target area for aircraft water drop, water drop time window, task priority, and the locations of water sources and aircraft refueling points. Based on the firefighting process, fire type, and aircraft model under various fire scenarios simulated in Step 3, call the effective firefighting area coefficient model and aircraft water drop area model corresponding to the fire type and aircraft model in Step 2 to obtain the effective firefighting area and simulate the actual firefighting effect of each total water drop. Compare the actual firefighting effect of the total water drop with actual historical firefighting case data, calculate the error rate, and verify the accuracy of the effective firefighting area coefficient model and aircraft water drop area model. Obtain the final aerial rescue water drop firefighting simulation model. Step 5. Use the final air rescue water-dropping fire extinguishing simulation model to simulate air rescue water-dropping fire extinguishing.

2. The aviation fire suppression simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Details of the airdrop operation include the aircraft model, aircraft performance parameters, water drop time and location; fire environmental conditions include geographical area and weather conditions; fire type includes fire scale; and fire extinguishing results include the amount of water dropped, the total amount of water dropped, and the actual amount of water used to extinguish the fire after the drop.

3. The aviation fire suppression simulation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Aircraft performance parameters include flight speed, flight altitude, and water drop method; geographical region includes geographical location, topography, and vegetation type.

4. The aviation fire suppression simulation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, Based on the fire type and fire suppression results obtained in step 1, the interaction percentage and success probability are obtained; based on the aircraft type, aircraft performance parameters and fire type obtained in step 1, an effective fire suppression area coefficient model for the aircraft is constructed; combined with the water drop altitude and flight speed factors obtained in step 1, a water drop area model for the aircraft is constructed.

5. The aviation fire suppression simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 4, if the actual fire extinguishing effect of the simulated total water injection does not meet the error threshold with the error rate of the actual historical fire extinguishing case data, adjust the uncertainty interval in the fire extinguishing effective area coefficient model, return to step 2, and continue until the simulation results converge to obtain the final air rescue water injection fire extinguishing simulation model.

6. The aviation fire suppression simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The percentage of interaction is the ratio of the amount of water injected to cover the total amount of water injected.

7. The aviation fire suppression simulation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The success rate is the ratio of the actual amount of water used to extinguish the fire to the amount of water used to cover the fire.

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