Organic waste gas purification photoelectric treatment equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of photoelectric waste gas treatment equipment, and discloses organic waste gas purification photoelectric treatment equipment which comprises an outer shell, a photocatalyst part arranged in a vortex-shaped structure is fixedly installed in the middle of an inner cavity of the outer shell, and ultraviolet lamps are arranged on the opposite inner side faces of the photocatalyst part. A photocatalyst coating is arranged on the opposite outer side face of the outer shell, a cleaning assembly is arranged at the top of an inner cavity of the outer shell, a linkage assembly is arranged at the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell, and the linkage assembly is communicated with the outermost side of the photocatalyst part. According to the organic waste gas purification photoelectric treatment equipment, due to the arrangement of a photocatalyst part and a structure on the photocatalyst part, waste gas entering the photocatalyst part can only circulate along a vortex-shaped track of the photocatalyst part, so that the contact time of strong oxidizing substances on the photocatalyst part and organic pollutants in the waste gas is effectively prolonged; and the collision impact strength between the waste gas and strong oxidizing substances in the circulation process is effectively enhanced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of photoelectric waste gas treatment equipment technology, and in particular to a photoelectric treatment equipment for purifying organic waste gas. Background Technology

[0002] Formaldehyde, as a volatile organic compound, has a wide range of applications in industries such as petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, textiles, and biochemicals (it can be used as a disinfectant and preservative, and can also be used to prepare various products such as phenolic resin and urea-formaldehyde resin). However, formaldehyde is also a toxic gas that can seriously endanger human health. Therefore, in order to avoid the hazards caused by formaldehyde gas leakage during the industrial production of formaldehyde, it is necessary to recover and purify the gas produced during the formaldehyde production process. Photovoltaic waste gas treatment is one of the important technical means to purify volatile organic compounds, including photoelectrocatalytic oxidation: using high-energy ultraviolet light to irradiate and excite the catalyst (titanium dioxide) and generate strong oxidizing substances with oxygen in the air, thereby realizing the oxidative degradation of organic compounds in waste gas and generating pollution-free products such as carbon dioxide and water. However, in actual use, existing photoelectric waste gas treatment equipment suffers from low efficiency and poor performance in oxidizing and degrading organic pollutants in waste gas due to the large amount of waste gas entering the equipment. Furthermore, as the photoelectric waste gas treatment equipment proceeds with the oxidative degradation of organic pollutants, carbon deposits form on the catalyst surface, which severely affects the irradiation and excitation of the catalyst by high-energy ultraviolet light and the generation of strong oxidants on it, further reducing its oxidative degradation efficiency, stability, and reliability.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a photocatalytic component for use in photoelectric waste gas treatment equipment to solve the defects of the existing photoelectric waste gas treatment equipment in actual operation. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application proposes an organic waste gas purification photoelectric treatment device, which effectively prolongs the contact time between organic pollutants and strong oxidants in the waste gas, and does not reduce the yield of strong oxidants on the catalyst surface due to carbon deposition, thus achieving high oxidative degradation efficiency for organic pollutants. This addresses the problem that existing photoelectric waste gas treatment devices, in actual use, struggle to achieve sufficient contact and reaction between organic pollutants and strong oxidants as large amounts of waste gas are introduced, resulting in a continuous process flow and low efficiency in oxidizing and degrading organic pollutants in the waste gas. Furthermore, as the photoelectric waste gas treatment device proceeds with the oxidative degradation reaction of organic pollutants, carbon deposits form on the catalyst surface, severely affecting the excitation of the catalyst by high-energy ultraviolet light and the generation of strong oxidants on it.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solution: an organic waste gas purification photoelectric treatment device, comprising a housing fixedly installed inside the photoelectric treatment device by bolts, wherein a photocatalyst element arranged in a vortex structure is fixedly installed in the middle of the inner cavity of the housing, ultraviolet lamps are provided on opposite inner surfaces of the photocatalyst element, and a photocatalyst coating is provided on opposite outer surfaces. When the photoelectric treatment device is in operation, the ultraviolet lamps arranged on opposite inner surfaces of the photocatalyst element are turned on and irradiate the photocatalyst coating on opposite outer surfaces of the photocatalyst element, thereby generating strong oxidizing substances in the inner cavity of the vortex structure of the photocatalyst element, and thus oxidizing the incoming waste gas. The pollutants are oxidized and degraded within the device. A cleaning component connected to an external exhaust gas pipeline system is located at the top of the inner cavity of the outer shell and at the top of the inner cavity of the photocatalyst. The interior of the cleaning component is connected to a connecting groove on the innermost side of the photocatalyst, thereby transporting exhaust gas into the inner cavity of the photocatalyst through the cleaning component. At the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell and at the bottom of the inner cavity of the photocatalyst, a linkage component connected to an external pipeline is located. The linkage component is connected to the outermost side of the photocatalyst, thereby transporting the oxidized and degraded gas out through the linkage component, forming a continuous process flow. Meanwhile, under the action of the cleaning and linkage components, the upper and lower ends of the photocatalyst can be sealed, so that the exhaust gas entering it can only flow along the vortex trajectory of the photocatalyst. This effectively prolongs the contact time between the strong oxidizing substances on it and the organic pollutants in the exhaust gas. Furthermore, due to the vortex structure of the photocatalyst, the collision and impact intensity between the exhaust gas and the strong oxidizing substances during the flow process is effectively enhanced, making it highly efficient and effective in oxidizing and degrading organic pollutants in the exhaust gas.

[0006] Furthermore, the linkage component includes a lower end cover that is movably fitted onto the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell, and the bottom end of the lower end cover is provided with a second elastic element that is elastically connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell. A sealing block is fixedly installed on the top end of the lower end cover, which cooperates with and slides in frictional contact with the vortex structure photocatalyst. The sealing block is configured such that when the lower end cover moves downward, the bottom end of the photocatalyst is always in a relatively sealed state. The bottom outermost part of the photocatalyst has a first through groove that communicates with its inner cavity, and the bottom of the outer surface of the lower end cover has a second through groove that communicates with its inner cavity and cooperates with the first through groove. Initially, under the elastic force of the second elastic element, the first through groove and the second through groove are interconnected.

[0007] Furthermore, initially, the gas output when the first and second channels are connected is less than the gas input through the input pipe. As a result, during the process of inputting waste gas into the inner cavity of the photocatalyst, due to the gas flow rate, a certain amount of waste gas will continuously remain in the inner cavity of the photocatalyst, forcing the lower end cap to move downward, causing the first and second channels to be offset from each other and forming a seal on the photocatalyst. When the photoelectric processing equipment is running normally, the gas input through the input pipe is adjusted to keep it in balance with the gas output when the first and second channels are connected.

[0008] Furthermore, an electromagnetic device is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell, and forms a transmission connection with a magnet fixedly installed at the bottom of the lower end cover. When the electromagnetic device generates the same magnetic pole, under the action of like poles repulsion, it forces the lower end cover to overcome the exhaust gas pressure in the inner cavity of the photocatalyst and move upward to reconnect the first channel and the second channel to discharge the exhaust gas after oxidation and degradation treatment.

[0009] Furthermore, the cleaning assembly includes an upper end cover movably fitted onto the top of the inner cavity of the outer casing, and the top of the upper end cover is provided with a first elastic element that is elastically connected to the top of the inner cavity of the outer casing. An input pipe is fixedly installed on the top of the upper end cover, connecting to the top of the outer casing and communicating with an external exhaust gas pipeline system. The inner cavity of the upper end cover is provided with a scraper that cooperates with and slides in frictional contact with the vortex-structured photocatalyst element. Furthermore, when the waste gas is no longer continuously supplied into the inner cavity of the photocatalyst, as the gas pressure in the inner cavity of the photocatalyst decreases, under the elastic force of the first elastic element, the upper end cover and the scraper on it can be forced to move downward and scrape off the carbon deposits in the inner wall of the photocatalyst. At the same time, under the elastic force of the second elastic element, the first and second channels are in a state of mutual communication. During the downward movement of the scraper, the remaining waste gas after oxidation and degradation in the inner cavity of the photocatalyst can be discharged. When waste gas is continuously supplied into the inner cavity of the photocatalyst, a certain amount of waste gas will remain in the inner cavity due to the gas flow rate. This forces the lower end cover to move downward, causing the first and second channels to be staggered and forming a seal on the photocatalyst. At the same time, it forces the upper end cover and its scraper to move upward, creating a space of appropriate size in the photocatalyst to oxidize and degrade the waste gas that enters it. This forms a continuous process flow and further improves its efficiency in oxidizing and degrading organic pollutants in the waste gas.

[0010] Furthermore, a linkage rod is slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer casing, and a set of protrusions facing inward are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the linkage rod. A pressure switch that cooperates with the protrusion at the lower end of the linkage rod is provided at the bottom of the electromagnetic device. The pressure switch and the electromagnetic device are electrically connected. Thus, when the upper cover moves upward, it can drive the linkage rod to move upward as well, until the protrusion at its lower end makes squeezing contact with the pressure switch at the bottom of the electromagnetic device, thereby automatically triggering the electromagnetic device.

[0011] Furthermore, an output pipe that communicates with the second through groove is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the lower end cover, and the bottom end of the output pipe is movably connected to an exhaust pipe fixedly installed at the bottom of the electromagnetic device. The bottom end of the exhaust pipe is connected to an external pipe, so that the waste gas after oxidation and degradation can be collected in one place and transported to the next processing process through the exhaust pipe.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The photoelectric treatment equipment for purifying organic waste gas provided in this application, with the arrangement of the photocatalyst and its structure, ensures that the waste gas entering it can only flow along the vortex trajectory of the photocatalyst, thereby effectively prolonging the contact time between the strong oxidizing substances on it and the organic pollutants in the waste gas. Furthermore, due to the arrangement of the vortex structure of the photocatalyst, the collision and impact intensity between the waste gas and the strong oxidizing substances during the flow process is effectively enhanced, resulting in high efficiency and good effect in oxidizing and degrading organic pollutants in the waste gas.

[0013] 2. The photoelectric treatment equipment for purifying organic waste gas provided in this application, regarding the arrangement of the cleaning component, the linkage component and the linkage structure thereon, when the waste gas is no longer continuously supplied into the inner cavity of the photocatalyst, as the gas pressure in the inner cavity of the photocatalyst decreases, under the elastic force of the first elastic element, the upper end cover and the scraper thereon can be forced to move downward and scrape off the carbon deposits in the inner wall of the photocatalyst. When the waste gas is continuously supplied into the inner cavity of the photocatalyst, a space of a corresponding size can be formed in the photocatalyst to oxidize and degrade the waste gas that enters it, and a continuous process flow is formed, which further improves its oxidative degradation efficiency for organic pollutants in the waste gas. Attached Figure Description

[0014] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the outer shell and its structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning component and its structure according to the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the linkage component and its structure according to the present invention; Figure 5 This is a front view of the structure of the present invention; Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 Sectional view at point AA; Figure 7 For the present invention Figure 5 Sectional view at point BB.

[0015] In the figure: 1-outer shell, 2-photocatalyst component, 3-electromagnetic device, 4-cleaning component, 5-first elastic component, 6-upper end cover, 7-input pipe, 8-scraper, 9-linkage component, 10-second elastic component, 11-lower end cover, 12-sealing block, 13-output pipe, 14-connecting groove, 15-linkage rod, 16-exhaust pipe, 17-first through groove, 18-second through groove. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, an organic waste gas purification photoelectric treatment device includes a housing 1 that is fixedly installed inside the photoelectric treatment device by bolts, such as... Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, a photocatalyst 2 arranged in a spiral structure is fixedly installed in the middle of the inner cavity of the outer casing 1. Ultraviolet lamps are provided on the opposite inner surfaces of the photocatalyst 2, while a photocatalyst coating is provided on its opposite outer surfaces. When the photoelectric processing equipment operates, the ultraviolet lamps arranged on the opposite inner surfaces of the photocatalyst 2 are turned on, irradiating the photocatalyst coating on the opposite outer surfaces of the photocatalyst 2. This generates a strong oxidizing substance within the spiral structure of the photocatalyst 2, oxidizing and degrading any contaminants that enter it. The top of the inner cavity of the outer casing 1, located at the photocatalyst 2... The top of the inner cavity is provided with a cleaning component 4 that is connected to the external exhaust gas pipeline system. The interior of the cleaning component 4 is connected to the connecting groove 14 opened on the innermost side of the photocatalyst 2. The exhaust gas is then transported to the inner cavity of the photocatalyst 2 through the cleaning component 4. At the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell 1 and at the bottom of the inner cavity of the photocatalyst 2, a linkage component 9 is provided that is connected to the external pipeline. The linkage component 9 is connected to the outermost side of the photocatalyst 2. The gas after oxidation and degradation can be transported out through the linkage component 9, and a continuous process flow can be formed. Meanwhile, under the action of the cleaning component 4 and the linkage component 9, the upper and lower ends of the photocatalyst component 2 can be sealed, so that the exhaust gas entering it can only flow along the vortex trajectory of the photocatalyst component 2, thereby effectively prolonging the contact time between the strong oxidizing substances on it and the organic pollutants in the exhaust gas. Furthermore, due to the setting of the vortex structure of the photocatalyst component 2, the collision and impact intensity between the exhaust gas and the strong oxidizing substances during the flow process is effectively enhanced, making it more efficient and effective in oxidizing and degrading organic pollutants in the exhaust gas.

[0018] like Figure 1 , Figure 4 As shown, in this technical solution, the linkage component 9 includes a lower end cover 11 movably sleeved on the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell 1, and the bottom end of the lower end cover 11 is provided with a second elastic element 10 elastically connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell 1. A sealing block 12 is fixedly installed on the top end of the lower end cover 11, which cooperates with and slides in frictional contact with the vortex-structured photocatalyst 2. The sealing block 12 ensures that when the lower end cover 11 moves downwards, the bottom end of the photocatalyst 2 remains in a relatively sealed state. Figure 7 As shown, the bottom outermost part of the photocatalyst 2 has a first through groove 17 that connects to its inner cavity, while the bottom of the outer surface of the lower end cover 11 has a second through groove 18 that connects to its inner cavity and cooperates with the first through groove 17. Initially, under the elastic force of the second elastic member 10, the first through groove 17 and the second through groove 18 are connected to each other.

[0019] In this technical solution, initially, the gas output when the first channel 17 and the second channel 18 are connected is less than the gas input of the input pipe 7. As a result, during the process of inputting waste gas into the inner cavity of the photocatalyst 2, due to the gas flow rate, a certain amount of waste gas will continuously remain in the inner cavity of the photocatalyst 2, forcing the lower end cover 11 to move downward, so that the first channel 17 and the second channel 18 are staggered and form a seal for the photocatalyst 2. When the photoelectric processing equipment is running normally, the gas input in the input pipe 7 is adjusted to keep it in balance with the gas output when the first channel 17 and the second channel 18 are connected.

[0020] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 as well as Figure 7 As shown, in this technical solution, an electromagnetic device 3 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell 1, and forms a transmission connection with a magnet fixedly installed at the bottom of the lower end cover 11. When the electromagnetic device 3 generates the same magnetic pole, under the action of like poles repulsion, it forces the lower end cover 11 to overcome the exhaust gas pressure in the inner cavity of the photocatalyst 2 and move upward to reconnect the first channel 17 and the second channel 18 to discharge the exhaust gas after oxidation and degradation treatment.

[0021] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 as well as Figure 7 As shown, in this technical solution, the cleaning component 4 includes an upper end cover 6 that is movably sleeved on the top of the inner cavity of the outer shell 1. The top of the upper end cover 6 is provided with a first elastic element 5 that is elastically connected to the top of the inner cavity of the outer shell 1. An input pipe 7 that connects to the top of the outer shell 1 and is connected to an external exhaust gas pipeline system is fixedly installed on the top of the upper end cover 6. The inner cavity of the upper end cover 6 is provided with a scraper 8 that cooperates with and slides in frictional contact with the vortex structure photocatalyst 2. Furthermore, when the waste gas is no longer continuously supplied into the inner cavity of the photocatalyst 2, as the gas pressure in the inner cavity of the photocatalyst 2 decreases, under the elastic force of the first elastic member 5, the upper end cover 6 and the scraper 8 on it can be forced to move downward and scrape off the carbon deposits in the inner wall of the photocatalyst 2. At the same time, under the elastic force of the second elastic member 10, the first through groove 17 and the second through groove 18 are in a state of mutual communication. During the downward movement of the scraper 8, the remaining waste gas after oxidation and degradation in the inner cavity of the photocatalyst 2 can be discharged. When waste gas is continuously supplied to the inner cavity of the photocatalyst 2, due to the gas flow rate, a certain amount of waste gas will continuously remain in the inner cavity of the photocatalyst 2, which will force the lower end cover 11 to move downward, so that the first channel 17 and the second channel 18 are staggered to form a seal for the photocatalyst 2. At the same time, it forces the upper end cover 6 and the scraper 8 on it to move upward, forming a space of a corresponding size in the photocatalyst 2 to oxidize and degrade the waste gas that enters it, and forming a continuous process flow, which further improves its oxidation and degradation efficiency for organic pollutants in waste gas.

[0022] like Figures 1-3 As shown, in this technical solution, a linkage rod 15 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer shell 1, and a set of protrusions facing inward are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the linkage rod 15. A pressure switch that cooperates with the lower protrusion of the linkage rod 15 is provided at the bottom of the electromagnetic device 3. An electrical connection is formed between the pressure switch and the electromagnetic device 3. Thus, when the upper cover 6 moves upward, it can drive the linkage rod 15 to move upward as well, until the lower protrusion of the linkage rod 15 makes contact with the pressure switch at the bottom of the electromagnetic device 3, thereby automatically triggering the electromagnetic device 3.

[0023] like Figure 2 , Figure 4 as well as Figure 7 As shown, in this technical solution, an output pipe 13 that communicates with the second through groove 18 is fixedly installed on the outer surface of the lower end cover 11, and the bottom end of the output pipe 13 is movably connected to the exhaust pipe 16 that is fixedly installed at the bottom of the electromagnetic device 3. The bottom end of the exhaust pipe 16 is connected to the external pipe, so that the waste gas after oxidation and degradation can be collected in one place and transported to the next processing process through the exhaust pipe 16.

[0024] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. An organic waste gas purification photoelectric treatment device, comprising a housing (1), characterized in that: A photocatalyst element (2) arranged in a vortex structure is fixedly installed in the middle of the inner cavity of the outer shell (1). An ultraviolet lamp is provided on the opposite inner side of the photocatalyst element (2), and a photocatalyst coating is provided on its opposite outer side. When the photoelectric processing equipment is working, the ultraviolet lamps arranged on the opposite inner side of the photocatalyst element (2) are turned on and irradiated onto the photocatalyst coating on the opposite outer side of the photocatalyst element (2). A cleaning component (4) connected to an external exhaust gas pipeline system is provided at the top of the inner cavity of the outer shell (1) and at the top of the inner cavity of the photocatalyst element (2). The interior of the cleaning component (4) is connected to the connecting groove (14) opened on the innermost side of the photocatalyst element (2). A linkage component (9) connected to an external pipeline is provided at the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell (1) and at the bottom of the inner cavity of the photocatalyst element (2). The linkage component (9) is connected to the outermost side of the photocatalyst element (2).

2. The photoelectric treatment equipment for purifying organic waste gas according to claim 1, characterized in that, The linkage component (9) includes a lower end cover (11) that is movably sleeved on the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell (1). The bottom end of the lower end cover (11) is provided with a second elastic element (10) that is elastically connected to the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell (1). A sealing block (12) that cooperates with and slides and rubs against the vortex structure photocatalyst (2) is fixedly installed on the top of the lower end cover (11). The bottom of the outermost part of the photocatalyst (2) is provided with a first through groove (17) that communicates with its inner cavity. The bottom of the outer surface of the lower end cover (11) is provided with a second through groove (18) that communicates with its inner cavity and cooperates with the first through groove (17). Initially, under the elastic force of the second elastic element (10), the first through groove (17) and the second through groove (18) are interconnected.

3. The photoelectric treatment equipment for purifying organic waste gas according to claim 2, characterized in that, Initially, the gas output when the first channel (17) and the second channel (18) are connected is less than the gas input of the input pipe (7). As a result, during the process of inputting waste gas into the inner cavity of the photocatalyst (2), due to the gas flow rate, a certain amount of waste gas will continuously remain in the inner cavity of the photocatalyst (2), and force the lower end cover (11) to move downward, so that the first channel (17) and the second channel (18) are staggered to form a seal for the photocatalyst (2). When the photoelectric processing equipment is running normally, the gas input in the input pipe (7) is adjusted to keep it in balance with the gas output when the first channel (17) and the second channel (18) are connected.

4. The photoelectric treatment equipment for purifying organic waste gas according to claim 3, characterized in that, An electromagnetic device (3) is fixedly installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the outer shell (1) and forms a transmission connection with a magnet fixedly installed at the bottom of the lower end cover (11). When the electromagnetic device (3) generates the same magnetic pole, under the action of like poles repulsion, the lower end cover (11) is forced to move upward against the exhaust gas pressure in the inner cavity of the photocatalyst (2) to reconnect the first channel (17) and the second channel (18).

5. The photoelectric treatment equipment for purifying organic waste gas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The cleaning component (4) includes an upper end cover (6) that is movably sleeved on the top of the inner cavity of the outer shell (1), and the top end of the upper end cover (6) is provided with a first elastic element (5) that is elastically connected to the top of the inner cavity of the outer shell (1). The top end of the upper end cover (6) is fixedly installed with an input pipe (7) that connects to the top of the outer shell (1) and is connected to the external exhaust gas pipeline system. The inner cavity of the upper end cover (6) is provided with a scraper (8) that cooperates with and slides and rubs against the vortex structure photocatalyst (2).

6. The photoelectric treatment equipment for purifying organic waste gas according to claim 4, characterized in that, A linkage rod (15) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the outer shell (1), and a set of protrusions facing inward are provided at the upper and lower ends of the linkage rod (15). A pressure switch that cooperates with the protrusion at the lower end of the linkage rod (15) is provided at the bottom of the electromagnetic device (3). An electrical connection is formed between the pressure switch and the electromagnetic device (3).

7. The photoelectric treatment equipment for purifying organic waste gas according to claim 4, characterized in that, The outer surface of the lower end cover (11) is fixedly installed with an output pipe (13) that communicates with the second through groove (18), and the bottom end of the output pipe (13) is movably connected to the exhaust pipe (16) fixedly installed at the bottom end of the electromagnetic device (3), and the bottom end of the exhaust pipe (16) is connected to the external pipe.

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