Optical fiber and ultra-low power consumption wireless fusion coal mine pipeline information transmission method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of coal mine pipeline information transmission and information technology fusion, in particular to an optical fiber and ultra-low power consumption wireless fusion coal mine pipeline information transmission method, and aims to improve the reliability of an ultra-low power consumption short-distance wireless communication technology. The method comprises the steps of planning an optical fiber backbone network based on a self-adaptive wiring algorithm by adopting a flexible optical fiber and a corrosion-resistant sheath material, and preferentially covering key monitoring points and data aggregation nodes. Ultra-low power consumption short-distance wireless communication nodes are deployed at positions where optical fibers are difficult to lay and signals are attenuated. A heterogeneous fusion networking technology based on optical fiber and wireless communication is adopted, a data transmission path is automatically switched according to a real-time network state, and fault tolerance is improved through a multi-path redundancy and link quality sensing algorithm. An energy efficiency optimization intelligent scheduling algorithm is introduced into a wireless communication node end, the work cycle and communication frequency of the wireless communication node are intelligently scheduled according to real-time data flow, node residual electric quantity and network load, and the data transmission priority is dynamically adjusted.

Description

A method for information transmission in coal mine pipelines integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless technology Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mine pipeline information transmission and information technology integration, and in particular to a coal mine pipeline information transmission method integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless. Background Technology

[0002] In the construction of intelligent coal mines, underground pipelines are a key link in safe production, undertaking important functions such as environmental monitoring, equipment status acquisition, and emergency communication. Currently, information transmission in underground pipelines largely relies on fiber optic communication technology. Although it has advantages such as high bandwidth and strong anti-interference capabilities, and can meet the data aggregation needs of the backbone network, fiber optic cabling faces significant challenges due to the narrow space, complex structure, and numerous obstacles in underground pipelines. Laying is easily restricted or signal blind spots occur in areas such as bends and branches, and maintenance costs are high after damage, affecting system stability.

[0003] While ultra-low power short-range wireless communication technology can be flexibly deployed to compensate for insufficient fiber optic coverage, its signal penetration capability, bandwidth capacity, and anti-interference ability are limited, making it difficult to independently support large-scale, highly reliable data transmission. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide a coal mine pipeline information transmission method that integrates optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless technology, aiming to improve the reliability of ultra-low power short-range wireless communication technology.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The present invention provides a coal mine pipeline information transmission method integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless technology, including S1: using flexible optical fiber and corrosion-resistant sheath material, and planning an optical fiber backbone network based on an adaptive cabling algorithm, prioritizing coverage of key monitoring points and data aggregation nodes; wherein key monitoring points refer to locations where environmental parameters of underground coal mine pipelines are collected, and data aggregation nodes refer to locations where data from each monitoring point is centrally received and processed; S2: deploying ultra-low power short-range wireless communication nodes at pipeline bends and intersections where optical fiber is difficult to lay and where signal attenuation is present; wherein ultra-low power short-range wireless communication nodes refer to devices used for data transmission with low power consumption and short communication distance, and the wireless communication nodes utilize low power... The sleep-wake mechanism and intelligent signal relay function are used to realize local self-organizing network, automatically fill blind spots and dynamically adjust the communication topology, and transmit blind spot data to the backbone network in step S1; S3: adopt heterogeneous converged networking technology based on optical fiber and wireless communication, automatically switch data transmission paths according to real-time network status, and improve fault tolerance through multi-path redundancy and link quality awareness algorithms; among them, heterogeneous converged networking technology refers to the technology of integrating two different types of communication methods, optical fiber communication and wireless communication, to form a network; S4: introduce energy efficiency optimization intelligent scheduling algorithm at the wireless communication node end, and intelligently schedule the working cycle and communication frequency of wireless communication nodes according to real-time data traffic, node remaining power and network load, and dynamically adjust data transmission priority.

[0006] In step S1, a digital model of the actual environment of the coal mine pipeline is performed to determine the set of monitoring points and data aggregation nodes where optical fibers need to be deployed, and to obtain the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of each node; the set of obstacles inside the pipeline is determined, and the spatial range of each obstacle is described by a boundary function; based on the digital environmental modeling, a path planning method combining distance and bending costs is adopted to construct an objective function to optimize the optical fiber deployment path, ensuring that the wiring path does not intersect with any obstacles; a dynamic adaptive strategy is adopted to monitor the signal attenuation or damage indicators of the laid optical fiber links in real time, and when the indicators exceed a preset threshold, the weight of the link is dynamically adjusted to reduce its priority in path replanning; the system recalculates the objective function and updates the optimal path at regular intervals and when abnormal link weights are detected.

[0007] The objective function is: in, For fiber optic cabling solutions, there are ordered pairs of connected nodes. ; For nodes and The Euclidean distance between them represents the wiring length; The angle between two adjacent fiber optic paths is defined as: Where "·" represents the vector dot product, indicating the curvature of the wiring path; For the bending penalty function, Used to suppress sharp bends in wiring; yes The coordinates of the node; These are weighting coefficients that control the balance between length and curvature; constraints. , It is an obstacle.

[0008] The link weight adjustment formula is as follows: in, For a moment Time fiber link The weights; For the preset threshold, This is an adjustment coefficient used to adjust the weight increment. The activation function is used only for signal attenuation or impairment indicators. Adjustments are made when the threshold is exceeded.

[0009] In step S2, ultra-low power short-range wireless communication nodes are deployed in areas not covered by fiber optic cables. The set of wireless communication nodes in the coverage area is determined and the coordinates of each node are obtained. When the distance between two nodes is less than or equal to the wireless communication radius of the nodes, a direct communication link is established, the neighbor set of each node is determined, and a local wireless ad hoc network topology is generated. In the adaptive link maintenance and route optimization phase, the link quality of any node pair is characterized by signal strength. When the signal strength is less than the minimum acceptable signal strength, the link is automatically disconnected and the neighbor set is updated. Data forwarding between nodes adopts a weighted shortest path strategy to determine the route from the source node to the sink node and the total forwarding cost, and select the optimal route. When a node fails or the link is disconnected, the network is reorganized and route selection is performed based on the neighbor information and the routing cost.

[0010] The total cost of forwarding is in, For link signal quality, Energy consumption for node forwarding Energy consumption weighting factor, path For the source node To the aggregation node The route.

[0011] In step S3, the entire set of links, including all fiber optic links and wireless links, is determined, and the network nodes, including fiber optic access nodes and wireless communication nodes, are determined. The comprehensive cost of each link is defined, and the fiber optic and wireless hybrid network is abstracted as a weighted undirected graph. A dynamic interface switching algorithm based on real-time network status is adopted to solve the pure fiber optic path and the heterogeneous fusion path and their total cost for any source node and destination node, respectively. When the preset conditions are met, the system automatically switches the data stream to the heterogeneous fusion path with better cost.

[0012] The overall cost of each link is ;in, For link bandwidth, For link latency, Energy consumption per unit of data This is a weighting parameter used to adjust preferences for bandwidth, latency, and energy consumption during path selection.

[0013] In step S4, each wireless communication node includes an active state, a dormant state, and a listening state. Based on the remaining energy, traffic demand, and neighbor activation status of the wireless communication node, the optimal state of the wireless communication node at each time moment is determined through optimization objectives. When participating in data forwarding, the wireless communication node determines the forwarding priority of data packets in collaboration with its own remaining energy and the remaining energy of its neighbors. When forwarding data, the wireless communication node preferentially selects the neighbor node with the highest forwarding priority as the next-hop node for data forwarding.

[0014] The forwarding priority of a wireless communication node is determined by the ratio of the node's own remaining energy to the average remaining energy of its neighbors, where the average remaining energy of the neighbors is the average of the remaining energy of all the neighboring nodes of the wireless communication node to be forwarded.

[0015] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The coal mine pipeline information transmission method integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless technology provided in this application prioritizes coverage of key monitoring points and data aggregation nodes through the optical fiber backbone network, combined with wireless nodes forming a self-organizing network to fill blind spots in optical fiber dead zones. This solves the problems of difficult cabling and incomplete signal coverage in complex pipeline environments by traditional single optical fiber communication, achieving seamless coverage of underground pipeline information transmission. Simultaneously, the heterogeneous fusion networking technology supports dynamic path switching and network self-healing, allowing for rapid switching to the optimal path when optical fiber or wireless links fail, ensuring the continuity and stability of data transmission. The use of flexible optical fiber and corrosion-resistant sheath materials, combined with an adaptive cabling algorithm, optimizes both path length and curvature, avoiding obstacle interference and improving the adaptability of optical fiber deployment in narrow and complex pipeline environments. The dynamic weight adjustment mechanism can respond to link damage in real time, automatically updating the optimal path, reducing the frequency of manual maintenance and lowering operation and maintenance costs.

[0016] 2. The wireless nodes utilize an energy-efficient intelligent scheduling algorithm to dynamically adjust their operating status and forwarding priority based on remaining energy and traffic demand. This balances network energy consumption, preventing premature failure of individual nodes due to excessive consumption, significantly extending the lifespan of the wireless nodes, and reducing overall system energy consumption. This makes it suitable for long-term stable operation in underground coal mines. Integrating the high bandwidth and anti-interference advantages of fiber optics with the flexible deployment characteristics of wireless nodes, the system employs multi-path redundancy, link quality awareness, and cross-layer load balancing strategies to enhance its resistance to harsh underground environments (such as electromagnetic interference and structural changes). It can adapt to various business needs such as gas monitoring and equipment status acquisition, providing reliable support for intelligent safety monitoring in coal mines. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 is a flowchart of a coal mine pipeline information transmission method that integrates optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0019] This application provides a coal mine pipeline information transmission method integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless technology. As exemplarily shown in Figure 1, the method includes S1: using flexible optical fiber and corrosion-resistant sheath material, planning an optical fiber backbone network based on an adaptive cabling algorithm, and prioritizing coverage of key monitoring points and data aggregation nodes.

[0020] Key monitoring points refer to the locations where environmental parameters of underground pipelines in coal mines are collected, while data aggregation nodes refer to the locations where data from each monitoring point is centrally received and processed.

[0021] More specifically, in step S1, the fiber optic adaptive cabling algorithm involves: digitally modeling the actual environment of the coal mine pipeline, determining the set of monitoring points and data aggregation nodes where fiber optic cables need to be deployed, and obtaining the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of each node. For example, let the set of monitoring points and data aggregation nodes within the coal mine pipeline where fiber optic cables need to be deployed be... Each node The three-dimensional spatial coordinates are .

[0022] Determine the set of obstacles inside the pipeline, and describe the spatial extent of each obstacle using boundary functions. For example, the set of obstacles inside the pipeline is: Every obstacle Boundary functions can be used Describe its spatial extent.

[0023] Based on digital environmental modeling, a path planning method combining distance and bending costs is adopted to construct an objective function to optimize the fiber optic deployment path, ensuring that the cabling path does not intersect with any obstacles. A dynamic adaptive strategy is employed to monitor the signal attenuation or impairment indicators of the laid fiber optic links in real time. When the indicators exceed a preset threshold, the weight of the link is dynamically adjusted to reduce its priority in path replanning. The system recalculates the objective function and updates the optimal path at regular intervals and when abnormal link weights are detected, ensuring continuous optimization and self-healing of the overall network structure and improving the stability and reliability of fiber optic transmission.

[0024] For example, the objective function is: in, For fiber optic cabling solutions, there are ordered pairs of connected nodes. ; For nodes and The Euclidean distance between them represents the wiring length; The angle between two adjacent fiber optic paths is defined as: Where "·" represents the vector dot product, indicating the curvature of the wiring path; For the bending penalty function, Used to suppress sharp bends in wiring; yes The coordinates of the node; These are weighting coefficients that control the balance between length and curvature; constraints. , It is an obstacle.

[0025] The link weight adjustment formula is as follows: in, For a moment Time fiber link The weights; For the preset threshold, This is an adjustment coefficient used to adjust the weight increment. The activation function is used only for signal attenuation or impairment indicators. Adjustments are made when the threshold is exceeded.

[0026] S2: Deploy ultra-low power short-range wireless communication nodes in pipe bends and intersections where fiber optic cables are difficult to lay and signals attenuate.

[0027] Among them, the ultra-low power short-range wireless communication node (hereinafter referred to as node) refers to a device for data transmission with low power consumption and short communication distance. The wireless communication node realizes local self-organizing network through low power sleep wake-up mechanism and intelligent signal relay function, automatically fills blind spots and dynamically adjusts communication topology, and transmits blind spot data to the backbone network in step S1.

[0028] In step S2, ultra-low power short-range wireless communication nodes are deployed in areas not covered by the fiber optic cable, the set of wireless communication nodes in the coverage area is determined, and the coordinates of each node are obtained. For example, in the node discovery and connection establishment phase, let the set of wireless nodes in the coverage area be denoted as... Each node Having coordinates .

[0029] When the distance between two nodes is less than or equal to the wireless communication radius of the nodes, a direct communication link is established, the neighbor set of each node is determined, and a local wireless ad hoc network topology is generated. During the adaptive link maintenance and route optimization phase, the link quality of any node pair is characterized by signal strength. When the signal strength is less than the minimum acceptable signal strength, the link is automatically disconnected and the neighbor set is updated.

[0030] For example, node The wireless communication radius is ,like Then the node and Direct communication links can be established, and all nodes are neighbors; each node's neighbor set is as follows: The topology generated by a local wireless ad hoc network is represented as follows: The sum of the edge sets is: During the adaptive link maintenance and route optimization phase, any node pair Link quality is measured by signal strength It means that if If the link is lost, the neighbor set will be automatically disconnected and updated. .in, The minimum acceptable signal strength.

[0031] Data forwarding between nodes adopts a weighted shortest path strategy to determine the route and total forwarding cost from the source node to the sink node, and select the optimal route; when a node fails or a link is disconnected, the network is re-established and a route is selected based on neighbor information and routing costs.

[0032] The total cost of forwarding is in, For link signal quality, Energy consumption for node forwarding Energy consumption weighting factor, path For the source node To the aggregation node The route.

[0033] For example, the optimal route satisfies When a node failure or link disconnection is detected, the node can reorganize the network and select routes based on neighbor information and routing costs to ensure reliable data forwarding and network connectivity.

[0034] S3: It adopts a heterogeneous converged networking technology based on optical fiber and wireless communication, automatically switches data transmission paths according to real-time network status, and improves fault tolerance through multi-path redundancy and link quality awareness algorithms.

[0035] Among them, heterogeneous converged networking technology refers to the technology of integrating two different types of communication methods, optical fiber communication and wireless communication, to form a network.

[0036] In step S3, the entire set of links, including all fiber optic links and wireless links, is determined, and the network nodes, including fiber optic access nodes and wireless communication nodes, are determined. The comprehensive cost of each link is defined, and the fiber optic and wireless hybrid network is abstracted as a weighted undirected graph.

[0037] For example, let the set of all links be... ,in Indicates all fiber optic links. This represents all wireless links; network nodes include fiber optic access nodes and wireless nodes, denoted as... To achieve global optimization of network paths, the overall cost of each link is defined as follows: ;in, For link bandwidth, For link latency, Energy consumption per unit of data The weighting parameters are used to adjust preferences for bandwidth, latency, and energy consumption during path selection. Using the aforementioned comprehensive cost, the hybrid fiber-to-wireless network is abstracted as a weighted undirected graph. The weights of each side are... This provides a foundation for subsequent path selection and resource scheduling.

[0038] A dynamic interface switching algorithm based on real-time network status is adopted. For any source node and destination node, the pure fiber path and heterogeneous fusion path and their total cost are solved respectively. When the preset conditions are met, the system automatically switches the data stream to the heterogeneous fusion path with better cost.

[0039] Because the status of fiber optic and wireless links fluctuates dynamically due to environmental disturbances during actual operation, this application proposes a dynamic interface switching algorithm based on real-time network status to ensure the continuity and high availability of data transmission. For any source node s and destination node d, a dynamic interface switching algorithm can be implemented in the abstract graph. The pure fiber path is obtained separately. and heterogeneous fusion path The total costs are as follows: in Select only fiber optic links. It can include any combination of fiber optic and wireless; when it is detected that the total cost of the current fiber optic main path is significantly higher than that of the heterogeneous path, and the time since the last switch is greater than the minimum time. If the system automatically switches the data stream to a more cost-effective heterogeneous fusion path, it will automatically switch the data stream to the heterogeneous fusion path.

[0040] This application also proposes a cross-layer (service layer—link layer) joint optimization strategy for traffic scheduling and load balancing. Let all service flows to be scheduled be... Each stream Bandwidth required Maximum tolerable latency ; through binary variables Represents a stream Whether it passes through the link : As one possible implementation, the global optimization objective is designed as a weighted average of latency, energy consumption, and load balancing. For example, the objective function is as follows: in, It is the weighted total latency and energy consumption of the entire network traffic. Penalty for link load balancing The weighting factor is used to constrain each flow to choose one and only one path, and the traffic on each link cannot exceed its bandwidth.

[0041] S4: Introduce an energy efficiency optimization intelligent scheduling algorithm at the wireless communication node end. Based on real-time data traffic, node remaining power, and network load, intelligently schedule the working cycle and communication frequency of the wireless communication node and dynamically adjust the data transmission priority.

[0042] In step S4, each wireless communication node includes an active state, a sleep state, and a listen state, based on the remaining energy of the wireless communication node. Traffic demand Based on the activation status of neighbors, the optimal state of the wireless communication node at each time step is determined through the optimization objective.

[0043] For example, the set of states is defined as follows: Combined with remaining energy Traffic demand The activation status of nodes and their neighbors, at each time step. The state is determined by the optimization objective as follows: in It is a node At any moment The optimal state; It is the remaining energy of the node; It is the data traffic to be processed; It is the number of active nodes among the neighbors; These are the state transition weight parameters.

[0044] When participating in data forwarding, wireless communication nodes collaboratively determine the forwarding priority of data packets based on their own remaining energy and the remaining energy of their neighbors; when forwarding data, wireless communication nodes preferentially select the neighbor node with the highest forwarding priority as the next-hop node for data forwarding.

[0045] The forwarding priority of a wireless communication node is determined by the ratio of the node's own remaining energy to the average remaining energy of its neighbors, where the average remaining energy of the neighbors is the average of the remaining energy of all the neighboring nodes of the wireless communication node to be forwarded.

[0046] For example, define a node The forwarding priority is: in, It is the node's own remaining energy. It is the average remaining energy of the neighbors. This is a small constant to prevent the denominator from being zero. When forwarding data, nodes prioritize selecting the node with the highest forwarding priority as the next hop, thereby balancing network energy consumption and extending the overall network lifetime; the path selection is as follows: That is, the neighbor node with the highest priority is selected as the next forwarding node.

[0047] To evaluate the actual performance of the method provided in this application, a 500-meter-long experimental platform was constructed in a simulated underground coal mine pipeline environment. Environmental parameters (temperature, humidity, dust, obstacle arrangement, etc.) were simulated for a real mine. Fiber optic links were preferentially laid along the main pipeline, with key monitoring nodes deployed approximately every 40 meters, totaling 20 nodes. Twelve nodes were directly connected to the fiber optic cable, while the remaining eight, located in pipeline bends, densely packed support areas, and construction interference zones, used ultra-low-power wireless nodes for self-organizing network coverage. The wireless nodes possessed low-power sleep and wake-up mechanisms. The experimental platform was equipped with multiple data streams, including gas, temperature and humidity, vibration, and high-definition video, and implemented a unified heterogeneous network management system to continuously monitor and compare indicators such as network coverage, end-to-end latency, packet loss rate, and node energy consumption. The experiment was compared with pure fiber optic networking and pure wireless networking schemes.

[0048] Experimental results show that the proposed solution achieves over 95% network coverage in complex pipeline structures with all nodes evenly distributed. In terms of end-to-end data transmission, the average latency of the fusion system is 12 milliseconds, only about 10 milliseconds higher than the pure fiber optic solution, but significantly lower than the over 40 milliseconds of the pure wireless system. The data packet loss rate is controlled within 0.5%. The average power consumption of the wireless nodes is approximately 15 milliwatts, more than 60% lower than traditional wireless systems without energy efficiency optimization, and the continuous working cycle of the nodes is significantly extended. Overall, the fusion solution achieves blind-spot-free full coverage and improved energy efficiency while ensuring high bandwidth and low latency, fully verifying the practicality and superiority of the proposed method in complex coal mine pipeline scenarios.

[0049] The method provided in this application overcomes the signal blind spots and wiring difficulties caused by limited space, numerous bends, and many obstacles in traditional fiber optic communication systems in underground pipeline environments. By leveraging a converged networking mode of fiber optic and wireless communication, the system ensures high-speed transmission of the backbone network while achieving seamless coverage and efficient coverage of blind spots, complex structures, and special areas. This significantly improves the integrity and real-time performance of underground pipeline information acquisition and transmission, providing effective assurance for the continuous and stable monitoring of coal mine safety.

[0050] By incorporating adaptive cabling optimization and intelligent energy efficiency scheduling algorithms, the system can automatically optimize communication paths and node operating modes based on actual changes in the pipeline structure, node energy status, and service traffic load. When it detects fiber optic link aging, wireless signal attenuation, or low node energy, the system can automatically adjust the network structure, complete path reconstruction and node state switching, significantly reducing overall system energy consumption, extending the lifespan of wireless nodes, reducing manual maintenance, and improving the overall system's operational intelligence and efficiency.

[0051] The method provided in this application employs heterogeneous converged networking and a multi-level fault-tolerant mechanism, significantly enhancing the resilience and robustness of the coal mine integrated pipeline information transmission system. When facing harsh and dynamically changing underground environments (such as collapses, obstacle movement, and electromagnetic interference), the system can automatically switch between fiber optic and wireless links and perform fault-tolerant self-healing, ensuring highly reliable transmission of critical monitoring data and continuous service operation. This solution provides high-quality data communication support for intelligent safety monitoring, emergency response, and intelligent dispatching in coal mines, and has broad application prospects and promotional value.

[0052] In the description of this specification, specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0053] The above are merely specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for information transmission in coal mine pipelines integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless technology, characterized in that, include: S1: Flexible optical fiber and corrosion-resistant sheath material are used. The optical fiber backbone network is planned based on an adaptive cabling algorithm, giving priority to covering key monitoring points and data aggregation nodes. Key monitoring points refer to the locations where environmental parameters of underground coal mine pipelines are collected, and data aggregation nodes refer to the locations where data from each monitoring point is centrally received and processed; S2: Deploy ultra-low power short-range wireless communication nodes at pipeline bends and intersections where fiber optic cables are difficult to lay or where signal attenuation occurs; ultra-low power short-range wireless communication nodes refer to devices used for data transmission with low power consumption and short communication distance. The wireless communication nodes achieve local self-organizing networks through low-power sleep-wake mechanisms and intelligent signal relay functions, automatically fill blind spots and dynamically adjust the communication topology, and transmit data from blind spots to the backbone network in step S1; S3: Adopt heterogeneous converged networking technology based on fiber optic and wireless communication, automatically switch data transmission paths according to real-time network status, and improve fault tolerance through multi-path redundancy and link quality awareness algorithms; heterogeneous converged networking technology refers to the technology of integrating two different types of communication methods, fiber optic communication and wireless communication, to form a network; S4: Introduce an energy efficiency optimization intelligent scheduling algorithm at the wireless communication node end, and intelligently schedule the working cycle and communication frequency of the wireless communication node according to real-time data traffic, node remaining power, and network load, and dynamically adjust the data transmission priority.

2. The coal mine pipeline information transmission method integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, a digital model of the actual environment of the coal mine pipeline is performed to determine the set of monitoring points and data aggregation nodes where optical fibers need to be deployed, and to obtain the three-dimensional spatial coordinates of each node; the set of obstacles inside the pipeline is determined, and the spatial range of each obstacle is described by a boundary function; based on the digital environmental modeling, a path planning method combining distance and bending costs is adopted to construct an objective function to optimize the optical fiber deployment path, ensuring that the wiring path does not intersect with any obstacles; a dynamic adaptive strategy is adopted to monitor the signal attenuation or damage indicators of the laid optical fiber links in real time, and when the indicators exceed a preset threshold, the weight of the link is dynamically adjusted to reduce its priority in path replanning; the system recalculates the objective function and updates the optimal path at regular intervals and when abnormal link weights are detected.

3. The method for information transmission in coal mine pipelines integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The objective function is: in, For fiber optic cabling solutions, there are ordered pairs of connected nodes. ； For nodes and The Euclidean distance between them represents the wiring length; The angle between two adjacent fiber optic paths is defined as: Where · is the vector dot product, representing the curvature of the wiring path; For the bending penalty function, Used to suppress sharp bends in wiring; yes The coordinates of the node; These are weighting coefficients that control the balance between length and curvature; constraints. ， It is an obstacle.

4. The method for information transmission in coal mine pipelines integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless as described in claim 2, characterized in that: The link weight adjustment formula is as follows: in, For a moment Time fiber link The weights; For the preset threshold, This is an adjustment coefficient used to adjust the weight increment. The activation function is used only for signal attenuation or impairment indicators. Adjustments are made when the threshold is exceeded.

5. The method for information transmission in coal mine pipelines integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, ultra-low power short-range wireless communication nodes are deployed in areas not covered by fiber optic cables to determine the set of wireless communication nodes in the coverage area and obtain the coordinates of each node. When the distance between two nodes is less than or equal to the wireless communication radius of the nodes, a direct communication link is established, the neighbor set of each node is determined, and a local wireless ad hoc network topology map is generated. In the adaptive link maintenance and route optimization phase, the link quality of any node pair is characterized by signal strength. When the signal strength is less than the minimum acceptable signal strength, the link is automatically disconnected and the neighbor set is updated. Data forwarding between nodes adopts a weighted shortest path strategy to determine the route and total forwarding cost from the source node to the sink node, and select the optimal route; when a node fails or a link is disconnected, the network is re-established and a route is selected based on neighbor information and routing costs.

6. The coal mine pipeline information transmission method integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless as described in claim 5, characterized in that: The total cost of forwarding is in, For link signal quality, Energy consumption for node forwarding Energy consumption weighting factor, path For the source node To the aggregation node The route.

7. The coal mine pipeline information transmission method integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the entire set of links, including all fiber optic links and wireless links, is determined, and the network nodes, including fiber optic access nodes and wireless communication nodes, are determined; the comprehensive cost of each link is defined, and the fiber optic and wireless hybrid network is abstracted as a weighted undirected graph. A dynamic interface switching algorithm based on real-time network status is adopted. For any source node and destination node, the pure fiber path and heterogeneous fusion path and their total cost are solved respectively. When the preset conditions are met, the system automatically switches the data stream to the heterogeneous fusion path with better cost.

8. The coal mine pipeline information transmission method integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless as described in claim 7, characterized in that: The overall cost of each link is ;in, For link bandwidth, For link latency, Energy consumption per unit of data This is a weighting parameter used to adjust preferences for bandwidth, latency, and energy consumption during path selection.

9. The method for information transmission in coal mine pipelines integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless as described in claim 1, characterized in that: In step S4, each wireless communication node includes an active state, a dormant state, and a listening state. Based on the remaining energy of the wireless communication node, traffic demand, and the activation status of its neighbors, the optimal state of the wireless communication node at each time moment is determined through an optimization objective. When participating in data forwarding, the wireless communication node collaboratively determines the forwarding priority of data packets based on its own remaining energy and the remaining energy of its neighbors. When a wireless communication node forwards data, it prioritizes the neighboring node with the highest forwarding priority as the next-hop node for data forwarding.

10. A coal mine pipeline information transmission method integrating optical fiber and ultra-low power wireless as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The forwarding priority of a wireless communication node is determined by the ratio of the node's own remaining energy to the average remaining energy of its neighbors, where the average remaining energy of the neighbors is the average of the remaining energy of all the neighboring nodes of the wireless communication node to be forwarded.

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