Babylonia compound feed capable of being disintegrated in water and preparation method of babylonia compound feed
By preparing a water-disintegrating feed for the African whelk, the problems of water pollution and high feed conversion ratio caused by fresh fish were solved, achieving efficient African whelk farming and simplifying the operation process.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HAINAN XINWENCHENG INVESTMENT CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-28
AI Technical Summary
In the current farming of whelks, the use of frozen miscellaneous fish as feed leads to serious water pollution, high feed conversion ratio, and high risk of pathogens. Furthermore, high-temperature extruded feed destroys nutrients, while low-temperature feed is cumbersome to handle.
The feed for the water-disintegrating whelk is composed of fish paste, fish meal, flavor enhancers, binders, disintegration regulators, emulsifiers, etc. It is prepared by soaking in hot water at 60-70℃ and quick-freezing at low temperature to form easily disintegrating pellets, which are in line with the feeding habits of the whelk.
It reduces residual feed pollution, improves feeding efficiency, lowers the feed conversion ratio to 1.6-1.8, reduces residual feed rate to <5%, reduces ammonia nitrogen in water by 50-60%, achieves a survival rate of over 90%, and simplifies the operation process.
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to an aquaculture feed and its preparation method, particularly to a feed for the Oriental Wind Snail and its preparation method. Background Technology
[0002] Babylonia spp. is an important aquaculture species in the southern coastal areas of my country, prized for its delicious meat and high economic value. Currently, the main feed for Babylonia spp. in its later stages of aquaculture is chilled miscellaneous fish (such as mackerel and bluefin trevally). Feeding it chilled miscellaneous fish presents the following problems: 1. Severe water pollution: Fresh fish have high organic matter content, poor stability in water, and rapid decomposition of uneaten feed leads to excessive levels of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, blackening of the bottom sediment, frequent disease outbreaks, and a breeding success rate of only about 30%.
[0003] 2. High feed conversion ratio: The feed conversion ratio of frozen miscellaneous fish is as high as 2.5-3.0, resulting in low feed conversion rate and high breeding costs.
[0004] 3. High risk of pathogens: Fresh frozen miscellaneous fish carry pathogens such as Vibrio, and improper thawing or spoilage can easily cause disease in snails.
[0005] To reduce the risks associated with farming frozen miscellaneous fish, both high-temperature extruded feed and low-temperature feed are currently being used. High-temperature extruded feed is produced using a high-temperature extrusion process (100-130℃), which has some effect, but the high temperature easily destroys heat-sensitive nutrients, and the large particle hardness does not fully match the feeding habits of snails. Low-temperature feed often requires pre-soaking in water to soften it, which is cumbersome, and the soaking time and water temperature are difficult to control precisely, affecting the feeding effect. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a water-disintegrating compound feed for the snail that conforms to the feeding habits of the snail, minimizes residual feed pollution, does not require pre-soaking in water, and is convenient to use, as well as its preparation method.
[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: A water-disintegrating feed for the whelk is composed of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 30-40 parts fish paste; 20-30 parts fish meal; 5-15 parts flavor enhancer; 5-8 parts binder; 1-3 parts disintegration regulator; 1-1.5 parts emulsifier; 0.1-0.2 parts attractant; 0.01-0.02 parts antioxidant; and 6.58-13.48 parts nutritional supplement.
[0008] Fish paste is the core palatable protein, selected from fresh saltwater fish, and can be any proportion of one or more fish pastes such as mackerel, bluefin tuna, and sardines. Fish meal is used to supplement protein. Flavor enhancers are any proportion of one or more pulverized pastes of fresh oysters, mussels, clams, and squid (chilled or live). Wheat flour is the binder, acting as a binder to hold the various materials together; too low a concentration (<5 parts) will result in poor particle formation, while too high a concentration (>8 parts) will cause slow disintegration. Tapioca starch is the disintegration regulator, controlling the disintegration rate; it absorbs water and swells upon contact with water, breaking down the particle structure. Soy lecithin is the emulsifier, betaine is the palatability enhancer, and vitamin E is the antioxidant.
[0009] The nutritional supplement is composed of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 2-4 parts kelp powder; 1-3 parts brewer's yeast; 2-4 parts fish oil; 1-1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.3-0.5 parts multivitamins; 0.2-0.3 parts organic trace element premix; 0.05-0.1 parts chitosan oligosaccharide; and 0.03-0.08 parts β-glucan. Kelp powder enhances immunity, brewer's yeast regulates microecological balance and supplements active enzymes, fish oil supplements EPA / DHA, calcium dihydrogen phosphate supplements phosphorus and calcium, multivitamins are nutritionally fortified, organic trace element premix supplements trace elements, and chitosan oligosaccharide and β-glucan are immune enhancers.
[0010] The organic trace element premix consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-6 parts copper sulfate; 11-15 parts zinc methionine; 5-9 parts manganese sulfate; and 0.6-0.8 parts sodium selenite. Copper sulfate promotes SOD enzyme activity, zinc methionine supplements zinc and methionine, manganese sulfate enhances immunity, and sodium selenite increases weight gain.
[0011] The preparation method of the above-mentioned water-disintegrating type of Rana salina compound feed is as follows: S1. Preparation of raw materials: Fish paste: Fresh seawater fish is deboned and minced using a meat grinder to obtain fish paste. Fish paste should be used immediately after preparation. If storage is required, it should be stored in a cold storage at -18℃.
[0012] Flavor enhancer: Fresh oysters, mussels, clams, or squid of any proportion or in any ratio are cleaned, shelled, drained, and then ground into a paste using a blender to obtain the flavor enhancer. The flavor enhancer should be used immediately after preparation. If storage is required, it should be stored in a cold storage at -18℃.
[0013] S2, Light heat treatment: Soak the minced fish in hot water at 60-70℃ for 10-15 minutes, stirring occasionally. Immediately after soaking, remove and cool to below 10℃ with cold water, then drain. Soaking in 60-70℃ hot water kills pathogens such as Vibrio, while the low-temperature process preserves heat-sensitive nutrients, reducing the risk of disease from the source.
[0014] S3, chopping and emulsifying: S3.1: Put the above-mentioned weight of heat-treated fish paste into a chopper and chop for 2-3 minutes.
[0015] S3.2: Add the above-mentioned weight of fish meal and flavor enhancer into a chopper and chop for 2-3 minutes.
[0016] S3.3: Add the above-mentioned parts by weight of emulsifier, palatability enhancer, antioxidant, and nutritional supplement into the chopper and chop for 1-2 minutes.
[0017] S3.4: Add the above-mentioned parts by weight of binder and disintegration modifier to a chopper and chop for 1-2 minutes until the materials are evenly mixed and begin to gel. The binder is added last to prevent excessive gelatinization and maintain disintegration properties.
[0018] Throughout the entire chopping and emulsification process, the material temperature is controlled to be ≤10℃.
[0019] S4: Molding and Granulation: The chopped and emulsified material is fed into a wet feed pellet mill to produce pellets with a diameter of 8-12mm and a length of 10-15mm.
[0020] S5: Quick-freeze setting: The pellets are immediately placed in a quick-freezing chamber at -30°C or below and quick-frozen for 2-4 hours until the core temperature reaches below -18°C. This step uses a low-temperature quick-freezing process to form an ice crystal skeleton structure. After thawing, the ice crystals melt, and the pellets naturally disintegrate.
[0021] S6: Packaging and Storage: The quick-frozen and shaped pellets are packaged into small bags according to weight to obtain compound feed, which is then stored in a -18℃ cold storage.
[0022] Based on experience and experiments in raising African whelks, if the feed dissolves in water for less than 5 minutes, the whelks will not have enough time to feed and the uneaten food will pollute the water. If the feed dissolves in water for 5-15 minutes, the whelks have ample time to feed, resulting in very little uneaten food. If the feed dissolves in water for 15-30 minutes, the feeding time is slightly longer. If the feed dissolves in water for more than 30 minutes, the pellets become too hard, making feeding difficult and easily leading to the accumulation of uneaten food, which will pollute the water.
[0023] The compound feed of this invention does not require pre-soaking in water before feeding, simplifying the operation process and making it suitable for large-scale farms. The compound feed disintegrates into a mud-like consistency within 5-15 minutes after being added to water. The disintegrated particles are uniform and have no hard core, conforming to the feeding habits of the East Wind Snail. The feeding method is as follows: (1) Take the feed out of the cold storage 10-30 minutes before feeding.
[0024] (2) Place in a cool and ventilated place to warm up naturally (10-15 minutes in summer, 20-30 minutes in winter).
[0025] (3) When the surface of the granules is slightly soft, spread them evenly throughout the entire pool.
[0026] (4) The feed will naturally disintegrate into mud within 5-15 minutes after being put into the water, providing food for the snails; (5) The food is consumed within 30-45 minutes after feeding, and the uneaten feed rate is less than 5%.
[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: By optimizing the ratio of wheat flour, cassava starch, and other components, and employing a mild heat treatment process involving soaking in hot water at 60-70℃, combined with a low-temperature quick-freezing process, the feed pellets naturally disintegrate into a mud-like state within 5-15 minutes after being placed in water. The disintegrated pellets are uniform and have no hard core. This characteristic aligns with the feeding behavior of snails, which rely on their sense of smell to forage. The feeding efficiency is high, and the feed can be completed within 30-45 minutes, achieving a feed conversion ratio of 1.6-1.8, a residual feed rate of <5%, and a survival rate of over 90%. Compared to feeding with frozen miscellaneous fish, the amount of ammonia nitrogen produced in the water by residual feed is reduced by 50-60%, making it suitable for large-scale promotion and application. Detailed Implementation Example 1
[0028] Raw material composition: 34 parts mackerel mince, 26 parts fish meal, 10 parts squid paste, 6.5 parts wheat flour, 1.5 parts tapioca starch, 2.5 parts kelp powder, 2.5 parts brewer's yeast, 2.5 parts fish oil, 1.5 parts soybean lecithin, 1.2 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 parts compound vitamins (Sixinjie brand aquatic compound multivitamins, the same in the following examples), 0.25 parts organic trace element premix, 0.08 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.05 parts β-glucan, 0.15 parts betaine, and 0.015 parts vitamin E. Among them, the proportions of each component in the organic trace element premix are: 5 parts copper sulfate, 15 parts zinc methionine, 6 parts manganese sulfate, and 0.7 parts sodium selenite.
[0029] The raw materials for this application are widely available, and there are no special requirements for the principle and processing. They can be purchased directly from the market, as long as they meet the standards for aquaculture.
[0030] After being prepared into pelleted compound feed according to the above method, the feed was tested and found to contain 42.3% crude protein, 8.6% crude fat, and 72% moisture (wet basis).
[0031] Water disintegration test: After being taken out of the -18℃ cold storage and warmed up for 15 minutes, it was put into seawater at 25℃. It completely disintegrated into mud in 8 minutes. The particles after disintegration were uniform and had no hard core.
[0032] Aquaculture effect test: Test site: 13㎡ pond, 20,000 seedlings, 30-day test in the later stage of growth: feeding was completed 35 minutes after feeding, uneaten feed rate <3%, no dead snails or abnormal floating, bottom sand was kept clean, no black sand appeared, average daily weight gain was 0.055g, feed conversion ratio was 1.72.
[0033] The preparation method of the above-mentioned water-disintegrating type of Rana salina compound feed is as follows: S1. Preparation of raw materials: Fish paste: The mackerel is deboned and de-skewered, and then minced into a paste using a meat grinder to obtain mackerel fish paste.
[0034] Flavor enhancer: After cleaning and draining the frozen squid, it is pulverized into a paste using a pulping machine to obtain the flavor enhancer.
[0035] S2, Light heat treatment: Soak the mackerel meat in hot water at 60-70℃ for 10-15 minutes, then immediately cool it down to below 10℃ with cold water and drain. Soaking in hot water at 60-70℃ kills pathogens such as Vibrio, while the low-temperature process preserves heat-sensitive nutrients, reducing the risk of disease from the source.
[0036] S3, chopping and emulsifying: S3.1: Put the heat-treated mackerel mince of the above weight into a chopper and chop for 2-3 minutes.
[0037] S3.2: Add the above-mentioned weight of fish meal and flavor enhancer into a chopper and chop for 2-3 minutes.
[0038] S3.3: Add the above-mentioned parts by weight of emulsifier, palatability enhancer, antioxidant and nutritional supplement into the chopper and chop for 1-2 minutes; S3.4: Add the above-mentioned parts by weight of binder and disintegration modifier into a chopper and chop for 1-2 minutes until the materials are mixed evenly and gelatinize; the binder is added last to prevent excessive gelatinization and maintain disintegration characteristics.
[0039] In this chopping and emulsifying step, the material temperature is controlled to be ≤10℃.
[0040] S4: Molding and Granulation: The chopped and emulsified material is fed into a wet feed pellet mill to produce pellets with a diameter of 8-12mm and a length of 10-15mm.
[0041] S5: Quick-freeze setting: The pellets are immediately placed in a quick-freezing chamber at -30°C or below and quick-frozen for 2-4 hours until the core temperature reaches below -18°C. This step uses a low-temperature quick-freezing process to form an ice crystal skeleton structure. After thawing, the ice crystals melt, and the pellets naturally disintegrate.
[0042] S6: Packaging and Storage: The quick-frozen and shaped pellets are packaged into small bags according to weight to obtain compound feed, which is then stored in a -18℃ cold storage.
[0043] In the method of this application, there are no strict requirements for each parameter. In this embodiment and subsequent embodiments, it is sufficient to meet the above parameter range. Example 2
[0044] Raw material composition: 36 parts blue trevally minced meat, 24 parts fish meal, 8 parts oyster paste, 7 parts wheat flour, 2 parts tapioca starch, 3 parts kelp powder, 2 parts brewer's yeast, 2.5 parts fish oil, 1.5 parts soybean lecithin, 1.2 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.4 parts compound vitamins, 0.25 parts organic trace element premix, 0.06 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.04 parts β-glucan, 0.12 parts betaine, and 0.015 parts vitamin E. The disintegration time in water is about 10 minutes, and it has good palatability. Among them, the proportions of each component in the organic trace element premix are: 6 parts copper sulfate, 11 parts zinc methionine, 9 parts manganese sulfate, and 0.8 parts sodium selenite. Example 3
[0045] Raw material composition: 40 parts sardine mince, 20 parts fish meal, 5 parts clam paste, 8 parts wheat flour, 3 parts tapioca starch, 4 parts kelp powder, 3 parts brewer's yeast, 4 parts fish oil, 1 part soybean lecithin, 1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts compound vitamins, 0.3 parts organic trace element premix, 0.1 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.08 parts β-glucan, 0.2 parts betaine, and 0.02 parts vitamin E. Among them, the proportions of each component in the organic trace element premix are: 6 parts copper sulfate, 15 parts zinc methionine, 9 parts manganese sulfate, and 0.8 parts sodium selenite. Example 4
[0046] Raw material composition: 15 parts mackerel mince, 15 parts sardine mince, 30 parts fish meal, 10 parts mussel paste, 5 parts oyster paste, 8 parts wheat flour, 1 part tapioca starch, 2 parts kelp powder, 1 part brewer's yeast, 2 parts fish oil, 1 part soybean lecithin, 1 part calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3 parts compound vitamins, 0.2 parts organic trace element premix, 0.05 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.03 parts β-glucan, 0.1 parts betaine, and 0.01 parts vitamin E. Among them, the proportions of each component in the organic trace element premix are: 5 parts copper sulfate, 12 parts zinc methionine, 5 parts manganese sulfate, and 0.6 parts sodium selenite. Example 5
[0047] Raw material composition: 15 parts mackerel mince, 20 parts blue trevally mince, 25 parts fish meal, 12 parts mussel paste, 6 parts wheat flour, 2 parts tapioca starch, 3 parts kelp powder, 2 parts brewer's yeast, 3 parts fish oil, 1.5 parts soybean lecithin, 1.2 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.3 parts compound vitamins, 0.2 parts organic trace element premix, 0.07 parts chitosan oligosaccharide, 0.04 parts β-glucan, 0.15 parts betaine, and 0.015 parts vitamin E. Among them, the proportions of each component in the organic trace element premix are: 5 parts copper sulfate, 13 parts zinc methionine, 8 parts manganese sulfate, and 0.7 parts sodium selenite.
[0048] Comparative Example 1 (Excess Starch): The remaining ingredients are the same as in Example 1, except that the wheat flour is increased to 10 parts and the tapioca starch is increased to 4 parts. After testing, the disintegration time in water is >30 minutes, the particles are relatively hard, the feeding time is extended to more than 60 minutes, and the residual feed rate is >8%.
[0049] Comparative Example 2 (starch deficiency): The remaining ingredients are the same as in Example 1, except that the wheat flour is reduced to 4 parts and the tapioca starch is reduced to 0.5 parts. After testing, the disintegration time in water is <3 minutes, the particles dissolve too early, the residual feed rate is >12%, and the water quality is obviously polluted.
[0050] Comparative Example 3 (Frozen Mixed Fish): According to the aquaculture effect test in Example 1, when traditional frozen mackerel mince was fed, the feed conversion ratio was about 2.8 and the uneaten feed rate was about 20%. After 30 days of aquaculture, the bottom of the pond turned black and the ammonia nitrogen increased.
[0051] Through experiments, the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of feeding with fresh fish was 2.5-3.0, while that of feeding with the formulated feed of this invention was 1.6-1.8. The uneaten feed rate of feeding with fresh fish was 15-20%, while that of feeding with the formulated feed of this invention was <5%. In terms of the impact of uneaten feed on water quality, compared with feeding with fresh fish, the ammonia nitrogen production in the water quality was reduced by 50-60% when feeding with the formulated feed of this invention.
[0052] The above embodiments do not limit the scope of protection of this invention. All equivalent modifications and variations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the overall concept of this invention are still within the scope of this invention.
Claims
1. A water-disintegrating compound feed for the snail *Bambusa multiplex*, characterized in that... It is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts fish paste; 20-30 parts fish meal; 5-15 parts flavor enhancer; 5-8 parts binder; 1-3 parts disintegration regulator; 1-1.5 parts emulsifier; 0.1-0.2 parts palatability enhancer; 0.01-0.02 parts antioxidant; 6.58-13.48 parts nutritional supplement. The resulting compound feed is in pellet form and does not need to be soaked in water before feeding. It disintegrates into a paste within 5-15 minutes after being placed in water.
2. The water-disintegrating type of *Rana salina* compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that... The binding modifier is wheat flour.
3. The water-disintegrating type of *Gnaphalium affine* compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that... The disintegration regulator is cassava starch.
4. The water-disintegrating type of *Rana salina* compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that... The emulsifier is soybean lecithin.
5. The water-disintegrating type of *Rana salina* compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that... The palatability enhancer is betaine.
6. The water-disintegrating type of *Rana salina* compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that... The antioxidant is vitamin E.
7. The water-disintegrating type of *Rana salina* compound feed according to claim 1, characterized in that... The nutritional supplement is composed of the following ingredients in parts by weight: 2-4 parts kelp powder; 1-3 parts brewer's yeast; 2-4 parts fish oil; 1-1.5 parts calcium dihydrogen phosphate; 0.3-0.5 parts compound vitamins; 0.2-0.3 parts organic trace element premix; 0.05-0.1 parts chitosan oligosaccharide; and 0.03-0.08 parts β-glucan.
8. The water-disintegrating type of *Gnaphalium affine* compound feed according to claim 7, characterized in that... The organic trace element premix is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 4-6 parts copper sulfate; 11-15 parts zinc methionine; 5-9 parts manganese sulfate; and 0.6-0.8 parts sodium selenite.
9. A method for preparing a water-disintegrating compound feed for *Rana salina* as described in any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that... The method is as follows: S1. Preparation of raw materials: Fish paste: Fresh seawater fish is deboned and minced using a meat grinder to obtain fish paste; Flavor enhancer: After shelling and draining one or more types of scallops or squid in any proportion, the scallops or squid are crushed into a paste using a pulping machine to obtain the flavor enhancer. S2, Light heat treatment: Soak the minced fish in hot water at 60-70℃ for 10-15 minutes, then immediately cool it down to below 10℃ with cold water and drain. S3, chopping and emulsifying: S3.1: Put the above-mentioned weight of heat-treated fish paste into a chopper and chop for 2-3 minutes; S3.2: Add the above-mentioned weight proportions of fish meal and flavor enhancer into a chopper and chop for 2-3 minutes; S3.3: Add the above-mentioned parts by weight of emulsifier, palatability enhancer, antioxidant and nutritional supplement into the chopper and chop for 1-2 minutes; S3.4: Add the above-mentioned parts by weight of binder and disintegration modifier into a chopper and chop for 1-2 minutes until the materials are evenly mixed and begin to stick. In this chopping and emulsifying step, the material temperature is controlled to be ≤10℃; S4: Molding and Granulation: The chopped and emulsified material is fed into a wet feed pellet mill to produce pellets with a diameter of 8-12mm and a length of 10-15mm. S5: Quick-freeze setting: Immediately transfer the granular material to a quick-freezing warehouse at -30°C or below and quick-freeze for 2-4 hours until the core temperature drops to below -18°C. S6: Packaging and Storage The quick-frozen and shaped pellets are packaged into small bags according to weight to obtain compound feed, which is then stored in a cold storage at -18℃ or below.