Laser direct writing method suitable for two-dimensional code in frosted surface microcrystalline glass
By using a full-area immersion matching liquid and multi-beam parallel processing technology, the problems of laser energy attenuation and uneven thickness of microcrystalline glass on frosted surfaces were solved, enabling efficient etching of clear micro QR codes and ensuring the reliability of information traceability.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- WUHAN JINDUN LASER TECH CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-19
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-01
AI Technical Summary
The frosted surface of microcrystalline glass produces strong diffuse reflection and refraction of incident laser light, resulting in laser energy attenuation. This makes it impossible to accurately converge the laser light inside the glass to form a clear dot matrix, affecting the effective engraving of the micro QR code. Furthermore, the traditional local coating method of oil mirror oil is prone to defects such as uneven thickness and residual bubbles, which affect the recognizability and information traceability of the QR code.
By employing a full-area immersion matching liquid pretreatment method, the liquid's fluidity and surface tension are utilized to achieve uniform coverage of the entire surface. Combined with multi-beam parallel processing technology, the laser beam distribution and energy parameters are dynamically adjusted to ensure that the laser focus is precisely positioned inside the glass, thus etching out a high-quality QR code.
It achieves uniform and stable laser energy and precise focus, eliminates the problem of uneven thickness, improves the clarity and recognizability of micro QR codes, and ensures the reliability of information traceability.
Smart Images
Figure CN121946006A_ABST
Abstract
Description
A laser direct writing method for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass. Technical Field
[0001] This application relates to the field of precision machining technology, and more specifically, to a laser direct writing method for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass. Background Technology
[0002] In today's era of rapid development in the Internet of Things and intelligent manufacturing, the need for full lifecycle traceability of products, efficient anti-counterfeiting, and the embedding of reliable information in special materials is becoming increasingly urgent. Microcrystalline glass, with its superior mechanical strength, thermal stability, chemical stability, and adjustable optical properties, is emerging as one of the ideal materials for carrying such permanent, high-precision markings. However, frosted microcrystalline glass exhibits strong diffuse reflection and refraction of incident laser light, leading to laser energy attenuation and preventing precise focusing within the glass to form a clear dot matrix. This directly hinders the effective internal engraving of micro QR codes, thus affecting the realization of full lifecycle information traceability for products.
[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, existing technologies propose locally coating the surface of frosted glass with immersion oil at the marking location. The immersion oil's refractive index, similar to that of glass, reduces surface optical interference and aids laser focusing. However, this localized coating method relies on manual or mechanical scraping with a soft scraper. Influenced by the viscosity of the immersion oil, the scraping force, and the precision of the tools, it is highly susceptible to defects such as uneven oil layer thickness, residual bubbles, or surface pits. These defects lead to non-uniformity at the "glass-immersion oil" optical interface: when the laser passes through oil layers of varying thicknesses, the refraction angle deviates, causing the laser focus, which is intended to fall on the marking location inside the glass, to shift. This results in blurred micro-QR code dots and incomplete edges. Furthermore, uneven oil layer thickness causes fluctuations in laser energy loss during transmission, failing to meet the energy stability requirements of ultrafast laser processing parameters, further reducing the QR code's recognizability and affecting subsequent reading of workpiece information and the associated storage of preparation information by the barcode reader.
[0004] To address the inherent shortcomings of existing partial coating methods using immersion oil, this application proposes a pretreatment method based on complete immersion in a matching liquid. Utilizing the fluidity and surface tension of the liquid itself, the microcrystalline glass sample is completely immersed in the matching liquid. This method ensures that the matching liquid fills all tiny depressions on the glass surface without any dead zones, forming a continuous and uniformly thick liquid film over the entire surface, fundamentally eliminating the interface non-uniformity problem caused by partial coating. Simultaneously, the consistent "glass-matching liquid" optical interface ensures a constant laser refraction angle, allowing the ultrafast laser focus to accurately land on the marking area inside the glass, guaranteeing uniform laser energy loss throughout the entire surface. This meets the stringent requirements for laser focusing accuracy and energy stability in micro-QR code engraving. This method not only simplifies the pretreatment process but also improves the clarity of the micro-QR code dot matrix through a stable optical environment, providing a reliable foundation for subsequent reading of workpiece information and associated storage of preparation information by reading barcode readers. Ultimately, it enables efficient traceability throughout the entire lifecycle of frosted surface microcrystalline glass components. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a laser direct writing method and system for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass, which addresses the shortcomings of the prior art.
[0006] The technical solution of this invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A laser direct writing method for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass, comprising the following steps:
[0007] S1. Receive the QR code information to be processed and compile it into the corresponding spatial encoding pattern;
[0008] S2. Activate the beam shaping unit and dynamically adjust the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam according to the geometric distribution of the spatial coding pattern, so that the modification marks formed by the laser focus array inside the microcrystalline glass match the design pattern of the QR code.
[0009] S3. When the microcrystalline glass sample is completely immersed in the matching liquid, the surface of the microcrystalline glass sample is uniformly and completely covered by the physical properties of the liquid. Then, the beam focusing unit is activated to focus the shaped laser beam to a specified depth position inside the microcrystalline glass for multi-beam parallel processing, thereby etching a QR code with clear edges that conforms to the encoding characteristics inside the frosted microcrystalline glass.
[0010] Furthermore, in step S2, the beam shaping unit includes a first beam shaping unit based on a spatial light modulator, a second beam shaping unit based on a diffractive optical element, or a third beam shaping unit based on a preset lens combination.
[0011] Furthermore, in step S2, the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam are dynamically adjusted based on the geometric distribution of the spatial coding pattern. Specifically, this includes: manipulating the first beam shaping unit to perform pixel-level wavefront programming control on the incident laser beam by loading a holographic phase map or holographic amplitude map corresponding to the QR code, thereby shaping the laser beam and forming a three-dimensional multi-focus array spot.
[0012] Furthermore, in step S2, the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam are dynamically adjusted based on the geometric distribution of the spatial coding pattern. Specifically, this includes: regulating the second beam shaping unit to change the beam propagation direction and intensity distribution, so that the incident laser beam can form a corresponding light intensity distribution shape on the QR code focusing plane after passing through.
[0013] Furthermore, the preset lens combination includes a lens synergy combination based on cylindrical lens groups and microlens arrays.
[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the dynamic adjustment of the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam according to the geometric distribution of the spatial coding pattern specifically includes: driving the third beam shaping unit to shape the incident laser beam into a focused spot shape that meets the etching requirements of the QR code inside the microcrystalline glass by means of the synergistic effect of the cylindrical mirror group and the microlens array. The focused spot shape includes a linear spot shape, a square spot shape, or a rectangular spot shape.
[0015] Furthermore, in step S3, the physical properties of the liquid include surface tension and capillary action.
[0016] Furthermore, in step S3, the beam focusing unit includes an objective lens for high-precision focusing of the laser beam, a three-dimensional precision motion unit for XYZ axis positioning, and an adaptive optical aberration correction unit for compensating for spherical aberration.
[0017] Secondly, a laser direct-writing system for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass is provided. The system includes an information processing module, a beam parameter control module, and a coating matching liquid and multi-beam parallel processing module, wherein:
[0018] The information processing module is used to receive the QR code information to be processed and compile it into the corresponding spatial encoding pattern.
[0019] The beam parameter control module is used to drive the beam shaping unit to dynamically adjust the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam according to the geometric distribution of the spatial coding pattern, so that the modification marks formed by the laser focus array inside the microcrystalline glass can match the design pattern of the QR code.
[0020] The coating matching liquid and multi-beam parallel processing module is used to completely immerse the surface of the microcrystalline glass sample in the matching liquid. After uniformly covering the surface of the microcrystalline glass sample by utilizing the physical properties of the liquid, the driving beam focusing unit focuses the shaped laser beam to a specified depth position inside the microcrystalline glass for multi-beam parallel processing, thereby etching a high-quality QR code with clear edges that meets the encoding characteristics inside the frosted microcrystalline glass.
[0021] The beneficial effects of this invention are:
[0022] (1) Dynamically optimize the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters based on the shape distribution information of the QR code, so that the laser energy and the code structure form a spatial correspondence;
[0023] (2) Combining the physical properties of liquid (such as surface tension and wettability) to achieve uniform coverage of the entire surface, eliminating the problem of uneven thickness caused by traditional mechanical contact coating, and the application of multi-beam parallel processing technology enables the efficient etching of high-quality QR codes with clear edges inside the frosted microcrystalline glass. Attached Figure Description
[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic flowchart of a laser direct writing method for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass disclosed in this invention.
[0025] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram comparing the effects of parallel processing operations using single-beam laser and multi-beam laser.
[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a laser direct writing system for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass disclosed in this invention. Detailed Implementation
[0027] The principles and features of the present invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
[0028] As shown in Figures 1 and 2, this application discloses a laser direct writing method for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass, which specifically includes the following steps:
[0029] Step S1: Receive the QR code information to be processed and compile it into the corresponding spatial encoding pattern.
[0030] Step S2: Activate the beam shaping unit and dynamically adjust the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam according to the geometric distribution of the spatial coding pattern, so that the modification marks formed by the laser focus array inside the microcrystalline glass match the design pattern of the QR code.
[0031] Step S3: When the microcrystalline glass sample is completely immersed in the matching liquid, and the surface of the microcrystalline glass sample is uniformly and completely covered by the physical properties of the liquid, the beam focusing unit is activated to focus the shaped laser beam to a specified depth position inside the microcrystalline glass for multi-beam parallel processing, thereby etching a high-quality QR code with clear edges that meets the encoding characteristics inside the frosted microcrystalline glass.
[0032] As can be seen from the above, the laser direct writing method disclosed in this application for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass dynamically optimizes the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters based on the shape distribution information of the QR code, so that the laser energy and the code element structure form a spatial correspondence; combined with the physical properties of liquid (such as surface tension and wettability) to achieve uniform coverage of the entire surface, eliminating the problem of uneven thickness caused by traditional mechanical contact coating; at the same time, the application of multi-beam parallel processing technology enables the efficient etching of high-quality QR codes with clear edges inside the frosted microcrystalline glass.
[0033] In one embodiment, in step S2, the beam shaping unit includes a first beam shaping unit based on a spatial light modulator, a second beam shaping unit based on a diffractive optical element, or a third beam shaping unit based on a preset lens combination.
[0034] Specifically, a spatial light modulator is an optical device capable of pixel-level programmable control of a light beam. By loading a holographic phase map or holographic amplitude map corresponding to a QR code, the incident laser beam can be shaped in real time into a three-dimensional multifocal array of light spots that can be precisely controlled to illuminate the interior of the microcrystalline glass corresponding to each QR code "pixel" module.
[0035] Specifically, spatial light modulators encode the binary data of a QR code into a phase or amplitude modulation mode by loading a computational hologram. This holographic modulation method can precisely control the wavefront distribution of light waves, thereby generating light fields with specific spatial structures (such as three-dimensional multifocal arrays).
[0036] Specifically, a diffractive optical element is a passive optical device that uses the principle of light diffraction to precisely modulate the phase or amplitude of light waves through surface microstructures. In the high-precision QR code etching scenario inside frosted microcrystalline glass, diffractive optical elements can function in the following ways:
[0037] 1) Utilizing the periodic microstructure of diffractive optical elements, a single incident laser beam is split into multiple sub-beams to form a two-dimensional array of light spots that match the layout of the QR code module. Each sub-beam corresponds to a "pixel" module of the QR code.
[0038] 2) By designing the phase profile of the diffractive optical element and adjusting the focusing depth of the sub-beam, the light spot can be kept sharply focused at different depths inside the microcrystalline glass, avoiding focusing deviation caused by changes in the refractive index of the material.
[0039] 3) By optimizing the diffraction efficiency distribution of diffractive optical elements, the energy density of the array spot is evenly distributed, avoiding differences in etching depth caused by uneven light intensity and improving the reliability of QR code recognition.
[0040] Specifically, a pre-set lens assembly is an optical device based on geometric optics principles, which uses a fixed arrangement of multiple lenses to control the spatial intensity distribution and propagation direction of a light beam. Compared to the dynamic programming characteristics of spatial light modulators and the diffraction and beam splitting capabilities of diffractive optical elements, pre-set lens assemblies have advantages such as simple structure, low cost, high damage threshold, and suitability for high-power laser processing. They are particularly suitable for industrial-grade QR code batch etching scenarios where the demand for dynamic beam adjustment is low but long-term stable operation is required.
[0041] In one embodiment, in step S2, the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam are dynamically adjusted based on the geometric distribution of the spatial coding pattern. Specifically, this includes: manipulating the first beam shaping unit to perform pixel-level wavefront programming control on the incident laser beam by loading a holographic phase map or holographic amplitude map corresponding to the QR code, thereby shaping the laser beam and forming a three-dimensional multi-focus array spot.
[0042] Specifically, the phase map controls the wavefront distribution of the light wave by adjusting the phase delay value of each pixel; the amplitude map controls the spatial distribution of light intensity by modulating the transmittance of the pixels. Next, the calculated hologram is loaded into the pixel array of the spatial light modulator, with each pixel independently performing phase or amplitude modulation to convert the planar wavefront of the incident laser beam into a light field with a specific spatial structure. Finally, when the laser beam modulated by the spatial light modulator propagates inside the microcrystalline glass, due to the precise control of the wavefront, it forms a three-dimensional multifocal array of light spots at a specified depth and position.
[0043] In one embodiment, in step S2, the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam are dynamically adjusted based on the geometric distribution of the spatial coding pattern. Specifically, this includes: regulating the second beam shaping unit to change the beam propagation direction and intensity distribution, so that the incident laser beam can form a corresponding light intensity distribution shape on the QR code focusing plane after passing through.
[0044] Specifically, the second beam shaping unit, based on static diffraction control, encodes the beam in one go using a preset micro / nano relief structure, achieving a fixed distribution and energy uniformity of the beam spot array by utilizing the principle of light diffraction. Its core advantage lies in the ability to generate an initial light intensity distribution (such as a square / rectangular array) precisely matched to the QR code module layout at the focal plane or a specified working distance without real-time parameter adjustments. Furthermore, it exhibits long-term stable operation, making it particularly suitable for scenarios requiring high repeatability and low maintenance costs in the batch etching of QR codes on industrial-grade microcrystalline glass.
[0045] In one embodiment, the preset lens combination includes a lens synergy combination based on cylindrical lens groups and microlens arrays.
[0046] The cylindrical lens array can stretch or compress the laser beam in a specific direction, changing its shape. The microlens array, on the other hand, can divide the beam into multiple sub-beams and adjust the focusing or divergence of each sub-beam, resulting in a more uniform energy distribution across the entire beam. Working together, these two components achieve both beam shape modification and uniform energy distribution, meeting the beam quality requirements for internal processing of frosted microcrystalline glass.
[0047] In one embodiment, in step S2, the dynamic adjustment of the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam according to the geometric distribution of the spatial coding pattern specifically includes: driving the third beam shaping unit to shape the incident laser beam into a focused spot shape that meets the etching requirements of the QR code inside the microcrystalline glass by means of the synergistic effect of the cylindrical mirror group and the microlens array. The focused spot shape includes a linear spot shape, a square spot shape, or a rectangular spot shape.
[0048] Specifically, the cylindrical lens group, as the front-end control unit, can use its asymmetric curved surface structure to adjust the divergence angle of the incident laser beam in one or two dimensions. The microlens array, as the back-end control unit, consists of densely arranged micron-sized lens units (such as hexagonal or rectangular arrangements). It can subdivide the beam after initial shaping by the cylindrical lens group using the principles of refractive optics. Each microlens unit can divide a strip-shaped light spot into multiple sub-beams, and by adjusting the focal length and spacing of the microlenses, the focusing size and array spacing of the sub-beams can be controlled, ultimately forming a linear, square, or rectangular light spot array on the focal plane.
[0049] In one embodiment, in step S3, the physical properties of the liquid include surface tension and capillary action.
[0050] Specifically, this application breaks through the traditional mechanical contact coating method and utilizes the physical properties of liquids to achieve natural and uniform coverage by controlling the flow behavior of liquids on the frosted surface of microcrystalline glass, which can significantly reduce the impact of human operation on coating quality.
[0051] In one embodiment, in step S3, the beam focusing unit includes an objective lens for high-precision focusing of the laser beam, a three-dimensional precision motion unit for XYZ axis positioning, and an adaptive optical aberration correction unit for compensating for spherical aberration.
[0052] Please refer to Figure 3. This application discloses a laser direct-writing system for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass. The system includes an information processing module, a beam parameter control module, and a coating matching liquid and multi-beam parallel processing module, wherein:
[0053] The information processing module is used to receive the QR code information to be processed and compile it into the corresponding spatial encoding pattern.
[0054] The beam parameter control module is used to drive the beam shaping unit to dynamically adjust the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam according to the geometric distribution of the spatial coding pattern, so that the modification marks formed by the laser focus array inside the microcrystalline glass can match the design pattern of the QR code.
[0055] The coating matching liquid and multi-beam parallel processing module is used to completely immerse the surface of the microcrystalline glass sample in the matching liquid. After uniformly covering the surface of the microcrystalline glass sample by utilizing the physical properties of the liquid, the driving beam focusing unit focuses the shaped laser beam to a specified depth position inside the microcrystalline glass for multi-beam parallel processing, thereby etching a high-quality QR code with clear edges that meets the encoding characteristics inside the frosted microcrystalline glass.
[0056] In one embodiment, the above modules are also used to implement a laser direct writing method for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass as described in any of the foregoing method embodiments, and this application does not limit this method.
[0057] As can be seen from the above, the laser direct writing system disclosed in this application, which is suitable for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass, dynamically optimizes the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters based on the shape distribution information of the QR code, so as to promote the spatial correspondence between laser energy and code element structure; it achieves uniform coverage of the entire surface by utilizing the physical properties of liquid (such as surface tension and wettability), solving the problem of uneven thickness caused by traditional mechanical contact coating. At the same time, the application of multi-beam parallel processing technology enables the efficient etching of high-quality QR codes with clear edges inside frosted microcrystalline glass.
[0058] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1. A laser direct writing method for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass, characterized in that, The process includes the following steps: S1. Receive the QR code information to be processed and compile it into a corresponding spatial encoding pattern; S2. Activate the beam shaping unit and dynamically adjust the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam according to the geometric distribution of the spatial encoding pattern, so that the modification marks formed by the laser focus array inside the microcrystalline glass match the design pattern of the QR code; S3. When the microcrystalline glass sample is completely immersed in the matching liquid, and the surface of the microcrystalline glass sample is uniformly and completely covered by the physical properties of the liquid, activate the beam focusing unit to focus the shaped laser beam to a specified depth position inside the microcrystalline glass for multi-beam parallel processing, thereby etching a QR code with clear edges that conforms to the encoding characteristics inside the frosted surface microcrystalline glass.
2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, the beam shaping unit includes a first beam shaping unit based on a spatial light modulator, a second beam shaping unit based on a diffractive optical element, or a third beam shaping unit based on a preset lens combination.
3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam are dynamically adjusted based on the geometric distribution of the spatial coding pattern. Specifically, this includes: manipulating the first beam shaping unit to perform pixel-level wavefront programming control on the incident laser beam by loading a holographic phase map or holographic amplitude map corresponding to the QR code, thereby shaping the laser beam and forming a three-dimensional multi-focus array spot.
4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, In step S2, the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam are dynamically adjusted based on the geometric distribution of the spatial coding pattern. Specifically, this includes: regulating the second beam shaping unit to change the beam propagation direction and intensity distribution, so that the incident laser beam can form a corresponding light intensity distribution shape on the QR code focusing plane after passing through.
5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The preset lens combination includes a lens synergy combination based on cylindrical lens groups and microlens arrays.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that, In step S2, the dynamic adjustment of the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam according to the geometric distribution of the spatial coding pattern specifically includes: driving the third beam shaping unit to shape the incident laser beam into a focused spot shape that meets the etching requirements of the QR code inside the microcrystalline glass by means of the synergistic effect of the cylindrical mirror group and the microlens array. The focused spot shape includes a linear spot shape, a square spot shape, or a rectangular spot shape.
7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the physical properties of the liquid include surface tension and capillary action.
8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S3, the beam focusing unit includes an objective lens for high-precision focusing of the laser beam, a three-dimensional precision motion unit for XYZ axis positioning, and an adaptive optical aberration correction unit for compensating for spherical aberration.
9. A laser direct writing system for QR codes inside frosted microcrystalline glass, characterized in that, The system includes an information processing module, a beam parameter control module, and a coating matching liquid and multi-beam parallel processing module. The information processing module receives the QR code information to be processed and compiles it into a corresponding spatial encoding pattern. The beam parameter control module drives the beam shaping unit to dynamically adjust the multi-beam distribution and energy parameters of the laser beam according to the geometric distribution of the spatial encoding pattern, so that the modification marks formed by the laser focus array inside the microcrystalline glass match the design pattern of the QR code. The coating matching liquid and multi-beam parallel processing module completely immerses the surface of the microcrystalline glass sample in the matching liquid. After uniformly covering the surface of the microcrystalline glass sample using the physical properties of the liquid, it drives the beam focusing unit to focus the shaped laser beam to a specified depth position inside the microcrystalline glass for multi-beam parallel processing, thereby etching a high-quality QR code with clear edges that conforms to the encoding characteristics inside the frosted surface microcrystalline glass.