All-weather self-adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panel

Abstract

The invention discloses an all-weather self-adaptive protection system for an agricultural photovoltaic panel. The system comprises an intelligent three-proofing mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a water resource recycling mechanism and an environment self-adaptive control system. The intelligent three-proofing mechanism provides three self-adaptive protection modes of dust prevention, hail prevention and snow prevention for the photovoltaic panel through a switchable protection film; the cleaning mechanism is integrated with a composite scraper and a cleaning roller to clean the surfaces of the photovoltaic panel and the protective film; the water resource recycling mechanism collects and purifies rainwater, snow melting water and cleaning sewage, and supplies the rainwater, the snow melting water and the cleaning sewage to the cleaning mechanism for recycling; the environment self-adaptive control system monitors weather through a sensor and automatically controls switching between a protection mode and a cleaning mode. According to the invention, protection, cleaning and water circulation are integrated, full-automatic and intelligent operation and maintenance and efficient utilization of water resources in a severe environment are realized, the reliability and power generation efficiency of a photovoltaic system are remarkably improved, and the service life of the photovoltaic system is remarkably prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural solar energy equipment protection technology, specifically relating to an all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels, which is particularly suitable for intelligent cleaning, extreme weather protection, and water resource utilization of agricultural solar photovoltaic panels in terraced fields or mountain villages on the Loess Plateau. Background Technology

[0002] Solar photovoltaic panels utilize the photovoltaic effect of semiconductor materials to directly convert sunlight into electrical energy. They are mainly used in grid-connected power generation, off-grid power supply, building-integrated photovoltaics, power supply for transportation facilities, and portable energy devices.

[0003] Solar photovoltaic power generation, as an important form of clean energy, has broad application prospects in the terraced fields and mountainous rural areas of the Loess Plateau, where solar resources are abundant. However, the region has harsh climatic conditions, with drought, frequent snowfall in winter, and extreme weather events such as strong winds, sandstorms, and hail, which seriously affect the long-term stable operation of solar panels. Specifically, drought leads to the accumulation of dust on the surface of photovoltaic panels. Studies have shown that dust deposition can reduce the output power of photovoltaic modules by 15% to 30%, and in severe cases, even more than 50%. Winter snow accumulation not only hinders the absorption of light energy but may also cause deformation of the support structure or microcracks in the solar cells due to the weight of the snow. Sudden hailstorms can directly shatter the photovoltaic glass, and traditional manual washing or fixed cleaning devices are not only inefficient and wasteful of water resources but also difficult to cope with extreme weather.

[0004] Existing technologies such as single protective films have functional limitations and cannot simultaneously meet the needs of dust removal, snow resistance, hail prevention, and self-cleaning. These problems of poor adaptability, resource waste, and low level of intelligence seriously restrict the reliable operation of photovoltaic systems in harsh environments. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems in existing technologies, this invention provides an all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels. By combining multi-mode protection, resource recycling, and intelligent control, it achieves intelligent cleaning of solar photovoltaic panels, protection against extreme weather, and efficient utilization of water resources, providing an innovative solution for the efficient and stable operation of photovoltaic power generation in harsh environments.

[0006] The objective of this invention is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A weather-adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels is provided, comprising an intelligent three-proof mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a mounting frame, a water resource recycling mechanism, and an environmental adaptive control system. The mounting frame is used to install the photovoltaic panels. The intelligent three-proof mechanism is mounted on the mounting frame and includes a protective film that can be driven to unfold and cover the photovoltaic panels. The protective film is composed of at least two functional membranes spliced ​​together to switch between dustproof, hailproof, and snowproof protection modes. The cleaning mechanism is mounted on the mounting frame and is used to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panels and / or the surface of the protective film. The water resource recycling mechanism is located below the cleaning mechanism and is used to collect and filter wastewater and natural precipitation, supplying purified water to the cleaning mechanism for recycling. The environmental adaptive control system monitors the weather and controls the intelligent three-proof mechanism to switch protection modes.

[0008] Furthermore, the intelligent three-proof mechanism also includes a front protective film driving component, an end protective film driving component, and a protective film sliding connection component; the front protective film driving component is installed at the front end of the fixed frame, and the front end of the protective film is fixed and wound around the front protective film driving component; the protective film sliding connection component is installed on the left and right sides of the fixed frame, and the end of the protective film is connected to the protective film sliding connection component and connected to the end protective film driving component through the protective film sliding connection component; the end protective film driving component is connected and installed at the rear of the fixed frame; through the coordinated driving control of the protective film by the front protective film driving component and the end protective film driving component, the protective film can switch between dustproof mode, hailproof mode and snowproof mode.

[0009] Furthermore, the first-end protective film driving assembly includes a protective film driving roller, a first driving motor, and a first-end protective film fixing plate; the protective film driving roller is rotatably connected to the front end of the fixing frame and driven to rotate by the first driving motor; a first-end protective film fixing plate is fixedly connected to each end of the protective film driving roller; the first end of the protective film is respectively snapped and fixed on the two first-end protective film fixing plates; under the drive of the first driving motor, the protective film rotates synchronously with the first-end protective film fixing plate, so that the protective film is wound on the protective film driving roller;

[0010] The end protective film driving assembly includes a protective film driving roller, a first driving motor, and an end protective film fixing plate. The protective film driving roller is rotatably connected to the rear of the fixing frame and is driven to rotate by the first driving motor. An end protective film fixing plate is fixedly connected to each end of the protective film driving roller. The end protective film fixing plate is provided with a snap-fit ​​structure for connecting the protective film sliding connection assembly. Under the drive of the first driving motor, the end of the protective film connected to the protective film sliding connection assembly rotates synchronously with the end protective film fixing plate, so that the protective film is wound around the protective film driving roller.

[0011] Furthermore, the protective film sliding connection assembly includes a first sliding groove, a first sliding block, and a sliding hook; a first sliding groove is provided on the left and right sides of the fixing frame, the first sliding block is slidably connected in the first sliding groove, and the sliding hook is rotatably connected to the rear end of the first sliding block; the sliding hook is used to connect the end of the protective film and engage with the end protective film fixing plate of the end protective film driving assembly.

[0012] Furthermore, the protective film is composed of a high-transmittance dustproof film made of dust-repellent material and an impact-resistant composite material protective film, which are sequentially spliced ​​together.

[0013] Furthermore, the cleaning mechanism includes a composite scraper, a mid-section cleaning nozzle, a second drive motor, a cleaning roller connecting frame, a cleaning roller, a cleaning scraper, an end cleaning nozzle, and a water pump. The composite scraper is fixed to the first-end protective film drive assembly and is used to scrape and clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel or the protective film. The mid-section cleaning nozzle is fixed to the rear of the fixing frame and is used to clean the composite scraper. The cleaning roller connecting frame is installed at the rear end of the fixing frame and located behind the end protective film drive assembly. The cleaning roller is slidably connected to the cleaning roller connecting frame and is driven by the second drive motor to clean the protective film. The cleaning scraper and the end cleaning nozzle are respectively located at the rear end of the cleaning roller connecting frame and are used to clean the cleaning roller. The mid-section cleaning nozzle and the end cleaning nozzle are respectively connected to the water pump through water pipes. The water pump is connected to the water resource recycling mechanism.

[0014] Furthermore, the water resource recycling mechanism includes a water collection tank, a water collection scraper, and a filter head; the water collection tank is located below the cleaning mechanism and is used to collect sewage, rainwater, and snowmelt; the water collection scraper is slidably connected to the water collection tank and is used to scrape sewage in the water collection tank to the collection area and clean dirt in the water collection tank; a filter head is installed in the collection area of ​​the water collection tank to filter the collected sewage and provide it back to the cleaning mechanism for recycling.

[0015] Furthermore, the drain outlet of the water collection tank is equipped with a water tank baffle and a water level detector, which are used to detect the water level in the water collection area and discharge excess sewage and waste.

[0016] Furthermore, the environmental adaptive control system includes a wind direction sensor, a rainfall sensor, a wind speed sensor, a control box, and an integrated sensor module. The wind direction sensor, rainfall sensor, wind speed sensor, and integrated sensor module are electrically connected to the control box. The control box analyzes the current weather conditions through the data transmitted back by each sensor and sends a protection mode switching command to the intelligent three-proof mechanism to realize the environmental adaptive control system of the protection system.

[0017] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0018] All-round, adaptive protection capabilities: It creatively integrates three protection modes: dust protection, hail protection, and snow protection. It can automatically switch to the most suitable protection strategy according to the real-time monitored environmental conditions, which significantly improves the comprehensive protection capability of photovoltaic panels under complex and severe weather conditions such as sandstorms, hail, and snow accumulation, and effectively copes with key challenges such as sandstorm accumulation, hail impact, and snow cover.

[0019] Highly automated and intelligent operation and maintenance: Through an environmental adaptive control system, real-time weather condition perception, automatic switching of protection modes, and autonomous execution of cleaning processes are achieved. This greatly reduces the frequency of manual intervention and operation and maintenance costs, making it particularly suitable for deployment in remote or harsh environments.

[0020] Highly efficient water recycling and extreme conservation: A water recycling mechanism is designed to effectively collect and purify rainwater, snowmelt, and wastewater generated during system cleaning, achieving water recycling. Combined with a "dry sweeping-wet wiping" dual-mode cleaning mechanism, it significantly reduces water consumption for cleaning, greatly alleviating the constraints of water scarcity on photovoltaic operation and maintenance in arid regions, demonstrating a high degree of environmental protection and sustainability.

[0021] Self-maintaining cleaning: The system not only efficiently cleans the surface of photovoltaic panels, but also automatically cleans the protective film and water collection tank. The wastewater recycling and purification mechanism effectively avoids water waste and secondary pollution during the cleaning process, ensuring the cleanliness and efficiency of the entire system in the long term.

[0022] Enhancing equipment reliability and lifespan: By proactively protecting against the risk of physical damage from hail and snow accumulation, and effectively reducing the damage to photoelectric conversion efficiency caused by long-term dust cover, the operational stability and overall lifespan of photovoltaic panels in harsh environments are significantly improved.

[0023] Integrated and intelligent management: It highly integrates multiple functions such as protection, cleaning, water resource management, environmental sensing and control into a collaborative system, and improves operational efficiency and reliability through unified scheduling and management by an intelligent control center. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of an all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a front view schematic diagram of the overall structure of an all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a top view schematic diagram of the overall structure of an all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the intelligent three-proof mechanism structure described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a left-side view of the intelligent tri-proof mechanism structure described in this embodiment of the invention;

[0029] Figure 6 for Figure 5 A magnified view of the structure at point A in the middle;

[0030] Figure 7 for Figure 5 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point B in the middle;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning mechanism structure described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the water resource recycling mechanism described in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the environmental adaptive control system structure described in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] In the picture:

[0035] 1-Intelligent three-proof mechanism; 2-Cleaning mechanism; 3-Fixing frame; 4-Water resource recycling mechanism; 5-Photovoltaic panel; 6-Support frame; 7-Environmental adaptive control system;

[0036] 101-Protective film drive roller; 102-Drive motor No. 1; 103-Protective film; 104-Slide chute No. 1; 105-Sliding hook; 106-End protective film fixing plate; 107-Beginning protective film fixing plate;

[0037] 201-Composite scraper; 202-Mid-section cleaning nozzle; 203-Drive motor No. 2; 204-Slider No. 2; 205-Cleaning roller; 206-Cleaning scraper; 207-End cleaning nozzle; 208-Water pump; 209-Water pipe;

[0038] 401-Water collection tank; 402-No. 3 chute; 403-No. 3 slider; 404-Water collection scraper; 405-Filter head; 406-Water level detector; 407-Water tank baffle;

[0039] 701-Wind direction sensor; 702-Rain sensor; 703-Wind speed sensor; 704-Mounting bracket; 705-Fixed base; 706-Control box; 707-Integrated sensor module. Detailed Implementation

[0040] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0041] This embodiment describes an all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels, such as... Figures 1 to 3 As shown, it mainly includes an intelligent three-proof mechanism 1, a cleaning mechanism 2, a fixing frame 3, a water resource recycling mechanism 4, a support frame 6, and an environmental adaptive control system 7. The fixing frame 3 is installed on the support frame 6, and the photovoltaic panel 5 is installed inside the fixing frame 3. The intelligent three-proof mechanism 1 is installed at the front of the fixing frame 3. The protective film 103 of the intelligent three-proof mechanism 1 can cover the photovoltaic panel 5. It works with the protective film drive roller assembly to realize the switching of three protection modes: dustproof, hailproof, and snowproof. The cleaning mechanism 2 is installed at the rear of the fixing frame 3. The cleaning component of the cleaning mechanism 2 is used to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel and the protective film 103. Meanwhile, the self-cleaning component of the cleaning mechanism 2 is used to clean the cleaning components after use; the water resource recycling mechanism 4 is located below the cleaning mechanism 2 to collect the sewage and natural precipitation generated by the cleaning mechanism 2, filter it and recycle it for the cleaning mechanism 2. The cleaning mechanism 2 also has a self-cleaning function. After the water level drops to a certain level, it will use its own water collection scraper to clean the sludge, impurities and other sediments in the water collection tank and discharge them through the sewage outlet; the environmental adaptive control system 7 monitors the weather conditions in real time and controls the intelligent three-proof mechanism to switch the corresponding protection mode according to different weather conditions.

[0042] like Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the intelligent three-proof mechanism 1 includes a front protective film driving component, an end protective film driving component, a protective film 103, and a protective film sliding connection component. The front protective film driving component is installed at the front end of the fixed frame 3, and the front end of the protective film 103 is fixed and wound around the front protective film driving component. The protective film sliding connection component is installed on the left and right sides of the fixed frame 3, and the end of the protective film 103 is connected to the protective film sliding connection component and connected to the end protective film driving component through the protective film sliding connection component. The end protective film driving component is connected and installed at the rear of the fixed frame 3. The protective film 103 is formed by splicing at least two types of film bodies. Through the coordinated driving control of the protective film 103 by the front protective film driving component and the end protective film driving component, the protective film 103 can switch between dustproof mode, hailproof mode and snowproof mode.

[0043] Specifically, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6As shown, in this embodiment, the first-end protective film driving assembly includes a protective film driving roller 101, a first driving motor 102, and a first-end protective film fixing plate 107. The protective film driving roller 101 is rotatably connected to the front end of the fixing frame 3, and one end of it is connected to the output end of the first driving motor 102. A first-end protective film fixing plate 107 that can rotate synchronously with the protective film driving roller 101 is fixedly connected to each end of the protective film driving roller 101. The first end of the protective film 103 is respectively snapped and fixed on the two first-end protective film fixing plates 107. Under the drive of the first driving motor 102, the protective film 103 rotates synchronously with the first-end protective film fixing plate 107, so that the protective film 103 is wound on the protective film driving roller 101.

[0044] Specifically, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 As shown, in this embodiment, the end protective film driving assembly includes a protective film driving roller 101, a first driving motor 102, and an end protective film fixing plate 106. The protective film driving roller 101 is rotatably connected to the rear of the fixing frame 3, and one end of it is connected to the output end of the first driving motor 102. An end protective film fixing plate 106 that can rotate synchronously with the protective film driving roller 101 is fixedly connected to each end of the protective film driving roller 101. The end protective film fixing plate 106 is provided with a snap-fit ​​structure for connecting the protective film sliding connection assembly. Under the drive of the first driving motor 102, the end of the protective film 103 connected to the protective film sliding connection assembly rotates synchronously with the end protective film fixing plate 106, so that the protective film 103 is wound around the protective film driving roller 101.

[0045] Specifically, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the protective film sliding connection assembly includes a first slide groove 104, a first slider, and a sliding hook 105; a first slide groove 104 is provided on the left and right sides of the fixing frame 3 respectively, the first slider is slidably connected in the first slide groove 104, and the sliding hook 105 is rotatably connected to the rear end of the first slider; the sliding hook 105 is used to connect the end of the protective film 103 and can be engaged with the end protective film fixing plate 106 of the end protective film driving assembly.

[0046] Preferably, in this embodiment, the protective film 103 is composed of a high-transmittance dust-repellent material protective film and an impact-resistant composite material protective film sequentially spliced ​​together. In dustproof mode, the high-transmittance dust-repellent material protective film is used to reduce sand and dust adhesion and maintain the light transmittance of the photovoltaic panel; in hailproof mode, the impact-resistant composite material protective film automatically covers the panel in extreme weather conditions, protecting it from physical damage. In snowproof mode, the protective film is driven through high-frequency reciprocating motion (amplitude ±15cm) to effectively shake off accumulated snow and prevent icing.

[0047] In this embodiment, the switching process of the protective film 103's protection mode is as follows: The first drive motor 102 of the first and last protective film drive components rotates synchronously in the same direction, driving protective films of different materials to cover the surface of the photovoltaic panel 5, thus switching between dustproof and hailproof modes; the first drive motor 102 of the first and last protective film drive components rotates synchronously in opposite directions, effectively shaking off accumulated snow and preventing icing through high-frequency reciprocating motion (amplitude ±15cm), thus switching to snowproof mode. This embodiment achieves comprehensive protection of the solar photovoltaic panel under different weather conditions through the switching of the protective film's protection mode.

[0048] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 , Figure 8 As shown, the cleaning mechanism 2 includes a composite scraper 201, a mid-section cleaning nozzle 202, a second drive motor 203, a cleaning roller connecting frame, a cleaning roller 205, a cleaning scraper 206, an end cleaning nozzle 207, a water pump 208, and a water pipe 209. The composite scraper 201 is fixed on the first slider of the protective film sliding connection assembly of the intelligent three-proof mechanism 1 and is slidably connected to the fixing frame 3. It is used to scrape and clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel 5 and the surface of the protective film 103 during the pulling down process. The mid-section cleaning nozzle 202 is fixed at the rear of the fixing frame 3 and located in front of the end protective film drive assembly of the intelligent three-proof mechanism 1. It is used to clean the composite film after use. The scraper 201 performs cleaning; the cleaning roller connecting frame is installed at the rear end of the fixed frame 3 and located behind the end protective film driving assembly. The cleaning roller 205 is slidably connected to the cleaning roller connecting frame and is driven by the second drive motor 203. It is used to clean the protective film during the process of the protective film being wound onto the end protective film driving assembly. The cleaning scraper 206 and the end cleaning nozzle 207 are respectively set at the rear end of the cleaning roller connecting frame and are used to clean the used cleaning roller 205. The middle cleaning nozzle 202 and the end cleaning nozzle 207 are respectively connected to the water pump 208 through the water pipe 209. The water pump 208 is connected to the water collection tank of the water resource recycling mechanism 4 to realize the recycling of water resources. The main function of the cleaning mechanism 2 is to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel 5 and the surface of the protective film 103. It also has a self-cleaning function, cleaning the used composite scraper 201 and cleaning roller 205 to prevent secondary pollution during the cleaning process.

[0049] Specifically, in this embodiment, the cleaning roller connecting frame includes a frame body installed at the rear end of the fixed frame 3, a second sliding groove provided on the left and right sides of the frame body, and a second slider 204 slidably connected in the second sliding groove; the cleaning roller 205 is rotatably connected to the second slider 204; the cleaning scraper 206 and the end cleaning nozzle 207 are respectively installed at the rear end of the frame body.

[0050] Preferably, in this embodiment, the composite scraper 201 is a dual-purpose scraper for both dry and wet use, including a dry brush surface and a cloth surface. The cloth surface can be wet-wiped after being moistened by the interrupted cleaning nozzle.

[0051] Furthermore, such as Figures 1 to 3 , Figure 9 As shown, the water resource recycling mechanism 4 includes a water collection tank 401, a third chute 402, a third slider 403, a water collection scraper 404, a filter head 405, a water level detector 406, and a water tank baffle 407. The water collection tank 401 is located below the cleaning mechanism 2 and is used to collect sewage, rainwater, and snowmelt. The side wall of the water collection tank 401 is provided with a third chute 402. The water collection scraper 404 is slidably connected to the third chute 402 through the third slider 403, and is used to scrape the sewage in the water collection tank to the collection area and clean the dirt in the water collection tank 401. The collection area of ​​the water collection tank 401 is provided with a filter head 405 and a water pump 208 of the cleaning mechanism 2, which is used to filter the collected sewage and pump it back to the cleaning mechanism for recycling. The sewage outlet of the water collection tank 401 is provided with a water tank baffle 407 and a water level detector 406, which is used to detect the water level in the collection area and discharge excess sewage and dirt. The main function of the water resource recycling mechanism 4 is to collect rainwater, snowmelt water and clean wastewater, and realize the recycling of water resources through the filter head. It also has self-cleaning ability and can realize the automatic cleaning of the water collection tank.

[0052] like Figure 10 As shown, the environmental adaptive control system 7 includes a wind direction sensor 701, a rainfall sensor 702, a wind speed sensor 703, a mounting bracket 704, a fixed base 705, a control box 706, and an integrated sensor module 707. The mounting bracket 704 is mounted on the fixed base 705, and the wind direction sensor 701, rainfall sensor 702, wind speed sensor 703, control box 706, and integrated sensor module 707 are respectively fixed on the mounting bracket 704. The wind direction sensor 701, rainfall sensor 702, wind speed sensor 703, and integrated sensor module 707 are electrically connected to the control box. The control box analyzes the current weather conditions through the data transmitted from each sensor and sends a protection mode switching command to the intelligent three-proof mechanism 1 to realize the environmental adaptive control system of the protection system.

[0053] The core technology that solves the defects of the prior art in this embodiment mainly lies in:

[0054] To meet protection requirements, this embodiment features an intelligent tri-proof mechanism. This mechanism includes three protection modes: dustproof (for daily use), hailproof (for extreme weather), and snowproof (for snowy weather). The dustproof mode uses a high-transmittance dust-repellent film to reduce dust adhesion and maintain the photovoltaic panel's light transmittance. The hailproof mode uses an impact-resistant composite material protective film that automatically covers the panel in extreme weather, protecting it from physical damage. In snowproof mode, the film effectively shakes off accumulated snow and prevents icing through high-frequency reciprocating motion (amplitude ±15cm).

[0055] To meet cleaning requirements, this embodiment incorporates a cleaning mechanism. Equipped with cleaning rollers featuring high-density brushes and microfiber cloth, the cleaning rollers and the protective film rotate in opposite directions to clamp the film, removing adsorbed dust and snow residue. After cleaning, a secondary treatment is performed by a cleaning device (integrating a cleaning nozzle and a cleaning scraper) to ensure the cleanliness of the protective film for reuse. A composite scraper integrating scraping and wiping is also included. During the installation of the protective film, a slider drives the composite scraper to simultaneously clean the photovoltaic panel surface. The slider has a flip-up hook that allows the composite scraper to flip, thus enabling a dual-mode cleaning process of "dry sweeping" and "wet wiping" in conjunction with the atomizing nozzle. After operation, the scraper is automatically rinsed by the cleaning nozzle to prevent cross-contamination.

[0056] To address the issue of water scarcity, this embodiment incorporates a water recycling mechanism. It is equipped with a collection tank to store rainwater and snowmelt, which is then purified through a filter and pumped to the cleaning nozzles, achieving zero dependence on external water sources. It also features water level monitoring, automatically switching to dry brush mode when water is scarce. The collection tank has a self-cleaning function, using a scraper to clean sludge deposits at the bottom. During cleaning, a baffle automatically rises, allowing the sludge to drain out through the outlet.

[0057] To address the issue of delayed human response in extreme environments, this embodiment designs an environmental adaptive control system. It integrates meteorological sensors to identify weather conditions and automatically trigger corresponding modes (dustproof / snowproof / hailproof), supporting remote monitoring and real-time alarms for abnormal conditions.

[0058] The working principle of this embodiment is briefly described below:

[0059] Preparation phase: The intelligent three-proof mechanism 1 and the cleaning mechanism 2 are mounted on the solar photovoltaic panel 5 using the fixing frame 3 and the mounting frame 6. The water resource recycling mechanism 4 is arranged below the end of the photovoltaic panel. The environmental adaptive control system 7 is installed on the left side and the wiring is completed.

[0060] Protective film laying stage: A protective film fixing plate 107 is fixed on both sides of the protective film drive roller 101. Initially, the first two ends of the protective film 103 are fixed to a first end protective film fixing plate 107, and the protective film 103 is wound around the protective film drive roller 101 located at the upper end of the photovoltaic panel 5. During the laying of the protective film 103, a sliding hook 105 is connected to each end of the protective film 103. The sliding hook 105 drives the protective film 103 to move in the first slide groove 104. At the same time, the composite scraper 201 is fixed on the first slider, which is slidably connected to the first slide groove 104 and located behind the sliding hook 105. During the movement of the protective film 103 driven by the sliding hook 105, the surface of the photovoltaic panel 5 can be cleaned. When the end of the protective film 103 moves to the lower end of the photovoltaic panel 5, the sliding hook 105 flips and fixes the end of the protective film 103 to the end protective film fixing plate 106. The No. 1 drive motor 102 at the end of the photovoltaic panel 5 drives the protective film drive roller, which is fixed to the end protective film fixing plate 106, to rotate, thereby tensioning the protective film 103. At this point, the laying of the protective film 103 is completed.

[0061] Protection Phase: After the protective film 103 is laid, the all-weather adaptive protection system will be automatically controlled by the environmental adaptive control system 7, eliminating the need for manual intervention. When the environmental adaptive control system 7 detects sunny weather, the intelligent three-proof mechanism 1 will use the dustproof mode to protect the photovoltaic panel 5. At this time, the two No. 1 drive motors 102 drive the protective film drive rollers 101 at the top and bottom of the photovoltaic panel 5 to rotate in opposite directions, keeping the high-transmittance dust-repellent film in a taut state. When the environmental adaptive control system 7 detects hail weather, the intelligent three-proof mechanism 1 will use the hailproof mode to protect the photovoltaic panel 5. At this time, the two No. 1 drive motors 102 drive the protective film drive rollers 101 at the top and bottom of the photovoltaic panel 5 to rotate synchronously and in the same direction from top to bottom, wrapping the dustproof film around the lower protective film drive roller, while simultaneously laying the high-strength impact-resistant film spliced ​​and connected with the high-transmittance dust-repellent film on the photovoltaic panel 5. When the environmental adaptive control system 7 detects snow, the intelligent three-proof mechanism 1 will use the snow-proof mode to protect the photovoltaic panel 5. At this time, the two drive motors 102 drive the protective film drive rollers 101 at the upper and lower ends of the photovoltaic panel to rotate periodically and synchronously, so that the protective film 103 continuously reciprocates, thereby shaking off the snow. The shaken snow will enter the water collection tank 401 and be converted into snow water for cleaning the solar photovoltaic panel 5.

[0062] Cleaning and Water Recycling Stage: The water used in the cleaning process comes from the water resource recycling mechanism 4. This system can store rainwater, snowmelt water, and cleaning wastewater. After being filtered by the filter head 405, clean water is drawn by the water pump 208 to the cleaning nozzle. During cleaning, the first slider drives the composite scraper 201 (including the scraper side and the cloth side) to dry brush the surface of the photovoltaic panel 5 to remove dust. After dry brushing, the middle cleaning nozzle 202 cleans the composite scraper 201. When water is scarce, the dry brushing mode is used by default. For parts that are difficult to clean with dry brushing, the sliding hook 105 can drive the composite scraper 201 to flip to the cloth side, and the intermediate cleaning nozzle 202 sprays the cloth with water for wet cleaning. At the same time, the second drive motor 203 drives the cleaning roller 205 at the lower end of the photovoltaic panel 5 to rotate in opposite directions with the protective film drive roller 101 to clean the surface of the protective film 103. After cleaning, the second slider 204 drives the cleaning roller 205 to the cleaning scraper 206. The second drive motor 203 drives the cleaning roller 205 to rotate, and works in conjunction with the cleaning scraper 206 and the end cleaning nozzle 207 to clean the cleaning roller. All the wastewater after cleaning will flow into the collection tank 401 for recycling. At the same time, the collection tank 401 has a self-cleaning function. For sludge, impurities, etc. that have accumulated after long-term use, the water resource recycling mechanism 4 will monitor the water level based on the water level detector 406. When the water level drops to a certain level, the third slider 403 will drive the collection scraper 404 to clean the sludge and impurities inside the collection tank. When the waste is cleaned to the drain outlet, the baffle 407 will be lifted, and the waste will be discharged through the drain outlet. This achieves self-cleaning while ensuring the maximum utilization of water resources.

Claims

1. An all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels, characterized in that, The system includes an intelligent three-proof mechanism, a cleaning mechanism, a mounting frame, a water resource recycling mechanism, and an environmental adaptive control system. The mounting frame is used to install photovoltaic panels. The intelligent three-proof mechanism is mounted on the mounting frame and includes a protective film that can be driven to unfold and cover the photovoltaic panels. The protective film is composed of at least two functional membranes spliced ​​together to switch between three protection modes: dustproof, hailproof, and snowproof. The cleaning mechanism is mounted on the mounting frame and is used to clean the surface of the photovoltaic panels and / or the surface of the protective film. The water resource recycling mechanism is located below the cleaning mechanism and is used to collect and filter wastewater and natural precipitation, and supply purified water to the cleaning mechanism for recycling. The environmental adaptive control system is used to monitor the weather and control the intelligent three-proof mechanism to switch protection modes.

2. The all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent tri-proof mechanism also includes a front protective film driving component, an end protective film driving component, and a protective film sliding connection component; the front protective film driving component is installed at the front end of the fixed frame, and the front end of the protective film is fixed and wound around the front protective film driving component; the protective film sliding connection component is installed on the left and right sides of the fixed frame, and the end of the protective film is connected to the protective film sliding connection component and connected to the end protective film driving component through the protective film sliding connection component; the end protective film driving component is connected and installed at the rear of the fixed frame. By coordinating the driving control of the protective film with the first and last protective film driving components, the protective film can switch between dustproof mode, hailproof mode and snowproof mode.

3. The all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first-end protective film driving assembly includes a protective film driving roller, a first-end driving motor, and a first-end protective film fixing plate. The protective film driving roller is rotatably connected to the front end of the fixing frame and is driven to rotate by the first-end driving motor. A first-end protective film fixing plate is fixedly connected to each end of the protective film driving roller. The first end of the protective film is respectively snapped and fixed on the two first-end protective film fixing plates. Under the drive of the first-end driving motor, the protective film rotates synchronously with the first-end protective film fixing plate, so that the protective film is wound on the protective film driving roller. The end protective film driving assembly includes a protective film driving roller, a first driving motor, and an end protective film fixing plate. The protective film driving roller is rotatably connected to the rear of the fixing frame and is driven to rotate by the first driving motor. An end protective film fixing plate is fixedly connected to each end of the protective film driving roller. The end protective film fixing plate is provided with a snap-fit ​​structure for connecting the protective film sliding connection assembly. Under the drive of the first driving motor, the end of the protective film connected to the protective film sliding connection assembly rotates synchronously with the end protective film fixing plate, so that the protective film is wound around the protective film driving roller.

4. The all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The protective film sliding connection assembly includes a first sliding groove, a first sliding block, and a sliding hook; a first sliding groove is provided on the left and right sides of the fixed frame, the first sliding block is slidably connected in the first sliding groove, and the sliding hook is rotatably connected to the rear end of the first sliding block; the sliding hook is used to connect the end of the protective film and engage with the end protective film fixing plate of the end protective film driving assembly.

5. The all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The protective membrane is composed of a high-transmittance dustproof membrane made of dust-repellent material and an impact-resistant composite material protective membrane, which are spliced ​​together in sequence.

6. The all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The cleaning mechanism includes a composite scraper, a mid-section cleaning nozzle, a second drive motor, a cleaning roller connecting frame, a cleaning roller, a cleaning scraper, an end cleaning nozzle, and a water pump. The composite scraper is fixed to the first-end protective film drive assembly and is used to scrape and clean the surface of the photovoltaic panel or the protective film. The mid-section cleaning nozzle is fixed to the rear of the fixing frame and is used to clean the composite scraper. The cleaning roller connecting frame is installed at the rear of the fixing frame and located behind the end protective film drive assembly. The cleaning roller is slidably connected to the cleaning roller connecting frame and is driven by the second drive motor to clean the protective film. The cleaning scraper and the end cleaning nozzle are respectively located at the rear of the cleaning roller connecting frame and are used to clean the cleaning roller. The mid-section cleaning nozzle and the end cleaning nozzle are respectively connected to the water pump through water pipes. The water pump is connected to the water resource recycling mechanism.

7. The all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The water resource recycling mechanism includes a water collection tank, a water collection scraper, and a filter head. The water collection tank is located below the cleaning mechanism and is used to collect sewage, rainwater, and snowmelt. The water collection scraper is slidably connected to the water collection tank and is used to scrape sewage in the water collection tank to the collection area and to clean dirt in the water collection tank. A filter head is installed in the collection area of ​​the water collection tank to filter the collected sewage and then provide it back to the cleaning mechanism for recycling.

8. The all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The drain outlet of the water collection tank is equipped with a tank baffle and a water level detector, which are used to detect the water level in the collection area and discharge excess sewage and waste.

9. The all-weather adaptive protection system for agricultural photovoltaic panels as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The environmental adaptive control system includes a wind direction sensor, a rainfall sensor, a wind speed sensor, a control box, and an integrated sensor module. The wind direction sensor, rainfall sensor, wind speed sensor, and integrated sensor module are electrically connected to the control box. The control box analyzes the current weather conditions through the data transmitted from each sensor and sends a protection mode switching command to the intelligent three-proof mechanism to realize the environmental adaptive control system of the protection system.

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