High-power radio frequency window lightning arrester

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of broadcast transmitting equipment, and discloses a high-power radio frequency window lightning arrester which comprises a metal shell which is a hollow cavity made of a conductive material and serves as a grounding reference. The first radio frequency connector and the second radio frequency connector are respectively arranged at two ends of the metal shell; the central conductor penetrates through the interior of the metal shell, and the two ends of the central conductor are electrically connected with the inner conductors of the first radio frequency connector and the second radio frequency connector respectively to form a main transmission path of radio frequency signals; the insulating medium is filled between the central conductor and the metal shell; and a path separation unit. According to the high-power radio-frequency window lightning arrester, the path separation unit is arranged, so that the problem that the insertion loss of a radio-frequency signal is increased and the voltage standing-wave ratio is degraded to influence the transmission of the radio-frequency signal due to impedance mismatch of a main transmission path when a surge discharge path is introduced into an existing high-power radio-frequency window lightning arrester is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of broadcast transmission equipment technology, and in particular to a high-power radio frequency window lightning protection device. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, radio frequency communication systems, especially outdoor base stations, radar stations, and satellite ground stations, are vulnerable to lightning induction or direct lightning strikes in their antenna feeder systems. The transient overvoltages and overcurrents generated by lightning strikes can penetrate the system along the antenna feeder, causing permanent damage to high-value, sensitive electronic equipment such as power amplifiers, low-noise amplifiers, and transceivers. Therefore, installing lightning protection devices on the radio frequency feeder path is a necessary measure to ensure the safe and reliable operation of the system.

[0003] Currently, surge protection devices used in radio frequency (RF) windows consist of one or more surge protection components, such as gas discharge tubes, transient voltage suppressor diodes, or metal oxide varistors, connected in parallel between the main signal transmission path and ground. These components exhibit high impedance under normal operating voltages, but rapidly switch to low impedance when an overvoltage occurs, discharging the surge current to ground.

[0004] However, as communication technologies advance towards higher frequencies and higher power, the parasitic capacitances and inductances inherent in these protective components manifest as low-impedance parallel loads in the radio frequency (RF) operating band. The presence of these low-impedance parallel loads disrupts the impedance matching of the main RF transmission path, leading to RF signal reflection, which manifests as increased insertion loss and a deteriorated voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR). In high-power transmission systems, this energy reflection reduces transmission efficiency and affects RF signal transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-power radio frequency window surge protection device, which solves the problem that existing high-power radio frequency window surge protection devices, while introducing a surge discharge path, cause impedance mismatch in the main transmission path, resulting in increased insertion loss and deterioration of voltage standing wave ratio of radio frequency signals, thus affecting the transmission of radio frequency signals.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-power radio frequency window lightning protection device, comprising a metal shell, wherein the metal shell is a hollow cavity made of conductive material and serves as a grounding reference; a first radio frequency connector and a second radio frequency connector, respectively disposed at both ends of the metal shell; a central conductor, penetrating the interior of the metal shell, wherein its two ends are electrically connected to the inner conductors of the first radio frequency connector and the second radio frequency connector, respectively, forming the main transmission path of the radio frequency signal; an insulating medium, filling the space between the central conductor and the metal shell; and a path separation unit, wherein its first end is electrically connected to the central conductor and its second end is electrically connected to the metal shell.

[0007] The core innovation of this invention lies in the design of the path separation unit. The path separation unit utilizes its impedance differences for signals of different frequencies to achieve intelligent separation of signal paths. Specifically, the input impedance of the path separation unit is configured such that it presents an open circuit to the center conductor at the center frequency of the RF signal transmitted on the main transmission path; while at the low-frequency components contained in lightning surges, it presents a low-impedance discharge path to the center conductor.

[0008] When the radio frequency (RF) signal is transmitted along the center conductor, the RF signal energy is not diverted into the path separation unit because the path separation unit is in an open-circuit state at its connection point. Instead, it continues to be transmitted along the low-loss main transmission path, thus ensuring the RF transmission performance of the device. When a lightning surge intrudes into the center conductor, the path separation unit acts as a low-impedance path at the surge frequency. The high-amplitude surge current will preferentially be discharged through the path separation unit to the metal casing and then to the ground, effectively protecting the sensitive equipment connected to the back end.

[0009] In a preferred embodiment, the path separation unit is a short-circuited transmission line. The physical length of the transmission line is set to one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the radio frequency operating signal in the transmission line medium. The short-circuited transmission line presents infinite impedance (i.e., open circuit) to the center frequency signal at its input, while presenting low inductive reactance (i.e., low impedance path) to surge signals with frequencies much lower than the center frequency.

[0010] Furthermore, to compensate for the parasitic inductance and resistance present at the grounding terminal in the actual physical structure, the characteristic impedance of the short-circuit transmission line is optimized to be between 70 ohms and 90 ohms. Compared to the conventional 50-ohm design, the higher characteristic impedance can increase the input impedance value under poor grounding conditions, thereby further reducing interference to the RF operating signal and achieving lower insertion loss and voltage standing wave ratio. The short-circuit transmission line can be specifically implemented as a microstrip line structure attached to the surface of a dielectric substrate.

[0011] In another embodiment, the path separation unit is a high-frequency choke inductor. The inductance of the high-frequency choke inductor is selected such that it exhibits high inductive reactance (approximately open circuit) at the radio frequency operating frequency and low inductive reactance (approximately short circuit) in the low-frequency range of lightning surges. To ensure the isolation performance of the high-frequency choke inductor in the high-frequency range, the self-resonant frequency of the high-frequency choke inductor is set to be higher than the center frequency of the radio frequency operating signal.

[0012] To further enhance the protection capability and reliability of the device, this invention also includes the following technical features: a multi-stage coordinated surge protection circuit can be set on the discharge path of the path separation unit. This multi-stage coordinated surge protection circuit consists of a gas discharge tube and a transient voltage suppression diode connected in parallel. Utilizing the difference in response time and current capacity between the gas discharge tube and the transient voltage suppression diode, rapid clamping of the surge voltage and efficient discharge of the surge's main energy are achieved. The inner wall of the metal casing is machined with positioning grooves for positioning the insulating medium, ensuring the coaxial accuracy of the central conductor. The insulating medium can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which has low dielectric constant and low loss characteristics.

[0013] In summary, the present invention has at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0014] 1. This invention, through the setting of a path separation unit, presents the center conductor in an open-circuit state at the radio frequency operating frequency. The path separation unit is a quarter-wavelength short-circuit transmission line or a high-frequency choke inductor, which reduces the influence of the discharge branch when the radio frequency signal energy is transmitted along the main transmission path, thereby reducing the insertion loss and voltage standing wave ratio of the device, ensuring the transmission integrity of high-power radio frequency signals. This solves the problem that existing high-power radio frequency window surge protection devices, when introducing surge discharge paths, cause impedance mismatch in the main transmission path, leading to increased insertion loss and deteriorated voltage standing wave ratio of radio frequency signals, thus affecting the transmission of radio frequency signals.

[0015] 2. By setting up a path separation unit, the present invention enables the device to present a low-impedance discharge channel in the low-frequency band of lightning surges, thereby enabling high-amplitude surge currents to be quickly conducted to the metal casing and discharged to ground. By further integrating gas discharge tubes and transient voltage suppression diodes, the present invention can achieve graded discharge and voltage clamping of surge energy, thereby further improving the reliability of protection.

[0016] 3. This invention integrates all functional components, such as the center conductor, insulating medium, and path separation unit, into a metal casing to form an integrated lightning protection device. It not only has high mechanical strength and good environmental resistance, but also has standard radio frequency connectors at both ends, allowing direct connection to the existing feeder system via series connection without the need for electrical modifications to the system, thus simplifying installation and maintenance. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the central conductor in this invention;

[0019] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the metal casing in this invention.

[0020] Among them, 10 is a metal shell; 20 is a first radio frequency connector; 30 is a second radio frequency connector; 40 is a center conductor; 50 is an insulating medium; 60 is a path separation unit; 61 is a dielectric substrate; 62 is a microstrip line; 71 is a gas discharge tube; and 72 is a transient voltage suppression diode. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The following is in conjunction with the appendix Figure 1 - Appendix Figure 3 The present invention will be further described in detail below.

[0022] See attached document Figure 1 and appendix Figure 2 The present invention discloses a high-power radio frequency window lightning protection device, including a metal shell 10, a first radio frequency connector 20 and a second radio frequency connector 30 disposed at both ends of the metal shell 10, a central conductor 40 penetrating inside the metal shell 10, an insulating medium 50 filling the space between the central conductor 40 and the metal shell 10, and a path separation unit 60 disposed inside the metal shell 10.

[0023] The metal casing 10 is a hollow cavity made of conductive metal. It is integrally formed by precision CNC machining or die casting. The material can be brass, stainless steel, or aluminum alloy, which have excellent conductivity and mechanical strength. In this embodiment, silver-plated brass is preferred to reduce skin effect loss during high-frequency signal transmission due to silver's low resistivity and improve its resistance to environmental corrosion. Functionally, the metal casing 10 defines a closed electromagnetic shielding space and serves as the electrical grounding reference for the entire device. Its inner wall is machined with stepped surfaces or positioning slots for precisely fixing internal components, while its outer wall has a grounding terminal for connecting to an external grounding system. This grounding terminal can be a threaded hole, a welded plate, or a dedicated grounding stud.

[0024] Both the first RF connector 20 and the second RF connector 30 are standardized coaxial RF interfaces. Their specific types can be selected according to the application scenario, such as N-type, SMA-type, TNC-type, 7 / 16DIN-type, or 4.3-10-type. The outer conductor structure of the first RF connector 20 and the two ends of the metal housing 10 are mechanically and firmly fixed to each other and electrically with low impedance through threads, interference fit, or welding. In some cases, they can be integrally formed with the metal housing 10.

[0025] The center conductor 40 is rod-shaped or tubular and is arranged along the central axis of the metal housing 10. It is made of a material with high conductivity and high mechanical strength, such as beryllium copper, phosphor bronze, or silver-plated copper. The first end of the center conductor 40 is electrically connected to the inner conductor of the first RF connector 20, and the second end is electrically connected to the inner conductor of the second RF connector 30. This connection can be achieved through soldering, threaded locking, or elastic crimping. The center conductor 40 and the inner conductors of the two connectors together form the main transmission path within the device for transmitting RF signals.

[0026] The insulating dielectric 50 provides mechanical support and electrical insulation between the center conductor 40 and the metal housing 10. The insulating dielectric 50 may consist of one or more axially distributed annular or cylindrical supports. The insulating dielectric 50 is made of a material with low dielectric constant, low loss tangent, and high dielectric strength, such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), or ceramic. The insulating dielectric 50 precisely positions the center conductor 40 at the geometric center of the metal housing 10 to ensure that the main transmission path maintains a constant characteristic impedance (e.g., 50 ohms or 75 ohms) along its entire length.

[0027] The core of this invention lies in the design of the path separation unit 60. The first end of the path separation unit 60 is electrically connected to the center conductor 40, forming a T-shaped branch node; its second end is electrically connected to the metal casing 10, achieving grounding. The path separation unit 60 is configured to operate based on the principle of frequency-selective impedance transformation, aiming to provide a low-impedance discharge path to ground for low-frequency lightning surge currents without affecting the normal transmission of radio frequency signals on the main transmission path.

[0028] This principle is achieved by constructing a special transmission line structure. For a physical length of... Characteristic impedance is The terminal load impedance is The input impedance of a transmission line as seen from its input terminal. Follow the formula below:

[0029] ;

[0030] In the formula, This represents the input impedance as seen from the connection point between the path separation unit 60 and the center conductor 40 towards the path separation unit 60; The characteristic impedance of the path separation unit 60 is represented; This indicates the load impedance at the grounding terminal of the path separation unit 60; Represents the imaginary unit; Denotes the phase constant, and ,in The wavelength of the signal in the medium; This indicates the physical length of the path separation unit 60.

[0031] In this invention, the second terminal of the path separation unit 60 is directly short-circuited to ground, and ideally the terminal load impedance is... =0. (The rest of the text appears to be incomplete and requires further context.) Substituting 0 into the above formula, the input impedance is... The expression simplifies to:

[0032] ;

[0033] For radio frequency (RF) signals, let the center frequency of the RF signal that the device needs to transmit without loss be... Its corresponding wavelength in the path separation unit 60 medium is Physical length of path separation unit 60 It is precisely designed to be one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to this center frequency, that is:

[0034] ;

[0035] Under these specific conditions, the product of the phase constant and the physical length for:

[0036] ;

[0037] when When, the tangent function The value of approaches infinity. According to the simplified input impedance expression, the input impedance at this point... Theoretically, this impedance tends towards infinity. In circuit theory, this means that at the connection node between the center conductor 40 and the path separation unit 60, the path separation unit 60 is open-circuited to ground. According to the node analysis of the circuit, when the energy of the RF operating signal flows through this node, due to the infinite impedance of the branch path, the signal current will not be diverted into the path separation unit 60, but will continue to propagate entirely along the main path of the impedance-matched center conductor 40. As a result, the existence of the path separation unit 60 is invisible to the RF operating signal, thereby achieving extremely low insertion loss and excellent voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR).

[0038] Lightning surges are high-energy pulses, with their spectral energy primarily concentrated in the low-frequency band from DC to several megahertz (MHz). Let its main energy frequency component be... Because the frequency of lightning surges is much lower than the radio frequency operating frequency, i.e. The corresponding wavelength The physical length is much larger than that of the path separation unit 60. At this time, the electric length For a much smaller The minimum value satisfies the condition. .

[0039] When the angle value approaches 0, according to the Taylor series expansion, the tangent function can be approximated as its angle value itself, i.e. At this time, the input impedance The expression can be approximated as:

[0040] ;

[0041] In the formula, Let be the propagation speed of the electromagnetic wave in the medium of the path separation unit 60. This expression has the form: This indicates that at the lightning surge frequency, this quarter-wavelength structure is equivalent to a purely inductive element, and its equivalent inductance value is... for:

[0042] ;

[0043] Due to physical length The effective inductance is calculated from the fact that the length of the component itself is relatively short (typically on the order of centimeters). The value is very small (typically on the order of nanohenries). Therefore, in the context of low-frequency lightning surge signals, the input impedance of the path separation unit 60 is... It is an inductive reactance with an extremely low value. According to the current shunting principle of parallel circuits, when a high-amplitude lightning surge current reaches the branch node on the center conductor 40, the current will preferentially choose the path separation unit 60 with extremely low impedance as the discharge channel, and thus be guided to the metal casing 10 and finally discharged to the ground, instead of continuing to flow along the 50-ohm main transmission path to the protected sensitive equipment at the back end.

[0044] This embodiment is the optimal implementation of the core working principle, and its path separation unit 60 adopts a microstrip line 62 structure with distributed parameters.

[0045] See attached document Figure 1 and attached Figure 2 In this embodiment, the path separation unit 60 consists of a dielectric substrate 61 and microstrip lines 62 attached to its surface. The dielectric substrate 61 is made of RF circuit board material with stable dielectric constant and low loss characteristics, such as Rogers series substrate or polytetrafluoroethylene substrate. The dielectric substrate 61 is mounted to a flat area of ​​the inner wall of the metal housing 10 by means of conductive adhesive bonding or screw fastening, and the copper cladding layer at its bottom forms a large area of ​​low impedance electrical connection with the metal housing 10.

[0046] The microstrip line 62 is a conductor strip of a specific width and length formed on the surface of the dielectric substrate 61 using photolithography and chemical etching processes. The first end of the microstrip line 62 is electrically connected to the outer surface of the center conductor 40 via gold strip bonding, wire bonding, or flexible contacts. The second end of the microstrip line 62 is electrically connected to the copper layer at the bottom of the dielectric substrate 61 through one or more arrayed metallized vias, thereby achieving short-circuit grounding. The purpose of using multiple via arrays is to minimize the parasitic inductance of the grounding path. The physical length of the microstrip line 62... and width Based on the radio frequency operating center frequency Dielectric constant of dielectric substrate 61 and thickness and target characteristic impedance Determined through precise calculations.

[0047] In this embodiment, the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line 62 It is specially configured to withstand 70 to 90 ohms, instead of the 50 ohms used in the main path. The technical basis for this design is to compensate for non-ideal grounding conditions.

[0048] In the ideal model, the input impedance of a quarter-wavelength short-circuit stub is infinite. However, in actual physical structures, the parasitic resistance inherent in metallized vias, solder joints, and connectors is unavoidable. and parasitic inductance This leads to the impedance of the terminating load. It is not absolutely zero, but rather a tiny complex impedance. ,Right now At this time, the input impedance The simplified form of the complete impedance transformation formula should be used:

[0049] ;

[0050] As can be seen from the above formula, in When the input impedance is not zero, With characteristic impedance It is proportional to the square of.

[0051] If the traditional 50-ohm design is adopted ( Then the input impedance The calculated value is If the characteristic impedance is... Increased to 90 ohms ( Then the input impedance The calculated value is .

[0052] The comparison shows that, under the same parasitic grounding impedance Under these conditions, the input impedance of a 90-ohm design is more than three times that of a 50-ohm design. Higher input impedance means better isolation of RF operating signals and less energy shunted to the bypass stub, resulting in lower insertion loss and better voltage standing wave ratio in practical engineering products.

[0053] However, characteristic impedance There is also an upper limit to the improvement. For a given dielectric substrate 61, a higher characteristic impedance means a narrower microstrip line 62 width. Excessively narrow linewidths increase the DC resistance of the conductor, thereby increasing its heat loss during high-current surge discharge and reducing its power capacity and surge withstand capability. Therefore, 70 ohms to 90 ohms is an optimized range that strikes a balance between high-frequency isolation performance and high current carrying capacity.

[0054] Selection of insulating dielectric 50 and substrate material:

[0055] In this embodiment, both the insulating dielectric 50 and the dielectric substrate 61 are preferably made of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). Its technical advantages are:

[0056] First, the extremely low dielectric constant and stability over a wide bandwidth ensure the accuracy and consistency of the characteristic impedance of the coaxial main path and the 62 branches of the microstrip line.

[0057] Second, the extremely low loss tangent can minimize the heat dissipation of signal energy in the medium in high-power, high-frequency (e.g., GHz band) applications, thereby ensuring the low insertion loss characteristics of the device.

[0058] Third, it has excellent thermal stability and chemical inertness. It has a high melting point and can work stably in a wide temperature range of -200℃ to +260℃. It can withstand the heat generated by high-power radio frequency signal transmission and the instantaneous temperature rise impact of lightning surge.

[0059] This embodiment provides another technical solution for implementing the path separation function, wherein the path separation unit 60 adopts an inductor with lumped parameters.

[0060] In this embodiment, the path separation unit 60 is composed of a high-frequency choke inductor. This inductor can be an air-core coil wound with thick wire, or a magnetic core coil wound on a ferrite, ceramic, or other magnetic core material. The advantage of choosing an air-core coil is that it does not have magnetic saturation issues and provides better linear response to peak surge currents; the advantage of choosing a magnetic core coil is that the required inductance can be achieved within a smaller physical volume.

[0061] The high-frequency choke inductor is mounted inside the metal housing 10. Its first connection terminal is electrically connected to the center conductor 40 by welding or mechanical crimping; its second connection terminal is directly welded or fixed to the inner wall of the metal housing 10 by a low-inductance metal connecting piece to achieve grounding. To ensure the stability of the installation and high-frequency performance, the inductor can be mounted on a small ceramic substrate or a high-frequency PCB board, and then the substrate is fixed inside the metal housing.

[0062] A key design parameter is the self-resonant frequency (SRF) of the inductor. The inductor's own parasitic capacitance will resonate in parallel with its inductance. It is essential to ensure that its self-resonant frequency is significantly higher than the device's RF operating frequency. This is to avoid unexpected resonance within the operating frequency band, which could lead to abnormal impedance characteristics.

[0063] The working principle of this embodiment is based on the inductive reactance frequency characteristics of the inductor. The impedance of the inductor... (Mainly immune system) ) and its inductance and signal frequency Proportional:

[0064] ;

[0065] At radio frequency operating frequency Below: due to At high frequencies (MHz to GHz), even an inductor in the nanohenry (nH) range can exhibit high inductive reactance of hundreds or even thousands of ohms. This high impedance prevents radio frequency signals from flowing to ground through the inductor, thus achieving effective isolation of radio frequency signals.

[0066] Lightning surge frequency Below: due to At low frequencies (DC to MHz), the inductive reactance of a single inductor is extremely low, approximating a short circuit. Therefore, surge current will preferentially be discharged to ground through this low-impedance inductor path.

[0067] The following technical features can be used in combination with any of the above embodiments to further enhance the overall protection performance and engineering application value of the device.

[0068] See attached document Figure 3 To cope with lightning surges of different energy levels and waveforms and to provide more refined voltage clamping protection, a multi-stage synergistic surge protection circuit can be integrated into the discharge path of the path separation unit 60. This circuit typically includes a gas discharge tube 71 and a transient voltage suppression diode 72.

[0069] Circuit topology: The gas discharge tube 71 and the transient voltage suppression diode 72 are connected in parallel between the conductor of the path separation unit 60 and the metal casing 10. They can be mounted together on the dielectric substrate 61 carrying the microstrip line 62, near the ground terminal.

[0070] Initial response phase: When the surge voltage rises at an extremely high dV / dt rate, the transient voltage suppression diode 72, with a picosecond to nanosecond response speed, is the first to undergo avalanche breakdown and conduct. It rapidly clamps the voltage on the center conductor 40 to its specific clamping voltage. (For example, tens of volts) to prevent excessively high instantaneous voltage from damaging downstream equipment. During this stage, the gas discharge tube 71, which has a slow response speed (requiring tens to hundreds of nanoseconds of ionization time), is still in a high-resistivity state.

[0071] Energy transfer stage: After the transient voltage suppressor diode 72 turns on, it begins to discharge part of the surge current, but its current carrying capacity is limited. When the voltage across it is maintained at the clamping voltage... Furthermore, after the duration exceeds the ionization delay of the gas discharge tube 71, the inert gas inside the gas discharge tube 71 is broken down, forming an arc discharge, and its on-resistance drops sharply to the milliohm level.

[0072] Stable discharge phase: After the gas discharge tube 71 is turned on, its sustaining voltage (usually only around 20V) is much lower than the clamping voltage of the TVS. According to the parallel current splitting principle, the vast majority (over 99%) of the surge energy (up to tens of kiloamperes) will be discharged to ground through the gas discharge tube 71, which has extremely high current carrying capacity. This greatly reduces the burden on the transient voltage suppressor diode 72, preventing it from thermally failing due to overcurrent. During this stage, the transient voltage suppressor diode 72 remains conducting, precisely clamping the residual voltage after the gas discharge tube 71 discharges.

[0073] System recovery phase: After the surge ends, the current flowing through the gas discharge tube 71 drops below its arc-extinguishing current threshold, the arc is extinguished, and the gas discharge tube 71 returns to a high-impedance state. Subsequently, the circuit voltage drops further, and the transient voltage suppression diode 72 also exits the avalanche breakdown state and returns to a high-impedance state. The entire protection circuit automatically resets, without affecting normal radio frequency signal transmission.

[0074] The present invention adopts an integrated and modular packaging structure, pre-encapsulating all internal components (center conductor 40, insulating medium 50, path separation unit 60, surge protection component) in a robust metal shell 10 to form an independent, plug-and-play RF window surge protection device.

[0075] Robustness and Environmental Adaptability: The overall encapsulation structure boasts excellent mechanical strength, resisting vibration and impact. By using O-rings or conductive rubber gaskets at the connector interface and housing seams, IP67 or IP68 dust and water resistance ratings can be achieved, making it suitable for various harsh outdoor or industrial environments.

[0076] Thermal management design: The metal casing 10 itself is a heat sink. The heat generated by the center conductor 40 under high power, as well as the instantaneous high heat generated by the surge protection components when discharging energy, can be efficiently conducted to the metal casing 10 through the insulating medium 50 and the dielectric substrate 61, and dissipated into the surrounding environment, ensuring the power tolerance and long-term operational reliability of the device.

[0077] Engineering Application: In engineering practice, this device is directly connected to the RF feeder system as a series component. For example, in base station applications, it is connected in series between the transmitter / receiver port and the antenna feed cable. The installation process only requires tightening the RF connectors and grounding bolts at both ends, without any electrical modifications to the existing system. This greatly simplifies the installation, commissioning, and maintenance process, reduces deployment costs, and improves the overall reliability of the system.

Claims

1. A high-power radio frequency window lightning protection device, characterized in that, Includes a metal shell (10), which is a hollow cavity made of conductive material and serves as a grounding reference; The metal housing (10) is provided with a first radio frequency connector (20) and a second radio frequency connector (30) at both ends. A central conductor (40) is connected through the inside of the metal housing (10). The two ends of the central conductor (40) are electrically connected to the inner conductors of the first radio frequency connector (20) and the second radio frequency connector (30) respectively, forming the main transmission path of radio frequency signals. An insulating medium (50) is filled between the central conductor (40) and the metal housing (10). The metal casing (10) is provided with a path separation unit (60). The first end of the path separation unit (60) is electrically connected to the center conductor (40), and the second end is electrically connected to the metal casing (10). The path separation unit (60) presents an open circuit state to the center conductor (40) at the center frequency of the radio frequency working signal transmitted on the main transmission path, and presents a low impedance discharge channel to the center conductor (40) at the frequency of lightning surge.

2. The high-power radio frequency window lightning protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The path separation unit (60) is a short-circuit transmission line, and the physical length of the short-circuit transmission line is set to one-quarter of the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the radio frequency operating signal in the short-circuit transmission line.

3. A high-power radio frequency window lightning protection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The characteristic impedance of the short-circuit transmission line is configured to be between 70 ohms and 90 ohms.

4. A high-power radio frequency window lightning protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The inner wall of the metal casing (10) is fixedly connected to a dielectric substrate (61), and the short-circuit transmission line is a microstrip line (62), which is attached to the surface of the dielectric substrate (61).

5. A high-power radio frequency window lightning protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The path separation unit (60) is a high-frequency choke inductor.

6. A high-power radio frequency window lightning protection device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The self-resonant frequency of the high-frequency choke inductor is higher than the center frequency of the radio frequency operating signal.

7. A high-power radio frequency window lightning protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the metal casing (10) is machined with positioning slots for positioning the insulating medium (50).

8. A high-power radio frequency window lightning protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The insulating medium (50) is made of polytetrafluoroethylene.

9. A high-power radio frequency window lightning protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a multi-level coordinated surge protection circuit, which is disposed on the discharge path of the path separation unit (60).

10. A high-power radio frequency window lightning protection device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The multi-level collaborative surge protection circuit includes a gas discharge tube (71) and a transient voltage suppression diode (72), which are connected in parallel between the path separation unit (60) and the metal casing (10).

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