Power control method, device and system, storage medium and program product

Abstract

The invention relates to a power control method, device and system, a storage medium and a program product. The power control method is executed by environmental Internet of Things equipment, and comprises the following steps: determining information sent by the environmental Internet of Things equipment to a reader-writer, and determining power for sending the information; and sending the information to the reader-writer at the power.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to power control methods, devices, systems, storage media, and program products. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of communication technology, the demand for Internet of Things (IoT) communication is gradually emerging. IoT devices are also being used more and more, such as enhanced Machine Type Communications (eMTC), reduced capability devices (RedCap), and ambient IoT devices (also known as Ambient IoT devices, AIoT, or passive IoT devices). The communication process of IoT devices is gradually being standardized. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This disclosure addresses the power control of environmental IoT devices.

[0004] This disclosure presents power control methods, devices, systems, storage media, and program products.

[0005] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a power control method is proposed, executed by an environmental Internet of Things (IoT) device, the method comprising: determining information to be sent by the environmental IoT device to a reader / writer, and determining the power of sending the information; and sending the information to the reader / writer at the power.

[0006] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a power control method is proposed, executed by a reader / writer, the method comprising: acquiring information transmitted by an environmental Internet of Things (IoT) device, wherein the transmission power of the information is determined by the environmental IoT device.

[0007] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a power control method is proposed, the method comprising: an environmental IoT device determining information to be sent to a reader / writer, and determining the power of sending the information; the environmental IoT device sending the information to the reader / writer at the power.

[0008] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a power control device is provided for performing the power control method described in any one of the first and second aspects.

[0009] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, a communication system is proposed, including an environmental IoT device and a reader / writer, wherein the environmental IoT device is configured to implement the power control method described in the first aspect, and the reader / writer is configured to implement the power control method described in the second aspect.

[0010] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a storage medium is provided that stores instructions, which, when executed on a power control device, cause the power control device to perform a power control method as described in the first aspect and any one thereof, or the second aspect and any one thereof.

[0011] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a program product is provided, comprising at least one of a program and instructions, wherein the program and instructions, when executed by a power control device, implement the power control method as described in any one of the first and second aspects.

[0012] This disclosure enables power control of environmental IoT devices by determining the power of information transmission through environmental IoT devices. Attached Figure Description

[0013] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this disclosure, the accompanying drawings required for the description of the embodiments are introduced below. The following drawings are only some embodiments of this disclosure and do not impose specific limitations on the protection scope of this disclosure.

[0014] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0015] Figure 1B This is a basic schematic diagram of environmental energy Internet of Things (IoT) communication.

[0016] Figure 1C This is a schematic diagram of backscatter communication.

[0017] Figure 1D This is a circuit schematic for resistive load modulation.

[0018] Figure 1E This is a schematic diagram of the ASK modulation signal process.

[0019] Figure 1F A schematic diagram of an example topology is shown.

[0020] Figure 1G Another example diagram of the topology is shown.

[0021] Figure 2 This is an interactive schematic diagram of a power control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a power control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0023] Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an environmental Internet of Things (IoT) device proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0024] Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram of the reader / writer proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0025] Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram of the power control device proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0026] Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram of the chip structure proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0027] This disclosure presents power control methods, devices, systems, storage media, and program products.

[0028] In a first aspect, embodiments of this disclosure provide a power control method executed by an environmental Internet of Things (IoT) device, the method comprising: Determine the information sent by the environmental IoT device to the reader, and determine the power of sending the information; send the information to the reader at the power.

[0029] In the above embodiments, the environmental IoT device determines the power to send information to the reader, and clarifies the power of communication between the environmental IoT device and the reader, thereby realizing power control of the environmental IoT device, making the communication between the environmental IoT device and the reader more standardized, and improving communication performance.

[0030] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, determining the power to transmit the information includes: Based on the repeated transmission of information, the power for transmitting information is determined to be either the maximum transmission power or the power determined by the open-loop power control method; or the power is fixedly determined to be the power determined by the open-loop power control method.

[0031] In the above embodiments, the power control method for the interaction of information between environmental IoT devices and readers is clearly defined, thereby improving communication performance.

[0032] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, determining the power for transmitting information based on the repeated transmission of information as the maximum transmission power or the power determined using an open-loop power control method includes at least one of the following: If the number of times a message is repeatedly sent is greater than or equal to a threshold, the power used to send the message is determined to be the maximum sending power. If the number of times the information is repeatedly sent is less than the threshold, the power for sending the information is determined using the open-loop power control method. If the message repetition level is greater than or equal to the level threshold, the power for sending the message is determined to be the maximum transmission power. If the message repetition level is less than the level threshold, the power for sending the message is determined using the open-loop power control method. The message retransmission level is set to the highest level, and the power for transmitting the message is determined to be the maximum transmission power. The message retransmission level is not the highest level, and the power for transmitting the message is determined using an open-loop power control method.

[0033] In the above embodiments, based on the number of repeated transmissions and / or the repetition level, it is determined whether to use the maximum transmission power as the power for transmitting data information. An open-loop power control method is provided to determine the power using an open-loop power control approach, thereby realizing a power control method that can be adapted to actual communication conditions and improving communication performance.

[0034] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the power determined by the open-loop power control method is based on at least one of the following: Maximum transmit power value; Road loss factor; Road loss value; Target power value; The bandwidth for transmitting the information.

[0035] In the above embodiments, the power control method based on multiple parameters for open-loop power control improves the accuracy of power control based on data information.

[0036] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the information includes at least one of the following: Data information; Control information.

[0037] In the above embodiments, power control of data information, control information, etc. is realized.

[0038] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the information includes data information, and determining the power to transmit the information includes: Based on the repeated transmission of data information, the power for transmitting data information is determined to be either the power determined using open-loop power control or the maximum transmission power; or The power determined by the open-loop power control method is fixed as the power for transmitting the data information.

[0039] In the above embodiments, the data information power control method is clearly defined, thereby improving communication performance.

[0040] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, determining the power of transmitting data information based on the repetitive transmission of data information includes at least one of the following: If the number of repeated transmissions of data information is greater than or equal to the threshold, the power for transmitting data information is determined to be the maximum transmission power. If the number of repeated transmissions of data information is less than the threshold, the power for transmitting data information is determined using the open-loop power control method. If the repetition level of data information is greater than or equal to the level threshold, the power for transmitting data information is determined to be the maximum transmission power. If the repetition level of data information is less than the level threshold, the power for transmitting data information is determined using the open-loop power control method. The data retransmission level is set to the highest level, and the power for transmitting data is determined to be the maximum transmission power. The data transmission repetition level is not the highest level, and the power for transmitting data is determined using an open-loop power control method.

[0041] In the above embodiments, the maximum transmission power is determined as the power for transmitting data information based on the number of repeated transmissions and / or the repetition level. An open-loop power control method is provided to determine the power using an open-loop power control approach, thereby realizing a power control method that can be adapted to actual communication conditions and improving communication performance.

[0042] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the power determined by the open-loop power control method is based on at least one of the following: Maximum transmit power value; Road loss factor; Road loss value; First target power value; The bandwidth for transmitting the data information.

[0043] In the above embodiments, the accuracy of data information power control is improved by using multiple power control methods based on the first parameter.

[0044] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the information includes control information, and determining the power to transmit the information includes: Based on the repeated transmission of control information, the power for transmitting control information is determined to be either the power determined using open-loop power control or the maximum transmission power; or The power determined by the open-loop power control method is fixed as the power for sending the control information.

[0045] In the above embodiments, the power control method for control information is clearly defined, thereby improving communication performance.

[0046] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, determining the power of transmitting control information based on the repetition of control information transmission includes at least one of the following: If the number of repeated transmissions of control information is greater than or equal to the threshold, the power for transmitting control information is determined to be the maximum transmission power. If the number of times the control information is repeatedly sent is less than the threshold, the power for sending the control information is determined to be the power determined by the open-loop power control method. If the repetition level of control information is greater than or equal to the level threshold, the power for transmitting control information is determined to be the maximum transmission power. If the repetition level of the control information is less than the level threshold, the power for transmitting the control information is determined to be the power determined by the open-loop power control method. The repetition level of control information is set to the highest level, and the power for transmitting control information is set to the maximum transmission power. The repetition level of the control information is not the highest level, and the power for transmitting the control information is determined using an open-loop power control method.

[0047] In the above embodiments, based on the number of times the control information is repeatedly transmitted and / or the repetition level, it is determined whether to use the maximum transmission power as the power for transmitting the control information. An open-loop power control method is provided to determine the power using an open-loop power control approach, thereby realizing a power control method that can be adapted to actual communication conditions and improving communication performance.

[0048] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the power determined by the open-loop power control method is based on at least one of the following: Maximum transmit power value; Road loss factor; Road loss value; Second target power value; The bandwidth for transmitting the control information.

[0049] In the above embodiments, the accuracy of data information power control is improved by using power control methods based on multiple second parameters.

[0050] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the information includes data information and control information, and determining the power to transmit the information includes: The power for transmitting data information is determined as the power for transmitting both data information and control information; or The power for sending control information is determined as the power for sending data information and the power for sending control information.

[0051] In the above embodiments, a power control method is implemented when multiplexing transmission data information and control information.

[0052] In conjunction with some embodiments of the first aspect, in some embodiments, the data information and the control information are carried on the same channel; or the data information and the control information are carried on different channels.

[0053] In the above embodiments, data information and control information can be transmitted via the same channel or different channels, and the power of various data information and control information transmission formats can be controlled. When data information and control information are transmitted via the same channel, channel reuse can be achieved, saving communication performance. When data information and control information are transmitted via different channels, separate transmission of data information and control information can be achieved, improving the clarity of information transmission.

[0054] Secondly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a power control method executed by a reader / writer, the method comprising: acquiring information sent by an environmental IoT device, wherein the transmission power of the information is determined by the environmental IoT device.

[0055] In the above embodiments, power control is implemented for information sent by environmental IoT devices received by the reader / writer.

[0056] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the transmission power of the information is determined as the maximum transmission power based on the retransmission status of the information, or is determined as the power determined using an open-loop power control method; or The transmission power of the information is fixed at a power determined by an open-loop power control method.

[0057] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the transmission power of the information is determined as the maximum transmission power based on the retransmission status of the information or is determined as the power determined by an open-loop power control method, including at least one of the following: The transmission power of the information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the number of repeated transmissions of the information is greater than or equal to the number of times the information is repeatedly transmitted. The transmission power of the information is determined by using an open-loop power control method when the number of repeated transmissions of the information is less than a threshold number. The transmission power of the information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the repetition level of the information is greater than or equal to the level threshold. The transmission power of the information is determined by using an open-loop power control method when the repetition level of the information is less than the level threshold. The transmission power of the information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the repetition level of the information is the highest level. The transmission power of the information is determined by using an open-loop power control method when the repetition level of the information is not the highest level.

[0058] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the power determined by the open-loop power control method is based on at least one of the following: Maximum transmit power value; Road loss factor; Road loss value; Target power value; The bandwidth for transmitting the information.

[0059] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the information includes at least one of the following: Data information; Control information.

[0060] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the information includes data information, and the transmission power of the data information is determined based on the repetition status of the data information as either a power determined using an open-loop power control method or a maximum transmission power; or The transmission power of the information is determined using an open-loop power control method.

[0061] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the transmission power of the data information is determined based on the repetition of data transmission, and is either determined using an open-loop power control method or is determined to be the maximum transmission power, including at least one of the following: The transmission power of the data information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the number of repeated transmissions of the data information is greater than or equal to the number threshold. The power of transmitting the data information is determined by using an open-loop power control method when the number of repeated transmissions of the data information is less than a threshold number. The transmission power of the data information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the repetition level of the data information is greater than or equal to the level threshold. The transmission power of the data information is determined by using an open-loop power control method when the repetition level of the data information is less than the level threshold. The transmission power of the data information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the repetition level of the data information is the highest level. The transmission power of the data information is determined by using an open-loop power control method when the repetition level of the data information is not the highest level.

[0062] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the power determined by the open-loop power control method is based on at least one of the following: Maximum transmit power value; Road loss factor; Road loss value; First target power value; The bandwidth for transmitting the data information.

[0063] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the information includes control information, the transmission power of which is determined based on the repetition of the control information as either a power determined using an open-loop power control method or a maximum transmission power; or The transmission power of the control information is determined using an open-loop power control method.

[0064] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the transmission power of the control information is determined based on the repetition of the control information transmission as a power determined using an open-loop power control method or as the maximum transmission power, including at least one of the following: The transmission power of the control information is the maximum transmission power when the number of repeated transmissions of the control information is greater than or equal to the number of times the control information is transmitted. The transmission power of the control information is determined as the power determined by the open-loop power control method when the number of repeated transmissions of the control information is less than the number threshold. The transmission power of the control information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the repetition level of the control information is greater than or equal to the level threshold. The transmission power of the control information is determined as the power determined by the open-loop power control method when the repetition level of the control information is less than the level threshold. The transmission power of the control information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the repetition level of the control information is the highest level. The transmission power of the control information is determined by using an open-loop power control method when the repetition level of the control information is not the highest level.

[0065] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the power determined by the open-loop power control method is based on at least one of the following: Maximum transmit power value; Road loss factor; Road loss value; Second target power value; The bandwidth for transmitting the control information.

[0066] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the information includes data information and control information, and the transmission power of the data information and control information is the transmission power of the data information; or the transmission power of the data information and control information is the transmission power of the control information.

[0067] In conjunction with some embodiments of the second aspect, in some embodiments, the data information and the control information are carried on the same channel; or The data information and the control information are carried on different channels.

[0068] Thirdly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a power control method, the method comprising: an environmental IoT device determining information to be sent to a reader / writer, and determining the power required to send the information; the environmental IoT device sending the information to the reader / writer at the power specified in the method.

[0069] Fourthly, a power control device is provided, the power control device being used to perform the power control method described in any one of the first and second aspects.

[0070] Fifthly, a communication system is provided, including an environmental IoT device and a reader / writer, wherein the environmental IoT device is configured to implement the power control method described in the first aspect, and the reader / writer is configured to implement the power control method described in the second aspect.

[0071] In a sixth aspect, a storage medium is provided that stores instructions which, when executed on a power control device, cause the power control device to perform a power control method as described in the first aspect and any one thereof, or the second aspect and any one thereof.

[0072] In a seventh aspect, a program product is provided, comprising at least one of a program and instructions, wherein the program and instructions, when executed by a power control device, implement the power control method as described in any one of the first and second aspects.

[0073] Eighthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods described in an optional implementation of the first or second aspect.

[0074] Ninthly, embodiments of this disclosure provide a chip or chip system. The chip or chip system includes processing circuitry configured to perform the method described according to an optional implementation of the first or second aspect above.

[0075] It is understood that the environmental IoT devices, communication systems, storage media, program products, computer programs, chips, or chip systems involved in the embodiments of this disclosure are all used to execute the methods proposed in the embodiments of this disclosure. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved can be referred to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods, and will not be repeated here.

[0076] This disclosure provides power control methods, devices, systems, storage media, and program products. In some embodiments, the terms "power control method" and "information processing method," "communication method," etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms "power control device" and "information processing device," "communication device," etc., can be used interchangeably; and the terms "information processing system," "communication system," etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0077] This disclosure is not exhaustive, but merely illustrative of some embodiments, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Unless otherwise specified, each step in a particular embodiment can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the steps can be arbitrarily combined. For example, a solution after removing some steps in a particular embodiment can also be implemented as an independent embodiment, and the order of the steps in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily interchanged. Furthermore, the optional implementation methods in a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined; moreover, the embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, for example, some or all steps of different embodiments can be arbitrarily combined, and a particular embodiment can be arbitrarily combined with the optional implementation methods of other embodiments. In all embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terminology and / or descriptions between the embodiments are consistent and can be mutually referenced. Technical features in different embodiments can be combined to form new embodiments based on their inherent logical relationships.

[0078] The terminology used in the embodiments of this disclosure is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

[0079] In this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, elements expressed in the singular form, such as "a," "an," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "the," "this," etc., can mean "one and only one," or "one or more," "at least one," etc. For example, when using articles such as "a," "an," "the," etc. in translation, the noun following the article can be understood as either a singular or a plural expression.

[0080] In the embodiments disclosed herein, "multiple" refers to two or more.

[0081] In some embodiments, the terms “at least one of A or B, at least one of A and B”, “one or more”, “a plurality of”, “multiple”, etc., may be used interchangeably.

[0082] In some embodiments, the notation "at least one of A and B", "A and / or B", "A in one case, B in another", "in response to one case A, in response to another case B", etc., may include the following technical solutions depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of whether there is a branch B); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of whether there is a branch A); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed); in some embodiments, both A and B are executed. The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, C, etc.

[0083] In some embodiments, the notation "A or B" may include the following technical solutions, depending on the situation: in some embodiments, A (execute A regardless of whether a branch B exists); in some embodiments, B (execute B regardless of whether a branch A exists); in some embodiments, execution is selected from A and B (A and B are selectively executed). The same applies when there are more branches such as A, B, and C.

[0084] The prefixes "first," "second," etc., used in the embodiments of this disclosure are merely for distinguishing different descriptive objects and do not impose restrictions on the position, order, priority, quantity, or content of the descriptive objects. The description of the descriptive objects is found in the claims or the context of the embodiments, and the use of prefixes should not constitute unnecessary restrictions. For example, if the descriptive object is a "field," the ordinal numbers preceding "field" in "first field" and "second field" do not restrict the position or order of the "fields." "First" and "second" do not restrict whether the "fields" they modify are in the same message, nor do they restrict the order of "first field" and "second field." Similarly, if the descriptive object is a "level," the ordinal numbers preceding "level" in "first level" and "second level" do not restrict the priority between "levels." Furthermore, the number of descriptive objects is not limited by ordinal numbers and can be one or more. For example, in "first device," the number of "devices" can be one or more. Furthermore, the objects modified by different prefixes can be the same or different. For example, if the object being described is "device", then "first device" and "second device" can be the same device or different devices, and their types can be the same or different. Similarly, if the object being described is "information", then "first information" and "second information" can be the same information or different information, and their content can be the same or different.

[0085] In some embodiments, “including A,” “containing A,” “for indicating A,” and “carrying A” can be interpreted as directly carrying A or indirectly indicating A.

[0086] In some embodiments, terms such as "time / frequency" and "time-frequency domain" refer to the time domain and / or frequency domain.

[0087] In some embodiments, terms such as “in response to…”, “in response to determining…”, “in the case of…”, “when…”, “when…”, “if…”, etc. can be used interchangeably. These descriptions all refer to the device making a corresponding action under certain objective circumstances. They do not necessarily limit the time, nor do they require the device to make a judgment action when implementing it, nor do they mean that there must be other limitations.

[0088] In some embodiments, the terms “greater than,” “greater than or equal to,” “not less than,” “more than,” “more than or equal to,” “not less than,” “higher than,” “higher than or equal to,” “not lower than,” and “above” can be used interchangeably, as can the terms “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not greater than,” “less than,” “less than or equal to,” “not more than,” “lower than,” “lower than or equal to,” “not higher than,” and “below”.

[0089] In some embodiments, devices, etc., may be interpreted as physical or virtual, and their names are not limited to those described in the embodiments. Terms such as “device,” “equipment,” “circuit,” “network element,” “network function,” “network device,” “function,” “node,” “unit,” “section,” “system,” “network,” “chip,” “chip system,” “entity,” and “subject” can be used interchangeably.

[0090] In some embodiments, "network" can be interpreted as devices included in a network (e.g., access network devices, core network devices, etc.).

[0091] In some embodiments, the terms "access network device (AN device)," "radio access network device (RAN device)," "base station (BS)," "radio base station," "fixed station," "node," "access point," "transmission point (TP)," "reception point (RP)," "transmission and / or reception point (TRP)," "panel," "antenna panel," "antenna array," "cell," "macro cell," "small cell," "femto cell," "pico cell," "sector," "cell group," "serving cell," "carrier," "component carrier," and "bandwidth part (BWP)" can be used interchangeably.

[0092] In some embodiments, the terms "terminal", "terminal device", "user equipment (UE)", "user terminal", "mobile station (MS)", "mobile terminal (MT)", subscriber station, mobile unit, subscriber unit, wireless unit, remote unit, mobile device, wireless device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile subscriberstation, access terminal, mobile terminal, wireless terminal, remote terminal, handset, user agent, mobile client, and client can be used interchangeably.

[0093] In some embodiments, access network devices, core network devices, or network devices can be replaced by terminals. For example, embodiments of this disclosure can also be applied to structures where communication between access network devices, core network devices, or network devices and terminals is replaced by communication between multiple terminals (e.g., device-to-device (D2D), vehicle-to-everything (V2X), etc.). In this case, the structure can also be configured such that the terminal has all or part of the functions of the access network device. Furthermore, terms such as "uplink" and "downlink" can be replaced with terms corresponding to communication between terminals (e.g., "sidelink"). For example, uplink channel, downlink channel, etc., can be replaced with sidelink channel, and uplink link, downlink, etc., can be replaced with sidelink link.

[0094] In some embodiments, the terminal may be replaced by an access network device, a core network device, or a network device. In this case, the access network device, core network device, or network device may also be configured to have all or some of the functions of the terminal.

[0095] In some embodiments, the acquisition of data, information, etc., may comply with the laws and regulations of the country where the location is situated.

[0096] In some embodiments, data, information, etc., may be obtained with the user's consent.

[0097] Furthermore, each element, each row, or each column in the table of this disclosure can be implemented as an independent embodiment, and any combination of any element, any row, or any column can also be implemented as an independent embodiment.

[0098] Figure 1A This is a schematic diagram of a communication system architecture shown according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0099] like Figure 1A As shown, the communication system 100 includes an environmental IoT device 101 and a reader / writer 102.

[0100] In some embodiments, the environmental IoT device 101 may be, for example, a terminal or a network device.

[0101] In some embodiments, the reader 102 may be a terminal or a network device.

[0102] Terminals include, but are not limited to, at least one of the following: mobile phone, wearable device, Internet of Things device, car with communication function, smart car, tablet, computer with wireless transceiver function, virtual reality (VR) terminal device, augmented reality (AR) terminal device, wireless terminal device in industrial control, wireless terminal device in self-driving, wireless terminal device in remote medical surgery, wireless terminal device in smart grid, wireless terminal device in transportation safety, wireless terminal device in smart city, and wireless terminal device in smart home.

[0103] In some embodiments, the network device may include at least one of an access network device and a core network device.

[0104] In some embodiments, the access network device is, for example, a node or device that connects a terminal to a wireless network. The access network device may include at least one of the following in a 5G communication system: evolved Node B (eNB), next-generation eNB (ng-eNB), next-generation Node B (gNB), node B (NB), home node B (HNB), home evolved node B (HeNB), wireless backhaul device, radio network controller (RNC), base station controller (BSC), base transceiver station (BTS), base band unit (BBU), mobile switching center, base station in a 6G communication system, open RAN, cloud RAN, base station in other communication systems, and access node in a Wi-Fi system, but is not limited thereto.

[0105] In some embodiments, the technical solutions of this disclosure can be applied to the Open RAN architecture. In this case, the interfaces between or within access network devices involved in the embodiments of this disclosure can be transformed into internal interfaces of Open RAN. The processes and information interactions between these internal interfaces can be implemented by software or programs.

[0106] In some embodiments, the access network device may be composed of a central unit (CU) and a distributed unit (DU). The CU may also be called a control unit. The CU-DU structure can separate the protocol layer of the access network device. Some of the protocol layer functions are centrally controlled by the CU, while the remaining part or all of the protocol layer functions are distributed in the DU and centrally controlled by the CU. However, this is not the only possibility.

[0107] In some embodiments, a core network device may be a single device comprising one or more network elements, or it may be multiple devices or a group of devices, each comprising all or part of the aforementioned one or more network elements. Network elements may be virtual or physical. The core network may include, for example, at least one of an Evolved Packet Core (EPC), a 5G Core Network (5GCN), or a Next Generation Core (NGC).

[0108] It is understood that the communication system described in this disclosure is for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of this disclosure, and does not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of system architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions proposed in this disclosure are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0109] The following embodiments of this disclosure can be applied to Figure 1A The communication system 100 shown, or a part thereof, but not limited to it. Figure 1A The entities shown are illustrative; a communication system may include... Figure 1A All or part of the main body, or may include Figure 1A Other entities besides the main body, the number and form of each entity are arbitrary, each entity can be physical or virtual, the connection relationship between the entities is illustrative, the entities can be unconnected or connected, and the connection can be in any way, it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection, it can be a wired connection or a wireless connection.

[0110] The embodiments disclosed herein can be applied to Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A), LTE-Beyond (LTE-B), SUPER 3G, IMT-Advanced, 4th generation mobile communication system (4G), 5th generation mobile communication system (5G), 6th generation mobile communication system (6G), 5G new radio (NR), Future Radio Access (FRA), New-Radio Access Technology (RAT), New Radio (NR), New radio access (NX), Future generation radio access (FX), Global System for Mobile communications (GSM (registered trademark)), CDMA2000, Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX (registered trademark)), IEEE 802.20, Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Bluetooth (a registered trademark), Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) networks, Device-to-Device (D2D) systems, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) systems, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems, systems utilizing other communication methods, and next-generation systems built upon them, etc. Furthermore, multiple systems can be combined (e.g., a combination of LTE or LTE-A with 5G).

[0111] Since the 1990s, mobile communication technology has flourished. Digital mobile communication has evolved from 2G, 3G, and 4G to the current 5G, effectively meeting people's needs in voice communication, digital mobile communication, and mobile broadband internet communication. However, with social and economic development, the demand for Internet of Things (IoT) communication has gradually emerged. Since 2010, technologies and standards related to IoT have been gradually developed. Among them, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardized a series of IoT technologies, including Machine Type Communications (MTC), Narrow Band IoT (NB-IoT), and Reduced Capability UE (RedCap). MTC and NB-IoT significantly reduced the cost of IoT terminals by employing technologies such as low bandwidth, single antenna, reduced peak data rate, half-duplex, and reduced transmit power. Furthermore, the power consumption of IoT devices has been reduced by introducing enhanced discontinuous reception (eDRX) and power saving mode (PSM). Meanwhile, MTC and NB-IoT can support a large number of IoT devices to access the network, thereby meeting the demand for massive connectivity.

[0112] NB-IoT is a low-power wide-area network (LPWAN) technology with four key characteristics: low cost, low power consumption, strong coverage, and massive connectivity. It is largely based on the non-backward-compatible E-UTRA standard, with a coverage target of 164dB MCL, significantly enhancing indoor coverage and supporting a large number of low-throughput, low-latency-sensitive devices. NB-IoT supports three operating modes: in-band, standalone, and guardband. Both uplink and downlink RF bandwidths are 180 kHz. Downlink uses OFDMA technology with a 15 kHz subcarrier spacing, while uplink uses SC-FDMA technology, supporting both single-tone and multi-tone transmission. Enhanced versions of NB-IoT support a wealth of features, including multi-carrier support, positioning, multicast, wake-up signals, and fast small data transmission, and can coexist with LTE and NR systems.

[0113] eMTC is an enhanced version of LTE-M (LTE-Machine-to-Machine), an IoT technology evolved from LTE. It is also a low-cost, low-power wide-area network technology. Compared to NB-IoT, eMTC has slightly weaker coverage, targeting an MCL of 156dB, but it can support higher transmission rates, some mobility, and voice services. eMTC has 1.4 MHz uplink and downlink RF bandwidths and can support a maximum peak rate of 1 Mbps.

[0114] RedCap, short for Reduced Capability, is a new technology standard based on 5G NR. Simply put, RedCap is lightweight 5G. In the large-scale industrial wireless sensor network (IWSN) use cases described by 5G requirements, there are not only highly demanding ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) services, but also relatively low-end applications requiring small device size, support for fully wireless transmission, and battery life of several years. These applications have higher requirements than Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) (i.e., LTE-M / NB-IoT), but lower than URLCC and enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB). Furthermore, surveillance cameras in smart city scenarios requiring 5G, as well as wearable device use cases such as smartwatches, electronic health-related devices, and medical monitoring equipment, all share characteristics of small device size, simplified functionality, and the need to connect to the 5G radio access network and core network, urgently requiring the introduction of lower-cost, simplified 5G NR terminals. To address this, 5G NR introduced the NR Redcap issue in Release 17, with all standardization expected to be completed by mid-2022.

[0115] In recent years, the Internet of Things (IoT) based on NB-IoT and eMTC technologies has been widely tested and commercialized, such as in smart grids, smart parking, smart transportation / logistics, and smart energy management systems. It covers many vertical fields such as smart cities, smart homes, and smart factories, and has rapidly promoted the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries.

[0116] A key technological advantage of Ambient IoT communication is its battery-free operation. Utilizing key technologies such as radio frequency energy harvesting, backscattering, and low-power computing, terminals can operate without batteries, supporting extremely low hardware complexity. Therefore, Ambient IoT communication meets the demands for ultra-low power consumption, extremely small size, and extremely low cost. It is foreseeable that Ambient IoT technology will have significant application advantages in a wide range of fields. These include applications in vertical industries such as industrial sensor networks, intelligent transportation, smart logistics, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, smart cities, and the energy sector, as well as applications for individual consumers such as smart wearables, smart homes, and healthcare. This section will select some typical scenarios to illustrate the application potential of Ambient IoT communication in these fields.

[0117] In some embodiments, the following describes typical application scenarios of environmental energy IoT communication.

[0118] Typical Scenario 1: Logistics and Warehousing With the sustained and stable development of China's economy, the economic scale is growing larger and larger, leading to a further expansion of the logistics scale. Logistics is a crucial link in the commodity circulation supply chain and occupies an important position in the national economy, while warehousing is the core link of modern logistics. In logistics and warehousing application scenarios, a large number of packages / goods need to be frequently transferred, stored, loaded, unloaded, and inventoried in logistics stations or warehouses (tens of thousands of square meters). Along with warehouse ordering, goods receiving, goods management, and goods leaving, a large amount of warehousing information is generated. This information is generally characterized by frequent data reading operations and large data volumes. In order to digitally manage logistics packages / goods and improve the efficiency of logistics and warehousing management, communication terminal labels are usually affixed to the surface of the package / goods packaging for acquiring logistics information and managing the entire logistics process. Therefore, a compact terminal size is more conducive to industry applications. At the same time, due to the huge number of goods and considerations of economics and competitiveness, express delivery or warehouse suppliers can only accept communication terminals with extremely low costs. The warehousing and logistics industry is complex and involves numerous steps, but it is already a highly automated industry. Using tags based on Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, administrators can electronically record, query, and track items. However, the workload remains enormous because each tag needs to be read sequentially using specialized equipment. There is a growing expectation for smarter and more efficient communication technologies to help achieve truly smart logistics and smart warehousing. Environmental energy IoT devices are characterized by extremely low cost, small size, maintenance-free operation, durability, and long lifespan. In logistics and warehousing, utilizing environmental energy IoT devices to record, store, and update cargo information, and building environmental energy IoT-based logistics and warehousing systems, can further reduce operating costs, significantly improve the efficiency of logistics and warehousing management, and contribute to the realization of smart logistics and smart warehousing.

[0119] Specifically, environmental energy IoT technology can achieve smart warehouse management and improve warehouse efficiency and productivity in the following ways: Batch Reading: Supports simultaneous reading of a larger number of IoT tags in environmentally friendly environments. When goods arrive at the warehouse, the wireless tags attached to the goods can be read in batches (e.g., thousands of tags per second) to accurately obtain product information such as size / weight, manufacturer, etc. Information such as expiration date, serial number, and production line can help improve the efficiency and accuracy of logistics and warehousing.

[0120] Wide-range read / write: Supports a wider read / write range. Within the warehouse, deploying one or a few network devices can achieve comprehensive IoT tag communication coverage across the entire warehouse environment. Wireless tags attached to goods or containers store their basic information and location within the warehouse. By setting up a central network node within the warehouse, all goods can be identified quickly and easily, facilitating rapid inventory checks and enabling managers to understand inventory distribution and total volume in a timely manner, as well as quickly predict storage needs.

[0121] Handling Management: Capable of locating and updating tags. As goods move within the warehouse, network devices can promptly identify and update tag information. When specific goods need to be picked, their location can be quickly pinpointed throughout the warehouse, significantly improving sorting efficiency.

[0122] In some embodiments, environmental energy IoT communication scenarios require corresponding terminal and network devices.

[0123] End-user requirements: In some embodiments, the form of the environmental energy IoT terminal is generally a simple electronic tag; since it is generally a large-scale application (each item will be tagged), its cost, size, power consumption and other aspects need to be carefully considered.

[0124] - Tag power consumption: Passive tags do not involve battery replacement or other related maintenance issues; - Labeling costs: Due to the large number of goods in logistics and warehousing, extremely low costs are required; - Tag size: Extremely small size, suitable for large-scale applications; - Communication range: Supports communication over a range of tens to hundreds of meters.

[0125] Network requirements: - Flexible deployment based on cellular network infrastructure: Network equipment can be deployed at outdoor pole stations or indoors at the same distance from DIS stations to provide basic coverage; coverage can be supplemented or extended as needed. - Coverage requirements: Coverage distance requirements for a single station (indoor > 30m, outdoor > 100m); - Cybersecurity: Tag reading is based on authorization to protect privacy and data security; - Reading efficiency: The number of goods is huge, and a large number of tags need to be detected at the same time (e.g., thousands per second).

[0126] Typical Scenario 2: Smart Home Smart homes use the residence as a platform, connecting various devices within the home through the Internet of Things (IoT) to build an efficient and livable system. Smart homes utilize various functions and methods such as automatic control of home appliances, lighting control, temperature control, and anti-theft and alarm control to make the home environment safer, more convenient, and more comfortable. Sensors and small devices in smart homes can communicate based on backscattering technology.

[0127] Environmental energy IoT communication can operate without batteries or charging, significantly increasing the lifespan of corresponding devices in smart homes and reducing maintenance costs. Furthermore, its ultra-low cost, extremely small size, washability, and flexible / foldable form factor allow for highly flexible deployment in smart homes, such as embedding it in walls, ceilings, and furniture, or attaching it to keys, passports, clothing, and shoes. Based on these advantages, environmental energy IoT communication can expand the application scenarios of smart homes, making it extremely attractive to the smart home industry.

[0128] Some typical scenarios for using ambient energy IoT technology in smart homes are as follows: Item Locator: These extremely small, washable, flexible, and foldable environmentally friendly IoT devices can be attached to easily lost items in the home, such as keys, passports, bank cards, and wallets. When these items need to be found, they can be quickly located and located. Environmental monitoring and alarms: Environmental energy IoT devices are integrated with sensors to monitor indoor temperature, humidity, and other environmental parameters, and can also be used for emergency alarms such as gas leaks. The battery-free nature of these devices significantly increases their lifespan, making them maintenance-free. Intelligent Control: Integrating environmental IoT devices and sensors enables intelligent control of home appliances. For example, it can control the on / off switches of washing machines, air conditioners, televisions, curtains, etc. Tags embedded / attached to doors and furniture can also be used to navigate home robots, providing more precise control.

[0129] Typical Scenario 3: Smart Wearables Smart wearables are consumer-centric, wirelessly connecting various devices worn by consumers through IoT technology. They have been applied in multiple fields (such as health monitoring, activity recognition, assistive living, mobile sensing, smart clothing, and indoor positioning). Currently, mainstream product forms include wrist-supported watches (including watches and wristbands), foot-supported shoes (including shoes, socks, or other future leg-wearable products), and head-supported eyewear (including glasses, helmets, and headbands). In addition, there are various non-mainstream product forms such as smart clothing, backpacks, canes, and accessories.

[0130] Battery-powered smart wearable devices often have relatively short battery life. Enabling more functions further increases power consumption, requiring users to charge frequently to ensure normal operation. This significantly impacts the user experience.

[0131] Environmentally friendly IoT terminals possess excellent characteristics such as extremely low cost, extremely small size, extremely low power consumption (battery-free), flexibility, foldability, and washability, making them particularly suitable for smart wearable scenarios and easily accepted by consumer-related industries (such as kindergartens and garment factories). On one hand, environmentally friendly IoT devices obtain energy through energy harvesting, eliminating the need for batteries and fundamentally solving the problem of frequent charging required for smart wearable devices. On the other hand, their low cost, small size, and soft, washable, and foldable materials greatly enhance wearing comfort and user experience.

[0132] The following are some applications of environmental energy IoT in the field of smart wearables: Health monitoring: Environmental energy IoT devices and sensors are integrated and embedded in wearable products such as wristbands, shoes, and socks to monitor health and provide timely feedback on a person's physical condition. Data such as sleep status, weight information, heart rate, and blood pressure are monitored and collected. Location and Tracking: Ambient energy IoT devices can be integrated with location services for monitoring the elderly, children, or hospital patients, enabling location and tracking in case of loss. More comfortable materials optimize the wearing experience, while passive ultra-low power consumption significantly extends battery life. Portable payment: Linked to personal information, it can be used for convenient payments such as taking public transportation, subways, and shopping.

[0133] End-user requirements: The environmental energy IoT terminal should take the form of an electronic tag, which can integrate memory for data storage and retrieval or sensors for sensing information collection. From a wearable perspective, it should be small in size, battery-free, waterproof, and have a flexible, foldable design.

[0134] In some embodiments, the communication technology principles of the Environmental Energy Internet of Things are described below according to the present disclosure.

[0135] Environmental energy IoT devices primarily combine radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting technology, backscattering technology, and low-power computing technology to achieve the advantage of device nodes not carrying power batteries. The terminals obtain the energy to drive their operation through energy harvesting. Low-power computing and backscattering technology are used to demodulate and modulate signals. The core of RF energy harvesting is converting RF energy into DC power. This energy can be stored in energy storage units (such as capacitors) or directly used to drive logic circuits, digital chips, or sensors, completing functions such as modulation and transmission of backscattered signals, and acquisition and processing of sensor information. Figure 1B This is a basic schematic diagram of environmental energy Internet of Things (IoT) communication.

[0136] In backscatter-based environmental energy IoT communication systems, backscatter transmitters modulate and reflect received radio frequency (RF) signals to transmit data, rather than generating their own RF signals. This technology has been widely used in practical production applications, such as radio frequency identification (RFID), tracking devices, remote switches, medical telemetry, and low-cost sensor networks.

[0137] In some embodiments, the basic principle of radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting is to collect electromagnetic wave energy in space through electromagnetic induction. The essence of RF energy harvesting is converting RF energy into direct current (RF-DC) voltage. In environmental energy IoT communication, the core requirement for energy harvesting is to effectively use the harvested energy to drive load circuits (low-power computing, sensors, etc.) to achieve battery-free communication.

[0138] With technological advancements, the processes and efficiency of radio frequency energy harvesting have improved, but several challenges remain: 1) Due to the multipath propagation effect of electromagnetic waves, the uneven distribution of energy in space and time, and various interferences, the radio frequency energy density that can be collected in the wireless environment is extremely low (less than 10nW / cm2). The radio frequency energy that can be effectively collected needs to meet a certain input power.

[0139] 2) To drive logic circuits or chips and other computing units, the DC voltage converted from the harvested energy generally needs to meet the minimum output voltage requirements and be converted into a stable DC voltage. Improving energy harvesting efficiency, especially ensuring that the harvested energy can still drive the circuit under low input voltage conditions, is a key issue that needs to be addressed.

[0140] 3) How to rationally manage the harvested or stored energy to drive terminal operation. The efficiency of converting RF energy harvested into DC energy at low power is a challenge in the design of environmental energy IoT devices. Current experimental research shows that it is generally difficult to effectively harvest and rectify RF signals with input power below -30dBm into usable DC voltage. The RF energy conversion efficiency varies under different input power and energy harvesting circuit designs; for example, the energy conversion efficiency at a low input power of -20dBm is often less than 10%, while the conversion efficiency is close to 50% at an input power of around -1dBm. Given current technology, driving low-power computing circuits requires approximately 10uW of power. To meet even the simplest low-power computing and backscatter communication requirements, improving energy harvesting efficiency under low input power conditions is one of the most important tasks in the research and development of environmental energy IoT communication systems.

[0141] A radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting system mainly consists of a receiving antenna, an RF rectifier, and an energy storage module. The receiving antenna collects electromagnetic wave energy from the environment and then inputs it as an RF AC signal to the rectifier circuit. The rectifier circuit converts the RF AC energy into DC energy, which is then stored using a battery or capacitor to provide DC power to subsequent circuits and application loads. The receiving antenna and rectifier circuit are the core components of the system, directly determining the power and energy conversion efficiency obtainable from RF energy harvesting.

[0142] Antennas are responsible for collecting radio frequency (RF) energy in free space. To obtain more power, it is usually necessary to collect energy over the widest possible frequency band. In typical environments, the direction of arrival and polarization of RF energy signals are uncertain; therefore, designing omnidirectional or circularly polarized antennas can reduce sensitivity to antenna placement angles. However, in other applications, such as near base stations or repeaters, where the direction and polarization of the RF energy source are known, using directional antennas or linearly polarized receiving methods can achieve higher reception efficiency and power.

[0143] The key technologies for radio frequency energy harvesting antennas include the following aspects: 1) Miniaturized Antenna Technology. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting technology, used in sensors and wearable electronics, is highly sensitive to the size of the rectifier antenna. Therefore, miniaturized antennas need to be designed to meet the overall size requirements of the terminal device. Antenna size depends on the electromagnetic wavelength. For existing RF energy bands in the environment (e.g., 0.7~2.5GHz), the wavelength is relatively well-defined. Bending technology, loading technology, and fractal technology are effective ways to achieve antenna miniaturization.

[0144] 2) Impedance matching technology. To ensure that the RF power collected by the antenna is transmitted to the rectifier circuit, a good impedance matching network needs to be designed, while minimizing the impact on the antenna size, radiation characteristics, etc.

[0145] 3) Multi-band and wideband technology. More frequency bands of radio frequency signals contain more energy. In order to collect more radio frequency energy, the antenna needs to operate in a wider frequency band. However, the operating frequency band needs to be consistent with the rectifier circuit, rather than the wider the better, so as to avoid the high-order harmonics of the rectifier circuit being reflected by the antenna, causing power loss.

[0146] Research on energy harvesting circuits has undergone many years of development and exploration, with efficiency improvement remaining a primary concern in circuit design. The conversion from radio frequency (RF) energy to DC power is significantly affected by different circuit designs and manufacturing processes. Proper use of rectifiers allows for better conversion of RF energy into a stable DC voltage (RF-DC), while lower output voltages typically require further DC-DC conversion to generate a voltage level suitable for driving digital logic circuits. Voltage regulators and voltage monitors are also commonly used to assist in voltage boosting and stabilization, often employing cascaded diode-capacitor methods to raise the voltage to a usable level. Diode-based rectifier circuits are the most fundamental energy harvesting method. Devices using discrete components and CMOS processes have vastly different requirements for RF input power. Due to the custom nature of CMOS electronics, they are often more efficient and operate at lower voltages compared to microcontrollers or other external digital devices, allowing for input signal power levels as low as -20dBm or even better.

[0147] In some embodiments, backscatter technology is a wireless technology that enables signal transmission and encoding without an active transmitter. Similar to radar principles, when electromagnetic waves reach the surface of an object, a portion is reflected. The strength of the reflected signal depends on the object's shape, material, and distance. From a radar perspective, each object has its radar cross-section (RCS). A tag modulates the reflected signal by changing its RCS. The backscatter transmitter modulates the received RF signal to transmit data without needing to generate its own RF signal.

[0148] Backscattering was first proposed by Stockman in 1948. However, due to the following limitations, traditional backscattering communication cannot be widely used in data-intensive wireless communication systems: 1) First, traditional backscatter communication requires placing the backscatter transmitter near its radio frequency emission source, which limits the use and coverage area of ​​the device.

[0149] 2) Secondly, in traditional backscatter communication, the backscatter receiver and the radio frequency transmitter are located in the same device, namely the reader, which can cause self-interference between the receiving and transmitting antennas, thereby reducing communication performance.

[0150] 3) In addition, traditional backscatter communication systems are passively operated, meaning that the backscatter transmitter only transmits data when the backscatter receiver queries it.

[0151] Recently, Ambient Backscatter Communication (AmBC) has emerged as a promising technology for enabling low-power communication. It effectively addresses the limitations of traditional backscatter communication systems, leading to wider adoption of AmBC in practical applications. An ambient backscatter communication system typically comprises three parts: an ambient radio-frequency (RF) source, a backscatter device (BD), and a reader. In an ambient backscatter communication system, backscatter devices can communicate with each other using wireless signals broadcast from ambient RF sources such as TV towers, FM towers, cellular base stations, and Wi-Fi access points (APs). Furthermore, by separating the carrier transmitter and backscatter receiver, the number of RF components in the backscatter device is minimized, and the device can operate actively; that is, the backscatter transmitter can send data without receiver activation once sufficient energy has been harvested from the RF source.

[0152] Environmental energy IoT devices (such as backscatter tags) receive carrier signals sent by readers and collect energy through RF energy harvesting modules to power low-power processing modules. After acquiring energy, the backscatter tag drives corresponding circuits to modulate the incoming wave signal and perform backscattering. Figure 1C This is a schematic diagram of backscatter communication.

[0153] In backscatter communication systems, load modulation is a commonly used data transmission method for electronic tags. Load modulation involves adjusting the electrical parameters (such as resistance or capacitance) of the electronic tag's oscillation circuit according to the rhythm of the data stream, thereby changing the magnitude and phase of the electronic tag's impedance and completing the modulation process.

[0154] Load modulation techniques mainly include two methods: resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. In resistive load modulation, a resistor, called the load modulation resistor, is connected in parallel with the load. This resistor turns on and off according to the clock of the data stream, and the switching of switch S is controlled by binary data encoding. In capacitive load modulation, a capacitor is connected in parallel with the load, replacing the load modulation resistor controlled by binary data encoding. Figure 1D This is a circuit schematic for resistive load modulation.

[0155] Taking ASK (Amplitude Shift Keying) modulation via resistance modulation as an example, the terminal can switch between absorption and reflection states by switching the load reflection coefficient. In the absorption state, i.e., the terminal achieves impedance matching, and the RF signal is completely absorbed by the terminal, preventing the terminal from radiating RF signals into space. The signal received by the receiver will be a low-level signal, which can represent bit '0'. Conversely, in the reflection state, i.e., the terminal switches the circuit impedance, causing impedance mismatch, and part of the RF signal is reflected. The signal received by the receiver will be a high-level signal, which represents bit "1". The ASK modulation signal process is as follows: Figure 1E As shown, the terminal can achieve ASK modulation of the incident RF signal through simple impedance switching, thereby enabling communication with the receiver. From the receiver's perspective, the ASK signal can be detected using low-complexity envelope detection and a comparator.

[0156] Similarly, the terminal can also change the circuit's tuning frequency by adjusting the circuit's capacitance, causing the frequency of the signal radiated by the terminal to change with the capacitance, thus achieving FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) modulation. Although FSK requires additional residual frequency offset estimation processing compared to ASK, it outperforms ASK in terms of BER (Bit Error Rate) performance. Furthermore, FSK allows for frequency division sharing among multiple devices.

[0157] Therefore, backscatter communication cleverly utilizes impedance modulation to achieve signal modulation and transmission with extremely low complexity. In contrast, backscatter terminals do not require complex RF structures such as power amplifiers (PAs), high-precision crystal oscillators, duplexers, and high-precision filters. They also do not require complex baseband processing; for example, they only need to perform envelope detection of the signal without complex channel estimation and equalization calculations. Thus, backscattering technology makes simple terminal implementation possible.

[0158] In some embodiments, low-power computing is described.

[0159] The main feature of environmental energy IoT communication technology is that it achieves backscatter communication by modulating incoming wave signals. At the same time, it can also obtain energy through energy harvesting to drive digital logic circuits or chips (such as MCU (Microcontroller Unit) or sensor chips) to realize functions such as signal encoding, encryption or simple calculation.

[0160] As seen in previous chapters, the conversion efficiency of radio frequency energy is often less than 10%, which limits the power consumption required to drive digital logic circuits or chips for computation. Although improvements in process technology and design optimization have increased the number of computations that can be performed per microjoule of energy, it still cannot meet the demands of complex calculations.

[0161] In the design of environmental energy IoT communication systems, low-power computing can be achieved by considering the following aspects: Low-power receivers: Ambient energy IoT devices can be divided into two categories based on their functional requirements. One category's main function is broadcast transmission similar to beacons. To reduce structural complexity and power consumption, receiver functionality may not be implemented. The other category considers designing simple, low-power receivers, such as using comparators to implement simple ASK / decoding functions.

[0162] Low-power chips: Low-power chips generally include MCUs and sensors. Circuits driving digital processing chips typically have minimum input voltage requirements. This necessitates that the acquired energy meets certain voltage requirements. Often, the acquired energy cannot be fully utilized for backscattering and low-power computing. Currently, mature MCUs for low-power computing generally have power consumption in the μW range. Selecting low-power MCUs and sensor chips, and implementing low-voltage drive circuit design, is both crucial and challenging for achieving low-power computing.

[0163] Simple Encoding and Modulation: Previous chapters mentioned ASK and FSK encoding methods commonly used in backscattering, which can be implemented with simple circuit designs. For encoding techniques, non-return-to-zero (NRZ) and Manchester encoding are the two most commonly used encoding methods in backscattering systems. In addition, simple and easy-to-implement encoding methods such as Unipolar RZ encoding, Differential Biphasic (DBP) encoding, Miller encoding, differential encoding, and FM0 encoding are also suitable for backscattering communication. Using simple encoding and modulation can also significantly reduce the computational power consumption of environmental IoT communication.

[0164] In some embodiments, the 3GPP Ambient IoT technology is described.

[0165] In some embodiments, the connection technology and topology are described.

[0166] According to current 3GPP research, Release-18 studied and discussed deployment scenarios, use cases, and design goals (including device power consumption, device complexity, coverage performance, user data rate, latency, mobility speed, etc.) of Ambient IoT. The research and discussion in Release-18 resulted in technical report TR 38.848.

[0167] The Ambient IoT topologies currently being discussed by 3GPP include the following: Topology 1: BS Ambient IoT device In Topology 1, Ambient IoT devices (also known as environmental IoT devices, A-IoT devices) connect directly to a base station (BS) and communicate bidirectionally. The communication between the A-IoT device and the base station includes data and signaling. Topology 1 also includes another possible scenario: base station 1 sends downlink data to the A-IoT device, and the A-IoT device sends uplink data to base station 2. In this case, the downlink and uplink data for the same service communication are from different base stations. Figure 1F A schematic diagram of an example topology is shown.

[0168] Topology 2: BS intermediate node Ambient IoT device Ambient IoT devices communicate bidirectionally with intermediate nodes, while intermediate nodes (UEs) communicate bidirectionally with base stations via cellular communication. The intermediate node can be considered a relay between the Ambient IoT device and the base station (e.g., Integrated Access and Backhaul, such as an IAB node, UE, repeater, etc.). The intermediate node must support the ability to communicate with the Ambient IoT device. The intermediate node bidirectionally transmits data and signaling between the base station and the Ambient IoT device to complete the communication. Figure 1G Another example diagram of the topology is shown.

[0169] In some embodiments, the deployment scenarios are described.

[0170] The deployment scenarios studied by 3GPP mainly include the following: 1) Deployment Scenario 1: Ambient IoT devices are indoors, and base stations are indoors. 2) Deployment Scenario 2: Ambient IoT devices are indoors, and base stations are outdoors. 3) Deployment Scenario 3: Ambient IoT devices are indoors, and the reader is the UE (User Equipment). 4) Deployment Scenario 4: Ambient IoT devices are outdoors, and base stations are outdoors. 5) Deployment Scenario 5: Ambient IoT devices are outdoors, and the reader is the UE (User Equipment). In some embodiments, the classification of equipment is described.

[0171] 3GPP TR 38.848 classifies Ambient IoT devices based on two factors: their energy storage capacity and their ability to generate radio frequency signals, as follows: Device type A: It has no energy storage capacity and no ability to independently generate or amplify radio frequency signals, meaning it can only transmit by backscattering.

[0172] Device type B: It has energy storage capability but no ability to independently generate radio frequency signals; that is, it can only transmit by backscattering. The stored energy is used to amplify the reflected signal.

[0173] Device type C: It has energy storage capacity and the ability to independently generate radio frequency signals, that is, the ability to actively transmit RF radio frequency signals.

[0174] Based on the above device classification, the Release-19 Ambient IoT project further refined and specified the device classification during its research and discussion process: RAN1#116 Agreement: For the purpose of the study, RAN1 uses the following terminologies: • Device 1: ~1 µW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither DL nor ULamplification in the device. The device's UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.

[0175] • Device 2a: ≤ a few hundred µW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device's UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally.

[0176] •Device 2b: ≤ a few hundred µW peak power consumption, has energystorage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, both DL and / or UL amplification in the device. The device's UL transmission is generatedinternally by the device. In some embodiments, physical layer links and wireless channels are described.

[0177] During the research and discussion process, the Release-19 Ambient IoT project specified the physical layer links and channels (where the reader can be a base station or an intermediate UE): R2D: reader-to-device, corresponding to the physical channel PRDCH. PRDCH can be called the physical channel between the reader and the device, or Physical reader-to-device Channel in English.

[0178] D2R: device-to-reader, corresponding to the physical channel PDRCH. PDRCH can be called the physical channel between the device and the reader, or Physical device-to-reader Channel.

[0179] CW2D: Carrier-wave-to-device.

[0180] In some embodiments, backscattering and carrier delivery are described.

[0181] For Ambient IoT devices (i.e., Device 1 and Device 2a) that cannot actively transmit, an external carrier wave (CW) is required for backscattering. When the carrier CW is provided by a base station or intermediate node UE within the topology, it can be considered as CW from inside the topology; when the carrier CW is provided by a node outside the topology, it can be considered as CW from outside the topology.

[0182] In some embodiments of R20 AIoT, specifically in outdoor scenarios, there is significant fading at both large and small scales, making the near-far effect more severe. Without power control, the D2R receive power of a device near the reader will be higher than that of a device farther away. In this situation, the interference caused by the former to the latter's reception will be extremely serious, thus requiring power control to address the near-far effect. Furthermore, in R20 AIoT, the device has stronger capabilities and certain measurement capabilities, making power control feasible.

[0183] In view of this, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a power control method to achieve power control between environmental IoT devices and reader communication.

[0184] Figure 2 This is an interactive schematic diagram illustrating a power control method according to an embodiment of this disclosure. For example... Figure 2 As shown, this disclosure relates to a power control method for a communication system 100, the method comprising: In step S2101, the environmental IoT device determines the information to be sent to the reader and determines the power of the information transmission.

[0185] In some embodiments, the environmental IoT device can be a terminal, or an IoT device, sometimes also referred to as a device. The reader can be a network device, relay, terminal, etc. For example, the reader can be a base station (BS Reader) or an intermediate UE Reader.

[0186] In some embodiments, exemplarily, the environmental IoT device is a device and the reader is a reader.

[0187] In some embodiments, the information sent by the device to the reader can be data information, control information, or both.

[0188] In some embodiments, data information and control information are carried on the same channel; or data information and control information are carried on different channels.

[0189] In an exemplary embodiment, data information and control information are carried on the same channel and transmitted through the same channel. For example, data information and control information are carried on a PDRCH.

[0190] In another exemplary embodiment, data information and control information are carried on different channels and transmitted separately through different channels. For example, data information is carried on a PDRCH, while control information is carried on a channel different from the PDRCH. This channel, different from the PDRCH, may be a newly introduced channel.

[0191] In some embodiments, the channel mentioned above is an uplink channel.

[0192] In some embodiments, the data information is uplink data information.

[0193] In some embodiments, the control information is uplink control information.

[0194] In an exemplary embodiment, the uplink control information includes at least one of the following: uplink Hybrid Automatic Repeat Quest (HARQ) feedback information, Buffer Status Report (BSR) information, or Scheduling Request (SR) information, or Channel State Information (CSI) report.

[0195] In some embodiments, the information sent by the device to the reader is data information, and the uplink transmits data information separately.

[0196] In some embodiments, when uplink data information is transmitted separately, determining the power of transmitting the data information includes either method one or method two: Method 1: Based on the repeated transmission of data information, determine the power of transmitting data information as determined by the open-loop power control method or as the maximum transmission power.

[0197] In some embodiments, based on the repeated transmission of data information, it is determined whether to use the maximum power to transmit data information; otherwise, the power determined by the open-loop power control method is used to transmit data information.

[0198] In some embodiments, the power determined using the open-loop power control method is the same as the power determined using the open-loop power control method. The power determined using the open-loop power control method can also be understood as the power determined based on the first parameter, or the power determined based on communication conditions, or the power determined based on path loss.

[0199] In some embodiments, the first parameter includes at least one of the following: maximum transmit power value; path loss factor; path loss value; first target power value; and data transmission bandwidth.

[0200] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum transmission power value is expressed in P. CMAX This indicates that the parameters are pre-configured for higher-level settings.

[0201] In the exemplary embodiment, the road loss factor, denoted by α, is pre-configured as a high-level parameter. In the exemplary embodiment, α takes a value greater than 0 and less than or equal to 1.

[0202] In the exemplary embodiment, the path loss value is represented by PLC. The path loss value is calculated by the device. For example, the device obtains p1 based on the RSRP measurement of the downlink signal S. The pre-configured transmit power of the base station transmitting the downlink signal S is determined to be p2, and the path loss value is obtained as p2-p1.

[0203] In an exemplary embodiment, the first target power value is expressed in P O_data This indicates that the parameters are pre-configured by higher layers. The first target power value can be a normalized power value or the sum of multiple power values. For example, the first target power value equals the power value: po_nominal_data + po_UE_data. Here, po_nominal_data + po_UE_data is a pre-configured value or a value defined by the protocol.

[0204] In an exemplary embodiment, the transmission bandwidth of the data information can be the number of PRBs, or the transmission bandwidth of the data information can be the absolute bandwidth BW (kHz, MHz, etc.), or the transmission bandwidth of the data information can be a bandwidth factor, where the bandwidth factor refers to the multiple of the transmission bandwidth to the unit bandwidth.

[0205] In an exemplary embodiment, when transmitting data information in a PDRCH, the transmission power of the data information is determined using the following formula when using open-loop power control (power determined based on a first parameter):

[0206] In the above formula, P data，c (i) represents the transmission power of the data information. P CMAX，c (i) represents the maximum transmission power. M data，c (i) represents the bandwidth for transmitting data. P O_data (i) represents the first target power value, α c (j) represents the road loss factor. PLc represents the road loss value.

[0207] Where i represents the time when the data information is transmitted. j can have multiple values, representing the content transmitted in the PDRCH. For example, j=1 indicates that data is transmitted in the PDRCH, j=2 indicates that control information is transmitted in the PDRCH, and the value of j in the above formula is 1. c represents the carrier on which the data is transmitted.

[0208] In some embodiments, the power of transmitting data information is determined based on the repetition rate of data transmission. The transmission power of the data information is determined based on the repetition rate of data transmission, either by using an open-loop power control method or by determining the maximum transmission power.

[0209] The power of transmitting data information is determined based on the retransmission of data information, including at least one of the following AFs: A: If the number of times the data information is repeatedly sent is greater than or equal to the number of times the data information is repeatedly sent, the power of sending the data information is determined to be the maximum transmission power (the transmission power of the data information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the number of times the data information is repeatedly sent is greater than or equal to the number of times the data information is repeatedly sent).

[0210] B: If the number of repeated transmissions of data information is less than or equal to the threshold, the power of transmitting data information is determined by the open-loop power control method (the power of transmitting data information is determined by the open-loop power control method when the number of repeated transmissions of data information is less than or equal to the threshold).

[0211] C: When the repetition level of data information is greater than or equal to the level threshold, the power of sending data information is determined to be the maximum transmission power (the transmission power of data information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the repetition level of data information is greater than or equal to the level threshold).

[0212] D: If the repetition level of the data information is less than or equal to the level threshold, the power of transmitting the data information is determined by the power determined by the open-loop power control method (the transmission power of the data information is determined by the power determined by the open-loop power control method when the repetition level of the data information is less than or equal to the level threshold).

[0213] E: The data retransmission level is the highest level, and the power to transmit the data is determined to be the maximum transmission power (the transmission power of the data is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the data retransmission level is the highest level).

[0214] F: The data retransmission level is not the highest level, and the power of transmitting the data is determined by the power determined by the open-loop power control method (the transmission power of the data is determined by the power determined by the open-loop power control method when the data retransmission level is not the highest level).

[0215] In the exemplary embodiment, the number of transmissions threshold is represented by N, and the maximum transmission power is represented by P. CMAX This indicates that when the number of repeated data transmissions exceeds N, the maximum power P is used. CMAX Transmission. When the number of repeated transmissions is less than or equal to N, or when repeated transmissions are not used, the transmission power of the data information is determined using an open-loop power control method.

[0216] In some embodiments, there is a relationship between repetition level and repetition count. For example, there is a corresponding relationship between repetition level and retransmission count. The lowest repetition level corresponds to the fewest retransmission counts, and the highest repetition level corresponds to the most retransmission counts.

[0217] In the exemplary embodiment, it is assumed that the device supports the following number of repetitions: {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128}. Repetition level 0 corresponds to 1 repetition. Repetition level 1 corresponds to {2, 4, 8, 16} repetitions. Repetition level 2 corresponds to {32, 64, 128} repetitions. In the exemplary embodiment, the level threshold is represented by X, and the maximum transmission power is represented by P. CMAX This indicates that when the retransmission level of data information is greater than X, the maximum power P is used. CMAX Transmission. When the transmission level of the data information is less than or equal to X, or when repeated transmission is not used, the transmission power of the data information is determined using an open-loop power control method.

[0218] In some embodiments, the level threshold X is preconfigured or predefined.

[0219] In the exemplary embodiment, when the repetition level is highest, the maximum power P is used. CMAX Send data information; otherwise, use open-loop power control to determine the data transmission power.

[0220] In an exemplary embodiment, data information is transmitted in the PDRCH, and the maximum number of repetitions of the configured data information is 128. P is used. CMAX Send data information.

[0221] Method 2: The power determined by the open-loop power control method will be used as the power for transmitting data information.

[0222] In some embodiments, the transmission power of the data information is fixed at a power determined using an open-loop power control method. This can also be understood as a fixed method of determining the power using an open-loop power control method (open-loop power control method) to determine the power of the transmitted data information. Alternatively, it can be understood as a fixed method of determining the power based on a first parameter to determine the power of the transmitted data information.

[0223] In some embodiments, the first parameter involved in the fixed method of determining power using the first parameter is the same as or similar to the first parameter in the repeated transmission case based on data information in the above embodiments, and the method of determining power in the fixed method of determining power using the first parameter is the same as or similar to the method of determining power in the repeated transmission case based on data information in the above embodiments. For details, please refer to the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0224] In some embodiments, the information sent by the device to the reader is control information, and the control information is transmitted separately uplink.

[0225] In some embodiments, when uplink control information is transmitted separately, determining the power for transmitting the control information includes either method one or method two: Method 1: Based on the repeated transmission of control information, determine the power of transmitting control information as determined by the open-loop power control method or as the maximum transmission power.

[0226] In some embodiments, based on the repeated transmission of control information, it is determined whether to use the maximum power to transmit control information; otherwise, the power determined by the open-loop power control method is used to transmit control information.

[0227] In some embodiments, the power determined using the open-loop power control method is the same as the power determined using the open-loop power control method. The power determined using the open-loop power control method can also be understood as the power determined based on the second parameter, or the power determined based on communication conditions, or the power determined based on path loss.

[0228] In some embodiments, the second parameter includes at least one of the following: maximum transmit power value; path loss factor; path loss value; second target power value; and transmission bandwidth of control information.

[0229] In an exemplary embodiment, the maximum transmission power value is expressed in P. CMAX This indicates that the parameters are pre-configured for higher-level settings.

[0230] In the exemplary embodiment, the road loss factor, denoted by α, is pre-configured as a high-level parameter. In the exemplary embodiment, the value of α is 1.

[0231] In the exemplary embodiment, the path loss value is represented by PLC. The path loss value is calculated by the device. For example, the device obtains p1 based on the RSRP measurement of the downlink signal S. The pre-configured transmit power of the base station transmitting the downlink signal S is determined to be p2, and the path loss value is obtained as p2-p1.

[0232] In an exemplary embodiment, the second target power value is expressed in P O_uci This indicates that the second target power value is pre-configured by higher-layer parameters. The second target power value can be a normalized power value or determined by the sum of multiple power values. For example, the second target power value equals the power value: po_nominal_uci + po_UE_uci. Here, po_nominal_uci + po_UE_uci is a pre-configured value or a protocol-defined value.

[0233] In an exemplary embodiment, the transmission bandwidth of the control information can be the number of PRBs, or the transmission bandwidth of the control information can be the absolute bandwidth BW (kHz, MHz, etc.), or the transmission bandwidth of the control information can be a bandwidth coefficient, where the bandwidth coefficient refers to the multiple of the transmission bandwidth to the unit bandwidth.

[0234] In an exemplary embodiment, when transmitting control information in a PDRCH, and using open-loop power control (power determined based on a second parameter), the transmission power of the control information is determined using the following formula:

[0235] In the above formula,

[0236] Among them, P uci，c (i) represents the transmission power of control information. P CMAX，c (i) represents the maximum transmission power. M uci，c (i) represents the transmission bandwidth of control information. P O_uci，c (j) represents the second target power value. α c (j) represents the road loss factor, with a value of 1. PLc represents the road loss value.

[0237] Where i represents the time when the control information is transmitted. j can have multiple values, representing the content transmitted in the PDRCH. For example, j=1 indicates that data is transmitted in the PDRCH, j=2 indicates that control information is transmitted in the PDRCH, and the value of j in the above formula is 1. c represents the carrier on which the control information is transmitted.

[0238] In some embodiments, the power for transmitting control information is determined based on the repetition of control information transmission. The transmission power of the control information is determined based on the repetition of control information transmission, either by using an open-loop power control method or by determining the maximum transmission power.

[0239] The power for transmitting control information, determined based on the repetition of control information transmission, includes at least one of the following AFs: A: If the number of times the control information is repeatedly sent is greater than or equal to the number of times the control information is sent, the power of sending the control information is determined to be the maximum transmission power (the transmission power of the control information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the number of times the control information is repeatedly sent is greater than or equal to the number of times the control information is sent).

[0240] B: If the number of repeated transmissions of the control information is less than or equal to the number of transmissions threshold, the power of transmitting the control information is determined by the open-loop power control method (the power of transmitting the control information is determined by the open-loop power control method when the number of repeated transmissions of the control information is less than or equal to the number of transmissions threshold).

[0241] C: When the repetition level of the control information is greater than or equal to the level threshold, the power for transmitting the control information is determined to be the maximum transmission power (the transmission power of the control information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the repetition level of the control information is greater than or equal to the level threshold).

[0242] D: If the repetition level of the control information is less than or equal to the level threshold, the power for transmitting the control information is determined by the open-loop power control method (the transmission power of the control information is determined by the open-loop power control method when the repetition level of the control information is less than or equal to the level threshold).

[0243] E: The repetition level of the control information is set to the highest level, and the power for transmitting the control information is determined to be the maximum transmission power (the transmission power of the control information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the repetition level of the control information is set to the highest level).

[0244] F: The repetition level of the control information is not the highest level, and the power of the control information is determined by the open-loop power control method (the power of the control information is determined by the open-loop power control method when the repetition level of the control information is not the highest level).

[0245] In the exemplary embodiment, the number of transmissions threshold is represented by N, and the maximum transmission power is represented by P. CMAX This indicates that when the number of repeated transmissions of control information exceeds N, the maximum power P is used. CMAX Transmit. When the number of repeated transmissions is less than or equal to N, or when repeated transmissions are not used, the transmission power of the control information is determined using an open-loop power control method.

[0246] In some embodiments, there is a relationship between repetition level and repetition count. For example, there is a corresponding relationship between repetition level and retransmission count. The lowest repetition level corresponds to the fewest retransmission counts, and the highest repetition level corresponds to the most retransmission counts.

[0247] In the exemplary embodiment, it is assumed that the device supports the following number of repetitions: {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128}. Repetition level 0 corresponds to 1 repetition. Repetition level 1 corresponds to {2, 4, 8, 16} repetitions. Repetition level 2 corresponds to {32, 64, 128} repetitions. In the exemplary embodiment, the level threshold is represented by X, and the maximum transmission power is represented by P. CMAX This indicates that when the repetition level of control information is greater than X, the maximum power P is used. CMAX Transmission. When the transmission level of control information is less than or equal to X, or when repeated transmission is not used, the transmission power of control information is determined using an open-loop power control method.

[0248] In some embodiments, the level threshold X is preconfigured or predefined.

[0249] In the exemplary embodiment, when the repetition level is highest, the maximum power P is used. CMAX Send control information; otherwise, use an open-loop power control method to determine the transmission power of the control information.

[0250] In the exemplary embodiment, the control information is repeated a maximum number of times, at which point the maximum power P is used. CMAX Send control information; otherwise, use an open-loop power control method to determine the transmission power of the control information.

[0251] Method 2: The power determined by the open-loop power control method is used as the power for sending control information.

[0252] In some embodiments, the transmission power of the control information is fixed at the power determined by an open-loop power control method. This can also be understood as using a fixed method (open-loop power control method) to determine the power for transmitting the control information.

[0253] In some embodiments, the second parameter involved in the fixed method of determining power using the second parameter is the same as or similar to the second parameter in the repeated transmission case based on control information in the above embodiments, and the method of determining power in the fixed method of determining power using the second parameter is the same as or similar to the method of determining power based on the repeated transmission case based on control information in the above embodiments. For details, please refer to the above embodiments, which will not be described in detail here.

[0254] In some embodiments, the device sends data information and control information to the reader, and the data information and control information are multiplexed together and sent together.

[0255] In some embodiments, when data information and control information are multiplexed and transmitted together, the power of transmitting the data information is determined as the overall power of transmitting the data information and transmitting the control information; or the power of transmitting the control information is determined as the overall power of transmitting the data information and transmitting the control information.

[0256] In the exemplary embodiment, uplink control information and data information are multiplexed and transmitted together, while the power used to transmit control information separately is used to transmit data information and control information, as described in the above embodiment. For example, if the control information is repeated a maximum of a certain number of times, then the maximum power P is used. CMAX Transmit data and control information. For example, if the control information is repeated 0 times, the following open-loop formula is used to determine the transmission power, with each parameter using the values ​​configured for the control information:

[0257] In step S2102, the environmental IoT device sends information to the reader at a determined power.

[0258] In some embodiments, the reader receives information sent by an environmental IoT device.

[0259] In some embodiments, the information sent by the environmental IoT device to the reader includes at least one of the following: data information; control information.

[0260] In some embodiments, data information and control information are carried on the same channel; or data information and control information are carried on different channels.

[0261] In an exemplary embodiment, data information and control information are carried on the same channel and transmitted through the same channel. For example, data information and control information are carried on a PDRCH.

[0262] In another exemplary embodiment, data information and control information are carried on different channels and transmitted separately through different channels. For example, data information is carried on a PDRCH, while control information is carried on a channel different from the PDRCH. This channel, different from the PDRCH, may be a newly introduced channel.

[0263] In some embodiments, the power at which the environmental IoT device transmits information is the power determined by the power determination method involved in the above embodiments. Please refer to the description of the above embodiments, and the embodiments disclosed herein will not be described in detail here.

[0264] The power control method disclosed herein may include at least one of steps S2101 to S2102. For example, step S2101 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, but is not limited thereto.

[0265] In some embodiments, step S2102 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0266] In some embodiments, if an arrow in the interaction diagram representing the sending of information, signaling, etc. from one subject to another passes through other subjects, it can be interpreted as the information being forwarded from one subject to another via other subjects, or it can be interpreted as the information being sent from one subject to another without passing through other subjects.

[0267] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0268] Figure 3This is a schematic flowchart illustrating a power control method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. (See also...) Figure 3 As shown, the method includes the following steps.

[0269] Step S3101: Determine the information sent by the environmental IoT device to the reader and determine the power of the information transmission.

[0270] Step S3102: Send information to the reader at a determined power.

[0271] In some embodiments, the reader / writer acquires information sent by environmental IoT devices.

[0272] In some embodiments, the information includes at least one of the following: data information; control information.

[0273] In some embodiments, the information includes data information, and determining the power of transmitting the information includes: determining, based on the repeated transmission of the data information, the power of transmitting the data information to be the power determined by the open-loop power control method or the maximum transmission power; or determining the power determined by the open-loop power control method as the power of transmitting the data information.

[0274] In some embodiments, determining the power of transmitting data information based on the retransmission of data information includes at least one of the following: If the number of repeated transmissions of data information is greater than or equal to the threshold, the power for transmitting data information is determined to be the maximum transmission power. If the number of repeated transmissions of data information is less than the threshold, the power for transmitting data information is determined using the open-loop power control method. If the repetition level of data information is greater than or equal to the level threshold, the power for transmitting data information is determined to be the maximum transmission power. If the repetition level of data information is less than the level threshold, the power for transmitting data information is determined using the open-loop power control method. The data retransmission level is set to the highest level, and the power for transmitting data is determined to be the maximum transmission power. The data transmission repetition level is not the highest level, and the power for transmitting data is determined using an open-loop power control method.

[0275] In some embodiments, the power determined by the open-loop power control method is based on at least one of the following: maximum transmit power value; path loss factor; path loss value; first target power value; data transmission bandwidth.

[0276] In some embodiments, the information includes control information, and determining the power of transmitting the information includes: determining, based on the repeated transmission of the control information, the power of transmitting the control information to be either the power determined by using an open-loop power control method or the maximum transmission power; or determining the power determined by using an open-loop power control method as the power of transmitting the control information.

[0277] In some embodiments, determining the power of transmitting control information based on the repetition of control information transmission includes at least one of the following: If the number of repeated transmissions of control information is greater than or equal to the threshold, the power for transmitting control information is determined to be the maximum transmission power. If the number of times the control information is repeatedly sent is less than the threshold, the power for sending the control information is determined to be the power determined by the open-loop power control method. If the repetition level of control information is greater than or equal to the level threshold, the power for transmitting control information is determined to be the maximum transmission power. If the repetition level of the control information is less than the level threshold, the power for transmitting the control information is determined to be the power determined by the open-loop power control method. The repetition level of control information is set to the highest level, and the power for transmitting control information is set to the maximum transmission power. The repetition level of the control information is not the highest level, and the power for transmitting the control information is determined using an open-loop power control method.

[0278] In some embodiments, the power determined by the open-loop power control method is based on at least one of the following: path loss factor; path loss value; second target power value; and transmission bandwidth of control information.

[0279] In some embodiments, the information includes data information and control information. Determining the power of transmitting the information includes: determining the power of transmitting the data information as the power of transmitting the data information and transmitting the control information; or determining the power of transmitting the control information as the power of transmitting the data information and transmitting the control information.

[0280] In some embodiments, data information and control information are carried on the same channel; or data information and control information are carried on different channels.

[0281] The power control method disclosed herein may include at least one of steps S3101 to S3102. For example, step S3101 may be implemented as a standalone embodiment, but is not limited thereto.

[0282] In some embodiments, step S3102 is optional, and one or more of these steps may be omitted or substituted in different embodiments.

[0283] In some embodiments, if an arrow in the interaction diagram representing the sending of information, signaling, etc. from one subject to another passes through other subjects, it can be interpreted as the information being forwarded from one subject to another via other subjects, or it can be interpreted as the information being sent from one subject to another without passing through other subjects.

[0284] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0285] This disclosure provides a method for power control of a device.

[0286] In some embodiments, the following solutions exist: Assumption 1: Data and control information are carried using the same channel, such as PDRCH.

[0287] Hypothesis 2: Data and control information are carried by different channels. For example, PDRCH carries uplink data information, and a new channel is introduced to carry uplink control information.

[0288] In an exemplary embodiment, when uplink control information is transmitted, the control information may be uplink HARQ feedback information, BSR information, SR information, or CSI report.

[0289] When uplink data is transmitted alone, the power control method is as follows: In some embodiments, the decision to use maximum power transmission is made based on the repetition of data transmission; otherwise, an open-loop power control method is used.

[0290] Example 1: When the number of repeated transmissions is greater than N, the maximum power pcmax is used for transmission. When the number of repeated transmissions is less than or equal to N or repeated transmissions are not used, the following open-loop power control method is used to determine the transmission power.

[0291] Example 2: When the repetition level is greater than level X, use the maximum power pcmax to transmit; otherwise (i.e., when the repetition level is less than or equal to level X, or when no repetition transmission is used), use the following open-loop power control method to determine the transmission power.

[0292] In some embodiments, the level X may be pre-configured or predefined.

[0293] Example 3: When the repetition level is the highest, use the maximum power pcmax for transmission; otherwise, use the following open-loop power control method to determine the transmission power. In some embodiments, data transmission is always performed using an open-loop power control method.

[0294] The following open-loop power control method is used where the transmission power is determined by at least one of the following parameters: Maximum transmit power value, pre-configured by higher layer parameters; Road loss factor α is pre-configured by high-rise parameters; The road loss value PLC is calculated by the device.

[0295] The device obtains p1 based on the RSRP measurement of the downlink signal S, and obtains the path loss value p2-p1 based on the pre-configured transmission power P2 of the downlink signal S transmitted by the base station. Target power value This is a pre-configured parameter from a higher layer. The value can be a normalized power value or the sum of multiple power values, such as the power value po_nominal_data + po_UE_data. Where po_nominal_data+po_UE_data is a pre-configured value or a value defined by the protocol. Transmission bandwidth; The bandwidth can be the number of PRBs, the absolute bandwidth (BW) (kHz, MHz, etc.), or the bandwidth factor, which refers to the multiple of the transmission bandwidth to the unit bandwidth. Example 1: When transmitting data in a PDRCH, the data transmission power is determined using the following formula when using open-loop power control:

[0296] In the above formula, i represents the time when the data is transmitted, j can have multiple values, j represents the content transmitted in the PDRCH, such as j=1, which means that data is transmitted in the PDRCH, j=2, which means that control information is transmitted in the PDRCH, and c represents the carrier on which the data is transmitted. Example 2: When transmitting data in PDRCH, the maximum number of repetitions configured for the data is 128, and the maximum transmission PCMAX is used for transmission.

[0297] When uplink control information is transmitted separately, the power control method is as follows: When the uplink carries control information, the power control method described above can still be used to determine the transmission power, where the path loss factor α is predefined by the protocol and its value is fixed at 1.

[0298] In some embodiments, the decision to use maximum power transmission is made based on the repeated transmission of control information; otherwise, an open-loop power control method is used.

[0299] Example 1: When the number of repeated transmissions is greater than N, use the maximum power pcmax to transmit. When the number of repeated transmissions is less than or equal to N or repeated transmissions are not used, use the following open-loop power control method to determine the transmission power.

[0300] Example 2: When the repetition level is greater than level X, use the maximum power pcmax to transmit; otherwise (i.e., when the repetition level is less than or equal to level X, or when no repetition transmission is used), use the following open-loop power control method to determine the transmission power.

[0301] The level X can be pre-configured or pre-defined. Example 3: When the repetition level is the highest, use the maximum power pcmax for transmission; otherwise, use the following open-loop power control method to determine the transmission power. In some embodiments, the controlled transmission is fixed using an open-loop power control method. The open-loop power control methods involved in the above embodiments are as follows: Transmission power is determined by at least one of the following parameters: Maximum transmit power value, pre-configured by higher layer parameters.

[0302] The road loss factor α is defined as 1 according to the protocol.

[0303] The path loss value PLC is calculated by the device. The device obtains p1 based on the RSRP measurement of the downlink signal S, and obtains the path loss value p2-p1 based on the pre-configured transmission power P2 of the downlink signal S transmitted by the base station.

[0304] Target power value The high-level parameter is pre-configured. This value can be a normalized power value or it can be determined by the sum of multiple power values, such as being equal to the power value po_nominal_uci+po_UE_uci.

[0305] Where po_nominal_uci+po_UE_uci are pre-configured values ​​or values ​​defined by the protocol.

[0306] Transmission bandwidth can be the number of PRBs, the absolute bandwidth BW (kHz, MHz, etc.), or the bandwidth factor, which refers to the multiple of the transmission bandwidth to the unit bandwidth.

[0307] Example 1: When transmitting control information in a PDRCH, the transmission power for control is determined using the following formula:

[0308] In the above formula, i represents the time of the data transmission, j can have multiple values, such as j=1, which indicates that data is being transmitted in the PDRCH, and c represents the carrier on which the data is transmitted. When uplink control information and data information are multiplexed and transmitted together, its power control method In some embodiments, the overall transmission power is determined by power control based on the control information described above.

[0309] In some embodiments, the overall transmission power is determined by power control based on the aforementioned data information.

[0310] Example 1: Uplink control and data information are multiplexed and transmitted together, according to the power of the control information mentioned above. If the repetition count of the control information is the maximum repetition count, then the maximum power pcmax is used to transmit both data and control. If the repetition count of the control information is 0, then the following open-loop formula is used to determine the transmission power, and the parameters use the values ​​configured for the control information.

[0311] The relationship between the repetition level and the number of repetitions described above in this embodiment of the disclosure is as follows: There is a corresponding relationship between the repetition level and the number of repetitions. For example, the lowest repetition level corresponds to the fewest repetitions, and the highest repetition level corresponds to the most repetitions. Assume that the device supports the following number of repetitions: {1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128}.

[0312] For example, if the repetition level is 0, the corresponding number of repetitions is 1.

[0313] The repetition level 1 corresponds to the number of repetitions {2, 4, 8, 16}.

[0314] The repetition level 2 corresponds to the number of repetitions {32, 64, 128}.

[0315] The power control method involved in the embodiments of this disclosure can be found in the steps and optional implementation methods of other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts of the specification, which will not be repeated here.

[0316] In some embodiments, if an arrow in the interaction diagram representing the sending of information, signaling, etc. from one subject to another passes through other subjects, it can be interpreted as the information being forwarded from one subject to another via other subjects, or it can be interpreted as the information being sent from one subject to another without passing through other subjects.

[0317] In some embodiments, the steps and their optional implementations in other embodiments described before or after this embodiment, as well as other related parts in the specification, can be referred to, and will not be repeated here.

[0318] This disclosure also proposes apparatus (also referred to as power control device, communication device, etc.) for implementing any of the above methods. For example, an apparatus is proposed that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the environmental IoT device in any of the above methods. Furthermore, another apparatus is proposed that includes units or modules for implementing the steps performed by the reader in any of the above methods.

[0319] It should be understood that the division of units or modules in the above device is only a logical functional division. In actual implementation, they can be fully or partially integrated into a single physical entity, or they can be physically separated. Furthermore, the units or modules in the device can be implemented by a processor calling software: for example, the device includes a processor connected to a memory containing instructions. The processor calls the instructions stored in the memory to implement any of the above methods or to implement the functions of the units or modules in the above device. The processor can be, for example, a general-purpose processor, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU) or a microprocessor, and the memory can be internal or external to the device. Alternatively, the units or modules in the device can be implemented in the form of hardware circuits. The functionality of some or all of the units or modules can be achieved through the design of these hardware circuits, which can be understood as one or more processors. For example, in one implementation, the hardware circuit is an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and the functionality of some or all of the units or modules is achieved through the design of the logical relationships between the components within the circuit. In another implementation, the hardware circuit can be implemented using a programmable logic device (PLD), such as a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), which can include a large number of logic gates. The connection relationships between the logic gates are configured through configuration files, thereby achieving the functionality of some or all of the units or modules. All units or modules of the above device can be implemented entirely through processor-called software, entirely through hardware circuits, or partially through processor-called software with the remaining parts implemented through hardware circuits.

[0320] In this embodiment, the processor is a circuit with signal processing capabilities. In one implementation, the processor can be a circuit with instruction read and execute capabilities, such as a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a graphics processing unit (GPU) (which can be understood as a microprocessor), or a digital signal processor (DSP). In another implementation, the processor can implement certain functions through the logical relationships of hardware circuits. The logical relationships of the aforementioned hardware circuits are fixed or reconfigurable. For example, the processor is a hardware circuit implemented using an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or a programmable logic device (PLD), such as an FPGA. In a reconfigurable hardware circuit, the process of the processor loading a configuration document and configuring the hardware circuit can be understood as the process of the processor loading instructions to implement the functions of some or all of the above units or modules. Furthermore, it can also be a hardware circuit designed for artificial intelligence, which can be understood as an ASIC, such as a Neural Network Processing Unit (NPU), a Tensor Processing Unit (TPU), or a Deep Learning Processing Unit (DPU).

[0321] Figure 4A This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an environmental IoT device according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The environmental IoT device 4100 is used to perform any of the above methods.

[0322] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4A As shown, the environmental IoT device 4100 may include at least one of the following: a transceiver module 4101, a processing module 4102, etc.

[0323] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 4101 is used to transmit information. The processing module 4102 is used to determine the power of transmitting information. Optionally, the transceiver module 4101 is used to perform at least one of the communication steps (e.g., step S2102, but not limited thereto) performed by the environmental IoT device in any of the above methods, which will not be described in detail here. Optionally, the processing module 4102 is used to perform at least one of the other steps (e.g., step S2101, but not limited thereto) performed by the environmental IoT device in any of the above methods, which will not be described in detail here.

[0324] Figure 4B This is a schematic diagram of the reader / writer according to an embodiment of this disclosure. The reader / writer 4200 is used to perform any of the above methods.

[0325] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4B As shown, the reader / writer 4200 may include at least one of the following: a transceiver module 4201, a processing module 4202, etc.

[0326] In some embodiments, the transceiver module 4201 is used to acquire information. Optionally, the transceiver module 4201 is used to perform at least one of the communication steps (such as step S2102, but not limited thereto) performed by the reader in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here. Optionally, the processing module 4202 is used to perform at least one of the other steps performed by the reader in any of the above methods, which will not be elaborated here.

[0327] Figure 5A This is a schematic diagram of the power control device proposed in this embodiment. The power control device 5100 can be a reader / writer (e.g., network equipment such as access network equipment or core network equipment), an environmental IoT device (e.g., user equipment), a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the reader / writer in implementing any of the above methods, or a chip, chip system, or processor that supports the environmental IoT device in implementing any of the above methods. The power control device 5100 can be used to implement the methods described in the above method embodiments; please refer to the description in the above method embodiments for details.

[0328] like Figure 5A As shown, the power control device 5100 is used to perform any of the above methods. In some embodiments, the power control device 5100 includes one or more processors 5101. The processor 5101 may be a general-purpose processor or a dedicated processor, such as a baseband processor or a central processing unit. The baseband processor may be used to process communication protocols and communication data, and the central processing unit may be used to control communication devices (e.g., base stations, baseband chips, environmental IoT devices, environmental IoT device chips, DUs or CUs, etc.), execute programs, and process program data. Optionally, the power control device 5100 is used to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, one or more processors 5101 are used to invoke instructions to cause the power control device 5100 to perform any of the above methods.

[0329] In some embodiments, the power control device 5100 further includes one or more transceivers 5102. When the power control device 5100 includes one or more transceivers 5102, the transceivers 5102 perform at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above method (e.g., step S2102, but not limited thereto), and the processor 5101 performs other steps (e.g., step S2101, but not limited thereto). In optional embodiments, the transceivers may include receivers and / or transmitters, which may be separate or integrated. Optionally, the terms transceiver, transceiver unit, transceiver, transceiver circuit, interface circuit, interface, etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms transmitter, transmitting unit, transmitter, transmitting circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably; the terms receiver, receiving unit, receiver, receiving circuit, etc., can be used interchangeably.

[0330] In some embodiments, the power control device 5100 further includes one or more memories 5103 for storing data and / or instructions. Optionally, one or more processors 5101 are used to invoke instructions stored in the memory 5103 to cause the power control device 5100 to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, all or part of the memory 5103 may also be located outside the power control device 5100. In an optional embodiment, the power control device 5100 may include one or more interface circuits 5104. Optionally, the interface circuit 5104 is connected to the memory 5103 and can be used to receive data and / or instructions from the memory 5103 or other devices, and can be used to send data and / or instructions to the memory 5103 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 5104 can read data and / or instructions stored in the memory 5103 and send the data and / or instructions to the processor 5101.

[0331] The power control device 5100 described in the above embodiments can be a reader or an environmental IoT device, but the scope of the power control device 5100 described in this disclosure is not limited to these, and the structure of the power control device 5100 can be unrestricted. Figure 5A The power control device may be a standalone device or part of a larger device. For example, the power control device may be: (1) a standalone integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem; (2) a collection of one or more ICs, optionally including storage components for storing data, programs and / or instructions; (3) an ASIC, such as a modem; (4) a module that can be embedded in other devices; (5) a receiver, environmental IoT device, smart environmental IoT device, cellular phone, wireless device, handheld device, mobile unit, vehicle device, reader, cloud device, artificial intelligence device, etc.; (6) others, etc.

[0332] Figure 5B This is a schematic diagram of the chip structure proposed in an embodiment of this disclosure. For cases where the power control device 5100 can be a chip or a chip system, please refer to... Figure 5B The diagram shown is a schematic representation of the structure of chip 5200, but it is not limited to this.

[0333] Chip 5200 includes one or more processors 5201. Chip 5200 is used to perform any of the methods described above.

[0334] In some embodiments, chip 5200 further includes one or more interface circuits 5202. Optionally, terms such as interface circuit, interface, and transceiver pin can be used interchangeably. In some embodiments, chip 5200 further includes one or more memories 5203 for storing data and / or instructions. Optionally, all or part of the memories 5203 may be located outside of chip 5200. Optionally, the interface circuit 5202 is connected to the memories 5203, and the interface circuit 5202 can be used to receive data and / or instructions from the memories 5203 or other devices, and the interface circuit 5202 can be used to send data and / or instructions to the memories 5203 or other devices. For example, the interface circuit 5202 can read data and / or instructions stored in the memories 5203 and send the data and / or instructions to the processor 5201.

[0335] In some embodiments, the interface circuit 5202 performs at least one of the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above-described method (e.g., step S2102, but not limited thereto). The interface circuit 5202 performing the communication steps such as sending and / or receiving in the above-described method refers, for example, to the interface circuit 5202 performing data and / or instruction interaction between the processor 5201, the chip 5200, the memory 5203, or the transceiver device. In some embodiments, the processor 5201 performs other steps (e.g., step S2101, but not limited thereto).

[0336] The modules and / or devices described in the various embodiments, such as virtual devices, physical devices, and chips, can be combined or separated arbitrarily as needed. Optionally, some or all steps can also be performed collaboratively by multiple modules and / or devices, which is not limited here.

[0337] This disclosure also proposes a storage medium storing instructions that, when executed on a power control device, cause the power control device to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the storage medium is an electronic storage medium. Optionally, the storage medium is a computer-readable storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a storage medium readable by other devices. Optionally, the storage medium may be a non-transitory storage medium, but not limited thereto; it may also be a temporary storage medium.

[0338] This disclosure also proposes a program product, including a program and / or instructions, which, when executed by a power control device, cause the power control device to perform any of the above methods. Optionally, the program product is a computer program product. Optionally, the program product is stored on the storage medium.

[0339] This disclosure also proposes a computer program that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform any of the above methods.

Claims

1. A power control method, characterized in that, Performed by an environmental IoT device, the method includes: Determine the information sent by the environmental IoT device to the reader, and determine the power of the information transmission; The information is sent to the reader at the specified power.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Determining the power to transmit the information includes: Based on the repeated transmission of information, the power for transmitting information is determined to be either the maximum transmission power or the power determined using an open-loop power control method; or The power is fixed to the power determined by the open-loop power control method.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The determination of the transmission power based on repeated transmission of information as either the maximum transmission power or the power determined by the open-loop power control method includes at least one of the following: If the number of times a message is repeatedly sent is greater than or equal to a threshold, the power used to send the message is determined to be the maximum sending power. If the number of times the information is repeatedly sent is less than the threshold, the power for sending the information is determined using the open-loop power control method. If the message repetition level is greater than or equal to the level threshold, the power for sending the message is determined to be the maximum transmission power. If the message repetition level is less than the level threshold, the power for sending the message is determined using the open-loop power control method. The message retransmission level is set to the highest level, and the power for transmitting the message is determined to be the maximum transmission power. The message retransmission level is not the highest level, and the power for transmitting the message is determined using an open-loop power control method.

4. The method according to any one of claims 2-3, characterized in that, The power determined using the open-loop power control method is based on at least one of the following: Maximum transmit power value; Road loss factor; Road loss value; Target power value; The bandwidth for transmitting the information.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The information includes at least one of the following: Data information; Control information.

6. A power control method, characterized in that, Performed by a reader / writer, the method includes: Information is acquired from environmental IoT devices, the transmission power of which is determined by the environmental IoT devices.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The transmission power of the information is determined as the maximum transmission power based on the retransmission status of the information, or it is determined as the power determined by an open-loop power control method; or The transmission power of the information is fixed to a power determined by an open-loop power control method.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The transmission power of the information is determined as the maximum transmission power based on the retransmission status of the information, or is determined as the power determined by an open-loop power control method, including at least one of the following: The transmission power of the information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the number of repeated transmissions of the information is greater than or equal to the number of times the information is repeatedly transmitted. The transmission power of the information is determined by using an open-loop power control method when the number of repeated transmissions of the information is less than a threshold number. The transmission power of the information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the repetition level of the information is greater than or equal to the level threshold. The transmission power of the information is determined by using an open-loop power control method when the repetition level of the information is less than the level threshold. The transmission power of the information is determined to be the maximum transmission power when the repetition level of the information is the highest level. The transmission power of the information is determined by using an open-loop power control method when the repetition level of the information is not the highest level.

9. The method according to any one of claims 7-8, characterized in that, The power determined using the open-loop power control method is based on at least one of the following: Maximum transmit power value; Road loss factor; Road loss value; Target power value; The bandwidth for transmitting the information.

10. The method according to any one of claims 6-9, characterized in that, The information includes at least one of the following: Data information; Control information.

11. A power control method, characterized in that, The method includes: The environmental IoT device determines the information to be sent to the reader and determines the power of sending the information; The environmental IoT device sends the information to the reader at the specified power.

12. A power control device, characterized in that, The power control device is used to perform the method according to any one of claims 1-5, 6-10.

13. A power control system, characterized in that, The invention includes an environmental IoT device and a reader / writer, wherein the environmental IoT device is configured to implement the power control method of any one of claims 1-5, and the reader / writer is configured to implement the method of any one of claims 6-10.

14. A storage medium storing instructions, characterized in that, When the instruction is executed on the power control device, the power control device performs the method as described in any one of claims 1-5 and 6-10.

15. A program product comprising at least one of a program and instructions, characterized in that, When at least one of the programs or instructions is executed by the power control device, it implements the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1-5 and 6-10.

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