Battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device

Abstract

The invention provides a battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device. The device comprises a temperature detection module used for obtaining the environment temperature of a battery pack assembly in a preset area; the controller assembly is used for analyzing the environment temperature and outputting excitation current to the liquid storage tank under the condition that the environment temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold value; the liquid storage tank comprises an excitation resistor, a heat release agent and phase change liquid, the excitation resistor generates heat under the action of excitation current, the heat release agent is ignited and releases heat under the action of the heat generated by the excitation resistor, and the phase change liquid absorbs the heat released by the heat release agent and is gasified and expanded to obtain phase change gas; and the phase change gas pushes the battery pack assembly to move towards the outer side of the vehicle. According to the method, when the battery pack assembly is subjected to thermal runaway, the battery pack assembly is thrown away from the vehicle body, and damage to equipment and personnel when the battery pack assembly is subjected to thermal runaway is avoided.

Description

Battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of new energy engineering vehicle technology, and more specifically to a battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of new energy vehicles, battery packs place higher demands on battery performance, structure, and thermal management. Existing battery packs, when vibrated, can experience displacement, loosening, or peeling of active materials within the cells. These physical changes severely affect the structural stability of the cells, leading to increased internal resistance, uneven current distribution, and severe localized overheating. Because the chemical reactions during battery pack combustion are extremely intense, generating a large amount of heat, fire extinguishing agents are unlikely to extinguish a rapidly burning battery pack in a short time. If the fire cannot be extinguished quickly, it poses a threat to the vehicle and its occupants. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This application aims to provide a battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device to reduce the fire risk caused by battery pack thermal runaway.

[0004] In a first aspect, a battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device is provided, comprising: a temperature detection module for acquiring the ambient temperature of the battery pack assembly within a preset area; a controller assembly for analyzing the ambient temperature and, when the ambient temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold, outputting an excitation current to a reservoir; the reservoir comprising an excitation resistor, a heat-releasing agent, and a phase change liquid, wherein the excitation resistor generates heat under the action of the excitation current, the heat-releasing agent is ignited and releases heat under the action of the heat generated by the excitation resistor, the phase change liquid absorbs the heat released by the heat-releasing agent and vaporizes and expands to obtain a phase change gas, and the phase change gas propels the battery pack assembly to move outward from the vehicle.

[0005] Optionally, the device further includes: a temperature acquisition harness connected to the temperature detection device and the controller assembly, for transmitting the temperature signal acquired by the temperature detection device to the controller assembly; and an excitation harness connected to the controller assembly and the liquid storage tank, for sending the excitation current output by the controller assembly to the liquid storage tank.

[0006] Optionally, the device further includes: a stress bursting disc connected to the liquid storage tank for sealing the liquid storage tank; and a stress bursting disc pressure ring connected to the stress bursting disc for pressing and installing the stress bursting disc.

[0007] Optionally, the device further includes locking screws and a tray, the tray being connected to the battery pack assembly, and the locking screws securing the battery pack assembly and the tray as a single unit.

[0008] Optionally, the device further includes a working chamber connected to the liquid storage tank, the working chamber being used to equalize the pressure of the phase change gas.

[0009] Optionally, the device further includes: a working chamber pressure detection device for collecting the pressure inside the working chamber; and a storage tank pressure detection device for collecting the pressure inside the storage tank.

[0010] Optionally, the device further includes: a monitoring harness assembly, connected to the controller assembly and the monitor respectively, for transmitting monitoring signals to the monitor; the monitor is used to display various parameters based on the monitoring signals, wherein the various parameters include at least the working chamber pressure, the storage tank pressure and the ambient temperature.

[0011] Based on the aforementioned battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device, the system includes a temperature detection module for acquiring the ambient temperature of the battery pack assembly within a preset area; a controller assembly for analyzing the ambient temperature and outputting an excitation current to the reservoir when the ambient temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold; and a reservoir comprising an excitation resistor, a pyrolytic agent, and a phase change liquid. The excitation resistor generates heat under the action of the excitation current, the pyrolytic agent is ignited and releases heat under the heat generated by the excitation resistor, and the phase change liquid absorbs the heat released by the pyrolytic agent and vaporizes and expands to form a phase change gas. The phase change gas propels the battery pack assembly outward from the vehicle. Thus, by ejecting the battery pack assembly from the vehicle body in the event of thermal runaway, damage to equipment and personnel is avoided. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the battery pack assembly thermal runaway fire protection device provided in a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device and engineering vehicle provided in a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 4 is a trajectory diagram of the battery pack assembly being thrown away provided in a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 5 is a structural schematic diagram of the stress bursting plate provided in a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the user interface of the battery pack assembly thermal runaway fire protection system provided in a specific embodiment of this application; Figure 7 is a flowchart of the battery pack thermal runaway fire protection method provided in a specific embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0013] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0014] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0015] The battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0016] Please refer to Figure 1, which is a structural schematic diagram of the battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device provided in this application embodiment. As shown in Figure 1, the device includes: a temperature detection module for acquiring the ambient temperature of the battery pack assembly within a preset area; a controller assembly for analyzing the ambient temperature and, when the ambient temperature is greater than a preset temperature threshold, outputting an excitation current to a storage tank; the storage tank includes an excitation resistor, a heat-releasing agent, and a phase change liquid. The excitation resistor generates heat under the action of the excitation current, the heat-releasing agent is ignited and releases heat under the action of the heat generated by the excitation resistor, and the phase change liquid absorbs the heat released by the heat-releasing agent and vaporizes and expands to obtain a phase change gas. The phase change gas propels the battery pack assembly to move outward from the vehicle.

[0017] In this embodiment, the temperature detection module may include multiple temperature sensors, each with its own acquisition range. Multiple temperature sensors can acquire the ambient temperature of the battery pack assembly within a preset area. After the temperature detection module acquires the ambient temperature, the controller assembly analyzes the ambient temperature to determine whether it exceeds a preset temperature threshold. In one example, the total number of temperature sensors is set to N, and the preset temperature threshold is T. If K temperature sensors acquire temperatures greater than or equal to the preset temperature threshold T, then the ambient temperature is determined to be greater than the preset temperature threshold, indicating that the battery pack assembly has experienced thermal runaway.

[0018] In this embodiment, when the ambient temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold, an excitation current is output to a storage tank. The storage tank includes an excitation resistor, a pyrolytic agent, and a phase change liquid. The pyrolytic agent surrounds the excitation resistor, and the phase change liquid surrounds the pyrolytic agent. The excitation resistor generates heat under the action of the excitation current sent by the controller assembly. The pyrolytic agent is ignited and releases a large amount of heat under the action of the heat generated by the excitation resistor. The phase change liquid absorbs the heat released by the pyrolytic agent, begins to vaporize and expand, and yields a phase change gas.

[0019] In this embodiment, the liquid reservoir and the battery pack assembly are connected via a working chamber. After the phase change liquid in the liquid reservoir vaporizes into a phase change gas, the phase change gas pushes the battery pack assembly to the outside of the vehicle until it reaches the outside of the vehicle, thus completing the jettisoning of the battery pack assembly.

[0020] Through the above steps, the battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device uses a temperature detection module to obtain the ambient temperature of the battery pack assembly within a preset area. The controller assembly analyzes the ambient temperature and, if it exceeds a preset temperature threshold, outputs an excitation current to the reservoir. The reservoir includes an excitation resistor, a pyrolytic agent, and a phase change liquid. The excitation resistor generates heat under the action of the excitation current. The pyrolytic agent is ignited and releases heat under the heat generated by the excitation resistor. The phase change liquid absorbs the heat released by the pyrolytic agent and vaporizes, expanding to form a phase change gas. This phase change gas propels the battery pack assembly outward from the vehicle. Thus, by ejecting the battery pack assembly from the vehicle body in the event of thermal runaway, damage to equipment and personnel is avoided.

[0021] In some embodiments, the device further includes: a temperature acquisition harness connected to the temperature detection device and the controller assembly, for transmitting the temperature signal acquired by the temperature detection device to the controller assembly; and an excitation harness connected to the controller assembly and the liquid storage tank, for sending the excitation current output by the controller assembly to the liquid storage tank.

[0022] Specifically, the battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device also includes a temperature acquisition harness and an excitation harness. The temperature detection device and the controller assembly are connected via the temperature acquisition harness. The temperature acquisition harness is used to transmit the temperature signal acquired by the temperature detection device to the controller assembly. The controller assembly is connected to the liquid storage tank via the excitation harness. The excitation harness is used to transmit the excitation current output by the controller assembly to the excitation resistor in the liquid storage tank.

[0023] In some embodiments, the device further includes: a stress bursting disc connected to the liquid storage tank for sealing the liquid storage tank; and a stress bursting disc pressure ring connected to the stress bursting disc for pressing the stress bursting disc into place.

[0024] Specifically, the battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device also includes a stress bursting disc. A stress bursting disc is a non-re-sealed overpressure safety protection device. Its core function is to rapidly release pressure through self-rupture when the pressure inside the equipment (container, pipeline, etc.) exceeds a preset threshold, preventing the equipment from exploding due to overpressure. The stress bursting disc is located on one side of the storage tank to seal it. A stress bursting disc pressure ring is also provided on the outside of the stress bursting disc to press it tightly and prevent axial movement. A working chamber is also provided between the stress bursting disc pressure ring and the battery pack assembly. The working chamber refers to a specific space in energy conversion equipment where the energy of the working medium (gas, liquid, etc.) can be converted to perform work or transfer energy. When the phase change liquid in the storage tank ruptures due to vaporization and expansion, the phase change gas enters the working chamber through the stress bursting disc. The working chamber is used to equalize the pressure of the expanding phase change gas, preventing excessive pressure from damaging the protection device.

[0025] In some embodiments, the device further includes locking connecting screws and a tray, the tray being connected to the battery pack assembly, the locking connecting screws securing the battery pack assembly and the tray as a single unit.

[0026] Specifically, the battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device may also include locking screws and a support plate. The battery pack assembly provides power to the entire unit. The support plate connects several battery packs into a whole. Expanding gas acts on the left side of the support plate. The locking screws fix the battery pack assembly and the support plate into a whole. When the phase change gas expands, the locking screws are broken and lose their locking function, allowing the battery pack assembly to move axially within the container assembly.

[0027] In some embodiments, the device further includes: a working chamber pressure detection device for collecting the pressure inside the working chamber; and a storage tank pressure detection device for collecting the pressure inside the storage tank.

[0028] Specifically, the battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device may further include a working chamber pressure detection device and a storage tank pressure detection device. Specifically, the working chamber pressure detection device can be a working chamber pressure sensor, and the storage tank pressure detection device can be a storage tank pressure sensor. The working chamber pressure detection device is used to collect the pressure inside the working chamber; the storage tank pressure detection device is used to collect the pressure in the storage tank.

[0029] In some embodiments, the device further includes: a monitoring harness assembly connected to the controller assembly and the monitor, respectively, for transmitting monitoring signals to the monitor; the monitor is used to display various parameters based on the monitoring signals, wherein the various parameters include at least the working chamber pressure, the storage tank pressure, and the ambient temperature.

[0030] Specifically, the battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device may also include a monitoring instrument to display the status of various key parameters of the current system, including but not limited to the pressure of the power chamber, the pressure of the liquid storage tank, and the ambient temperature. The battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device may also include a monitoring wiring harness assembly, connected to both the controller assembly and the monitoring instrument, for transmitting monitoring signals to the monitoring instrument.

[0031] Please refer to Figure 2, which is a structural schematic diagram of a battery pack assembly thermal runaway fire protection device provided in a specific embodiment of this application. The specific embodiment of this application provides a battery pack assembly thermal runaway fire protection device, which includes: a controller assembly 201, an assembly analysis temperature sensor 210 that collects temperature values ​​and outputs an excitation current to an excitation resistor 204.

[0032] The temperature acquisition harness 202 transmits the signal acquired by the temperature sensor 210 to the controller assembly 201.

[0033] The excitation harness assembly 203 transmits the excitation current output by the controller assembly 201 to the excitation resistor 204.

[0034] The excitation resistor 204 generates heat under the action of the excitation current.

[0035] The heat-releasing agent 205 is ignited and releases a large amount of heat under the action of the heat generated by the excitation resistor 204.

[0036] The phase change liquid 206 absorbs the heat released by the heat-releasing agent 205, begins to vaporize, and expands.

[0037] The liquid storage tank assembly 207 is used to store the phase change liquid 206.

[0038] The stress bursting disc 208 is used to seal the liquid storage tank assembly 207. When the phase change liquid 206 vaporizes and expands, it bursts and the gas enters the working chamber 215 through the stress bursting disc 208.

[0039] The container assembly 209 serves as the mounting carrier for the battery pack assembly 211, the tray 212, and the locking connecting screws 213.

[0040] Temperature sensor 210 collects the temperature value of the environment around the battery pack.

[0041] The battery pack assembly 211 provides power to the entire machine.

[0042] The tray 212 connects several battery packs into a whole. The expanding gas acts on the left side of the tray. The locking screw 213 fixes the battery pack assembly 211 and the tray 212 into a whole. When the gas expands, the locking screw 213 is broken and loses its locking function. The battery pack assembly 211 can move axially within the container assembly 209.

[0043] The stress bursting disc pressure ring 214 is used to press the stress bursting disc 208 tightly to prevent axial movement.

[0044] The working chamber 215 is used to equalize the pressure of the phase change expansion gas and prevent the expansion gas pressure from being too high and damaging the protective device.

[0045] The monitor 216 is used to display the status of the main parameters of the current system.

[0046] The monitoring harness assembly 217 is used to transmit monitoring signals.

[0047] The power chamber pressure sensor 218 is used to collect the power chamber pressure value.

[0048] The liquid storage chamber pressure sensor 219 is used to collect the liquid storage chamber pressure value.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 3, which is a schematic diagram of a battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device and an engineering vehicle provided in a specific embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 3, it mainly includes a chassis assembly 301, a battery pack assembly 302, a thermal runaway fire protection device 303, and a work superstructure 304. The chassis assembly 301 has driving and carrying functions, the battery pack assembly 302 provides power to the whole machine, the thermal runaway fire protection device 303 provides emergency protection for the whole machine in the event of battery pack thermal runaway, and the work superstructure 304 is the working device for the whole machine. Figure 4 is a trajectory diagram of the battery pack assembly being thrown away according to a specific embodiment of this application. When the battery pack assembly 302 experiences thermal runaway, the thermal runaway fire protection device 303 throws the battery pack assembly 302 away from the engineering vehicle body along the trajectory S shown in Figure 4, where H represents the height of the center of the battery pack assembly above the ground, and L represents the parabolic distance of the battery pack assembly along the horizontal plane.

[0050] Please refer to Figure 5, which is a schematic diagram of the stress-burst disc provided in a specific embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 5, the stress-burst disc consists of an outer ring 501, a strength-weakening region 502, and an inner ring lobe 503. The outer ring 501 is used to cooperate with the stress-burst disc pressure ring 314 to fix the stress-burst disc. The strength-weakening region 502 is provided with a stress groove. The depth Ha of the outer ring stress groove is less than the depth Hb of the cross groove. When the phase change expansion gas reaches the bursting strength threshold σ, it bursts along the depth Hb of the cross groove. During bursting, the inner ring lobe 503 tears along the cross groove, conducting high-pressure phase change gas during phase change gas expansion.

[0051] Please refer to Figure 6, a schematic diagram of the user interface of the battery pack assembly thermal runaway fire protection system provided in a specific embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 6, the system user interface includes monitoring the working chamber pressure S1, the reservoir pressure S2, and the temperatures T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, and T6.

[0052] Please refer to Figure 7, which is a flowchart illustrating a battery pack thermal runaway fire protection method according to a specific embodiment of this application. As shown in Figure 7, the battery pack thermal runaway fire protection method includes the following steps: S701: Process begins. The system is powered on and begins self-test.

[0053] S702: Temperature sensor collects the temperature value of the environment around the battery pack.

[0054] S703: Controller assembly analyzes the temperature values ​​collected by the temperature sensor.

[0055] S704: The controller assembly judges the temperature value T collected by the sensor. If the temperature value T is greater than the set threshold, the process step S705 is executed. Otherwise, the process step jumps to S703. The total number of temperature sensors is set to N, and the threshold temperature is set to Tα. If K temperature sensors are greater than or equal to the set threshold Tα, the temperature value T is judged to be the set threshold, that is, the battery pack assembly has experienced thermal runaway.

[0056] S705: The controller assembly outputs an excitation current to the excitation resistor, which generates heat under the action of the excitation current.

[0057] S706: The heat-releasing agent is ignited and releases heat under the action of heat generated by the excitation resistor.

[0058] S707: The phase change liquid absorbs the heat released by the pyrogenic agent, begins to vaporize, and expands.

[0059] S708: The stress bursting disc ruptures when the phase change liquid vaporizes and expands and the pressure reaches a set threshold, and the gas enters the working chamber through the stress bursting disc.

[0060] S709: As the pressure of the expanding gas in the working chamber increases, the locking connection screw is broken and loses its locking function. The expanding gas pushes the moving plate and battery pack assembly to move outwards from the vehicle until they reach the outside of the vehicle; S710: The process ends.

[0061] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of this application can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, this application can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, this application can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including but not limited to disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0062] This application is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of this application. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowchart illustrations and / or one or more block diagrams. These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium capable of directing a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means that implement the functions specified in one or more flowchart illustrations and / or one or more block diagrams. These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer-implemented process, such that the instructions, which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus, provide steps for implementing the functions specified in one or more flowcharts and / or one or more block diagrams.

[0063] In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPU), input / output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

[0064] Memory may include non-persistent memory in computer-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM) and / or non-volatile memory, such as read-only memory (ROM) or flash RAM. Memory is an example of computer-readable media.

[0065] Computer-readable media includes both permanent and non-permanent, removable and non-removable media that can store information using any method or technology. Information can be computer-readable instructions, data structures, modules of programs, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase-change memory (PRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), other types of random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technologies, CD-ROM, digital versatile optical disc (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic tape, magnetic magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transferable medium that can be used to store information accessible by a computing device. As defined herein, computer-readable media does not include transient computer-readable media, such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.

[0066] It should also be noted that the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Unless otherwise specified, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0067] The above are merely embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit the scope of this application. Various modifications and variations can be made to this application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the scope of the claims of this application.

[0068] Furthermore, various different embodiments of the present invention can be combined in any way, as long as they do not violate the spirit of the present invention, they should also be regarded as the content disclosed by the present invention.

Claims

1. A battery pack thermal runaway fire protection device, characterized in that, The device includes: a temperature detection module for acquiring the ambient temperature of the battery pack assembly within a preset area; a controller assembly for analyzing the ambient temperature and, when the ambient temperature exceeds a preset temperature threshold, outputting an excitation current to a reservoir; the reservoir includes an excitation resistor, a heat-releasing agent, and a phase change liquid. The excitation resistor generates heat under the action of the excitation current, the heat-releasing agent is ignited and releases heat under the action of the heat generated by the excitation resistor, and the phase change liquid absorbs the heat released by the heat-releasing agent and vaporizes and expands to obtain a phase change gas. The phase change gas propels the battery pack assembly to move outward from the vehicle.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: a temperature acquisition harness connected to the temperature detection device and the controller assembly, used to transmit the temperature signal acquired by the temperature detection device to the controller assembly; and an excitation harness connected to the controller assembly and the liquid storage tank, used to send the excitation current output by the controller assembly to the liquid storage tank.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device further includes: a stress bursting disc connected to the liquid storage tank for sealing the liquid storage tank; and a stress bursting disc pressure ring connected to the stress bursting disc for pressing and installing the stress bursting disc.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device also includes locking screws and a tray, the tray being connected to the battery pack assembly, and the locking screws securing the battery pack assembly and the tray as a whole.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that... The device further includes a working chamber connected to the liquid storage tank, the working chamber being used to equalize the pressure of the phase change gas.

6. The apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that, The device further includes: a working chamber pressure detection device for collecting the pressure inside the working chamber; and a storage tank pressure detection device for collecting the pressure inside the storage tank.

7. The apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that, The device further includes: a monitoring harness assembly, which is connected to the controller assembly and the monitor respectively, for transmitting monitoring signals to the monitor; the monitor is used to display various parameters based on the monitoring signals, wherein the various parameters include at least the working chamber pressure, the liquid storage tank pressure and the ambient temperature.

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