All-in-one machine for full-process film mulching and fertilization of orchard

Abstract

The invention discloses an orchard full-flow film mulching and fertilizing all-in-one machine, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery and comprises a driving assembly, a rack, a fertilizer box, a drip irrigation tape arrangement assembly, a ditching and soil covering assembly, a grass mowing assembly and a film mulching assembly. The driving assembly is a motor tricycle driving platform, the rack is arranged above the driving assembly, the fertilizer box is fixedly arranged above the rack, the fertilizer driving assembly is arranged at the bottom of the fertilizer box, the drip irrigation belt arrangement assembly is fixed above the rack through a drip irrigation belt cross beam support, and the ditching and soil covering assembly is fixed at the bottom of the rack. The grass mowing assembly is fixed to the front end of the advancing direction of the rack through a connecting rod. According to the orchard full-process film mulching and fertilizing all-in-one machine, integrated, continuous and synchronous completion of five core operations including weeding, ditching, fertilizing, drip irrigation tape laying and plastic film mulching is innovatively achieved, the efficiency bottleneck of traditional sectional operation is thoroughly broken through, the operation efficiency is remarkably improved, and low-cost operation of large-scale planting is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to an integrated machine for mulching and fertilizing throughout the entire orchard process. Background Technology

[0002] In the process of modern agricultural development, large-scale and intensive orchard management has become the mainstream trend, which places more stringent demands on improving the efficiency, optimizing costs, and standardizing the quality of field operations. Weeding, ditching, fertilizing, laying drip irrigation tape, and mulching are the core and key links in the daily management of orchards. They are characterized by strong cyclicality, high labor intensity, and high time consumption, and their operation results directly affect the growth of fruit trees and the final output benefits.

[0003] Currently, the five core operations mentioned above in orchards generally adopt a segmented and decentralized operation mode, requiring multiple specialized machines to operate in stages or manual assistance to complete: first, weeds are removed using weeders or manual tillage; then, fertilizer trenches are dug using ditching machines; followed by fertilizer application using fertilizer machines or manually; then, drip irrigation tape is laid and positioned separately; finally, mulching and soil covering are carried out. This decentralized operation mode has many prominent problems: on the one hand, the operation process is loosely connected and highly intermittent, resulting in a lengthy overall management cycle and difficulty in improving operational efficiency, which cannot meet the high-efficiency management needs of large-scale orchards; on the other hand, fruit farmers need to purchase or rent various specialized agricultural machinery such as weeders, ditching machines, fertilizer applicators, and mulching machines, which not only significantly increases the initial purchase cost of equipment and subsequent maintenance costs, but also, because each type of equipment has a single function and is only used in specific operation stages, it is idle most of the time, resulting in serious waste of resources and capital occupation. More importantly, multiple machines need to enter and exit the orchard multiple times to complete different tasks. Frequent agricultural machinery compaction can lead to soil compaction, damage to soil aggregate structure, and reduction of soil aeration and permeability. This, in turn, affects the extension, respiration and nutrient absorption of fruit tree roots. Long-term accumulation will directly lead to a decline in orchard yield and degradation of fruit quality.

[0004] Although some combined agricultural machinery has appeared on the market, such as ditching and fertilizing machines and mulching and covering machines, these devices can only achieve simple integration of two or three functions (such as ditching and fertilizing in conjunction with mulching and covering). They fail to cover the entire process of the five core operations: weeding, ditching, fertilizing, drip irrigation, and mulching. They cannot achieve continuous synchronous operation in one go, and there are still significant gaps in related technologies. In addition, existing combined equipment generally suffers from complex structural design, cumbersome parameter adjustment, and poor adaptability to orchard terrain (such as differences in slope and row spacing). In pursuit of functional integration, some equipment also suffers from drawbacks such as substandard quality of individual operations and reduced operational efficiency, making it difficult to meet the actual needs of high-quality management in large-scale orchards. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide an integrated orchard mulching and fertilization machine that innovatively achieves the continuous and synchronous completion of five core operations: weeding, ditching, fertilization, drip irrigation tape laying, and mulching, completely breaking through the efficiency bottleneck of traditional segmented operations. Through integrated functional design, it significantly shortens the orchard management cycle and substantially improves operational efficiency; simultaneously, it reduces the purchase and maintenance costs of specialized equipment, minimizes resource waste caused by equipment idleness, and achieves low-cost operation for large-scale planting.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an integrated orchard mulching and fertilization machine, comprising a drive assembly, a frame, a fertilizer tank, a drip irrigation tape arrangement assembly, a trenching and soil covering assembly, and a weeding assembly; the drive assembly is a three-wheeled motorcycle drive platform, the frame is mounted on top of the drive assembly, the fertilizer tank is fixedly mounted on top of the frame, the fertilizer drive assembly is mounted at the bottom of the fertilizer tank, the drip irrigation tape arrangement assembly is fixed to the top of the frame via a drip irrigation tape crossbeam bracket, the trenching and soil covering assembly is fixed to the bottom of the frame, and the weeding assembly is fixed to the front end of the frame in the direction of travel via a connecting rod.

[0007] Preferably, the fertilizer drive assembly includes a fertilizer conveying roller, one end of which is connected to the output end of a reducer, and the input end of the reducer is matched and connected to the output shaft of a gasoline engine. Both the reducer and the gasoline engine are fixed on the upper surface of the frame.

[0008] Preferably, the end of the fertilizer conveying roller away from the reducer is connected to the discharge port, which is perpendicular to the frame and points towards the ground.

[0009] Preferably, the drip irrigation tape arrangement assembly includes a drip irrigation tape disc, which is fixedly mounted above the vertical support of the drip irrigation tape via a central axis. The central axis of the drip irrigation tape disc limits the position of the drip irrigation tape disc, and the vertical support of the drip irrigation tape is fixed above the crossbeam support of the drip irrigation tape.

[0010] Preferably, the drip irrigation tape beam support is fixed to the frame by a drip irrigation tape fixing nut, and a drip irrigation tape guide wheel is provided below the drip irrigation tape beam support.

[0011] Preferably, the trenching and covering assembly includes a trencher, a connector is provided above the trencher, the connector connects and fixes the frame and the trencher by flower bolts, and the middle part of the trencher is connected to the discharge port through a fertilizer conveying pipe.

[0012] Preferably, a soil covering plate is provided on the rear side of the trencher, and the top of the soil covering plate is connected to the middle of the trencher through a connecting screw. A limiting spring is provided between the connecting screw and the trencher.

[0013] Preferably, the film laying assembly includes a film support frame, which is fixedly connected to the frame. The bottom of the film support frame is provided with a film rolling shaft, and the rear side of the film rolling shaft is provided with two parallel support wheels.

[0014] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned orchard full-process mulching and fertilization integrated machine, and the beneficial effects are as follows: This invention integrates five core operations: weeding, ditching, fertilization, drip irrigation tape laying, and mulching, achieving integrated, continuous, and synchronous completion. The entire process can be managed in a single operation, increasing efficiency by more than 60% compared to traditional segmented operations, significantly shortening the orchard management cycle, and substantially improving operational efficiency.

[0015] The three-wheeled motorcycle drive platform is compact and highly flexible, adaptable to the complex terrain and row spacing requirements of orchards. It eliminates the need to purchase multiple dedicated equipment, reducing equipment purchase and maintenance costs by 30-40%, minimizing resource waste caused by idle equipment, and enabling low-cost operation of large-scale planting.

[0016] With all the operating components working together, the agricultural machinery only needs to enter and exit the orchard once to complete all the work, avoiding the soil compaction problem caused by multiple compactions, protecting the soil aggregate structure, improving soil aeration and water permeability, which is conducive to the growth of fruit tree roots and nutrient absorption, and ensuring orchard yield and fruit quality.

[0017] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an embodiment of the orchard full-process mulching and fertilization integrated machine of the present invention from a certain perspective; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure from another perspective of an embodiment of the orchard full-process mulching and fertilization integrated machine of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a top view of an embodiment of the orchard full-process mulching and fertilization integrated machine of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fertilizer box structure of an embodiment of the orchard full-process mulching and fertilization integrated machine of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the drip irrigation tape arrangement component of an embodiment of the orchard full-process mulching and fertilization integrated machine of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the trenching and soil covering component of an embodiment of an orchard mulching and fertilization integrated machine according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure Labels 1. Drive assembly; 2. Frame; 3. Fertilizer bin; 301. Fertilizer conveying roller; 302. Discharge port; 4. Drip irrigation tape arrangement assembly; 401. Drip irrigation tape disc; 402. Drip irrigation tape disc central shaft; 403. Drip irrigation tape vertical support; 404. Drip irrigation tape fixing swivel nut; 405. Drip irrigation tape crossbeam support; 406. Drip irrigation tape guide wheel; 5. Trenching and soil covering assembly; 501. Connector; 502. Flower bolt; 503. Trench opener; 504. Limit spring; 505. Connecting screw; 506. Soil covering plate; 6. Grass trimming assembly; 7. Gasoline engine; 8. Reducer; 9. Support wheel; 10. Film roll shaft; 11. Mulch film; 12. Mulch film support. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this invention shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this invention do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0022] Example 1 like Figures 1-3 As shown, the present invention provides an integrated orchard mulching and fertilization machine, including a drive assembly 1, a frame 2, a fertilizer box 3, a drip irrigation tape arrangement assembly 4, a trenching and soil covering assembly 5, a grass cutting assembly 6, and a mulching assembly.

[0023] Drive component 1 is a three-wheeled motorcycle drive platform. This platform uses a 150cc gasoline engine as the main drive source, with a maximum output power of 7.5kW, a wheelbase of 1800mm, and a minimum ground clearance of 250mm, making it suitable for orchards with row spacing ≥2.5m. A frame 2 is welded and fixed on top of drive component 1. The frame 2 is made of rectangular steel pipes, with a length of 2200mm, a width of 800mm, and a height of 1000mm. The overall weight is ≤350kg, combining rigidity and lightweight characteristics.

[0024] A fertilizer bin 3 is fixedly installed above the frame 2. The fertilizer bin 3 is made of 304 stainless steel and has a volume of 0.8m³.3 The top is equipped with a flip-top fertilizer box lid with a sealing ring to prevent the fertilizer from getting damp or spilling during operation.

[0025] The bottom of fertilizer bin 3 is equipped with a fertilizer drive component, such as... Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the fertilizer drive assembly includes a spiral fertilizer conveying roller 301 with a diameter of 80mm and a length of 600mm. The surface is provided with spiral blades with a lead of 50mm. One end of the fertilizer conveying roller 301 is connected to the output end of a worm gear reducer 8 via a coupling. The reducer 8 is a WPA60 with a transmission ratio of 1:30. The input end of the reducer 8 is matched and connected to the output shaft of a 5.5kW gasoline engine 7 via a pulley. Both the reducer 8 and the gasoline engine 7 are fixed to the upper surface of the frame 2 with bolts.

[0026] The end of the fertilizer conveying roller 301 away from the reducer 8 is connected to the discharge port 302. The discharge port 302 is a cylindrical structure made of stainless steel with a diameter of 50mm. It is perpendicular to the frame 2 and points to the ground. The inner wall of the discharge port 302 is provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene anti-adhesion coating to prevent fertilizer from clumping and clogging.

[0027] like Figure 1 , Figure 5 As shown, the drip irrigation tape arrangement assembly is fixed above the frame 2 via the drip irrigation tape crossbeam bracket 405. The drip irrigation tape arrangement assembly includes a drip irrigation tape disc 401, a drip irrigation tape disc central shaft 402, a drip irrigation tape vertical bracket 403, a drip irrigation tape fixing rotating nut 404, and a drip irrigation tape guide wheel 406. The drip irrigation tape disc 401 has a diameter of 400mm and is made of ABS engineering plastic. It is fixed above the drip irrigation tape vertical bracket 403 via the drip irrigation tape disc central shaft 402. The drip irrigation tape disc central shaft 402 is equipped with a damping adjustment knob to adjust the release tension of the drip irrigation tape.

[0028] The vertical support 403 of the drip irrigation tape is 500mm high and is fixed above the horizontal support 405 of the drip irrigation tape with bolts. The horizontal support 405 of the drip irrigation tape is fixed to the frame by the drip irrigation tape fixing rotating nut 404, which can realize the horizontal angle ±15° adjustment to adapt to different row spacing requirements. The drip irrigation tape guide wheel 406 made of rubber with a diameter of 80mm is provided below the horizontal support 405 of the drip irrigation tape. The surface of the drip irrigation tape guide wheel 406 has anti-slip grooves to ensure that the drip irrigation tape is laid stably.

[0029] like Figure 2 , Figure 6 As shown, the trenching and covering assembly is fixed to the bottom of the frame 2, including trencher 503, connector 501, flower bolt 502, covering plate 506, connecting screw 505 and limit spring 504.

[0030] The trencher 503 has a pointed structure and is made of 65Mn spring steel. It has a trenching width of 30-50mm and an adjustable trenching depth of 0-25cm. A steel plate connector 501 is located on top of the trencher 503. The connector 501 connects and secures the frame 2 and the trencher 503 using M16 flower bolts 502. The flower bolts 502 are equipped with lock nuts for quick assembly / disassembly and height adjustment.

[0031] The middle part of the furrow opener 503 is connected to the discharge port 302 via a fertilizer conveying pipe (the fertilizer conveying pipe is not shown in the figure but is well known to those skilled in the art). The fertilizer conveying pipe is a flexible hose, 800mm in length and 50mm in diameter. An arc-shaped soil covering plate 506 made of stainless steel is provided on the rear side of the furrow opener 503. The top of the soil covering plate 506 is connected to the middle part of the furrow opener 503 via a connecting screw 505. The connecting screw 505 is 200mm long and can adjust the horizontal distance between the soil covering plate 506 and the furrow opener 503. A limiting spring 504 with an elastic coefficient of 2.0N / mm is provided between the connecting screw 505 and the furrow opener 503 to ensure that the soil covering plate 506 is in contact with the ground and the soil covering is uniform.

[0032] The mowing assembly 6 is fixed to the front end of the frame 2 in the direction of travel via a connecting rod. It includes a motor base, three 1.5kW DC geared motors, a mowing shaft, and mowing ropes. The connecting rods are rectangular steel pipes, 500mm long, and are rigidly connected to the frame via high-strength bolts. The motor base has three motor mounting slots arranged in an isosceles triangle pattern, with a slot spacing of 350mm to accommodate orchard row spacing requirements. The mowing motors are fixed in the motor slots, and the output shaft is connected to the mowing shaft via a coupling. A mowing rope fixing seat is located below the mowing shaft. The mowing ropes are made of nylon, with a diameter of 4mm and a rotation radius of 30cm. The three motors are driven independently to achieve a mowing width of 100cm, and the surface flatness error after mowing is ≤2cm.

[0033] like Figure 1 As shown, the film laying assembly includes a film support frame 12, which is fixedly connected to the frame 2. The film support frame 12 adopts an adjustable structure to accommodate film rolls with a width of 600-1000mm. A film winding shaft 10 is provided at the bottom of the film support frame 12, and a film winding roller is provided on the film winding shaft 10. The width of the film winding roller is 100mm. Two parallel support wheels 9 are provided on the rear side of the film winding shaft 10, which can be used to compact the film 11 covering the ground surface.

[0034] The specific work process is as follows: 1. Operation preparation: Drive the integrated machine of this invention to the starting position of the orchard operation, check the connection status of each component, add granular fertilizer into the fertilizer tank 3 to ensure that the fertilizer drive component works normally; install the appropriate width of the mulch film roll and drip irrigation tape, adjust the horizontal angle of the drip irrigation tape crossbeam support 405, the ditching depth of the furrow opener 503 and the height of the weed trimming component 6 to adapt to the current row spacing and soil conditions of the orchard.

[0035] 2. Start-up and operation: Start the main engine of drive component 1 and control the integrated machine to travel at a constant speed of 5km / h; at the same time, start the three DC geared motors of the grass cutting component 6, and the grass cutting rope rotates at high speed to cut and remove the weeds in front of the frame 2 to form a flat working path.

[0036] 3. Trenching and Fertilization: As the integrated machine moves forward, the trencher 503 cuts into the soil to form a fertilization trench; at the same time, the gasoline engine 7 of the fertilizer drive component is started, and the fertilizer conveying roller 301 is rotated through the reducer 8, so that the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 3 is evenly conveyed to the discharge port 302, and falls into the fertilization trench through the fertilizer conveying pipe to achieve precise fertilization.

[0037] 4. Drip irrigation tape laying: While fertilizing the furrow, the drip irrigation tape disc 401 slowly releases the drip irrigation tape under the control of the damping adjustment mechanism. The drip irrigation tape is guided by the drip irrigation tape guide wheel 406 and laid smoothly on the top of the fertilization furrow 503, and positioned synchronously with the fertilizer.

[0038] 5. Covering with soil and film: The soil covering plate 506 on the rear side of the trencher 503 covers the soil onto the fertilization trench and drip irrigation tape, completing the soil covering; then, the film rolling roller 10 of the film laying and soil shovel assembly moves forward with the integrated machine of the present invention to flatten the film 11 and cover the surface of the work area. At the same time, the support wheel 9 compacts the film 11 covering the ground surface, and the soil pressing shovels on both sides cut into the soil to compact and fix the edges of the film 11 to prevent the film from shifting or being blown away by the wind.

[0039] 6. Operation completed: After the integrated machine travels at a constant speed to the end of the operation, turn off all motors and engines, tidy up the remaining mulch film 11 and drip irrigation tape, and complete the single full-process operation.

[0040] Therefore, this invention employs the aforementioned integrated orchard mulching and fertilization machine, innovatively achieving the integrated, continuous, and synchronous completion of five core operations: weeding, ditching, fertilization, drip irrigation tape laying, and mulching, completely breaking through the efficiency bottleneck of traditional segmented operations. Through integrated functional design, it significantly shortens the orchard management cycle and substantially improves operational efficiency; simultaneously, it reduces the purchase and maintenance costs of specialized equipment, minimizes resource waste caused by equipment idleness, and achieves low-cost operation for large-scale planting.

[0041] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fully integrated orchard mulching and fertilization machine, characterized in that: The system includes a drive assembly, a frame, a fertilizer tank, a drip irrigation tape arrangement assembly, a trenching and soil covering assembly, a grass cutting assembly, and a mulch laying assembly. The drive assembly is a three-wheeled motorcycle drive platform. A frame is mounted on top of the drive assembly. A fertilizer tank is fixed on top of the frame. A fertilizer drive assembly is mounted at the bottom of the fertilizer tank. The drip irrigation tape arrangement assembly is fixed to the top of the frame via a drip irrigation tape crossbeam bracket. The trenching and soil covering assembly is fixed to the bottom of the frame. The grass cutting assembly is fixed to the front end of the frame in the direction of travel via a connecting rod.

2. The orchard full-process mulching and fertilization integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizer drive assembly includes a fertilizer conveying roller, one end of which is connected to the output end of a reducer, and the input end of the reducer is matched and connected to the output shaft of a gasoline engine. Both the reducer and the gasoline engine are fixed on the upper surface of the frame.

3. The orchard full-process mulching and fertilization integrated machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end of the fertilizer conveying roller away from the reducer is connected to the discharge port, which is perpendicular to the frame and points towards the ground.

4. The orchard full-process mulching and fertilization integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drip irrigation tape arrangement assembly includes a drip irrigation tape disc, which is fixedly mounted above the vertical support of the drip irrigation tape via a central axis. The central axis of the drip irrigation tape disc limits the position of the drip irrigation tape disc, and the vertical support of the drip irrigation tape is fixed above the crossbeam support of the drip irrigation tape.

5. The orchard full-process mulching and fertilization integrated machine according to claim 4, characterized in that: The drip irrigation tape beam support is fixed to the frame by a drip irrigation tape fixing nut, and a drip irrigation tape guide wheel is provided below the drip irrigation tape beam support.

6. The orchard full-process mulching and fertilization integrated machine according to claim 3, characterized in that, The trenching and covering assembly includes a trencher, with a connector on top of the trencher. The connector connects and fixes the frame and the trencher with flower bolts. The middle part of the trencher is connected to the discharge port through a fertilizer conveying pipe.

7. The orchard full-process mulching and fertilization integrated machine according to claim 6, characterized in that, The trencher is provided with a soil covering plate on its rear side. The top of the soil covering plate is connected to the middle of the trencher via a connecting screw. A limiting spring is provided between the connecting screw and the trencher.

8. The orchard full-process mulching and fertilization integrated machine according to claim 1, characterized in that, The film laying assembly includes a film support frame, which is fixedly connected to the frame. The bottom of the film support frame is provided with a film rolling shaft, and the rear side of the film rolling shaft is provided with two parallel support wheels.

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