Ecological grass control and land cultivation method for coconut forest based on mixed pasture sowing and gradient grazing

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coconut garden land cultivation, in particular to a coconut forest ecological grass control and land cultivation method based on pasture mixed sowing and gradient grazing, and the method comprises the following steps: removing sundries in a young coconut garden, cutting weeds in a low level, then mixing and sowing gramineous pasture black seed paspalum and leguminous pasture stylosanthes guianensis according to a mass ratio of 5: 1, and the total seed consumption is 25-30kg / hectare. After the forage grass coverage degree is larger than 80% and the plant height is larger than or equal to 30 cm, the gooses are introduced into the gooses at the density of 15-45 gooses per mu for gradient grazing, and the grazing is stopped until the forage grass height is reduced to 10-15 cm. According to the method, dual grass control is achieved through grass competition and goose group ingestion, leguminous nitrogen fixation and goose manure returning are used for improving soil fertility and promoting coconut tree growth, meanwhile, goose products are produced, an ecological cycle mode of raising geese with grass, controlling grass with geese and raising land with grass is formed, the management cost is remarkably reduced, and the method has ecological and economic dual benefits.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coconut plantation soil conservation technology, specifically to a method for controlling grass growth and conserving soil in coconut groves based on mixed pasture sowing and gradient grazing. Background Technology

[0002] Tropical regions offer favorable hydrothermal conditions, leading to rapid weed growth under coconut groves. These weeds not only compete with coconut trees for water, sunlight, and soil nutrients, resulting in decreased coconut yield and quality, but also significantly increase grove management costs. Currently, common weed management methods under coconut groves suffer from the following drawbacks: Manual / mechanical weeding: labor-intensive, frequent, and costly, and difficult to continue during the rainy season. If the removed weeds are not removed, nutrients are easily lost after decomposition; if they are removed, the material cycle of the ecosystem is interrupted.

[0003] Chemical weed control: Long-term use of herbicides can easily cause soil residues and environmental pollution, may damage the root system of coconut trees, and lead to increased herbicide resistance in weeds, thus disrupting the ecological balance under the forest.

[0004] Simple understory cover (mulch): Planting only one type of cover plant (such as certain grasses) can suppress some weeds, but the ecological function is singular, the soil improvement effect is limited, the biomass cannot be economically utilized, and it may become a new management burden.

[0005] Monoculture grazing: There have been attempts to raise geese and other herbivorous poultry in orchards, but if the forage species are monoculture or the management is extensive, it is easy to cause overgrazing, soil compaction, and degradation of the forage community, making it impossible to form a stable symbiotic system, and the effects of weed control and fertilization are unsustainable.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an ecological, sustainable, and economically beneficial integrated management technology for coconut groves to achieve multiple objectives, including long-term and effective weed control, soil fertility improvement, and promotion of the main crop (coconut). Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the above problems, this invention provides a method for controlling weeds and nourishing soil in coconut groves based on mixed pasture sowing and gradient grazing. This method constructs a multifunctional composite agricultural ecosystem. The coconut grove canopy provides a suitable microenvironment for the underlying layer; the mixed pasture (black-seeded paspalum and stylosus) functions to suppress weeds, fix nitrogen and enrich the soil, and provide high-quality feed; gradient grazing of geese is a key driving force for realizing the system's material cycle and energy flow. Their grazing behavior controls the height of the grass layer and weeds, and their excrement is directly returned to the field, nourishing the soil together with the grass roots and litter, ultimately promoting the growth of coconut trees, while also producing economic by-products such as goose meat and goose eggs. Specifically, the method includes the following steps: Step 1: Select a young coconut grove with good water and heat conditions and relatively flat soil. Remove debris and poisonous or thorny weeds. Cut other weeds at ground level and turn them over for low mowing.

[0008] Step 2: After rain or artificial irrigation, sow grasses and legumes in the garden. The total seed rate is 25-30 kg / hectare, and the sowing density of grasses and legumes is 5:1.

[0009] Preferably, the grass plant is black-seeded barnyard grass.

[0010] Preferably, the legume is Stylosanthes.

[0011] Step 3: Grazing is prohibited before the pasture coverage is >80% and the pasture height is ≥30cm. Once the pasture has grown to the required standard, geese are introduced at a density of 15-45 geese per acre. Grazing of geese is stopped when the pasture height is 10-15cm.

[0012] The most preferred density is 15 birds / acre or 30 birds / acre.

[0013] Preferably, during the off-season for pasture growth, corn concentrate should be supplemented appropriately, with an amount of 200-300g / day / goose.

[0014] Preferably, the breed of geese is Zhejiang White Goose or Lion Head Goose.

[0015] The present invention has the following advantages: (1) This invention rapidly covers the ground with highly competitive black-seeded paspalum, thus displacing weeds spatially; the vigorous creeping growth of Stylosanthes stylosus further inhibits weed germination. Geese's feeding preferences (preferring tender weeds) can specifically remove any weeds that slip through the net, forming a dual weed control mechanism of plant competition + biological control, which is far more effective than a single method.

[0016] (2) The biological nitrogen fixation of Stylosanthes chinensis directly converts atmospheric nitrogen into soil-available nitrogen. Goose manure, as a high-quality organic fertilizer, has high nutrient content and rapid mineralization. Through the movement of geese, the fertilizer is evenly distributed under the forest canopy, realizing an efficient internal nutrient cycle of nitrogen fixation + livestock and poultry conversion + uniform fertilization, which significantly improves the soil organic matter and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content.

[0017] (3) The deep and dense root system of mixed pasture grass can improve soil aggregate structure and aeration. The continuously increasing soil nutrients and healthy rhizosphere environment make the coconut tree root system more developed, enhancing its ability to absorb water and nutrients, thereby promoting tree growth and improving coconut yield and quality.

[0018] (4) It completely replaces or significantly reduces manual / chemical weeding, greatly reducing management costs. The grazing geese produce meat and eggs, opening up new sources of income. It has achieved a virtuous cycle of ecological economy, in which grass is used to feed geese, geese are used to control grass, grass is used to nourish the land, and the land is used to nourish trees, resulting in significant comprehensive benefits.

[0019] (5) No chemical agents are used throughout the process, protecting the ecological environment and biodiversity. The system recycles materials, reducing dependence on external fertilizers, which is in line with the green and low-carbon development direction of modern agriculture. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This refers to the amount of grass produced.

[0023] Figure 3 This refers to the nutrient content of the forage.

[0024] Figure 4 This describes changes in soil nutrients.

[0025] Figure 5 These are the growth characteristics of coconut trees. Detailed Implementation

[0026] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0027] Experimental Example 1 Step 1: Select a young coconut grove with good water and heat conditions and relatively flat soil. Remove debris and noxious weeds, including poisonous and thorny ones, and cut other weeds low.

[0028] Step 2: After rain or artificial irrigation, sow black-seeded paspalum and stylosus in the garden. The total seed rate is 30 kg / hectare, and the sowing density ratio of black-seeded paspalum and stylosus is 5:1.

[0029] Step 3: Grazing is prohibited until the pasture coverage is >80% and the pasture height is ≥30cm. Once the pasture has reached the required growth level (approximately 60-90 days after sowing), Zhejiang White Geese are introduced. To find the optimal carrying capacity, four grazing rate treatments are set up, for example: Treatment T1 (control, CK): 0 geese / acre Treatment T2 (Low Intensity, LG): 15 geese / acre Treatment T3 (medium intensity, MG): 30 geese / acre Treatment T4 (High Intensity, HG): 45 geese / acre When the pasture reaches a height of 10-15cm, grazing should be stopped, and during the off-season for pasture growth, appropriate amounts of concentrated feed should be supplemented.

[0030] Step four involves testing for grass yield, forage nutrient content, soil organic matter, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content, soil bulk density, and coconut tree growth traits after two years. Results are shown in [see attached table]. Figure 2-5 .

[0031] Depend on Figure 2-5 It was found that, compared with the control (CK), low-density and medium-density grazing significantly increased grassland yield by 1.5-1.6 tons / acre, while heavy grazing significantly reduced soil pH by approximately 0.3. Soil organic matter content in grazing areas increased by 34.7-116.4%, total nitrogen content by 14.7-53.5%, total phosphorus content by 33.6-120.5%, and nitrate nitrogen content by 25.3-58.9%. Some nutrients only increased under light and medium grazing conditions, such as available phosphorus content increasing by 19.8-91.3% and ammonium nitrogen content increasing by 46.4-71.0%.

[0032] The method of this invention significantly promotes coconut growth, increasing plant height by 7.7-21.2%, tree diameter circumference by 10.7-25.6%, leaf width by 4.3-22.0%, and leaflet weight by 60.6-112.9%. Low grazing intensity increases the number of leaves by 23.1%, low and moderate grazing increase chlorophyll SPAD values ​​by 27.3-33.2%, and moderate and heavy grazing increase leaf length by 13.6-25.1% and petiole length by 6.1-37.2%.

[0033] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables those skilled in the art to make or use the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for controlling weed growth and improving soil conservation in coconut groves based on mixed pasture sowing and gradient grazing, characterized in that, Select a young coconut plantation with good water and heat conditions and flat soil. Remove debris, cut weeds at ground level and turn them over. Sow grass and legume forage grasses with a total seed rate of 25-30 kg / hectare. The sowing density ratio of grass and legume forage grasses should be 5:

1. Grazing is prohibited before the forage grass coverage is >80% and the forage grass height is ≥30 cm. After the forage grass grows to the standard, introduce geese at a density of 15-45 geese / mu. Stop grazing geese when the forage grass height is 10-15 cm.

2. The method for controlling weeds and nourishing soil in coconut groves based on mixed pasture sowing and gradient grazing, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The grass species mentioned is black-seeded paspalum.

3. The method for controlling weeds and nourishing soil in coconut groves based on mixed pasture sowing and gradient grazing, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The legume in question is Stylosanthes.

4. The method for controlling weeds and nourishing soil in coconut groves based on mixed pasture sowing and gradient grazing, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The density is 15 birds / mu or 30 birds / mu.

5. A method for controlling weed growth and improving soil conservation in coconut groves based on mixed pasture sowing and gradient grazing, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... During the off-season for pasture growth, supplement with concentrated feed at a rate of 200-300g / day / goose.

6. A method for controlling weed growth and improving soil conservation in coconut groves based on mixed pasture sowing and gradient grazing, as described in claim 5, is characterized in that... The concentrated feed is corn.

7. The method for controlling weed growth and improving soil conservation in coconut groves based on mixed pasture sowing and gradient grazing, as described in claim 1, is characterized in that... The breed of geese mentioned is either Zhejiang White Goose or Lion Head Goose.

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