Kidney bean picking harvester and use method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a kidney bean picking harvester and a using method thereof. The problems that an existing harvester is large in kidney bean harvesting loss, poor in harvesting quality and insufficient in reliability are solved. According to the design scheme, a soil separating roller, a uniform distributor and a feeding roller are sequentially arranged between a pickup device and a threshing and separating device from front to back in the transverse direction, the soil separating roller is arranged at the rear end of an upper conveying face of the pickup device and attached to the front end of a lower shell of the uniform distributor, and the uniform distributor and the feeding roller are arranged from the low position to the high position. The middle section of the feeding roller corresponds to a feeding opening below the front end of the threshing and separating device, a grain elevator is vertically arranged on the side of the rear section of the cleaning sieve, the wind power impurity removing device is arranged above the rear section of the cleaning sieve, and the lower inlet end of an axial air suction pipe of a suction type high-pressure fan of the wind power impurity removing device covers the sieve surface of the rear section of the cleaning sieve. The device is suitable for picking and harvesting kidney beans.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular relates to a kidney bean picking and harvesting machine, as well as its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Kidney bean pods are long and curved. When mature, the pods turn from green to yellowish-brown, the skin wrinkles and loses its luster, and the seeds become plump and hardened, making a crisp sound when shaken. The plant shows signs of maturity: lower leaves gradually wither and fall off, stems begin to dry out, and the whole plant exhibits signs of maturity. Generally, the pods fall to the ground along with the vine. In terms of seed characteristics, kidney beans are typically kidney-shaped, with a smooth surface and uniform, plump size. Kidney beans have maintained a stable planting area in my country. Based on the growth characteristics of kidney bean plants, and the fact that mature pods fall to the ground along with the vine, directly harvesting kidney beans using combine harvesters equipped with traditional cutting headers would directly cut the pods and vines, resulting in losses of pods, seeds, and vines. Therefore, it is required that kidney beans must be harvested in stages. That is, a kidney bean stalk puller is used to pull up the kidney bean stalks and spread them out to dry, and then a harvester is used to pick up and thresh them. The harvest is completed in two steps using two machines. Because a lot of soil adheres to the roots of the kidney bean stalks when they are pulled up and spread out to dry, and some soil is also mixed into the stalks during the pulling and spreading process, the existing grain combine harvesters with traditional conveyor belt pickers are not suitable for picking up and harvesting kidney beans. The problem is that a lot of soil is carried in during the picking and conveying process, making it difficult to feed, thresh, separate and clean the beans. This causes clogging of the threshing device and the cleaning screen, resulting in threshing and cleaning losses, and is prone to failure. Moreover, the harvested grains contain a lot of soil. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to address the aforementioned problems by providing a kidney bean picking and harvesting machine that minimizes harvest loss, ensures high harvest quality, and offers high reliability, while also providing its usage method.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: The kidney bean picking and harvesting machine of the present invention includes a frame and two traveling wheels, a traction frame, a transmission system, a threshing and separating device, a cleaning screen, a grain conveyor, a grain elevator, a conveying auger, a grain bin, and a picker arranged laterally below the front end of the frame. The cleaning screen is located below the threshing and separating device, the grain conveyor is located below the rear section of the cleaning screen, and the grain bin is located above the threshing and separating device. It also includes a soil-distributing roller, a distributor, a feeding roller, and a pneumatic impurity removal device. Between the picker and the threshing and separating device, the soil-distributing roller, distributor, and... are arranged sequentially from front to back along the transverse direction. The feeding roller and the soil separating roller are smooth cylindrical in shape. The soil separating roller is set at the rear end of the conveying surface on the pickup and is connected to the front end of the lower housing of the distributor. The distributor and the feeding roller are configured from low to high position. The middle section of the feeding roller corresponds to the feeding inlet below the front end of the threshing and separating device. A grain elevator is vertically set on the side of the rear section of the cleaning screen. The outlet of the grain conveyor is connected to the inlet of the grain elevator. The conveying auger is set at the outlet of the grain elevator and extends into the grain box. The pneumatic impurity removal device is set above the rear section of the cleaning screen. The pneumatic impurity removal device is equipped with a suction-type high-pressure blower. The lower inlet end of the axial suction pipe of the suction-type high-pressure blower is covered on the screen surface of the rear section of the cleaning screen.

[0005] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pickup includes a frame, spring teeth, guide rods, toothed rods, cam disks, and contour wheels. Two cam disks are symmetrically arranged on the frame. The toothed rods have an oval cross-section. The two ends of the eight toothed rods are sequentially arranged on the two cam disks. In the radial cross-section, each toothed rod is provided with a spring tooth to form a radial spring tooth group. The radial spring tooth groups are arranged at equal intervals along the lateral direction on the eight toothed rods. The guide rod body is C-shaped. The upper end of the C-shaped body of the guide rod extends backward into a straight rod section. The guide rod wraps around the outside of the eight toothed rods from front to back, and a guide rod is provided between each of the two adjacent radial spring tooth groups. The straight rod section of the guide rod forms the upper conveying surface of the pickup. Two contour wheels are symmetrically arranged on the support arms on the outside of the frame.

[0006] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the distributor is composed of a shaft tube and blades. The blades are in the shape of a planar plate with three arc claws. The blades are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction on the shaft tube, and the three arc claws of the blades are arranged in a spiral.

[0007] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the feed roller is composed of a shaft cylinder, a right-hand spiral auger, a feeder, and a left-hand spiral auger. The shaft cylinder is cylindrical, the right-hand spiral auger is helical and is wound around the left end of the shaft cylinder, the left-hand spiral auger is helical and is wound around the right end of the shaft cylinder, and the feeder is located between the right-hand and left-hand spiral augers, with two feeders evenly distributed along the radial direction of the shaft cylinder.

[0008] When using a kidney bean harvester, follow these steps: Step 1: Before operation, test run the tractor. Connect the traction frame to the tractor's rear axle traction plate, connect the transmission system to the tractor's rear power take-off shaft, and start the tractor's rear power take-off shaft to drive the bean picking and harvesting machine for test run. The second step is to adjust the field operation. Drive the tractor to pull the green bean picking and harvesting machine forward, always keeping the picking device facing the direction of the green bean vines. Control the field picking and harvesting speed to 5-6 km / h, and ensure that all components reach the working parameters. The third step involves picking up and separating the soil from the bean plants. The grounding height of the contour wheel is adjusted so that the spring teeth of the picker touch the ground, lift the bean plants, and push them backward. During the picking and lifting process, the soil adhering to the roots of the plants is separated and continuously separated by the soil-distributing roller. Step 4: The kidney bean plants are fed in evenly. The blades of the distributor evenly distribute the kidney beans in a horizontal direction and feed the kidney bean plants into the threshing and separating device by the feeding roller. Step 5: Threshing, Separation and Cleaning. The threshing and separating device threshes the continuously fed kidney bean plants, separating the kidney bean seeds from the plants. The remaining kidney bean seeds containing impurities are screened by a cleaning sieve and collected in a grain bin. The impurities are sucked in by a wind-powered impurity removal device and discharged outside the machine to fall back into the field. The operating parameters of the threshing and separating device, the cleaning sieve, and the wind-powered impurity removal device are adjusted according to the seed loss, seed breakage, and seed impurity content.

[0009] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention features a picker equipped with a guide rod. The upper end of the C-shaped body of the guide rod extends backward into a straight section. The guide rod wraps around the outside of the eight toothed rods from front to back, and a guide rod is respectively set between two adjacent radial spring tooth groups. The straight section of the guide rod forms the upper conveying surface of the picker. The spring teeth of the picker rotate along the cam plate with the toothed rods, lifting the strips of green bean seedlings laid out to dry on the ground upward and pushing them backward. During the picking and lifting process, the spring teeth separate the soil adhering to the roots of the seedlings and quickly separate them from the green bean seedlings through the gaps between the guide rods and fall to the ground. During the feeding process of the soil-distributing roller, the green bean seedlings are also shaken, and the separated soil is brought to the ground. The uniform distributor is used to horizontally homogenize the green bean material flow, and the feeding roller gathers the green bean seedlings in the middle and feeds them into the threshing and separating device, resulting in a uniform and stable green bean material flow without soil, which facilitates efficient threshing, separation and cleaning, and reduces harvest loss by more than 3%. 2. By obtaining uniform and stable green beans without soil as the material, the threshing and separation process results in soil-free threshing material, which improves the efficiency of green bean cleaning and screening. The cleaned seeds have very little mud on them. In addition, by setting up a wind-powered impurity removal device above the rear section of the cleaning screen, the impurity content is further reduced, resulting in ideal harvest quality. 3. By obtaining uniform and stable green beans without soil as material, the green bean output is kept evenly distributed during the conveying, threshing, and cleaning processes. This also prevents clogging in the threshing device and on the screen, reducing the number of malfunctions and improving operational reliability. Attached Figure Description

[0010] Figure 1 This is a front view of the structure of a mixed bean picking and harvesting machine according to the present invention; Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Top view; Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The right view; Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A sectional view along line AA. Figure 5 yes Figure 4 Sectional view along line BB; Figure 6 yes Figure 4 A cross-sectional view along the CC line; Figure 7 yes Figure 4 A sectional view along the DD line; Figure 8 yes Figure 4 A magnified view of part I; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the uniform distributor structure of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the distributor of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the feed roller structure of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the feed roller of the present invention.

[0011] In the diagram: 1. Frame; 2. Traveling wheel; 3. Traction frame; 4. Transmission system; 5. Contouring wheel; 6. Pickup device; 7. Distributor; 8. Feed roller; 9. Threshing and separating device; 10. Cleaning screen; 11. Pneumatic impurity removal device; 12. Grain conveyor; 13. Grain elevator; 14. Conveying auger; 15. Grain bin; 16. Shaft tube; 17. Blade; 18. Shaft cylinder; 19. Right-hand auger; 20. Distributor; 21. Left-hand auger; 22. Soil separating roller; 23. Spring tooth; 24. Guide rod; 25. Tooth rod. Detailed Implementation

[0012] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments: like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 6 , Figure 7 The diagram shows a preferred embodiment of the bean picking and harvesting machine of the present invention, which includes a frame 1 and two traveling wheels 2, a traction frame 3, a transmission system 4, a threshing and separating device 9, a cleaning screen 10, a grain conveyor 12, a grain elevator 13, a conveying auger 14, a grain bin 15, and a picker 6 arranged horizontally below the front end of the frame 1. The cleaning screen 10 is located below the threshing and separating device 9, the grain conveyor 12 is located below the rear section of the cleaning screen 10, and the grain bin 15 is located above the threshing and separating device 9. It also includes a soil-distributing roller 22, a distributor 7, a feed roller 8, and a pneumatic impurity removal device 11. Between the pickup 6 and the threshing and separating device 9, the soil-distributing roller 22, distributor 7, and feed roller 8 are arranged transversely from front to back. The soil-distributing roller 22 is a smooth cylindrical shape and is located at the rear end of the conveying surface on the pickup 6. The soil-distributing roller 22 is connected to the front end of the lower housing of the distributor 7. The distributor 7 and feed roller 8 are configured from low to high. The middle section of the feed roller 8 is connected to the front of the threshing and separating device 9. Corresponding to the feed inlet at the bottom, a grain elevator 13 is vertically installed on the side of the rear section of the cleaning screen 10. The outlet of the grain conveyor 12 is connected to the inlet of the grain elevator 13. The conveying auger 14 is installed at the outlet of the grain elevator 13 and extends into the grain bin 15. The wind-powered impurity removal device 11 is installed above the rear section of the cleaning screen 10. The wind-powered impurity removal device 11 is equipped with a suction-type high-pressure blower. The lower inlet end of the axial suction pipe of the suction-type high-pressure blower is covered on the screen surface of the rear section of the cleaning screen 10.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 4 , Figure 8 As shown, the pickup 6 includes a frame, spring teeth 23, guide rods 24, toothed rods 25, cam discs, and contour wheels 5. Two cam discs are symmetrically arranged on the frame. The toothed rods 25 have an oval cross-section. The two ends of the eight toothed rods 25 are arranged sequentially on the two cam discs. In the radial cross-section, each toothed rod 25 is provided with a spring tooth 23 to form a radial spring tooth 23 group. The radial spring tooth 23 groups are arranged at equal intervals along the lateral direction on the eight toothed rods 25. The guide rod 24 has a C-shaped body. The upper end of the C-shaped body of the guide rod 24 extends backward into a straight rod section. The guide rod 24 wraps around the outside of the eight toothed rods 25 from front to back. A guide rod 24 is arranged between each of the two adjacent radial spring tooth 23 groups. The straight rod section of the guide rod 24 forms the upper conveying surface of the pickup 6. The two contour wheels 5 are symmetrically arranged on the support arms on the outside of the frame.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as 1, Figure 4 , Figure 5 , Figure 9 , Figure 10As shown, the distributor 7 consists of a shaft tube 16 and blades 17. The blades 17 are in the shape of a planar plate with three arc claws. The blades 17 are evenly spaced along the axial direction on the shaft tube 16, and the three arc claws of the blades 17 are arranged in a spiral.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as 1, Figure 4 , Figure 6 , Figure 11 , Figure 12 As shown, the feed roller 8 consists of a shaft cylinder 18, a right-hand spiral auger 19, a feeder 20, and a left-hand spiral auger 21. The shaft cylinder 18 is cylindrical, the right-hand spiral auger 19 is spiral plate shaped and is wound around the left end of the shaft cylinder 18, and the left-hand spiral auger 21 is spiral plate shaped and is wound around the right end of the shaft cylinder 18. The feeder 20 is located between the right-hand spiral auger 19 and the left-hand spiral auger 21, and two feeders 20 are evenly distributed along the radial direction of the shaft cylinder 18.

[0016] The present invention also discloses a method for using the aforementioned kidney bean picking and harvesting machine as follows: Step 1: Test run before operation. Connect the traction frame 3 to the tractor's rear axle traction plate, connect the transmission system 4 to the tractor's rear power take-off shaft, and start the tractor's rear power take-off shaft to drive the bean picking and harvesting machine for test run. The second step is to adjust the field operation. Drive the tractor to pull the green bean picking and harvesting machine forward, always keeping the picking device 6 facing the direction of the green bean vines. Control the field picking and harvesting speed to 5-6 km / h, and ensure that all components reach the working parameters. The third step is to pick up and separate the soil from the bean plants. Adjust the grounding height of the contour wheel 5 so that the spring teeth 23 of the picker 6 can pick up the bean plants and push them backward. During the picking and pushing process, the soil adhering to the roots of the plants is separated and continuously separated by throwing the soil backward through the soil separating roller 22. Step 4: The kidney bean plants are fed in evenly. The blades 17 of the distributor 7 will make the kidney beans flow horizontally uniform, and the kidney bean plants will be gathered in the middle and fed into the threshing and separating device 9 by the feeding roller 8. Step 5: Threshing, separation and cleaning. The threshing and separation device 9 threshes the continuously fed kidney bean plants, separating the kidney bean seeds from the plants. The remaining kidney bean seeds are screened by the cleaning screen 10 and collected into the grain bin 15. The remaining seeds are sucked in by the wind-powered impurity removal device 11 and discharged outside the machine to fall back into the field. The working parameters of the threshing and separation device 9, the cleaning screen 10 and the wind-powered impurity removal device 11 are adjusted according to the seed loss, seed breakage and impurity content.

[0017] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several improvements and substitutions without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and substitutions are all considered to be within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0018] This invention is applicable to the picking and harvesting of kidney beans.

Claims

1. A kidney bean picking and harvesting machine, comprising a frame (1) and two traveling wheels (2) mounted on the frame (1), a traction frame (3), a transmission system (4), a threshing and separating device (9), a cleaning screen (10), a grain conveyor (12), a grain elevator (13), a conveying auger (14), a grain bin (15), and a picker (6) arranged laterally below the front end of the frame (1), wherein the cleaning screen (10) is located below the threshing and separating device (9), the grain conveyor (12) is located below the rear section of the cleaning screen (10), and the grain bin (15) is located above the threshing and separating device (9), characterized in that: It also includes a soil separating roller (22), a distributor (7), a feed roller (8), and a wind-powered impurity removal device (11). Between the pickup (6) and the threshing and separating device (9), the soil separating roller (22), the distributor (7), and the feed roller (8) are arranged in a transverse order from front to back. The soil separating roller (22) is a smooth cylindrical shape. The soil separating roller (22) is located at the rear end of the conveying surface on the pickup (6), and the soil separating roller (22) is connected to the front end of the lower shell of the distributor (7). The distributor (7) and the feed roller (8) are arranged from low to high position. The middle section of the feed roller (8) is connected to the threshing and separating device. The feed inlet is located at the lower front end of the device (9). A grain elevator (13) is vertically installed on the side of the rear section of the cleaning screen (10). The outlet of the grain conveyor (12) is connected to the inlet of the grain elevator (13). A conveying auger (14) is installed at the outlet of the grain elevator (13). The conveying auger (14) extends into the grain bin (15). A pneumatic impurity removal device (11) is installed above the rear section of the cleaning screen (10). The pneumatic impurity removal device (11) is equipped with a suction-type high-pressure blower. The lower inlet end of the axial suction pipe of the suction-type high-pressure blower is covered on the screen surface of the rear section of the cleaning screen (10).

2. The kidney bean picking and harvesting machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pickup (6) includes a frame, spring teeth (23), guide rods (24), racks (25), cam disks, and contour wheels (5). Two cam disks are symmetrically arranged on the frame. The racks (25) have an oval cross-section. The two ends of the eight racks (25) are arranged sequentially on the two cam disks. In the radial cross-section, each rack (25) is provided with a spring tooth (23) to form a radial spring tooth (23) group. The radial spring tooth (23) groups are arranged at equal intervals along the lateral direction on the eight racks. On the root toothed rod (25), the guide rod (24) body is C-shaped. The upper end of the C-shaped body of the guide rod (24) extends backward into a straight rod section. The guide rod (24) wraps around the outside of the eight toothed rods (25) from front to back. A guide rod (24) is set between the two adjacent radial spring teeth (23) groups. The straight rod section of the guide rod (24) constitutes the conveying surface on the pickup (6). Two contoured wheels (5) are symmetrically set on the support arm on the outside of the frame.

3. A kidney bean picking and harvesting machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The distributor (7) consists of a shaft tube (16) and blades (17). The blades (17) are in the shape of a three-arc claw on a flat plate. The blades (17) are arranged at equal intervals along the axial direction on the shaft tube (16), and the three-arc claws of the blades (17) are arranged in a spiral.

4. A kidney bean picking and harvesting machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The feed roller (8) consists of a shaft cylinder (18), a right-hand spiral auger (19), a feeder (20), and a left-hand spiral auger (21). The shaft cylinder (18) is cylindrical, the right-hand spiral auger (19) is spiral plate shaped, and the right-hand spiral auger (19) is wound around the left end of the shaft cylinder (18). The left-hand spiral auger (21) is spiral plate shaped, and the left-hand spiral auger (21) is wound around the right end of the shaft cylinder (18). The feeder (20) is located between the right-hand spiral auger (19) and the left-hand spiral auger (21), and two feeders (20) are evenly distributed along the radial direction of the shaft cylinder (18).

5. A method of using a kidney bean picking and harvesting machine, characterized in that: The kidney bean harvester used is the kidney bean harvester as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, and includes the following steps: Step 1: Before operation, test run the traction frame (3) and the tractor rear axle traction plate. Connect the transmission system (4) to the tractor rear power output shaft. Start the tractor rear power output shaft to drive the bean picking and harvesting machine for test run. The second step is to adjust the field operation. Drive the tractor to pull the bean picking and harvesting machine forward. Always keep the picking device (6) facing the direction of the bean seedlings. Control the field picking and harvesting speed to 5-6 km / h and ensure that each component reaches the working parameters. The third step is to pick up and separate the soil from the bean plants. Adjust the grounding height of the contour wheel (5) so that the spring teeth (23) of the picker (6) are close to the ground, pick up the bean plants and push them backward. During the picking and pushing process, the soil adhering to the roots of the plants is separated and continuously separated by throwing the soil backward through the soil separating roller (22). Step 4: The kidney bean plants are fed in evenly. The blades (17) of the distributor (7) make the kidney beans flow horizontally evenly, and the kidney bean plants are gathered in the middle and fed into the threshing and separating device (9) by the feeding roller (8). Step 5: Threshing, separation and cleaning. The threshing and separation device (9) threshes the continuously fed kidney bean plants, separating the kidney bean seeds from the plants. The kidney bean seeds containing impurities are screened by the cleaning screen (10) and collected into the grain bin (15). The impurities are sucked in by the wind-powered impurity removal device (11) and discharged outside the machine to fall back into the field. The working parameters of the threshing and separation device (9), the cleaning screen (10) and the wind-powered impurity removal device (11) are adjusted according to the loss of seeds, breakage of seeds and impurity content of seeds.

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