Efficient laboratory waste gas purification system based on rotational flow precooling and gradient spraying

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of waste gas purification, in particular to a laboratory waste gas efficient purification system based on rotational flow pre-cooling and gradient spraying, which comprises a purification tower, a rotational flow pre-cooling unit and a gradient spraying unit are arranged in the purification tower, the rotational flow pre-cooling unit is used for efficiently cooling waste gas and centrifugally removing impurities, and the gradient spraying unit is used for carrying out multi-stage purification treatment on the waste gas. The rotational flow pre-cooling unit comprises a conical spiral pipe, and the inner wall of the conical spiral pipe is fixedly connected with a plurality of sets of spiral flow guide ribs. The variable-diameter conical spiral pipe, the spiral flow guide ribs and the vortex-shaped cooling water cooperate to guide waste gas to form strong rotational flow, the heat exchange path is prolonged, the high temperature is rapidly and stably reduced, and meanwhile particulate matter is centrifugally separated and collected; then, through a three-stage conical gas hopper and a conical dispersion seat, the chemicals are centrifugally dispersed into a mist spraying layer, waste gas diffusion is assisted to improve the gas-liquid contact efficiency, multiple chemicals are used for treating acid-base gas, volatile organic compounds and the like in a targeted and layered manner, and deep removal and purification treatment of multiple pollutants is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of waste gas purification technology, and in particular to a high-efficiency purification system for laboratory waste gas based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying. Background Technology

[0002] Laboratory exhaust gas refers to the mixture of gaseous pollutants generated and emitted by various laboratories during scientific research, teaching, testing and analysis, and pilot production activities through chemical reactions, physical processes, or sample processing procedures. Its composition is complex and exhibits significant diversity due to differences in experimental types. It typically includes volatile organic compounds, acidic / alkaline gases, toxic and harmful trace components, particulate matter, and odorous gases. It is characterized by large fluctuations in emission flow rate, uneven pollutant concentration, and dynamic changes in composition with experimental conditions. If it is emitted directly without effective treatment, it can easily cause harm to the ecological environment and human health.

[0003] Existing laboratory exhaust gas purification devices, when dealing with exhaust gases under complex operating conditions, suffer from several drawbacks. On the one hand, for high-temperature exhaust gases generated during distillation and digestion processes, the lack of an efficient integrated pre-cooling and dust removal structure means that direct entry of high-temperature exhaust gases into the spray unit can easily cause the spray liquid to vaporize, thereby reducing gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency. At the same time, high temperatures can degrade the physicochemical properties of subsequent adsorption and catalytic materials, shortening their service life. On the other hand, spray purification often adopts a single-stage, single-agent system or a simple acid-base neutralization box structure, without gradient adaptation design based on the solubility and reaction characteristics of different pollutants in the exhaust gas. This results in low removal rates for low-concentration volatile organic compounds and complex acid-base gases, and the short gas-liquid contact path and insufficient mass transfer make it difficult to meet stringent exhaust gas emission standards.

[0004] To address the aforementioned technical deficiencies, a solution is proposed. First, a variable-diameter conical spiral tube, spiral guide ribs, and vortex cooling water work together to guide the exhaust gas into a strong swirling flow, extending the heat exchange path and rapidly and steadily reducing high temperatures. Simultaneously, particulate matter is centrifugally separated and collected. Then, a three-stage conical air bucket and conical dispersion seat centrifugally diffuse the reagent into a mist spray layer, assisting in the diffusion of exhaust gas and improving gas-liquid contact efficiency. Multiple reagents are used for targeted, stratified treatment of acidic and alkaline gases, volatile organic compounds, etc., achieving deep removal and purification of multiple pollutants. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-efficiency laboratory exhaust gas purification system based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying to solve the aforementioned technical defects.

[0006] The objective of this invention can be achieved through the following technical solution: a high-efficiency laboratory waste gas purification system based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying, comprising a purification tower, wherein the purification tower is provided with a swirl precooling unit for efficient cooling and centrifugal impurity removal of waste gas, and a gradient spraying unit for multi-stage purification of waste gas, wherein the swirl precooling unit comprises a conical spiral tube, and an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe are fixedly connected to the bottom inlet end and the top outlet end of the conical spiral tube, respectively, and multiple sets of spiral guide ribs are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the conical spiral tube.

[0007] Preferably, the free end of the air inlet pipe extends downward at an angle to the outside of the purification tower, a partition that is slidably connected to the inner wall of the purification tower is slidably connected to the vertical section of the air outlet pipe, a drain pipe that abuts against the partition is fixedly connected to the bottom of the purification tower, and a water inlet pipe is fixedly connected to the side wall of the purification tower below the partition.

[0008] Preferably, the inner diameter of the conical spiral tube increases continuously from the bottom inlet end to the top outlet end, the inner diameter of the air inlet pipe is the same as the inner diameter of the bottom inlet end of the conical spiral tube, and the inner diameter of the free end of the air outlet pipe is between the inner diameters of the bottom inlet end and the top outlet end of the conical spiral tube.

[0009] Preferably, the bottom of the air inlet pipe is fixedly connected to a waste discharge pipe, and the free end of the waste discharge pipe extends to the outside of the bottom of the purification tower and is threaded with a collection cylinder. The top of the purification tower is fixedly connected to an exhaust pipe.

[0010] Preferably, three sets of conical liquid hoppers are fixedly connected at equal intervals inside the purification tower and above the conical spiral tube, and conical air hoppers are fixedly connected to the top of the conical liquid hoppers. The gradient spray unit includes a conical dispersion seat located inside each conical air hopper for uniform dispersion and contact between the waste gas and the reagent.

[0011] Preferably, a motor is bolted to the top of the purification tower, and a rotating shaft fixedly connected to the conical dispersion seat is mounted on the output shaft of the motor. Several partition strips that are slidably connected to the conical air bucket are fixedly connected to the conical sidewall of the conical dispersion seat.

[0012] Preferably, the conical dispersion seat has a liquid distribution chamber inside and above the separator strip, and the inner wall of the liquid distribution chamber has a plurality of strip-shaped spray nozzles that penetrate to the outer wall of the conical dispersion seat. The rotating shaft has three sets of injection chambers inside, and the liquid distribution chamber and the corresponding injection chamber are connected by a communication chamber.

[0013] Preferably, the top of the purification tower is fixedly connected to a diversion sleeve that is rotatably and sealed to the rotating shaft, and the inner wall of the diversion sleeve is provided with three sets of liquid inlet chambers. One side of the liquid injection chamber is provided with a liquid inlet that communicates with the corresponding liquid inlet chamber. A drug inlet pipe that communicates with the corresponding liquid inlet chamber and extends to the outside of the purification tower is fixedly installed on the diversion sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the inner diameter of the liquid separation chamber gradually decreases from the point near the connecting chamber to the point far from the connecting chamber, and L-shaped pipes are fixedly connected to the side wall of the purification tower and above the corresponding conical liquid hopper.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0016] (1) This invention achieves efficient and uniform cooling of laboratory high-temperature exhaust gas by combining conical spiral tubes, spiral guide ribs and vortex cooling water: The inner diameter of the conical spiral tube increases gradually from the bottom inlet end to the top outlet end. With the help of multiple sets of spiral guide ribs fixed on the inner wall, the exhaust gas is guided to form a strong spiral flow field in the tube, which prolongs the contact path and time between the exhaust gas and the tube wall. At the same time, the cooling water at the bottom of the purification tower is injected along the circumferential tangential direction to form a vortex flow state, which fully contacts the outside of the conical spiral tube, improves the heat exchange efficiency, and cools the high-temperature exhaust gas quickly and stably, effectively avoiding the problem of reagent vaporization during the subsequent gradient spraying process. In addition, during the swirling heat exchange process, the particulate matter carried by the exhaust gas will be thrown towards the tube wall under the action of centrifugal force, and will gather with the condensed droplets in the exhaust gas to form large-diameter impurity-containing droplets, which will slide down the conical spiral tube to the discharge pipe and be collected in the collection cylinder, achieving efficient pre-cooling while simultaneously removing particulate matter.

[0017] (2) This invention constructs a gradient purification system with strong targeting and sufficient mass transfer by using a rotating spray structure composed of a three-stage conical air bucket and a conical dispersion seat to achieve layered and efficient treatment of complex laboratory waste gas: the rotating conical dispersion seat cooperates with the liquid separation chamber to make various agents centrifugally diffuse through the strip-shaped liquid nozzle to form a uniform mist spray layer; the cooled and impurity-removed waste gas passes through each conical air bucket in sequence, and the rotating conical dispersion seat sidewall separators simultaneously assist the diffusion of waste gas, thereby improving the gas-liquid contact area and mixing uniformity; the first-stage dilute phosphoric acid solution can target and remove alkaline gases and water-soluble inorganic particles in the waste gas; the second-stage deionized water and non-ionic surfactant mixture enhances the mass transfer and absorption of water-soluble volatile organic compounds through solubilization; the third-stage dilute sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide mixture efficiently removes acidic gases and oxidizes and decomposes insoluble halogenated hydrocarbons, benzene series and other toxic components. The three-stage gradient purification process is progressive, achieving deep removal of multiple types of pollutants in complex laboratory waste gas. Attached Figure Description

[0018] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings;

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the purification tower of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the purification tower of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram showing the connection between the conical spiral tube of the present invention and the inlet and outlet pipes;

[0023] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the conical spiral tube of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the gradient spray unit of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the conical dispersion seat of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the connecting cavities on the three sets of conical dispersion seats of the present invention.

[0027] Legend:

[0028] 1. Purification tower; 11. Baffle plate; 12. Drain pipe; 13. Water inlet pipe; 14. Exhaust pipe; 15. Conical liquid hopper; 16. Conical gas hopper; 17. L-shaped pipe;

[0029] 2. Conical spiral tube; 21. Inlet pipe; 22. Outlet pipe; 23. Swirl guide rib; 24. Waste discharge pipe; 25. Collection cylinder;

[0030] 3. Conical dispersion seat; 31. Rotating shaft; 32. Separator strip; 33. Liquid distribution chamber; 34. Strip-shaped spray nozzle; 35. Injection chamber; 36. Connecting chamber; 37. Diverter sleeve; 38. Liquid inlet chamber; 39. Liquid inlet; 310. Drug inlet tube. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example 1: Please refer to Figures 1-5 As shown, the lack of an efficient integrated pre-cooling and dust removal treatment structure for the high-temperature waste gas generated in the distillation and digestion processes easily leads to the vaporization of the spray liquid. The following solutions can be used to address this issue.

[0033] In this embodiment, a high-efficiency laboratory exhaust gas purification system based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying includes a purification tower 1. The purification tower 1 is equipped with a swirl precooling unit for efficient cooling and centrifugal impurity removal of exhaust gas, and a gradient spraying unit for multi-stage purification of exhaust gas. The swirl precooling unit includes a conical spiral tube 2, and an air inlet pipe 21 and an air outlet pipe 22 are fixedly connected to the bottom inlet end and the top outlet end of the conical spiral tube 2, respectively. Multiple sets of spiral guide ribs 23 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the conical spiral tube 2.

[0034] Laboratory exhaust gas is injected into the conical spiral tube 2 through the inlet pipe 21. The spiral structure of the conical spiral tube 2 first causes the exhaust gas to flow along the wall inside the tube, increasing the contact area between the exhaust gas and the tube wall. Then, with the help of multiple sets of spiral guide ribs 23 fixed on the inner wall, the exhaust gas is guided to form a strong spiral flow field inside the tube, further extending the contact path and time between the exhaust gas and the tube wall, and further improving the heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, the particulate matter in the exhaust gas is thrown towards the inner wall of the conical spiral tube 2 under the action of centrifugal force, completing the simultaneous removal of impurities in the exhaust gas.

[0035] The free end of the air inlet pipe 21 extends downward at an angle to the outside of the purification tower 1. A partition 11 is slidably connected to the vertical section of the air outlet pipe 22 and is slidably connected to the inner wall of the purification tower 1. A sealing ring is embedded in the partition 11 and is slidably installed with the air outlet pipe 22 and the inner wall of the purification tower 1. The partition 11 is used for the separation and treatment of waste gas and cooling water. A drain pipe 12 that abuts against the partition 11 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the purification tower 1. A water inlet pipe 13 is fixedly connected to the side wall of the purification tower 1 and below the partition 11.

[0036] The inlet pipe 13 is radially perpendicular to the purification tower 1. Cooling water is injected into the interior of the purification tower 1 below the baffle 11 along the circumferential tangential direction through the inlet pipe 13, causing the internal cooling water to flow in a vortex shape. This increases the contact surface between the internal cooling water and the conical spiral tube 2, improving the heat exchange and cooling effect of the conical spiral tube 2. As the internal cooling water level rises, the baffle 11 is lifted, causing the baffle 11 to separate from the top of the drain pipe 12. Excess cooling water is discharged through the drain pipe 12. By circulating cooling water outside the conical spiral tube 2, the high-temperature exhaust gas continuously and efficiently exchanges heat with the low-temperature tube wall during the spiral flow, preventing the subsequent spraying and vaporization of the reagents.

[0037] The inner diameter of the conical spiral tube 2 increases continuously from the bottom inlet end to the top outlet end. The expansion treatment of the conical spiral tube 2 is used to reduce the airflow velocity, extend the residence time of the exhaust gas in the conical spiral tube 2, ensure that the high-temperature exhaust gas can be fully cooled by heat exchange, and at the same time allow the particulate matter to have enough time to be thrown towards the tube wall under the action of centrifugal force, thereby improving the dust removal efficiency.

[0038] The inner diameter of the intake pipe 21 is the same as the inner diameter of the bottom inlet end of the conical spiral tube 2. The inner diameter of the intake pipe 21 is the smallest, which is used to increase the intake air velocity. Combined with the spiral structure of the conical spiral tube 2, it realizes tangential air intake treatment, quickly generates a strong swirling flow field, and lays the foundation for centrifugal separation of particulate matter and efficient heat exchange.

[0039] The inner diameter of the free end of the outlet pipe 22 is between the inner diameters of the bottom inlet end and the top outlet end of the conical spiral tube 2. The narrowing of the end diameter of the outlet pipe 22 moderately increases the airflow velocity and eliminates vortex disturbance. Through the variable diameter structure composed of the inlet pipe 21, the conical spiral tube 2 and the outlet pipe 22, a velocity gradient is achieved to accelerate the swirl, decelerate the heat exchange separation and stabilize the flow, while taking into account the swirl intensity, heat exchange efficiency and airflow stability.

[0040] The bottom of the air inlet pipe 21 is fixedly connected to the discharge pipe 24, and the free end of the discharge pipe 24 extends to the bottom outside of the purification tower 1 and is threadedly installed with a collection cylinder 25. After the exhaust gas in the conical spiral tube 2 is cooled, the moisture in the exhaust gas condenses on the inner wall of the conical spiral tube 2 to form droplets that combine with centrifugal impurities and aggregate into large-diameter particles. With the help of the conical structure of the conical spiral tube 2, the impurity-containing droplets slide down into the discharge pipe 24 on the air inlet pipe 21 and are collected and treated by the collection cylinder 25. The top of the purification tower 1 is fixedly connected to the exhaust pipe 14.

[0041] Example 2: Please refer to Figures 1-3 and Figures 6-8 As shown, the following solutions can be used to address the problem of using single-stage single-agent systems or simple acid-base neutralization tank structures without gradient adaptation based on the solubility and reaction characteristics of different pollutants in the exhaust gas.

[0042] In this embodiment, three sets of conical liquid hoppers 15 are fixedly connected at equal intervals inside the purification tower 1 and above the conical spiral tube 2. The arrangement of multiple conical liquid hoppers 15 is used to divide the interior of the purification tower 1 into multiple spray areas for multi-stage gradient purification of waste gas. Conical air hoppers 16 are fixedly connected to the top of the conical liquid hoppers 15. The gradient spray unit includes conical dispersion seats 3 located inside each conical air hopper 16 for uniform dispersion and contact between waste gas and reagent. The conical air hoppers 16 and conical dispersion seats 3 are used to disperse the waste gas flowing above the corresponding conical liquid hoppers 15, thereby improving the gas-liquid contact area and mixing uniformity.

[0043] A motor is bolted to the top of the purification tower 1, and a rotating shaft 31 fixedly connected to the conical dispersion seat 3 is mounted on the output shaft of the motor. Several partition bars 32 that are slidably connected to the conical air bucket 16 are fixedly connected to the conical sidewall of the conical dispersion seat 3. The motor drives the rotating shaft 31 to rotate the three sets of conical dispersion seats 3. After the cooled waste gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe 22, it flows sequentially from the interior of multiple conical air buckets 16. During the flow, the rotating conical dispersion seat 3 synchronously assists the waste gas in diffusion treatment through the partition bars 32 on its conical sidewall.

[0044] A liquid distribution chamber 33 is provided inside the conical dispersion seat 3 and above the separator 32. Several strip-shaped spray nozzles 34 are provided on the inner wall of the liquid distribution chamber 33, which extend to the outer wall of the conical dispersion seat 3. The strip-shaped structure of the spray nozzles 34 is used for the distribution of the agent in a cloth-like manner to expand the spraying area. Three sets of injection chambers 35 are provided inside the rotating shaft 31. A connecting cavity 36 is provided between the liquid distribution chamber 33 and the corresponding injection chamber 35.

[0045] The three sets of connecting cavities 36 are arranged in a ring array relative to the rotating shaft 31 to avoid interconnection between the multiple injection cavities 35. The corresponding purification agents are injected into the three sets of injection cavities 33 respectively, and then sprayed out through several strip-shaped spray nozzles 34 on the injection cavities 33. The conical dispersion seat 3 rotates to centrifugally diffuse and separate the three sets of agents, and the sprayed agents come into uniform contact with the diffused waste gas.

[0046] The three groups of reagents are: a dilute phosphoric acid solution injected into the lower dispensing chamber 33 to first target and remove alkaline gases and some water-soluble inorganic particles; a secondary mixture formed by a mixture of deionized water and nonionic surfactants injected into the middle dispensing chamber 33 to enhance gas-liquid mass transfer of water-soluble volatile organic compounds through solubilization; and a tertiary mixture formed by a mixture of dilute sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide injected into the upper dispensing chamber 33 to remove acidic gases and oxidize insoluble halogenated hydrocarbons, benzene compounds, and other toxic volatile organic compounds, thereby achieving multi-stage gradient spray purification treatment. The purified exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe 14.

[0047] The top of the purification tower 1 is fixedly connected to a diversion sleeve 37 that is rotatably and sealed to the rotating shaft 31. The inner wall of the diversion sleeve 37 is provided with three sets of liquid inlet chambers 38. One side of the injection chamber 35 is provided with an inlet 39 that communicates with the corresponding liquid inlet chamber 38. A drug inlet pipe 310 that communicates with the corresponding liquid inlet chamber 38 and extends to the outside of the purification tower 1 is fixedly installed on the diversion sleeve 37. Through the three drug inlet paths composed of the corresponding drug inlet pipe 310, liquid inlet chamber 38, inlet 39, injection chamber 35 and connecting chamber 36, interference with the rotation of the rotating shaft 31 is avoided, while the three drugs are injected into the corresponding diversion chambers 33 respectively.

[0048] The inner diameter of the liquid separation chamber 33 gradually decreases from near the connecting chamber 36 to far away from the connecting chamber 36, which makes the range of the agent sprayed from the multiple strip spray nozzles 34 consistent, avoiding the situation where the local area of ​​the agent spraying range is too small and cannot fully capture the waste gas, thus reducing the purification effect. L-shaped pipes 17 are fixedly connected to the side wall of the purification tower 1 and above the corresponding conical liquid hopper 15. The agent is first sprayed onto the top of the corresponding conical liquid hopper 15, so that the sprayed agent gathers at the top of the conical liquid hopper 15 and submerges the end of the L-shaped pipe 17. Then the waste gas is injected to prevent the waste gas from leaking out. Then, as the agent liquid level rises to the low point of the horizontal section of the L-shaped pipe 17, the remaining liquid is automatically discharged.

[0049] Example 3: Please refer to Figures 1-8 As shown, this invention also proposes a method for using a high-efficiency laboratory exhaust gas purification system based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying, including the following steps:

[0050] Step 1: Cooling water is injected into the purification tower 1 below the baffle 11 along the circumferential tangential direction through the water inlet pipe 13, causing the internal cooling water to flow in a vortex shape, thereby increasing the contact surface between the internal cooling water and the conical spiral tube 2, improving the heat exchange and cooling effect of the conical spiral tube 2, and raising the baffle 11 as the internal cooling water level rises, causing the baffle 11 to separate from the top of the drain pipe 12, and the excess cooling water is discharged through the drain pipe 12;

[0051] Step 2: Laboratory exhaust gas is injected into the conical spiral tube 2 through the inlet pipe 21. The spiral structure of the conical spiral tube 2 first causes the exhaust gas to flow along the inner wall of the conical spiral tube 2, increasing the contact area between the exhaust gas and the tube wall. With the addition of circulating cooling water on the outside of the conical spiral tube 2, the high-temperature exhaust gas continuously and efficiently exchanges heat with the low-temperature tube wall during the spiral flow, avoiding the vaporization of the subsequent sprayed reagents. Then, the multiple spiral guide ribs 23 guide the formation of a strong spiral flow field, further improving the heat exchange efficiency. At the same time, the particulate matter in the exhaust gas is thrown towards the inner wall of the conical spiral tube 2 under the action of centrifugal force, and combines with the liquid droplets formed by the condensation on the inner wall of the conical spiral tube 2, agglomerating into large-diameter particles, achieving inertial dust removal. Then, with the help of the conical structure design of the conical spiral tube 2, the impurity-containing liquid droplets slide down into the discharge pipe 24 on the inlet pipe 21, and are collected and treated through the collection cylinder 25.

[0052] Step 3: Through three drug injection paths consisting of a drug inlet pipe 310, a liquid inlet chamber 38, a liquid inlet 39, a liquid injection chamber 35, and a connecting chamber 36, the three drugs are injected into the three component liquid chambers 33 respectively, and then sprayed out through several strip-shaped spray nozzles 34 on the liquid chambers 33. The three drug groups are: a dilute phosphoric acid solution injected into the lower liquid chamber 33, a secondary mixture formed by a mixture of deionized water and nonionic surfactant injected into the middle liquid chamber 33, and a tertiary mixture formed by a mixture of dilute sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide injected into the upper liquid chamber 33.

[0053] Step 4: The motor drives the rotating shaft 31 to rotate the three sets of conical dispersion seats 3, which centrifugally diffuse and separate the three sets of agents. The cooled waste gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe 22 and flows sequentially from the interior of multiple conical air buckets 16. During the flow, the rotating conical dispersion seats 3 simultaneously assist the waste gas in diffusion treatment through the separator strips 32 on their conical sidewalls. The sprayed agents are in uniform contact with the diffused waste gas. First, alkaline gases and some water-soluble inorganic particles are removed by targeted removal with dilute phosphoric acid solution. Then, the gas-liquid mass transfer of water-soluble volatile organic compounds is enhanced by the solubilization effect of the secondary mixed liquid. Finally, acidic gases are removed and insoluble halogenated hydrocarbons, benzene series and other toxic volatile organic compounds are oxidized by the tertiary mixed liquid, thereby achieving multi-stage gradient spray purification treatment. The purified waste gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe 14.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency laboratory waste gas purification system based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying, comprising a purification tower (1), characterized in that, The purification tower (1) is equipped with a cyclone precooling unit for efficient cooling and centrifugal impurity removal of waste gas, and a gradient spraying unit for multi-stage purification of waste gas. The cyclone precooling unit includes a conical spiral tube (2), and an air inlet pipe (21) and an air outlet pipe (22) are fixedly connected to the bottom inlet end and the top outlet end of the conical spiral tube (2), respectively. Multiple sets of spiral guide ribs (23) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the conical spiral tube (2).

2. The high-efficiency laboratory waste gas purification system based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying according to claim 1, characterized in that, The free end of the air inlet pipe (21) extends downward at an angle to the outside of the purification tower (1). A partition (11) that is slidably connected to the vertical section of the air outlet pipe (22) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the purification tower (1). A drain pipe (12) that abuts against the partition (11) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the purification tower (1). A water inlet pipe (13) is fixedly connected to the side wall of the purification tower (1) and below the partition (11).

3. The high-efficiency laboratory waste gas purification system based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the conical spiral tube (2) increases continuously from the bottom inlet end to the top outlet end. The inner diameter of the air inlet pipe (21) is the same as the inner diameter of the bottom inlet end of the conical spiral tube (2). The inner diameter of the free end of the air outlet pipe (22) is between the inner diameters of the bottom inlet end and the top outlet end of the conical spiral tube (2).

4. The high-efficiency laboratory waste gas purification system based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying according to claim 2, characterized in that, The bottom of the air inlet pipe (21) is fixedly connected to a waste discharge pipe (24), and the free end of the waste discharge pipe (24) extends to the bottom outside of the purification tower (1) and is threaded with a collection cylinder (25). The top of the purification tower (1) is fixedly connected to an exhaust pipe (14).

5. The high-efficiency laboratory waste gas purification system based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying according to claim 1, characterized in that, The purification tower (1) is equipped with three sets of conical liquid hoppers (15) that are fixedly connected at equal intervals above the conical spiral tube (2), and the top of the conical liquid hoppers (15) is fixedly connected with conical air hoppers (16). The gradient spray unit includes conical dispersion seats (3) located inside each conical air hopper (16) for uniformly dispersing and contacting waste gas and reagents.

6. The high-efficiency laboratory waste gas purification system based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying according to claim 5, characterized in that, The top of the purification tower (1) is equipped with a motor by bolts, and the output shaft of the motor is equipped with a rotating shaft (31) that is fixedly connected to the conical dispersion seat (3). Several partition strips (32) that are slidably connected to the conical air bucket (16) are fixedly connected to the conical sidewall of the conical dispersion seat (3).

7. The high-efficiency laboratory waste gas purification system based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying according to claim 6, characterized in that, The conical dispersing seat (3) has a liquid separation chamber (33) inside and above the separator (32), and the inner wall of the liquid separation chamber (33) has a number of strip-shaped spray nozzles (34) that penetrate to the outer wall of the conical dispersing seat (3). The rotating shaft (31) has three sets of injection chambers (35) inside, and a connecting chamber (36) is provided between the liquid separation chamber (33) and the corresponding injection chamber (35).

8. The high-efficiency laboratory waste gas purification system based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying according to claim 7, characterized in that, The top of the purification tower (1) is fixedly connected to a diversion sleeve (37) that is sealed and rotatably connected to the rotating shaft (31). Three sets of liquid inlet chambers (38) are opened on the inner wall of the diversion sleeve (37). A liquid inlet (39) communicating with the corresponding liquid inlet chamber (38) is opened on one side of the liquid injection chamber (35). A drug inlet pipe (310) communicating with the corresponding liquid inlet chamber (38) and penetrating to the outside of the purification tower (1) is fixedly installed on the diversion sleeve (37).

9. The high-efficiency laboratory waste gas purification system based on swirl precooling and gradient spraying according to claim 7, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the liquid separation chamber (33) gradually decreases from near the connecting chamber (36) to far away from the connecting chamber (36). L-shaped pipes (17) are fixedly connected to the side wall of the purification tower (1) and above the corresponding conical liquid hopper (15).

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