High and steep slope landslide disaster protection emergency rescue method

Abstract

The invention discloses a high and steep slope landslide disaster protection emergency rescue method. An adopted emergency rescue system comprises a temporary slope protection unit, an auxiliary operation unit, a grouting unit and a centralized electric control unit. According to the high and steep slope landslide disaster protection emergency rescue method, rapid laying and automatic splicing of the anchor net modules can be achieved through cooperative operation of the multiple unmanned aerial vehicle sets, and preliminary positioning of the laid anchor net modules can be achieved; quick-setting composite slurry is injected into the landslide mass through the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe, so that an anchor net surface, the grouting pipe and the grouting body can form a'planar support and internal consolidation 'composite stress system, and the system can provide continuous surface pressure and tension constraint between anchoring points, so that the interface friction resistance and the shear strength of the landslide mass are remarkably improved; therefore, the risks of secondary collapse and local slippage are quickly and effectively reduced in a complex environment and urgent time, and the safety and efficiency of emergency rescue are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a landslide emergency rescue method, specifically a landslide disaster prevention and emergency rescue method applicable to steep slopes, belonging to the field of emergency rescue technology. Background Technology

[0002] In scenarios such as steep slopes, areas experiencing heavy rainfall, freeze-thaw zones, and earthquake-affected areas, slopes are highly susceptible to instability and landslides due to the combined effects of rainfall infiltration, ground motion, and excavation disturbance. The resulting loose deposits are difficult to stabilize in the short term. During landslide rescue and emergency response, operations such as clearing obstacles, search and rescue, drainage, and reinforcement must be carried out near the unstable slope. Mechanical vibrations, personnel entering the area, and rain re-infiltration can all potentially trigger secondary collapses, directly threatening the lives of rescue personnel and affected residents. Furthermore, these operations restrict equipment delivery, access opening, and casualty evacuation, significantly increasing the uncertainty and complexity of emergency rescue efforts.

[0003] Existing slope stabilization technologies primarily address routine and long-term stability needs, including shotcrete with anchor bolts (cables), lattice beams, soil nailing walls, anti-slide piles, retaining walls, micropiles, and integrated drainage systems. These technologies typically rely on detailed site surveys and relatively complete construction procedures, requiring stable work surfaces, complete sets of equipment, and long construction periods. This makes them unsuitable for meeting the emergency safety requirements of "rapid entry, rapid response, and rapid evacuation" after disasters. Furthermore, once these rigid structures are completed, adjustments and removal are difficult, making them unsuitable for temporary and mobile emergency rescue scenarios.

[0004] For temporary slope protection during landslide emergency rescue, simple structures such as sandbags, steel pipe supports, temporary retaining walls, passive protective nets, and engineered piles are commonly used. These structures have the following common problems: ① Insufficient adaptability, making it difficult to quickly fit complex slopes and irregular accumulations; ② Low degree of standardization and modularization, resulting in low efficiency in transportation, hoisting, and rapid assembly; ③ Limited anti-sliding, anti-erosion, and energy dissipation performance under the influence of rainwater re-infiltration and vibration; ④ Insufficient coordination with measures such as drainage and unloading, limiting the overall risk reduction effect.

[0005] Regarding the transportation of equipment and personnel during landslide emergency rescue, methods such as manual carrying, rope climbing, temporary ladders, and simple cableways (pulley blocks) are commonly used. These methods have problems such as limited access capacity, insufficient ability to cross dangerous sections, low efficiency, and poor safety. Large machinery is difficult to approach the work site, and the transfer of materials and injured people uphill and downhill is often restricted by terrain and the risk of secondary disasters.

[0006] While technologies such as total station displacement monitoring, inclinometers and crack gauges, borehole inclinometers, rainfall and pore pressure sensors, ground-based synthetic aperture radar, and microseismic / acoustic emission have been widely used for monitoring and early warning during landslide emergency rescue, they still suffer from drawbacks such as long deployment time, scattered data, and difficulty in linking with on-site operations under emergency conditions. Threshold settings and early warning strategies are mostly general solutions, which are difficult to dynamically adapt to changes in unloading, reinforcement, and rainfall during the treatment process, and it is difficult to form a closed loop of "monitoring-assessment-treatment-reassessment".

[0007] In summary, existing technologies lack systematic coordination among the three key links of "temporary slope protection", "equipment and personnel transportation", and "real-time monitoring and early warning": the slope protection system and transportation route are mutually restrictive, the monitoring system and operation process are disconnected, and energy and communication support are scattered, making it difficult to simultaneously ensure the efficiency of emergency rescue and the safety of operation, and making it difficult to detect and proactively control the risk of secondary disasters such as secondary collapses in a timely manner. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the problems existing in the prior art, this invention provides an emergency rescue method for landslide disaster prevention on steep slopes. This method enables the rapid construction and adjustable adaptation of temporary slope protection, thereby effectively reducing the risk of secondary collapse and local sliding in complex environments and under tight time constraints, and improving the safety and efficiency of rescue operations.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the emergency rescue system adopted in this method for preventing and responding to landslide disasters on steep slopes includes a temporary slope protection unit, an auxiliary operation unit, a grouting unit, and a centralized electrical control unit.

[0010] The temporary slope protection unit comprises multiple modular anchor mesh modules. Each anchor mesh module has a regular polygonal mesh structure, with multiple intersecting flexible warp and weft lines forming a grid. Each adjacent grid node is equipped with a multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe. Along the drilling direction, the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe sequentially includes a base, a hollow telescopic sleeve, and a hollow drill bit. The base is fixedly connected to the grid node. The multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe also contains a drilling mechanism that is connected to the hollow telescopic sleeve and the hollow drill bit for transmission. The drive motor, the inner cavity of the hollow telescopic sleeve, and the inner cavity of the hollow drill bit together form the grouting channel of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe. The grouting channel extends to the outside of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe, and the input end of the grouting channel is equipped with a quick-connect grouting connector I with a grouting magnetic coupling device. The hollow drill bit is equipped with a grout outlet communicating with its inner cavity. The network nodes located on the regular polygonal outer frame are equipped with a frame magnetic coupling device, which includes a quick magnetic coupling connector that is matched and plugged in.

[0011] The auxiliary operation unit includes a drone group and a lidar scanning component and a hoisting component that can be detached and connected to the drone group. The drone group is equipped with a pattern recognition sensor, and the hoisting component includes a quick-lifting connector.

[0012] The grouting unit includes a grouting tank with a grouting pump, and the grouting tank contains a fast-setting composite grout. The grouting tank also includes a grouting hose. The output end of the grouting hose is also equipped with a quick-connect grouting connector II with a grouting magnetic coupling device, and the magnetic poles of the grouting magnetic coupling device of the quick-connect grouting connector II and the quick-connect grouting connector I are engaged.

[0013] The centralized electrical control unit includes a central control unit, which is electrically connected to the drilling drive motor of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe, the grouting pump of the grouting unit, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) group of the auxiliary operation unit, the pattern recognition sensor and the lidar scanning component.

[0014] The specific steps of the emergency rescue and disaster prevention methods for landslides on steep slopes include:

[0015] Step 1, Disaster Assessment and Planning: After the slope collapses, a drone team equipped with a lidar scanning component is immediately used to quickly acquire the three-dimensional shape, volume, and surface crack distribution characteristics of the landslide. The central control unit constructs a digital elevation model based on the scanning results of the lidar scanning component and locates the boundary of the unstable area. Based on the data such as the coverage area and geometric shape of the landslide in the digital elevation model, the deployment range, quantity, and path of the anchor net modules are planned.

[0016] Step 2, Anchor Net Module Deployment and Self-Drilling Positioning: The central control unit controls multiple drone teams to work collaboratively to deploy anchor net modules. The central control unit accurately controls the flight position and altitude of the drone teams through feedback from the pattern recognition sensors on the drone teams. Within the planned anchor net module deployment area, the central control unit controls the drone teams equipped with hoisting components to deploy the anchor net modules sequentially. The edges of two adjacent anchor net modules are automatically magnetically coupled and connected during the deployment process through the edge magnetic coupling device. During the sequential deployment of anchor net modules, the central control unit controls the drilling drive motor of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe of the deployed anchor net modules to rotate and extend the hollow drill bit of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe while drilling into the landslide body, thus achieving the initial positioning of the deployed anchor net modules.

[0017] Step 3, Grouting and Anchoring: During the installation of the anchor mesh module, the central control unit controls multiple drones to work together for grouting. The central control unit controls the drones equipped with hoisting components to send the grout container to the set position above the installed anchor mesh module. By precisely controlling the flight position and altitude of the drones, the grouting quick-connect joint II of the grout delivery hose and the grouting quick-connect joint I of the grouting channel are firmly connected through the grouting magnetic coupling device. Then, the central control unit controls the grouting pump to pump the quick-setting composite grout into the soil fissures around the hollow drill bit. This allows the grout to initially set and reinforce the loose soil structure in a short time, achieving temporary and rapid consolidation and stabilizing the landslide. The pumping stops when the grouting reaches the set time or the pumping pressure rises to the set value. The central control unit then controls the drones to lift the grout container, disconnecting the grouting quick-connect joint II of the grout delivery hose from the grouting quick-connect joint I of the grouting channel.

[0018] Step 4, Emergency Rescue: After all anchor mesh modules have been deployed and grouting has been completed, the landslide body will be in a relatively stable state through the anchor mesh modules, and emergency rescue robots will be used for emergency rescue.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, during the Step 2 anchor net module deployment process, the anchor net modules are hoisted and stacked one by one: multiple drone groups grab the first anchor net module through the quick-lifting connector of the hoisting component and send it to the set position on the deployment path. After the first anchor net module is laid flat on the landslide surface at the set position, the central control unit controls the quick-lifting connector of the hoisting component of the multiple drone groups to release the first anchor net module. Then, the central control unit controls the multiple drone groups to return and grab the second anchor net module and send it to the set position on the deployment path adjacent to the first anchor net module. The central control unit controls the multiple drone groups to accurately position the frame position of the second anchor net module to be accurately positioned with the frame position of the first anchor net module. The frame position of the second anchor net module and the frame position of the first anchor net module are automatically magnetically coupled and connected through the frame magnetic coupling device. This process is repeated to realize the deployment and automatic splicing of all anchor net modules.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present invention, during the deployment of the anchor net modules in Step 2, a method of simultaneously hoisting and sequentially stacking multiple anchor net modules is adopted: multiple drone groups hoisting one anchor net module constitute a batch of drone groups. The central control unit controls multiple batches of drone groups to simultaneously grab the anchor net modules and send them to the set positions on the deployment path. The central control unit controls the first batch of drone groups to lay the first anchor net module flat on the set position on the landslide surface and then return. The returning first batch of drone groups grabs the anchor net module and sends it to the airspace above the deployment path to wait for further instructions. The central control unit controls the second batch of drone groups to accurately position the frame position of the second anchor net module so that the frame position of the first anchor net module is accurately positioned. The frame position of the second anchor net module and the frame position of the first anchor net module are automatically magnetically coupled and connected through a frame magnetic coupling device. The central control unit controls the second batch of drone groups to return. The returning second batch of drone groups grabs the anchor net module and sends it to the airspace above the deployment path to wait for further instructions. This process is repeated to achieve uninterrupted deployment and automatic splicing of all anchor net modules.

[0021] As a further improvement of the present invention, the base of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe is provided with a pressure-bearing pad at the top, and the pressure-bearing pad is installed and connected to the base top through a ball joint structure; in Step 2, before the central control unit controls the drilling drive motor of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe of the deployed anchor mesh module to operate, the central control unit first controls the UAV group carrying the hoisting component to send the grout box to the set position above the deployed anchor mesh module, and then controls the UAV group to hover and press against the pressure-bearing pad by precisely controlling the flight position and flight height of the UAV group. Then, the central control unit controls the drilling drive motor of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe of the deployed anchor mesh module to operate. After the hollow telescopic sleeve of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe is fully extended, the drilling drive motor is stopped, and the central control unit controls the UAV group to lift the grout box to the set position above the deployed anchor mesh module to wait.

[0022] As a further improvement of the present invention, the flexible warp and flexible weft of the anchor mesh module are flexible warp hoses and flexible weft hoses with hollow cavities. The hollow inner cavities of the flexible warp hoses and flexible weft hoses are connected at the network node positions of the grid to form an overall grouting channel. The grouting channel of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe is connected to the overall grouting channel. The frame magnetic coupling device on the network node located on the regular polygonal outer frame is equipped with a one-way valve II that can be opened and closed in one direction. When the anchor mesh module is not spliced ​​and connected to another adjacent anchor mesh module through the frame magnetic coupling device, the one-way valve II is in the closed state. When the anchor mesh module is spliced ​​and connected to another adjacent anchor mesh module through the frame magnetic coupling device, the one-way valve II is in the open state.

[0023] As a further improvement of the present invention, a quick-connect grouting joint I with a grouting magnetic coupling device is set at a certain network node position of the anchor network module, and a one-way valve I that can be opened and closed in one direction is provided in the quick-connect grouting joint I. When the quick-connect grouting joint II is not connected to the quick-connect grouting joint I through the grouting magnetic coupling device, the one-way valve I is in the closed state. When the quick-connect grouting joint II is connected to the quick-connect grouting joint I through the grouting magnetic coupling device, the one-way valve I is in the open state, and grouting is performed through the quick-connect grouting joint I of a certain anchor network module, so as to realize the simultaneous grouting of the already deployed anchor network module.

[0024] As a further improvement of the present invention, the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe is equipped with a monitoring sensor, a power module and a wireless transceiver module. During the drilling and grouting process of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe, the monitoring sensor feeds back monitoring data to the central control unit in real time through the wireless transceiver module. The central control unit automatically adjusts the drilling speed or grouting pressure according to the feedback from the monitoring sensor to ensure the anchoring depth and stability.

[0025] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the drilling drive motor is powered by wired power supply.

[0026] Compared with existing technologies, this method for emergency rescue and disaster prevention of landslides on steep slopes has the following beneficial effects: Since the modular anchor net module includes a frame magnetic coupling device 1, the rapid deployment and automatic splicing of the anchor net module can be achieved through the coordinated operation of multiple drone groups. Since the modular anchor net module includes multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipes 3, the initial positioning of the deployed anchor net module can be achieved. Furthermore, by injecting quick-setting composite grout into the landslide body through the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipes 3, the anchor net surface, grouting pipes, and grouting body can form a composite force system of "surface support + internal consolidation". This system can provide continuous surface pressure and tensile constraints between anchor points, thereby significantly improving the interface friction and slope shear strength. This enables the rapid and effective reduction of the risk of secondary collapse and local sliding in complex environments and under tight time constraints, improving the safety and efficiency of rescue and relief. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the anchor net module of the present invention deployed on the landslide body;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a side view of the anchor net module of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe of the spiral telescopic control structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view.

[0032] In the figure: 1. Frame magnetic coupling device, 2. Flexible warp and flexible weft, 3. Multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe, 31. Drilling drive motor, 4. Hollow drill bit, 5. Hollow telescopic sleeve, 6. Monitoring sensor, 7. Grouting channel, 8. Pressure bearing plate. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] The emergency rescue system used in this method for preventing and responding to landslide disasters on steep slopes includes a temporary slope protection unit, an auxiliary operation unit, a grouting unit, and a centralized electrical control unit.

[0035] The temporary slope protection unit comprises multiple modular anchor mesh modules, such as... Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the anchor mesh module is a regular polygonal mesh structure. Multiple intersecting flexible warp and weft threads 2 form a mesh structure. Each adjacent mesh node is equipped with a multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3. Figure 3 , Figure 4 As shown, the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3 includes, along the drilling direction, a base, a hollow telescopic sleeve 5, and a hollow drill bit 4. The base is fixedly connected to the network node. The multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3 also contains a drilling drive motor 31 that is connected to the hollow telescopic sleeve 5 and the hollow drill bit 4. By controlling the rotation of the drilling drive motor 31, the extension of the hollow telescopic sleeve 5 and the rotation of the hollow drill bit 4 can be achieved. The hollow drill bit 4 is a self-tapping drill bit structure with a self-tapping tip and self-tapping threads, similar to a self-tapping screw. The inner cavity of the hollow telescopic sleeve 5 and the hollow drill bit... The inner cavity of 4 together forms the grouting channel 7 of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3. The grouting channel 7 extends to the outside of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3, and the input end of the grouting channel 7 is provided with a quick-connect grouting connector I with a grouting magnetic coupling device. The hollow drill bit 4 is provided with a grout outlet communicating with its inner cavity. The network node located on the regular polygonal outer frame is provided with a frame magnetic coupling device 1. The frame magnetic coupling device 1 includes a quick magnetic coupling connector that is matched and inserted. Multiple modular anchor mesh modules can be spliced ​​and connected through the frame magnetic coupling device 1.

[0036] The auxiliary operation unit includes a drone group and a lidar scanning component and a hoisting component that can be detached and connected to the drone group. The drone group is equipped with a pattern recognition sensor, and the hoisting component includes a quick-lifting connector.

[0037] The grouting unit includes a grouting tank with a grouting pump, and the grouting tank contains a fast-setting composite grout with properties of rapid setting, early strength, impermeability and corrosion resistance. The grouting tank also includes a grout delivery hose, and the output end of the grout delivery hose is also equipped with a grouting quick-connect joint II with a grouting magnetic coupling device. The magnetic poles of the grouting quick-connect joint II and the grouting magnetic coupling device of the grouting quick-connect joint I are matched.

[0038] The centralized electrical control unit includes a central control unit, which is electrically connected to the drilling drive motor 31 of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3, the grouting pump of the grouting unit, the unmanned aerial vehicle group of the auxiliary operation unit, the pattern recognition sensor and the lidar scanning component.

[0039] The specific steps of the emergency rescue and disaster prevention method for landslides on steep slopes are as follows:

[0040] Step 1, Disaster Assessment and Planning: After the slope collapses, a drone team equipped with a lidar scanning component is immediately used to quickly acquire the three-dimensional shape, volume, and surface crack distribution characteristics of the landslide body. The central control unit constructs a high-precision digital elevation model based on the scanning results of the lidar scanning component and accurately locates the boundary of the unstable area. Based on the data such as the coverage area and geometric shape of the landslide body in the digital elevation model, the deployment range, quantity, and path of the anchor net modules are planned.

[0041] Step 2, Anchor Net Module Deployment and Self-Drilling Positioning: The central control unit controls multiple drone teams to work collaboratively to deploy the anchor net modules. The central control unit precisely controls the flight position and altitude of the drone teams based on feedback from pattern recognition sensors on the drone teams. Within the planned anchor net module deployment area, the central control unit controls the drone teams equipped with hoisting components to deploy the anchor net modules sequentially. The edges of adjacent anchor net modules are automatically magnetically coupled during deployment via the edge magnetic coupling device 1. During the sequential deployment of the anchor net modules, the central control unit controls... The drilling drive motor 31 of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3, which has been installed as an anchor mesh module, is activated, causing the hollow drill bit 4 of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3 to rotate and extend at the same time. Since the landslide body is relatively loose and the entire anchor mesh module has a certain weight, the weight of the entire anchor mesh module can apply a certain force in the axial direction of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3 during the process of the hollow drill bit 4 rotating and extending. The hollow drill bit 4 can drill into the landslide body through the self-tapping tip and self-tapping thread to achieve the initial positioning of the installed anchor mesh module.

[0042] During the deployment process, the anchor mesh modules can be hoisted and stacked one by one: multiple drone teams grab the first anchor mesh module through the quick-lifting connector of the hoisting component and send it to the set position on the deployment path. After the first anchor mesh module is laid flat on the landslide surface at the set position, the central control unit controls the quick-lifting connector of the hoisting component of the multiple drone teams to release the first anchor mesh module. Then, the central control unit controls the multiple drone teams to return and grab the second anchor mesh module and send it to the set position on the deployment path adjacent to the first anchor mesh module. The central control unit controls the multiple drone teams to accurately position the frame position of the second anchor mesh module to be accurately aligned with the frame position of the first anchor mesh module. The frame position of the second anchor mesh module and the frame position of the first anchor mesh module are automatically magnetically coupled and connected through the frame magnetic coupling device 1. This process is repeated to achieve the deployment and automatic splicing of all anchor mesh modules.

[0043] During deployment, multiple anchor net modules can also be hoisted simultaneously and stacked sequentially: multiple drone groups hoisting one anchor net module constitute a batch of drones. The central control unit controls multiple batches of drones to simultaneously grab the anchor net module and send it to the set position on the deployment path. The central control unit controls the first batch of drones to lay the first anchor net module flat on the set position on the landslide surface and then return. The returning first batch of drones grabs the anchor net module and sends it to stand by in the air above the deployment path. The central control unit controls the second batch of drones to accurately position the frame position of the second anchor net module so that the frame position of the second anchor net module is accurately aligned with the frame position of the first anchor net module. The frame position of the second anchor net module and the frame position of the first anchor net module are automatically magnetically coupled and connected through the frame magnetic coupling device 1. The central control unit controls the second batch of drones to return. The returning second batch of drones grabs the anchor net module and sends it to stand by in the air above the deployment path. This process is repeated to achieve uninterrupted deployment and automatic splicing of all anchor net modules.

[0044] Step 3, Grouting and Anchoring: During the installation of the anchor mesh modules, the central control unit controls multiple drones to work together for grouting. The central control unit controls the drones equipped with hoisting components to deliver the grout container to the designated position above the installed anchor mesh modules. By precisely controlling the flight position and altitude of the drones, the quick-connect joint II of the grout delivery hose and the quick-connect joint I of the grouting channel 7 are securely connected through the grouting magnetic coupling device. Then, the central control unit controls the grouting pump to pump the grout, achieving rapid setting and bonding. The grout can be pumped into the landslide body through the grout delivery hose, grouting channel 7 and the grout outlet of the hollow drill bit 4 under the action of pumping pressure. The quick-setting composite grout seeps into the soil fissures around the hollow drill bit 4 and initially sets in a short time to reinforce the loose structure of the soil, achieving temporary and rapid consolidation and stabilizing the landslide body. When the grouting reaches the set time or the pumping pressure rises to the set value, the pumping is stopped. The central control unit controls the drone unit to lift the grout tank and disconnect the quick-connect grouting joint II of the grout delivery hose from the quick-connect grouting joint I of the grouting channel 7.

[0045] Step 4, Emergency Rescue: After all anchor mesh modules are deployed and grouting is completed, the landslide body will be in a relatively stable state through the anchor mesh modules. Emergency rescue robots can then be used for rescue operations. These robots can be biomimetic emergency rescue robots with multiple robotic arms on their chassis. The robots can move or locate themselves on the landslide body by clamping or releasing the longitudinal and / or latitude lines of the anchor mesh modules using their robotic arms. By setting up life detectors and a pathfinding system, the robots can perform omnidirectional detection on the landslide body. If a life signal is detected at a location under the landslide, the robot can use its robotic arms to first disconnect the magnetic coupling between the anchor mesh module above the location of the life signal and other surrounding anchor mesh modules, and then perform targeted excavation within a localized area.

[0046] To facilitate the smooth drilling of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3 into the landslide body, as a further improvement of the present invention, a pressure-bearing plate 8 is provided at the top of the base of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3, and the pressure-bearing plate 8 is connected to the top of the base through a ball joint structure; in Step 2, before the central control unit controls the drilling drive motor 31 of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3 of the deployed anchor mesh module to operate, the central control unit first controls the UAV group carrying the hoisting component to send the grout container to the set position above the deployed anchor mesh module, and then precisely controls the flight position and flight altitude of the UAV group to make the grout container hover and press against the pressure-bearing plate 8. The bottom plane of the grout container can press against multiple network sections at the same time. The pressure pad 8 of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3 at the point is self-adjusted and abuts against the bottom plate of the grouting box during the pressing process. The grouting box can then apply static pressure in the axial direction to the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3. Then, the central control unit controls the drilling drive motor 31 of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3 of the already deployed anchor mesh module to operate. The hollow drill bit 4 can then steadily drill into the landslide body through the self-tapping tip and self-tapping thread. After the hollow telescopic sleeve 5 of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3 is fully extended, the drilling drive motor 31 is stopped. The central control unit controls the UAV group to lift the grouting box to the set position above the already deployed anchor mesh module and wait for operation.

[0047] To simultaneously grout the deployed anchor mesh modules and improve emergency response efficiency, as a further improvement of this invention, the flexible warp and weft threads 2 of the anchor mesh module are flexible warp hoses and flexible weft hoses with hollow cavities. The hollow cavities of the flexible warp hoses and flexible weft hoses are connected at the network node positions of the grid to form an overall grouting channel. Furthermore, the grouting channel 7 of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3 is connected to the overall grouting channel. A one-way valve II is installed in the frame magnetic coupling device 1 located on the grid node of the regular polygonal shape. When the anchor mesh module is not connected to an adjacent anchor mesh module through the frame magnetic coupling device 1, the one-way valve II is closed, meaning the overall grouting channel of the anchor mesh module is disconnected from the overall grouting channel of the adjacent anchor mesh module, and the rapid-setting composite grout will not leak out from the network node positions during grouting. When the anchor mesh module is connected to an adjacent anchor mesh module through the frame magnetic coupling device 1, the one-way valve II is open. The overall grouting channel of the anchor mesh module is connected to the overall grouting channel of an adjacent anchor mesh module. During grouting, the quick-setting composite grout can enter the overall grouting channel of the other anchor mesh module through the network node. The quick-connect grouting joint I with a grouting magnetic coupling device is set at a certain network node of the anchor mesh module, and the quick-connect grouting joint I is equipped with a one-way valve I that can be opened and closed in one direction. When the quick-connect grouting joint II is not connected to the quick-connect grouting joint I through the grouting magnetic coupling device, the one-way valve I is in the closed state. When the quick-connect grouting joint II is connected to the quick-connect grouting joint I through the grouting magnetic coupling device, the one-way valve I is in the open state. That is, after the anchor mesh module is spliced ​​and connected to another adjacent anchor mesh module, the overall grouting channel of the anchor mesh module is connected to the overall grouting channel of the other adjacent anchor mesh module. When grouting is performed through the quick-connect grouting joint I of one anchor mesh module, the quick-setting composite grout will not leak out from the quick-connect grouting joint I of the other anchor mesh module. With this setup, grouting can be performed on all existing anchor mesh modules simultaneously by using the quick-connect grouting joint I of one of the anchor mesh modules.

[0048] To achieve better grouting and anchoring effects, as a further improvement of this invention, the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3 is equipped with a monitoring sensor 6, a power module, and a wireless transceiver module. The monitoring sensor 6 may include a displacement sensor, an acceleration sensor, a pressure sensor, a temperature and humidity sensor, etc. During the drilling and grouting process of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3, the monitoring sensor 6 can transmit monitoring data to the central control unit in real time via the wireless transceiver module. The central control unit can automatically adjust the drilling speed or grouting pressure based on the feedback from the monitoring sensor 6 to ensure the anchoring depth and stability.

[0049] As one embodiment of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3 of the present invention, the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3 has a spiral telescopic control structure, such as... Figure 4 As shown, the central screw 32 is threadedly connected to the hollow telescopic sleeve 5. The central screw 32 also has a hollow inner cavity. The hollow telescopic sleeve 5 includes a base section 51, a telescopic section 52, a connecting disc 53, and a transmission sleeve 54. The base section 51 and the telescopic section 52 are sequentially fitted and connected, and the base section 51 and the telescopic section 52 are axially sliding and radially positioned. The base section 51 is fixedly installed and connected to the base of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3, and the central screw 32 is coaxially and rollingly installed on the base section 51. The connecting disc 53 is coaxially and fixedly installed on the inner end of the telescopic section 52, and the connecting disc 53 is threadedly connected to the central screw 32. The transmission sleeve 54 is coaxially sleeved on the central screw 32, and the transmission sleeve 54 and the central screw 32 are radially positioned and connected by a key and keyway that are matched. The transmission sleeve 54 is axially positioned and rolled and connected to the connecting plate 53. The drilling drive motor 31 is a hollow shaft motor with a hollow inner cavity, and the hollow shaft motor is fixedly installed on the outer end of the expansion joint 52. One end of the hollow shaft motor is connected to the hollow drill bit 4 and the other end is connected to the transmission sleeve 54. The hollow inner cavity of the hollow shaft motor, the hollow inner cavity of the central screw 32, the inner cavity of the transmission sleeve 54, and the inner cavity of the hollow drill bit 4 together form the grouting channel 7 of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe 3. When the hollow shaft motor is controlled to rotate, it drives the hollow drill bit 4 to rotate while simultaneously driving the transmission sleeve 54 to rotate. The rotation of the transmission sleeve 54, in turn, drives the central screw 32 to rotate. The central screw 32, through threaded engagement, drives the connecting disc 53 to move relative to it, causing the telescopic joint 52 to extend along its axial direction. This allows the hollow drill bit 4 to rotate while simultaneously extending along with the telescopic joint 52. The hollow telescopic sleeve 5 can be a multi-stage telescopic structure; that is, the telescopic joint 52 can include multiple sub-telescopic joints that are sequentially nested together, with axial sliding and radial positioning configurations between the sub-telescopic joints. Figure 4The diagram shows a two-stage telescopic structure including two sub-telescopic sections. Similar to the aforementioned transmission structure, each sub-telescopic section has a connecting plate 53 and a transmission sleeve 54 on its inner end. The connecting plate 53 of the inner sub-telescopic section is threadedly connected to the transmission sleeve 54 of the outer sub-telescopic section. The transmission sleeve 54 of the inner sub-telescopic section is sleeved on the transmission sleeve 54 of the outer sub-telescopic section, and the transmission sleeve 54 of the inner sub-telescopic section is radially positioned and connected to the transmission sleeve 54 of the outer sub-telescopic section. The transmission sleeve 54 of each sub-telescopic section is axially positioned and rolledly connected to its corresponding connecting plate 53. The hollow shaft motor is fixedly installed on the outer end of the innermost sub-telescopic section. A spline sleeve 55 is also included. The hollow shaft motor is splinedly connected to the transmission sleeve 54 of the innermost sub-telescopic section through the spline sleeve 55. By reasonably setting the telescopic stroke of the multiple sub-telescopic sections and the engagement length of the spline sleeve 55, the hollow drill bit 4 can be rotated while extending through the multiple sub-telescopic sections.

[0050] Regarding the power supply method for the drilling drive motor 31, it can be powered by a built-in battery, wirelessly powered by a drone, or wired. Since wired power supply is more stable and can achieve high current supply, it is the preferred method of this invention. Specifically, the drilling drive motors 31 of all multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipes 3 on the anchor mesh module are electrically connected via module wires. The module wires are equipped with quick-connect electrode terminals I with electromagnetic coupling devices. One end of the main power supply wire is equipped with a quick-connect electrode terminal II with an electromagnetic coupling device, and the other end is connected to a power source. During grouting operations, the central control unit can control the drone equipped with the hoisting assembly to send the terminal of the main power supply wire to a set position above the deployed anchor mesh module. By precisely controlling the flight position and altitude of the drone, the quick-connect electrode terminal II of the main power supply wire and the quick-connect electrode terminal I of the module wire are securely connected via the electromagnetic coupling device, thus achieving circuit connection.

[0051] This method for emergency rescue and disaster prevention of landslides on steep slopes enables the rapid construction and adaptability of temporary slope protection, thereby effectively reducing the risk of secondary collapse and local sliding in complex environments and under tight time constraints, and improving the safety and efficiency of rescue and relief efforts.

Claims

1. A method for emergency rescue and disaster relief in the protection of steep slopes against landslides, characterized in that, The emergency rescue system adopted includes temporary slope protection units, auxiliary operation units, grouting units, and centralized electrical control units; The temporary slope protection unit includes multiple modular anchor mesh modules. The anchor mesh module is a regular polygonal mesh structure. Multiple intersecting flexible warp and weft lines (2) form a mesh structure. Each network node of two adjacent meshes is equipped with a multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3). The multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3) includes a base, a hollow telescopic sleeve (5), and a hollow drill bit (4) in sequence along the drilling direction. The base is fixedly connected to the network node. The multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3) is also equipped with a drilling drive motor that is connected to the hollow telescopic sleeve (5) and the hollow drill bit (4). 31), the inner cavity of the hollow telescopic sleeve (5) and the inner cavity of the hollow drill bit (4) together form the grouting channel (7) of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3). The grouting channel (7) extends to the outside of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3), and the input end of the grouting channel (7) is provided with a quick-connect grouting connector I with a grouting magnetic coupling device. The hollow drill bit (4) is provided with a grout outlet communicating with its inner cavity. The network node located on the regular polygonal outer frame is provided with a frame magnetic coupling device (1). The frame magnetic coupling device (1) includes a quick magnetic coupling connector that is matched and inserted. The auxiliary operation unit includes a drone group and a lidar scanning component and a hoisting component that can be detached and connected to the drone group. The drone group is equipped with a pattern recognition sensor, and the hoisting component includes a quick-lifting connector. The grouting unit includes a grouting tank with a grouting pump, and the grouting tank contains a fast-setting composite grout. The grouting tank also includes a grouting hose. The output end of the grouting hose is also equipped with a quick-connect grouting connector II with a grouting magnetic coupling device, and the magnetic poles of the grouting magnetic coupling device of the quick-connect grouting connector II and the quick-connect grouting connector I are engaged. The centralized electrical control unit includes a central control unit, which is electrically connected to the drilling drive motor (31) of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3), the grouting pump of the grouting unit, the unmanned aerial vehicle group of the auxiliary operation unit, the pattern recognition sensor and the laser radar scanning component. The specific steps of the emergency rescue and disaster prevention methods for landslides on steep slopes include: Step 1, Disaster Assessment and Planning: After the slope collapses, a drone team equipped with a lidar scanning component is immediately used to quickly acquire the three-dimensional shape, volume, and surface crack distribution characteristics of the landslide. The central control unit constructs a digital elevation model based on the scanning results of the lidar scanning component and locates the boundary of the unstable area. Based on the data such as the coverage area and geometric shape of the landslide in the digital elevation model, the deployment range, quantity, and path of the anchor net modules are planned. Step 2, Anchor Net Module Deployment and Self-Drilling Positioning: The central control unit controls multiple drone groups to work together to deploy anchor net modules. The central control unit accurately controls the flight position and altitude of the drone groups through the feedback of the pattern recognition sensors on the drone groups. Within the planned anchor net module deployment range, the central control unit controls the drone groups equipped with hoisting components to deploy the anchor net modules in sequence. The frame positions of two adjacent anchor net modules are automatically magnetically coupled and connected through the frame magnetic coupling device (1) during the deployment process. During the sequential deployment of anchor net modules, the central control unit controls the drilling drive motor (31) of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3) of the deployed anchor net modules to rotate and extend the hollow drill bit (4) of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3) and drill into the landslide body to achieve the initial positioning of the deployed anchor net modules. Step 3, Grouting and Anchoring: During the installation of the anchor network module, the central control unit controls multiple drones to work together to grout. The central control unit controls the drones equipped with hoisting components to send the grout container to the set position above the installed anchor network module. By precisely controlling the flight position and flight height of the drones, the grouting quick docking joint II of the grouting hose and the grouting quick docking joint I of the grouting channel (7) are firmly docked through the grouting magnetic coupling device. Then, the central control unit controls the grouting pump to pump the quick-setting composite grout into the soil fissures around the hollow drill bit (4) and initially set and reinforce the loose structure of the soil in a short time, so as to achieve temporary rapid consolidation and stabilize the landslide body. When the grouting reaches the set time or the pumping pressure rises to the set value, the pumping stops. The central control unit controls the drones to lift the grout container and disconnect the grouting quick docking joint II of the grouting hose from the grouting channel (7). Step 4, Emergency Rescue: After all anchor mesh modules have been deployed and grouting has been completed, the landslide body will be in a relatively stable state through the anchor mesh modules, and emergency rescue robots will be used for emergency rescue.

2. The emergency rescue method for landslide disaster prevention on steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, Step 2 During the deployment of anchor net modules, the anchor net modules are hoisted and stacked one by one: multiple drone groups grab the first anchor net module through the quick-lifting connector of the hoisting component and send it to the set position on the deployment path. After the first anchor net module is laid flat on the set position on the surface of the landslide body, the central control unit controls the quick-lifting connector of the hoisting component of the multiple drone groups to release the first anchor net module. Then the central control unit controls the multiple drone groups to return and grab the second anchor net module and send it to the set position on the deployment path adjacent to the first anchor net module. The central control unit controls the multiple drone groups to accurately position so that the frame position of the second anchor net module is accurately positioned with the frame position of the first anchor net module. The frame position of the second anchor net module is automatically magnetically coupled to the frame position of the first anchor net module through the frame magnetic coupling device (1). This process is repeated to realize the deployment and automatic splicing of all anchor net modules.

3. The emergency rescue method for landslide disaster prevention on steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, In Step 2, during the deployment of anchor net modules, multiple anchor net modules are hoisted and stacked sequentially. Multiple drone groups hoisting one anchor net module are considered as a batch of drones. The central control unit controls multiple batches of drones to simultaneously grab the anchor net module and send it to the set position on the deployment path. The central control unit controls the first batch of drones to lay the first anchor net module flat on the set position on the landslide surface and then return. The returning first batch of drones grabs the anchor net module and sends it to the air above the deployment path to wait. The central control unit controls the second batch of drones to accurately position the frame position of the second anchor net module so that the frame position of the second anchor net module is accurately positioned with the frame position of the first anchor net module. The frame position of the second anchor net module is automatically magnetically coupled to the frame position of the first anchor net module through the frame magnetic coupling device (1). The central control unit controls the second batch of drones to return. The returning second batch of drones grabs the anchor net module and sends it to the air above the deployment path to wait. This process is repeated to achieve uninterrupted deployment and automatic splicing of all anchor net modules.

4. The emergency rescue method for landslide disaster prevention on steep slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3) is provided with a pressure bearing plate (8), and the pressure bearing plate (8) is connected to the base top through a ball joint structure. In Step 2, before the central control unit controls the drilling drive motor (31) of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3) of the already deployed anchor mesh module to operate, the central control unit first controls the UAV group equipped with the hoisting component to send the grout box to the set position above the already deployed anchor mesh module. Then, by precisely controlling the flight position and flight altitude of the UAV group, the grout box is suspended and pressed against the pressure pad (8). Then, the central control unit controls the drilling drive motor (31) of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3) of the already deployed anchor mesh module to operate. After the hollow telescopic sleeve (5) of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3) is fully extended, the drilling drive motor (31) stops operating. The central control unit controls the UAV group to lift the grout box to the set position above the already deployed anchor mesh module to wait for the operation.

5. The emergency rescue method for landslide disaster prevention on steep slopes according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The flexible warp and flexible weft (2) of the anchor net module are flexible warp hoses and flexible weft hoses with hollow cavities. The hollow inner cavities of the flexible warp hoses and flexible weft hoses are connected at the network node positions of the grid to form an overall grouting channel. The grouting channel (7) of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3) is connected to the overall grouting channel. The frame magnetic coupling device (1) on the network node on the regular polygonal outer frame is equipped with a one-way valve II that can be opened and closed in one direction. When the anchor net module is not spliced ​​and connected to another adjacent anchor net module through the frame magnetic coupling device (1), the one-way valve II is in the closed state. When the anchor net module is spliced ​​and connected to another adjacent anchor net module through the frame magnetic coupling device (1), the one-way valve II is in the open state.

6. The emergency rescue method for landslide disaster prevention on steep slopes according to claim 5, characterized in that, A quick-connect grouting joint I with a grouting magnetic coupling device is installed at a network node of the anchor network module. The quick-connect grouting joint I is equipped with a one-way valve I that can be opened and closed in one direction. When the quick-connect grouting joint II is not connected to the quick-connect grouting joint I through the grouting magnetic coupling device, the one-way valve I is in the closed state. When the quick-connect grouting joint II is connected to the quick-connect grouting joint I through the grouting magnetic coupling device, the one-way valve I is in the open state, and grouting is carried out through the quick-connect grouting joint I of a certain anchor network module, so as to realize the simultaneous grouting of the already deployed anchor network module.

7. The emergency rescue method for landslide disaster prevention on steep slopes according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3) is equipped with a monitoring sensor (6), a power module and a wireless transceiver module. During the drilling and grouting process of the multi-stage self-drilling hollow grouting pipe (3), the monitoring sensor (6) feeds back the monitoring data to the central control unit in real time through the wireless transceiver module. The central control unit automatically adjusts the drilling speed or grouting pressure according to the feedback from the monitoring sensor (6) to ensure the anchoring depth and stability.

8. The emergency rescue method for landslide disaster prevention on steep slopes according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The drilling drive motor (31) is powered by wired power supply.

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