An adaptive control method for controller ftu driving switch

Abstract

This invention provides an adaptive control method for a controller FTU driving a switch. The method includes: after the controller FTU is powered on, defining the drive output terminal of the controller FTU so that spring-operated output, permanent magnet output, and magnetically controlled output are all output through the drive output terminal; acquiring the operating power supply voltage and simultaneously acquiring the I / O port status information of the loop detection circuits for the three circuits (opening, closing, and storage); determining the drive type of the switch mechanism currently requiring output based on the acquired signal combination status; the controller FTU automatically adjusting the default output pulse width based on the determination result; and switching to the corresponding spring-operated drive board or permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board for output through a drive switching circuit. This invention integrates drive circuits for multiple switch mechanisms and automatically adjusts the output pulse width according to different switch mechanism types and operating conditions, achieving precise drive for different types of pole-mounted switches and improving the reliability and stability of the power system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of FTU switch drive technology in power systems, specifically to an adaptive control method for FTU-driven switches, applicable to the drive control of power equipment such as pole-mounted switches (circuit breakers), capable of automatically adjusting the output pulse width according to different switch mechanism types, achieving precise drive of the switch mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] In power systems, pole-mounted switches are crucial power distribution equipment, and their control accuracy and reliability directly affect the stable operation of the power system. The FTU (Fault-Turn Unit) controller, as the core of the pole-mounted switch, needs to be adaptable to different types of switching mechanisms, such as spring-operated mechanisms, permanent magnet mechanisms, and magnetically controlled mechanisms. Each mechanism has different drive voltage levels; for example, spring-operated mechanisms include DC24V, DC48V, AC110V, and AC220V, while permanent magnet structures include DC48V and DC220V, and magnetically controlled mechanisms include DC380V. Therefore, there are many models of distribution network feeder terminal (FTU) controllers that are matched with the secondary side of each pole-mounted switch (circuit breaker). Each structure (spring-operated, permanent magnet, magnetically controlled) corresponds to a major type number. Each major type number is further subdivided into many different series models due to the different drive voltage levels (24V, 48V, 220V, 380V). In other words, due to the lack of versatility of the controllers, the company's production and material preparation are complicated and cumbersome, the production assembly and testing efficiency is low, and the after-sales maintenance costs remain high.

[0003] Traditional FTU driving methods are typically designed for specific switching mechanisms, with each drive circuit only compatible with one or a few types of switching mechanisms. When it is necessary to replace or use different types of switching mechanisms, it is often necessary to replace the entire FTU controller or carry out large-scale modifications to the drive circuit. This not only increases costs but also reduces the system's flexibility and maintainability.

[0004] Furthermore, existing FTUs use a relatively fixed pulse width adjustment method when driving switching mechanisms, which cannot be dynamically adjusted according to different operating power supply voltages, load conditions, and other factors. This affects the accuracy and reliability of switching actions. For example, when the operating power supply voltage fluctuates or the load changes significantly, a fixed pulse width output may result in incomplete switching action or excessively long action time, thereby affecting the normal operation of the power system. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This invention provides an adaptive control method for FTU-driven switches. By integrating drive circuits for multiple switching mechanisms and automatically adjusting the output pulse width according to different switching mechanism types and operating conditions, it achieves precise driving of different types of pole-mounted switches, thereby improving the reliability and stability of the power system.

[0006] The present invention achieves the above objectives through the following technical solutions:

[0007] An adaptive control method for a controller FTU driving a switch includes:

[0008] After the controller FTU is powered on, define the drive output terminal of the controller FTU so that the spring-operated output, permanent magnet output and magnetic control output are all output through the drive output terminal;

[0009] Collect the operating power supply voltage and simultaneously acquire the I / O port status information of the loop detection circuit for the three circuits of opening, closing, and storage;

[0010] The drive type of the switching mechanism that needs to be output is determined based on the collected signal combination state, where:

[0011] If the operating power supply voltage is AC, it is determined to be a spring mechanism, and further classified as AC110V or AC220V according to the voltage amplitude.

[0012] If the operating power supply voltage is DC, the switching mechanism is determined to be one of the following based on the voltage range and the level change characteristics of the I / O port status information: spring-operated mechanism DC24V, spring-operated mechanism DC48V, permanent magnet mechanism DC48V, permanent magnet mechanism DC220V, or magnetic control mechanism DC380V, according to the comprehensive analysis of the voltage range and the level change characteristics of the I / O port status information.

[0013] The controller FTU automatically adjusts the default output pulse width based on the judgment result and switches to the corresponding spring-loaded drive board or permanent magnet / magnetic control drive board for output through the drive switching circuit.

[0014] According to the adaptive control method for an FTU-driven switch provided by the present invention, when the operating power supply voltage is DC, a comprehensive judgment is made based on the voltage range and the level change characteristics of the I / O port status information, combined with a preset time threshold, including:

[0015] If the detected voltage value is within the first preset voltage range and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold, and it is determined that there is a level flipping phenomenon at the I / O port of the loop detection circuit, then it is determined that the spring mechanism is DC48V.

[0016] If the detected voltage value is lower than the second preset voltage threshold and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold, it is determined that the spring mechanism is DC24V.

[0017] According to the adaptive control method of the controller FTU driving switch provided by the present invention, if the detected voltage value is within the third preset voltage range and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold, and it is determined that there is no level flipping phenomenon in the I / O port of the loop detection circuit, then it is determined to be DC220V of the permanent magnet mechanism.

[0018] If the detected voltage value is within the first preset voltage range and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold, and it is determined that there is no level flipping phenomenon at the I / O port of the loop detection circuit, then it is determined to be DC48V for the permanent magnet mechanism.

[0019] If the detected voltage value is higher than the fourth preset voltage threshold and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold, it is determined that the magnetic control mechanism is DC380V.

[0020] According to the adaptive control method of the controller FTU driving switch provided by the present invention, the loop detection circuit includes an optocoupler OC1 and a loop detection power supply terminal. The output side of the optocoupler OC1 is connected to a resistor R1 and a capacitor C2. One end of the resistor R1 is connected to the power supply, and the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C2. The other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded, thereby forming an I / O port level detection circuit.

[0021] The input side of the optocoupler OC1 is connected to the three outputs of the switching mechanism (opening, closing, and storing) and the circuit detection power supply. The three outputs of the switching mechanism are connected to the input side of the optocoupler OC1 in sequence through diode D3, diode D4, capacitor C1, and rectifier diode D2.

[0022] According to the adaptive control method of the controller FTU driving switch provided by the present invention, the driving switching circuit includes a relay switch, which includes a main control terminal, an input contact group, and a state transition contact group. The main control terminal of the relay switch is connected to the controller FTU core board, and the on / off state of the relay switch is regulated by the control signal output by the controller FTU core board. The operating voltage input port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the operating power supply through the input contact group, and the drive output port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the drive output terminal through the state transition contact group. When the determination result is a spring-operated mechanism, the drive output terminal is configured to connect to the external spring-operated mechanism and related control circuit. At the same time, the spring-operated drive board transmits its own state feedback signal back to the FTU controller core board in real time to monitor the working state of the spring-operated drive board in real time.

[0023] According to the adaptive control method of the controller FTU drive switch provided by the present invention, the operating voltage input port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the operating power supply through the input contact group, and the drive output port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the drive output terminal through the state change contact group; when the determination result is a permanent magnet mechanism or a magnetically controlled mechanism, the drive output terminal is configured to connect to the external permanent magnet mechanism or magnetically controlled mechanism; at the same time, the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board transmits its own state feedback signal back to the FTU controller core board in real time to monitor the working status of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board in real time.

[0024] According to the adaptive control method of the controller FTU driving switch provided by the present invention, the input contact group includes a first input contact and a second input contact. The first input contact has a stationary contact 4, a stationary contact 8 and a moving contact 12. The second input contact has a stationary contact 3, a stationary contact 7 and a moving contact 11. The state transition contact group includes a first output contact and a second output contact. The first output contact has a stationary contact 2, a stationary contact 6 and a moving contact 10. The second output contact has a stationary contact 1, a stationary contact 2 and a moving contact 9. The first operating voltage input port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the stationary contact 8. The two operating voltage input ports are connected to the stationary contact 7. The first operating voltage input port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the stationary contact 4. The second operating voltage input port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the stationary contact 3. The first drive output port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the stationary contact 6. The second drive output port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the stationary contact 5. The first drive output port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the stationary contact 2. The second drive output port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the stationary contact 1. Moving contacts 12 and 11 are connected to the operating power supply respectively. Moving contacts 9 and 10 are connected to the drive output terminal respectively.

[0025] According to the adaptive control method of the controller FTU driving switch provided by the present invention, the controller FTU acquires the determination result obtained by determining the driving type based on the signal combination state in real time. The determination result is used to indicate whether the current output should be sent to the spring-operated drive board or the permanent magnet / magnetic control drive board for driving operation.

[0026] The FTU's storage unit pre-stores a set of default pulse width values ​​corresponding to different drive types, namely spring-operated drive and permanent magnet / magnetic control drive, as well as a table of pulse width adjustment parameters associated with different system operating conditions. After obtaining the judgment result, the FTU retrieves the corresponding basic default pulse width value from the storage unit according to the drive type determined by the judgment result.

[0027] The controller FTU simultaneously starts monitoring the current operating condition of the system, and obtains the current operating parameters of the system through the built-in monitoring module or by communicating with external sensors; based on the obtained operating parameters, it queries the pulse width adjustment parameter table to determine the pulse width adjustment parameters that match the current operating condition;

[0028] The controller FTU uses the obtained pulse width adjustment parameters to calculate and adjust the default value of the base pulse width to obtain the automatically adjusted default value of the output pulse width.

[0029] After the automatic adjustment of the output pulse width default value is completed, the controller FTU sends a switching control signal to the drive switching circuit. The drive switching circuit switches the output channel of the controller FTU to the spring-operated drive board or permanent magnet / magnetic control drive board corresponding to the judgment result according to the switching control signal. The controller FTU outputs a control signal to the corresponding drive board through the switched output channel according to the adjusted output pulse width default value to drive the external switching equipment to perform the corresponding operation.

[0030] An adaptive control method for a controller FTU-driven switch according to the present invention calculates and adjusts the default value of the base pulse width using the acquired pulse width adjustment parameters, including the following steps:

[0031] Initialize two weight coefficients w 1 and w 2, of which w 1 is used for the default value of the base pulse width. P base Weight allocation, w 2. Weighting of pulse width adjustment parameters;

[0032] Real-time monitoring of system operating status indicators, including system power fluctuation rate Δ P rate and the rate of change of ambient temperature Δ Trate According to the system power fluctuation rate Δ P rate Adjusting weighting coefficients w 1 and w 2, when Δ P rate Greater than the preset power fluctuation threshold P threshold When adjusting the weights, follow the formula below:

[0033] w 1= w 1 β 1×(Δ P rate P threshold )

[0034] w 2= w 2+ β 1×(Δ P rate P threshold )

[0035] in, β 1 represents the power fluctuation adjustment coefficient;

[0036] Based on the rate of change of ambient temperature Δ T rate Further fine-tuning of the weighting coefficients, when Δ T rate Temperature change greater than the preset threshold T threshold When adjusting the weights, follow the formula below:

[0037] w 1= w 1 β 2×(Δ T rate T threshold )

[0038] w 2= w 2+ β 2×(Δ T rate T threshold )

[0039] in, β 2 represents the temperature change adjustment coefficient.

[0040] According to the adaptive control method for FTU-driven switches provided by the present invention, after each weight adjustment, the... w 1 and w 2. Perform normalization. The normalization formula is:

[0041]

[0042]

[0043] The pulse width adjustment parameter is normalized to a value close to the default value of the base pulse width. The normalization formula is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] in, P adj Adjust parameters for the original pulse width. P adj_min and P adj_max These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the pulse width adjustment parameter, respectively. P adj_norm The normalized pulse width adjustment parameter;

[0046] Based on the dynamically adjusted weighting coefficients w 1 andw 2, and the normalized pulse width adjustment parameters P adj_norm and the default value of the base pulse width P base The default output pulse width is calculated according to the following formula. P out :

[0047] P out = w 1× P base + w 2× P adj_norm × K

[0048] in, K This is a scaling factor used to further adjust the influence of the pulse width adjustment parameter on the output pulse width.

[0049] Therefore, compared with the prior art, the adaptive control method for the controller FTU driving the switch proposed in this invention has the following advantages:

[0050] 1. The FTU of this invention integrates the circuits of the drive spring mechanism, permanent magnet mechanism and magnetic control mechanism. It achieves connection with different types of switching mechanisms through a unified external wiring terminal, avoiding the problem of needing to replace the controller or modify the drive circuit for different switching mechanisms in the traditional method, and improving the versatility and flexibility of the system.

[0051] 2. This invention collects the external operating power supply voltage and combines it with the I / O port level status collected by the MCU. Through a specific software algorithm, it accurately determines the type of the switching mechanism, providing a basis for subsequent pulse width adjustment.

[0052] 3. Based on different switching mechanism types and operating conditions, such as operating power supply voltage and load conditions, this invention uses a dynamic weighted adaptive linear combination algorithm to automatically adjust the output pulse width, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of switching actions.

[0053] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0054] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of an embodiment of an adaptive control method for a controller FTU driving a switch according to the present invention.

[0055] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the process of determining the drive type of the switch mechanism that needs to be output in an embodiment of the adaptive control method for an FTU-driven switch according to the present invention.

[0056] Figure 3 This is a circuit diagram of the loop detection circuit in an embodiment of the adaptive control method for an FTU-driven switch according to the present invention.

[0057] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the drive switching circuit in an embodiment of the adaptive control method for an FTU-driven switch according to the present invention.

[0058] Figure 5 This is an overall schematic diagram of the external wiring terminals of the controller FTU in an embodiment of the adaptive control method for driving a switch by a controller FTU according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0059] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0060] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0061] See Figure 1 This embodiment provides an adaptive control method for a controller FTU driving a switch, including:

[0062] Step S1: After the controller FTU is powered on, define the drive output terminal of the controller FTU so that the spring-operated output, permanent magnet output and magnetic control output are all output through the drive output terminal.

[0063] Step S2: Collect the operating power supply voltage and simultaneously acquire the I / O port status information of the loop detection circuit for the three circuits of switching and storage;

[0064] Step S3: Determine the drive type of the switching mechanism that needs to be output based on the collected signal combination state, wherein:

[0065] If the operating power supply voltage is AC, it is determined to be a spring mechanism, and further classified as AC110V or AC220V according to the voltage amplitude.

[0066] If the operating power supply voltage is DC, the switching mechanism is determined to be one of the following based on the voltage range and the level change characteristics of the I / O port status information: spring-operated mechanism DC24V, spring-operated mechanism DC48V, permanent magnet mechanism DC48V, permanent magnet mechanism DC220V, or magnetic control mechanism DC380V, according to the comprehensive analysis of the voltage range and the level change characteristics of the I / O port status information.

[0067] In step S4, the controller FTU automatically adjusts the default value of the output pulse width according to the judgment result, and switches to the corresponding spring-operated drive board or permanent magnet / magnetic control drive board for output through the drive switching circuit, and updates the switching mechanism parameter column on the LCD display interface to display the current judgment result.

[0068] like Figure 2 As shown, when the operating power supply voltage is DC, a comprehensive judgment is made based on the voltage range and the level change characteristics of the I / O port status information, combined with a preset duration threshold, including:

[0069] The first preset voltage range is 35V to 60V, the second preset voltage threshold is below 30V, the third preset voltage range is 150V to 260V, the fourth preset voltage threshold is greater than 260V, and the preset time threshold is 10S.

[0070] If the detected voltage value is within the first preset voltage range and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold (10S), and it is determined that there is a level flipping phenomenon at the I / O port of the loop detection circuit, then it is determined that the spring mechanism is DC48V.

[0071] If the detected voltage value is lower than the second preset voltage threshold and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold (10S), it is determined that the spring mechanism is DC24V.

[0072] If the detected voltage value is within the third preset voltage range and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold (10S), and it is determined that there is no level flipping phenomenon at the I / O port of the loop detection circuit, then it is determined to be DC220V for the permanent magnet mechanism.

[0073] If the detected voltage value is within the first preset voltage range and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold (10S), and it is determined that there is no level flipping phenomenon at the I / O port of the loop detection circuit, then it is determined to be DC48V of the permanent magnet mechanism.

[0074] If the detected voltage value is higher than the fourth preset voltage threshold and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold (10S), it is determined that the magnetic control mechanism is DC380V.

[0075] In this embodiment, as Figure 3As shown, the loop detection circuit includes an optocoupler OC1 and a loop detection power supply terminal. The output side of the optocoupler OC1 is connected to a resistor R1 and a capacitor C2. One end of resistor R1 is connected to the power supply, and the other end is connected to one end of capacitor C2. The other end of capacitor C2 is grounded, thus forming an I / O port level detection circuit. This circuit can further process and stabilize the electrical signal output by the optocoupler, ensuring that the level signal input to the FTU controller core board is accurate and reliable. Based on the received level signal, the FTU controller core board determines the actual state of the storage loop according to preset logic rules, realizing precise monitoring and control of the storage loop's internal operation.

[0076] The input side of optocoupler OC1 is connected to the three output channels of the switching mechanism (open / close and store) and the power supply terminal for loop detection. The three output channels of the switching mechanism are connected to the input side of optocoupler OC1 sequentially via diode D3, diode D4, capacitor C1, and rectifier diode D2. The optocoupler converts the electrical signal on the input side into an optical signal through photoelectric conversion, and then back into an electrical signal on the output side. This achieves electrical isolation between the detection loop and the control loop, effectively blocking electrical interference between different loops and improving the purity and reliability of the detection signal. Simultaneously, the on / off state of the optocoupler accurately reflects the on / off status of the open / close and store loops, providing clear signal characteristics for subsequent level detection.

[0077] In this embodiment, as Figure 4 As shown, the drive switching circuit includes a relay switch, which includes a main control terminal K1A, an input contact group, and a state transition contact group. The main control terminal of the relay switch is connected to the FTU core board of the controller. The control signal output by the FTU core board of the controller is used to regulate the on / off state of the relay switch. The operating voltage input port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the operating power supply through the input contact group. The drive output port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the drive output terminal through the state transition contact group. When the determination result is a spring-operated mechanism, the drive output terminal is configured to connect to the external spring-operated mechanism and related control circuit. At the same time, the spring-operated drive board transmits its own state feedback signal back to the FTU controller core board in real time to monitor the working status of the spring-operated drive board in real time.

[0078] The operating voltage input port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the operating power supply through the input contact group; the drive output port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the drive output terminal through the state change contact group; when the determination result is a permanent magnet mechanism or a magnetically controlled mechanism, the drive output terminal is configured to connect to an external permanent magnet mechanism or magnetically controlled mechanism; at the same time, the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board transmits its own state feedback signal back to the FTU controller core board in real time to monitor the working status of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board in real time.

[0079] Specifically, the input contact group includes a first input contact KIE and a second input contact K1D. The first input contact KIE has stationary contacts 4 and 8 and a moving contact 12. The second input contact K1D has stationary contacts 3 and 7 and a moving contact 11. The state transition contact group includes a first output contact K1C and a second output contact K1B. The first output contact K1C has stationary contacts 2 and 6 and a moving contact 10. The second output contact K1B has stationary contacts 1 and 2 and a moving contact 9. The first operating voltage input port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the stationary contact 8. The second operating voltage input port of the spring-operated drive board... The operating voltage input port is connected to the stationary contact 7. The first operating voltage input port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the stationary contact 4. The second operating voltage input port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the stationary contact 3. The first drive output port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the stationary contact 6. The second drive output port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the stationary contact 5. The first drive output port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the stationary contact 2. The second drive output port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the stationary contact 1. Moving contacts 12 and 11 are connected to the operating power supply respectively. Moving contacts 9 and 10 are connected to the drive output terminal respectively.

[0080] In this embodiment, during the hardware design phase of the controller FTU, the drive output terminals are uniformly planned and defined, with a dedicated pin terminal serving as the integrated output terminal. This terminal possesses sufficient electrical performance in its physical structure to withstand the electrical parameter requirements of different types of signals, including voltage range and current capacity, such as spring-operated output, permanent magnet output, and magnetically controlled output. A corresponding internal circuit connection architecture is designed around this integrated output pin terminal to ensure its proper connection with the drive circuits related to spring-operated, permanent magnet, and magnetically controlled operation.

[0081] Specifically, such as Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 The overall layout of the external wiring terminals of the controller FTU is shown. Each terminal is represented by a rectangle, including CPT-, CPT+, NC1, NC2, COM5, COM6, DO2-, DO2+, DO1-, DO1+, Motor+, Motor-, Close+, Close-, Open+, Open-, RUN+, RUN-, ALM+, ALM-, Start+, Stop+, etc.

[0082] In this embodiment, CPT- and CPT+ are the operating power inputs, depending on the actual application scenario of the equipment; NC1 and NC2 are left unconnected to meet the insulation withstand voltage level between the terminals for "input high-voltage operating voltage"; COM5 and COM6 are common terminals, which are common connection points in relay or switching circuits, used in conjunction with other contacts to achieve different circuit connection states; DO2-, DO2+, DO1-, and DO1+ are two reserved sets of unconnected outputs for customers to easily expand new functions; Motor+ and Motor- are used to connect the positive and negative terminals of the motor, providing power or control signals to drive the motor; Clos e+, Close-, Open+, and Open- are output terminals used to control closing and opening operations, respectively, for controlling the closing and opening of the device. Close+ and Open+ are the closing and opening outputs, respectively, and in this embodiment, they can be used to indicate the drive output terminals of the controller FTU. RUN+ and RUN- are run signal output terminals used to indicate that the device is in operation. ALM+ and ALM- are alarm signal output terminals, which output alarm signals when the device malfunctions or encounters abnormal conditions. Start+ and Stop+ are start and stop control signal output terminals used to send start or stop commands to external devices. These terminal definitions help in correctly connecting external devices and enabling the controller FTU to effectively control and monitor the status of various devices.

[0083] Table 1: Correspondence between input voltage and drive switch voltage for different types of switching mechanisms

[0084]

[0085] As shown in Table 1, Table 1 details the corresponding relationships between different types of switching mechanisms (spring-operated mechanism, permanent magnet mechanism, and magnetically controlled mechanism) in terms of operating voltage input and drive switching voltage output:

[0086] Explosive mechanism

[0087] Operating voltage input: CPT- is DC24V- / DC48V- / AC110V- / AC220V, NC1 / NC2 are not connected, CPT+ is DC24V+ / DC48V+ / AC110V / AC220V.

[0088] Drive switch voltage output: COM5 / COM is the common voltage for opening, closing and storage, MOTOR+ is the voltage for energy storage, CLOSE+ is the voltage for closing, and OPEN+ is the voltage for opening.

[0089] Permanent magnet mechanism (single coil)

[0090] Operating voltage input: CPT- is DC48V- / 220V-, NC1 / NC2 are not connected, CPT+ is DC48V+ / 220V+.

[0091] Drive switch voltage output: MOTOR+ is empty, CLOSE+ is 48V / 220V-closing+, OPEN+ is 48V / 220V+opening+.

[0092] Magnetic control mechanism (single coil)

[0093] Operating voltage input: CPT- is DC380V-, NC1 / NC2 are not connected, CPT+ is DC380V+.

[0094] Drive switch voltage output: MOTOR+ is empty, CLOSE+ is 380V-closing+, OPEN+ is 380V+opening+.

[0095] As can be seen, different types of switching mechanisms can use the same set of controller output terminals, reducing the variety of controller models and facilitating production and maintenance. The unified terminal definition simplifies wiring, reduces the risk of wiring errors, and improves installation efficiency. In practical applications, different types of switching mechanisms can be flexibly replaced as needed without large-scale modifications to the controller. This fixed controller output terminal definition effectively enables drive control of different types of switching mechanisms, improving the compatibility and interchangeability between controllers and switching mechanisms in the power system.

[0096] In this embodiment, the controller FTU acquires the determination result obtained by judging the drive type based on the signal combination state in real time. The determination result is used to indicate whether the current output should be sent to the spring-operated drive board or the permanent magnet / magnetic control drive board for drive operation.

[0097] The FTU's storage unit pre-stores a set of default pulse width values ​​for different drive types, namely spring-operated drive and permanent magnet / magnetic control drive, as well as a table of pulse width adjustment parameters associated with different system operating conditions (such as different voltage levels, load size, ambient temperature, etc.). After obtaining the determination result, the FTU retrieves the corresponding basic default pulse width value from the storage unit according to the drive type determined by the determination result.

[0098] The controller FTU simultaneously starts monitoring the current operating conditions of the system. It obtains the current operating parameters of the system, such as voltage, current, load power, and ambient temperature, through the built-in monitoring module or by communicating with external sensors. Based on the obtained operating parameters, it queries the pre-established pulse width adjustment parameter table to determine the pulse width adjustment parameters that match the current operating conditions.

[0099] The controller FTU uses the obtained pulse width adjustment parameters to calculate and adjust the default value of the base pulse width to obtain the automatically adjusted default value of the output pulse width.

[0100] After the automatic adjustment of the output pulse width default value is completed, the controller FTU sends a switching control signal to the drive switching circuit. The drive switching circuit switches the output channel of the controller FTU to the spring-operated drive board or permanent magnet / magnetic control drive board corresponding to the judgment result according to the switching control signal. The controller FTU outputs a control signal to the corresponding drive board through the switched output channel according to the adjusted output pulse width default value to drive the external switching equipment to perform the corresponding operation.

[0101] Specifically, the obtained pulse width adjustment parameters are used to calculate and adjust the default value of the base pulse width, including the following steps:

[0102] Initialize two weight coefficients w 1 and w 2. Initial values ​​are set based on experience, for example... w 1 = 0.6 w 2 = 0.4, and satisfies w 1+ w 2 = 1, where w 1 is used for the default value of the base pulse width. P base Weight allocation, w 2. Weighting of pulse width adjustment parameters;

[0103] Real-time monitoring of system operating status indicators, such as system power fluctuation rate Δ P rate and the rate of change of ambient temperature Δ Trate According to the system power fluctuation rate Δ P rate Adjusting weighting coefficients w 1 and w 2, when Δ P rate Greater than the preset power fluctuation threshold P threshold When this occurs, it indicates a significant change in system load. In this case, greater attention should be paid to the impact of the pulse width adjustment parameter, and the weights should be adjusted according to the following formula:

[0104] w 1= w 1 β 1×(Δ P rate P threshold )

[0105] w2= w 2+ β 1×(Δ P rate P threshold )

[0106] in, β 1 is the power fluctuation adjustment coefficient, with a value range of [0, 0.1], which is determined experimentally based on the system characteristics;

[0107] Based on the rate of change of ambient temperature Δ T rate Further fine-tuning of the weighting coefficients, when Δ T rate Temperature change greater than the preset threshold T threshold When adjusting the weights, follow the formula below:

[0108] w 1= w 1 β 2×(Δ T rate T threshold )

[0109] w 2= w 2+ β 2×(Δ T rate T threshold )

[0110] in, β 2 is the temperature change adjustment coefficient, with a value range of [0, 0.05], which is determined experimentally based on the system's sensitivity to temperature.

[0111] After each weight adjustment, for w 1 and w 2. Perform normalization processing to ensure w 1+ w 2=1, the normalization formula is:

[0112]

[0113]

[0114] The pulse width adjustment parameter is normalized to a value close to the default value of the base pulse width. The normalization formula is as follows:

[0115]

[0116] in, Padj Adjust parameters for the original pulse width. P adj_min and P adj_max These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the pulse width adjustment parameter, respectively. P adj_norm The parameters are adjusted for the normalized pulse width.

[0117] Based on the dynamically adjusted weighting coefficients w 1 and w 2, and the normalized pulse width adjustment parameters P adj_norm and the default value of the base pulse width P base The default value of the automatically adjusted output pulse width is calculated according to the following formula. P out :

[0118] P out = w 1× P base + w 2× P adj_norm × K

[0119] in, K This is a scaling factor, determined based on the actual needs of the system and experimental results, used to further adjust the influence of the pulse width adjustment parameter on the output pulse width.

[0120] In practical applications, the controller FTU integrates the circuitry for driving the primary pole-mounted switch's spring-loaded mechanism, permanent magnet mechanism, and magnetic control mechanism. After the pole-mounted switch (circuit breaker) is connected to the FTU externally, the controller FTU is powered on and first enters a self-test state. If it passes the self-test, it enters a detection state. The controller FTU uses a 16-bit AD chip to acquire the external operating power supply voltage, and the MCU acquires the I / O port level status. Then, it determines the switching mechanism based on the signal combination status. The specific judgment logic is described below:

[0121] Spring-operated mechanism: There are four types, namely AC 110V, AC 220V, DC 24V, and DC 48V. When the AD chip acquires the operating power supply voltage as AC, it determines that the switch coil is a spring-operated mechanism. Then, based on the magnitude of the sampled value, it determines whether the switch mechanism is AC110V or AC220V. The FTU software automatically updates the appropriate default value for the output pulse width, and the FTU LCD displays the updated "Switch Mechanism Parameters".

[0122] When the AD chip acquires the operating power supply voltage as DC, it then determines the following based on the voltage magnitude and the combined levels of the three loop detection I / O ports: if the detected voltage value is greater than 35V and less than 60V, and the duration is not less than 10S (to determine the steady-state voltage), and at the same time, one of the three loop detection I / O ports is flipped, the switch can be determined to be a spring-operated mechanism DC48V; if the detected voltage value is less than 30V, and the duration is not less than 10S (to determine the steady-state voltage), the switch can be determined to be a spring-operated mechanism DC24V. The FTU software automatically updates the appropriate output pulse width default value, and the FTU LCD displays the "Switch Mechanism Parameters" column. The FTU internal drive board switches to the spring-operated drive board, which uses a two-set relay switch parallel output scheme. The relay switch contact selection meets the load requirements of all switch coil types (AC110V / AC220V / DC24V / DC48V). The contact capacity of a single switch can reach 16A 250VAC / 16A 24VDC, meeting the requirements of all mainstream medium and high voltage (10KV-35KV) spring-operated mechanism switches in the market.

[0123] Permanent magnet mechanism: There are two types, DC48V and DC220V. When the AD chip acquires the operating power supply voltage as DC, if the detected voltage value is less than 260V and greater than 150V for a duration of not less than 10 seconds (to determine the steady-state voltage), the switch can be identified as a permanent magnet mechanism DC220V. If the detected voltage value is greater than 35V and less than 60V for a duration of not less than 10 seconds (to determine the steady-state voltage), and the three loop detection I / O ports do not flip, the switch can be identified as a permanent magnet mechanism DC48V. The FTU software automatically updates the appropriate output pulse width default value, and the FTU LCD displays the "Switch Mechanism Parameters" column. The FTU internal driver board switches to the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled driver board. The permanent magnet / magnetically controlled driver board adopts a high-voltage switching transistor IGBT driving H-bridge scheme (single coil scheme), which supports short circuit and overcurrent protection shutdown.

[0124] Magnetic control mechanism: When the AD chip acquires the operating power supply voltage as DC, if the detected voltage value is greater than 260V and the duration is not less than 10 seconds (to judge the steady-state voltage), it can be determined that the switch is a magnetic control mechanism DC380V. The FTU software automatically updates the appropriate output pulse width default value, and at the same time, the FTU LCD displays the "Switch Mechanism Parameter Bar". The FTU internal drive board switches to "Permanent Magnet / Magnetic Control Drive Board". Magnetic control and permanent magnet share a set of drive boards. The IGBT withstand voltage selection supports 1000V, reliably meeting the magnetic control 380V output, and also supports short circuit and overcurrent protection shutdown.

[0125] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0126] The above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes and substitutions made by those skilled in the art based on the present invention shall fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive control method for a controller FTU driving a switch, characterized in that, include: After the controller FTU is powered on, define the drive output terminal of the controller FTU so that the spring-operated output, permanent magnet output and magnetic control output are all output through the drive output terminal; Collect the operating power supply voltage and simultaneously acquire the I / O port status information of the loop detection circuit for the three circuits of opening, closing, and storage; The drive type of the switching mechanism that needs to be output is determined based on the collected signal combination state, where: If the operating power supply voltage is AC, it is determined to be a spring mechanism, and further classified as AC110V or AC220V according to the voltage amplitude. If the operating power supply voltage is DC, the switching mechanism is determined to be one of the following based on the voltage range and the level change characteristics of the I / O port status information: spring-operated mechanism DC24V, spring-operated mechanism DC48V, permanent magnet mechanism DC48V, permanent magnet mechanism DC220V, or magnetic control mechanism DC380V, according to the comprehensive analysis of the voltage range and the level change characteristics of the I / O port status information. The controller FTU automatically adjusts the default output pulse width based on the judgment result and switches to the corresponding spring-loaded drive board or permanent magnet / magnetic control drive board for output through the drive switching circuit.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the operating power supply voltage is DC, a comprehensive judgment is made based on the voltage range and the level change characteristics of the I / O port status information, combined with a preset time threshold, including: If the detected voltage value is within the first preset voltage range and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold, and it is determined that there is a level flipping phenomenon at the I / O port of the loop detection circuit, then it is determined that the spring mechanism is DC48V. If the detected voltage value is lower than the second preset voltage threshold and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold, it is determined that the spring mechanism is DC24V.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: If the detected voltage value is within the third preset voltage range and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold, and it is determined that there is no level flipping phenomenon at the I / O port of the loop detection circuit, then it is determined to be a permanent magnet mechanism DC220V. If the detected voltage value is within the first preset voltage range and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold, and it is determined that there is no level flipping phenomenon at the I / O port of the loop detection circuit, then it is determined to be DC48V for the permanent magnet mechanism. If the detected voltage value is higher than the fourth preset voltage threshold and the duration reaches or exceeds the preset time threshold, it is determined that the magnetic control mechanism is DC380V.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The loop detection circuit includes an optocoupler OC1 and a loop detection power supply terminal. The output side of the optocoupler OC1 is connected to a resistor R1 and a capacitor C2. One end of the resistor R1 is connected to the power supply, and the other end is connected to one end of the capacitor C2. The other end of the capacitor C2 is grounded, thus forming an I / O port level detection circuit. The input side of the optocoupler OC1 is connected to the three outputs of the switching mechanism (opening, closing, and storing) and the circuit detection power supply. The three outputs of the switching mechanism are connected to the input side of the optocoupler OC1 in sequence through diode D3, diode D4, capacitor C1, and rectifier diode D2.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drive switching circuit includes a relay switch, which comprises a main control terminal, an input contact group, and a state transition contact group. The main control terminal of the relay switch is connected to the FTU core board of the controller. The control signal output by the FTU core board of the controller is used to regulate the on / off state of the relay switch. The operating voltage input port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the operating power supply through the input contact group, and the drive output port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the drive output terminal through the state transition contact group. When the determination result is a spring-operated mechanism, the drive output terminal is configured to connect to the external spring-operated mechanism and related control circuit. At the same time, the spring-operated drive board transmits its own state feedback signal back to the FTU controller core board in real time to monitor the working status of the spring-operated drive board in real time.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The operating voltage input port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the operating power supply through the input contact group, and the drive output port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the drive output terminal through the state change contact group. When the determination result is a permanent magnet mechanism or a magnetically controlled mechanism, the drive output terminal is configured to connect to an external permanent magnet mechanism or magnetically controlled mechanism. At the same time, the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board transmits its own state feedback signal back to the FTU controller core board in real time to monitor the working status of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board in real time.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The input contact group includes a first input contact and a second input contact. The first input contact has stationary contacts 4 and 8 and a moving contact 12. The second input contact has stationary contacts 3 and 7 and a moving contact 11. The state transition contact group includes a first output contact and a second output contact. The first output contact has stationary contacts 2 and 6 and a moving contact 10. The second output contact has stationary contacts 1 and 2 and a moving contact 9. The first operating voltage input port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to stationary contact 8, and the second operating voltage input port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to stationary contact 7. The first operating voltage input port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the stationary contact 4, the second operating voltage input port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the stationary contact 3, the first drive output port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the stationary contact 6, the second drive output port of the spring-operated drive board is connected to the stationary contact 5, the first drive output port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the stationary contact 2, the second drive output port of the permanent magnet / magnetically controlled drive board is connected to the stationary contact 1, the moving contacts 12 and 11 are respectively connected to the operating power supply, and the moving contacts 9 and 10 are respectively connected to the drive output terminal.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The controller FTU acquires the determination result based on the signal combination state to determine the drive type in real time. This determination result is used to indicate whether the current output should be sent to the spring-operated drive board or the permanent magnet / magnetic control drive board for drive operation. The FTU's storage unit pre-stores a set of default pulse width values ​​corresponding to different drive types, namely spring-operated drive and permanent magnet / magnetic control drive, as well as a table of pulse width adjustment parameters associated with different system operating conditions. After obtaining the judgment result, the FTU retrieves the corresponding basic default pulse width value from the storage unit according to the drive type determined by the judgment result. The controller FTU simultaneously starts monitoring the current operating condition of the system, and obtains the current operating parameters of the system through the built-in monitoring module or by communicating with external sensors; based on the obtained operating parameters, it queries the pulse width adjustment parameter table to determine the pulse width adjustment parameters that match the current operating condition; The controller FTU uses the obtained pulse width adjustment parameters to calculate and adjust the default value of the base pulse width to obtain the automatically adjusted default value of the output pulse width. After the automatic adjustment of the output pulse width default value is completed, the controller FTU sends a switching control signal to the drive switching circuit. The drive switching circuit switches the output channel of the controller FTU to the spring-operated drive board or permanent magnet / magnetic control drive board corresponding to the judgment result according to the switching control signal. The controller FTU outputs a control signal to the corresponding drive board through the switched output channel according to the adjusted output pulse width default value to drive the external switching equipment to perform the corresponding operation.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Using the obtained pulse width adjustment parameters, the default value of the base pulse width is calculated and adjusted, including the following steps: Initialize two weight coefficients w 1 and w 2, of which w 1 is used for the default value of the base pulse width. P base Weight allocation, w 2. Weighting of pulse width adjustment parameters; Real-time monitoring of system operating status indicators, including system power fluctuation rate Δ P rate and the rate of change of ambient temperature Δ Trate According to the system power fluctuation rate Δ P rate Adjusting weighting coefficients w 1 and w 2, when Δ P rate Greater than the preset power fluctuation threshold P threshold When adjusting the weights, follow the formula below: w 1= w 1 β 1×(D P rate P threshold ) w 2= w 2+ β 1×(D P rate P threshold ) in, β 1 represents the power fluctuation adjustment coefficient; Based on the rate of change of ambient temperature Δ T rate Further fine-tuning of the weighting coefficients, when Δ T rate Temperature change greater than the preset threshold T threshold When adjusting the weights, follow the formula below: w 1= w 1 β 2×(D T rate T threshold ) w 2= w 2+ β 2×(D T rate T threshold ) in, β 2 represents the temperature change adjustment coefficient.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that: After each weight adjustment, for w 1 and w 2. Perform normalization. The normalization formula is: The pulse width adjustment parameter is normalized to a value close to the default value of the base pulse width. The normalization formula is as follows: in, P adj Adjust parameters for the original pulse width. P adj_min and P adj_max These are the minimum and maximum values ​​of the pulse width adjustment parameter, respectively. P adj_norm The normalized pulse width adjustment parameter; Based on the dynamically adjusted weighting coefficients w 1 and w 2, and the normalized pulse width adjustment parameters P adj_norm and the default value of the base pulse width P base The default output pulse width is calculated according to the following formula. P out : P out = w 1× P base + w 2× P adj_norm × K in, K This is a scaling factor used to further adjust the influence of the pulse width adjustment parameter on the output pulse width.

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