Intelligent cotton picking and harvesting equipment and method

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of cotton picking, and particularly relates to intelligent cotton picking and harvesting equipment and method. Comprising a fixed column; a cotton picking mechanism is arranged on the fixed column; the cotton picking mechanism comprises a power rotary drum which is arranged on the fixing column in a sleeving mode. The power drum and the fixed column are coaxial in circle center and are in running fit; the seat tube is mounted on the outer wall of the power rotary drum; the seat tubes are annularly and equidistantly arranged around the circle center of the power rotary drum; the positioning groove penetrates through one side, away from the outer wall of the power drum, of the seat tube; the plurality of positioning grooves are vertically arranged at equal intervals; the penetrating groove is formed in the outer wall of the power rotary drum and extends to the inner wall of the power rotary drum; the number and the positions of the through grooves are in one-to-one correspondence with those of the positioning grooves; a hollow joint; the picking spindles and the hollow connectors can be assembled and disassembled conveniently, a large number of hollow connectors and picking spindles do not need to be screwed or disassembled one by one, time consumed by replacement or maintenance of the picking spindles is remarkably shortened, the use limitation of equipment is reduced, and the overall picking efficiency of the equipment is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of cotton harvesting technology, specifically a smart cotton harvesting equipment and method. Background Technology

[0002] Intelligent cotton harvesting equipment is a modern agricultural machine used for cotton harvesting. It features automation and intelligence, effectively improving harvesting efficiency and reducing labor costs. The core execution unit of this equipment is the harvesting system, whose key components include the picking spindle assembly for cotton harvesting. The picking spindles in the assembly directly grasp the cotton fibers. Because the picking spindles are in direct contact with the cotton fibers, they are prone to severe wear and tear with long-term use, requiring frequent replacement or maintenance. However, the existing equipment's picking spindle installation structure usually adopts a threaded connection of "picking spindle-connector-seat tube," that is, the picking spindle is fixed by the threaded engagement of the connector and the picking spindle seat tube. This structure makes the picking spindle loading and unloading operations cumbersome. Moreover, because the equipment is equipped with a large number of picking spindles, the method of screwing / disassembling each one will significantly prolong the time spent on picking spindle replacement or maintenance, which limits the use of the equipment and reduces the overall harvesting efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In view of the above situation and to overcome the defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a cotton intelligent picking and harvesting device and method, which effectively solves the problems in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a cotton intelligent picking and harvesting device, comprising a fixed column; a cotton picking mechanism is provided on the fixed column; the cotton picking mechanism includes a power rotating drum, which is sleeved on the fixed column; the centers of the power rotating drum and the fixed column are coaxial, and the two rotate in coordination; Seat tubes are installed on the outer wall of the power drum; several seat tubes are arranged in a ring at equal intervals around the center of the power drum; The positioning groove is installed through the seat tube on the side away from the outer wall of the power drum; several positioning grooves are arranged vertically at equal intervals; Through slots are provided on the outer wall of the power drum and extend to its inner wall; the number and position of the through slots correspond one-to-one with the positioning slots. A hollow connector is fitted into a positioning groove, with the two slidingly engaged; a spindle is fitted into the hollow connector, with the two slidingly engaged. A locking assembly is provided on the hollow joint; the locking assembly is used to fix the spindle to the hollow joint; the locking assembly includes a rotating ring, which is sleeved on the spindle, and the two are rotatably engaged; the spindle and the rotating ring are coaxial in center and have the same outer diameter. A pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit is disposed on the seat tube; the pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit is used to pre-position the installation position of the hollow joint; the pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit includes a first base, which is installed on the side of the seat tube; A relative positioning device is disposed on the seat tube; the relative positioning device is used to fix the hollow joint on the seat tube to ensure stable spindle removal operation; the relative positioning device includes a retaining toothed ring, which is installed on the outer wall of the fixing column; the centers of the fixing column and the retaining toothed ring are coaxial.

[0005] Preferably, it includes a guide tube mounted on the first base; the opening of the guide tube is located away from the power rotating drum. A limiting ring is installed on the outer wall of the hollow joint, and the two are coaxial; guide posts are installed on both sides of the limiting ring; the opening of the guide tube is located at the moving path of the guide post, and the two fit together. A guide spring is installed inside the guide tube; one end of the guide spring is fixedly connected to the guide tube, and the other end is located on the moving path of the guide post; the guide post and the guide tube are slidably fitted together. The locking groove is located on the side of the guide post away from the seat tube.

[0006] Preferably, the system includes a locking base plate mounted on the side of the first base away from the seat tube; a through locking slide post is provided on the side of the locking base plate near the guide tube; the locking slide post and the locking base plate are slidably engaged; a locking wedge is mounted on the end point of the locking slide post; the locking wedge is through the side of the guide tube away from the locking groove; a portion of the inclined surface of the locking wedge is located inside the guide tube; the inclined surface of the locking wedge is located on the moving path of the guide post near the end of the power rotating cylinder; the locking groove and the locking wedge are matched. A locking spring is sleeved on a locking slide post; one end of the locking spring is fixedly connected to a locking wedge block, and the other end is fixedly connected to a locking base plate.

[0007] Preferably, one end of the hollow connector is located on the side of the seat tube away from the power rotating cylinder, and the other end is located inside the power rotating cylinder after passing through the positioning groove and the through groove; several large bevel teeth are installed on the outer wall of the fixed column; the number and distribution position of the large bevel teeth correspond one-to-one with the positioning groove on one of the seat tubes; a small bevel tooth is installed on one end of the spindle; when the spindle is connected to the hollow connector and the hollow connector is installed on the seat tube, the small bevel teeth mesh with the large bevel teeth; the end of the spindle away from the small bevel teeth is the working end, located on the side of the seat tube away from the fixed column.

[0008] Preferably, it includes a retaining gear, which is mounted on the top of the seat tube; the retaining gear ring is located on the moving path of the retaining gear, and the two are meshed together; Rotating gear, mounted on stationary gear; The second base is connected to both sides of the base tube; the two second bases are arranged symmetrically. A movable sliding column is connected through the second base, and the two are slidably engaged; a movable rack is installed on the movable sliding column; the movable rack is meshed with a rotating gear; the two movable racks are located on both sides of the rotating gear.

[0009] Preferably, it includes two bent connecting rods, which are respectively installed at the ends of two movable racks away from the rotating gear; an extension plate is installed on the bent connecting rod; the two extension plates are located on both sides of the hollow joint; A retaining base block is installed on the extension plate; the retaining base block is located on the side of the hollow joint; the number and position of several retaining base blocks on each extension plate are matched with the hollow joint on the corresponding seat tube.

[0010] Preferably, the retaining base block has a through retaining cylinder on the side near the hollow joint; the retaining cylinder and the retaining base block are slidably fitted; a retaining clamp is installed at one end of the retaining cylinder near the hollow joint; a rubber buffer pad is installed on the inner wall of the retaining clamp; the side wall of the hollow joint is located on the moving path of the rubber buffer pad; a retaining spring is sleeved on the retaining cylinder; one end of the retaining spring is fixedly connected to the retaining clamp, and the other end is fixedly connected to the retaining base block.

[0011] Preferably, it includes a mounting slot disposed on the outer wall of the rotating ring; An assembly groove is provided on the outer wall of the hollow joint and extends to its inner wall; An assembly pin is fitted into an assembly groove, and the two slide together; one end of the assembly pin passes through the assembly groove and connects to the assembly slot; an assembly limiting plate is installed at the other end of the assembly pin. An assembly spring is fitted onto the assembly insert; one end of the assembly spring is fixedly connected to the assembly limiting plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hollow joint.

[0012] Preferably, the positioning rack is provided with a repeating pressure module; the repeating pressure module includes a pressure groove, which is located on the side of the positioning rack away from the rotating gear; The pressing slider is fitted into the pressing groove, and the two slide together; the pressing slider is equipped with gear teeth; the gear teeth are located on the moving path of the rotating gear, and the two mesh together. A compression spring is located inside a compression groove; one end of the compression spring is fixedly connected to the compression groove, and the other end is fixedly connected to the compression slider.

[0013] This invention also provides a smart cotton harvesting method, comprising the following steps: S1. Operate the cotton picking mechanism so that the picking spindle revolves around the power drum and rotates on its own axis. The picking spindle tears the cotton bales through the friction generated by its rotation, and the cotton is wrapped around the picking spindle to achieve picking. S2. Use locking assembly components to quickly assemble the ingot removal assembly into the hollow joint to avoid unstable dislocation during the ingot removal operation. S3. The hollow joint is firmly clamped onto the seat tube by the relative positioning device to counteract the reaction force generated by pulling the cotton during the picking of the spindle, so as to prevent the hollow joint from loosening. S4. The pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit is used for positioning during the installation of hollow joints to prevent the installation position from deviating from the preset requirements and to ensure normal spindle removal.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) When the hollow joint is pulled outward to release the installation, the right-angled surface of the locking groove on the guide column contacts the right-angled surface of the locking block, preventing it from generating lateral thrust. This confines the guide column within the guide tube, and the locking block can only be manually pulled outward to release the limit setting on the hollow joint after installation. This prevents it from dislodging due to non-human factors after installation, improving the installation effect of the hollow joint and enhancing the performance of the spindle. When the equipment needs to install the hollow joint and its spindle together on the power drum, it can be automatically installed by simply inserting the hollow joint into the positioning groove and through groove with one hand, without the need for manual pulling. The equipment requires no manual intervention and no tools, reducing its limitations. The installation of multiple hollow connectors is quick and easy, avoiding time-consuming and laborious processes and reducing the overall time required to install several hollow connectors onto the power drum, thus improving the equipment's cotton-picking efficiency. Furthermore, the equipment allows for convenient and quick loading and unloading of spindles and hollow connectors, eliminating the need for individual screwing / unscrewing of numerous hollow connectors and spindles. This significantly shortens the time required for spindle replacement or maintenance and reduces the installation time of the connected hollow connectors on the power drum, thereby reducing equipment limitations and improving overall picking efficiency and effectiveness. (2) When it is necessary to install the spindle, insert it into the hollow joint and let the spindle slide within the hollow joint until the assembly slot on the outer wall of the rotating ring on the hollow joint is aligned with the assembly groove. Then, release the assembly limiting plate so that the assembly spring is no longer in the buffer state. When it resets, it drives the assembly insert to reset and move, so that it passes through the assembly groove and enters the assembly slot, thereby limiting the spindle within the hollow joint and completing the installation operation of the spindle. This avoids the spindle from dislodging during use and does not affect the rotation of the spindle within the hollow joint. The spindle is limited to rotating within the hollow joint by the rotating ring for picking cotton, reducing the limitations of the equipment. At the same time, it is convenient to replace or maintain the spindle. The installation and disassembly of the spindle can be completed without the aid of any tools, saving the time of loading and unloading the spindle and improving the cotton picking efficiency of the equipment. (3) After the moving rack moves to the end of its stroke and is limited by the second base and cannot move further, the rotating gear continues to rotate. Its tooth groove will mesh with the gear teeth on the pressing slider. The rotating gear applies a thrust to the gear teeth, pushing the pressing slider to slide along the pressing groove on the moving rack and compressing the pressing spring. When one tooth groove of the rotating gear disengages from the gear teeth, the pressing spring pushes the pressing slider to slide in the opposite direction under the action of the reset force, so that the gear teeth are reset to the meshing position corresponding to the next tooth groove of the rotating gear. This process is repeated as the rotating gear continues to rotate. The gear teeth always remain meshed with the rotating gear, which not only restricts the moving rack to the current position and prevents the fixed clamping block from dislodging due to non-human factors when clamping the hollow joint, but also prevents the moving rack from resetting through continuous meshing thrust, ensuring that the force of clamping the hollow joint continues to exist, further improving the installation and fixing effect, and simultaneously enhancing the stability and operation effect of the spindle removal on the hollow joint, ultimately ensuring the cotton picking quality of the equipment. (4) When the power drum drives the seat tube to revolve, the small umbrella teeth roll along the large umbrella teeth, driving the picker spindle to rotate synchronously; the working end of the picker spindle tears the cotton bale through the friction generated by the rotation, wrapping the cotton around the picker spindle to achieve picking; by operating the locking assembly component, the picker spindle can be quickly assembled into the hollow joint, avoiding the picker spindle from being dislodged due to instability during operation, ensuring the cotton picking effect; at the same time, it is convenient to replace worn picker spindles, shorten loading and unloading time, and improve the working efficiency of the equipment; the relative positioning device can firmly clamp the hollow joint onto the seat tube, offsetting the reaction force generated by the picker spindle pulling the cotton during picking, preventing the hollow joint from being dislodged or loosened, further reducing the limitations of the picker spindle in use; the pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit can be positioned when the hollow joint is installed, avoiding the installation position from deviating from the preset requirements, ensuring the normal operation of the picker spindle, and improving the picking efficiency of the equipment; (5) The relative movement of the two retaining blocks clamps the hollow joint, preventing the hollow joint from becoming unstable and dislodged due to the force exerted on the spindle during use. This improves the stability of the hollow joint and enhances the cotton picking effect of the spindle. Simultaneously, the rubber buffer pad increases the friction between the retaining blocks and the hollow joint, preventing displacement during clamping. The buffering force from the rubber buffer pad and retaining spring also reduces the impact force on the spindle during cotton picking, further improving the stability of the spindle, preventing impact damage, and extending its service life. This reduces the frequency of maintenance and replacement, further reducing the workload for operators. The workload is reduced, thus improving the installation effect of the hollow joint. It is worth mentioning that since the number of fixing blocks is set on the extension plate, it can move the same number of fixing blocks simultaneously when it moves. The number of fixing blocks corresponds to the number of spindles used when the equipment picks cotton, which allows the above operation to clamp several hollow joints on a seat tube at the same time. This reduces the limitations of the equipment and the time for installing hollow joints, thereby improving the cotton picking efficiency and effect of the equipment. Moreover, the fixing of the hollow joint is further carried out on the basis of the pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit, forming multiple safety redundancies for the installation reliability and use safety of the hollow joint, thereby improving the use effect of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0015] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.

[0016] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the fixed column structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the small bevel tooth structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the through-hole groove of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a front sectional view of the hollow joint of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the retaining toothed ring structure of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the ingot removal structure of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the extended plate structure of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the guide column structure of the present invention; Figure 10This is a cross-sectional view of the assembly groove of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional view of the pressure groove of the present invention; Figure 12 This is a front view of the positioning groove of the present invention; Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the guide tube structure of the present invention; Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram of the retaining clamp structure of the present invention; Figure 15 For the present invention Figure 9 A magnified view of the structure at point A in the middle; In the diagram: 1. Fixed column; 2. Power rotary drum; 3. Seat tube; 4. Positioning groove; 5. Through groove; 6. Hollow joint; 7. Spindle removal; 8. Rotating ring; 9. First base; 10. Retaining gear ring; 11. Guide square tube; 12. Limiting ring; 13. Guide square column; 14. Guide spring; 15. Locking inclined groove; 16. Locking base plate; 17. Locking slide column; 18. Locking inclined block; 19. Locking spring; 20. Large bevel gear; 21. Small bevel gear; 22. Retaining gear 23. Rotating gear; 24. Second base; 25. Positioning slide column; 26. Positioning rack; 27. Bending connecting rod; 28. Extension plate; 29. ​​Fixing base block; 30. Fixing cylinder; 31. Fixing clamp; 32. Rubber buffer pad; 33. Fixing spring; 34. Assembly slot; 35. Assembly slide groove; 36. Assembly insert; 37. Assembly limiting plate; 38. Assembly spring; 39. Pressing slide groove; 40. Pressing slider; 41. Gear tooth; 42. Pressing spring. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Implementation examples, by Figures 1 to 15The present invention includes a fixed column 1; a cotton picking mechanism is provided on the fixed column 1; the cotton picking mechanism includes a power rotating drum 2, which is sleeved on the fixed column 1; the centers of the power rotating drum 2 and the fixed column 1 are coaxial and rotate in cooperation; a seat tube 3 is installed on the outer wall of the power rotating drum 2; a plurality of seat tubes 3 are arranged in a ring at equal intervals around the center of the power rotating drum 2; a positioning groove 4 is provided through the seat tube 3 on the side away from the outer wall of the power rotating drum 2; a plurality of positioning grooves 4 are arranged vertically at equal intervals; a through groove 5 is provided on the outer wall of the power rotating drum 2 and extends to its inner wall; the number and position of the through grooves 5 correspond one-to-one with the positioning grooves 4; a hollow joint 6 is fitted into the positioning groove 4 and the two are slidably connected; a spindle picker 7 is fitted into the hollow joint 6 and the two are slidably connected; a locking assembly is provided on the hollow joint 6; the locking assembly is used to fix the spindle picker 7 to the hollow joint 6; A pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit is set on the seat tube 3; the pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit is used to pre-position the installation position of the hollow connector 6; a relative positioning device is set on the seat tube 3; the relative positioning device is used to fix the hollow connector 6 on the seat tube 3 to ensure the stable operation of the spindle removal 7; one end of the hollow connector 6 is located on the side of the seat tube 3 away from the power drum 2, and the other end is located inside the power drum 2 after passing through the positioning groove 4 and the through groove 5; several large bevel teeth 20 are installed on the outer wall of the fixing column 1; the number and distribution position of the large bevel teeth 20 correspond one-to-one with the positioning groove 4 on one of the seat tubes 3; a small bevel tooth 21 is installed on one end of the spindle removal 7; when the spindle removal 7 is connected to the hollow connector 6, and the hollow connector 6 is installed on the seat tube 3, the small bevel tooth 21 and the large bevel tooth 20 are engaged and connected; the end of the spindle removal 7 away from the small bevel tooth 21 is the working end, located on the side of the seat tube 3 away from the fixing column 1; The fixed column 1 is fixedly installed at the divider of the equipment. By starting the built-in drive source of the power drum 2, the power drum 2 rotates around the fixed column 1. The seat tube 3 is arranged in a ring on the outer wall of the power drum 2. The picking spindle 7 is positioned and installed on the seat tube 3 through the hollow joint 6, and the small umbrella tooth 21 at one end of the picking spindle 7 meshes with the large umbrella tooth 20 on the fixed column 1. When the power drum 2 drives the seat tube 3 to revolve, the small umbrella tooth 21 rolls along the large umbrella tooth 20, driving the picking spindle 7 to rotate synchronously. The working end of the picking spindle 7 tears the cotton bale through the friction generated by its rotation, wrapping the cotton around the picking spindle 7 to achieve picking. The assembly is locked by operation. The components allow for quick assembly of the picking spindle 7 into the hollow joint 6, preventing the picking spindle 7 from becoming unstable and dislodged during operation, thus ensuring cotton picking efficiency. They also facilitate the replacement of worn picking spindle 7, shortening loading and unloading time and improving equipment efficiency. The relative positioning device firmly clamps the hollow joint 6 onto the seat tube 3, counteracting the reaction force generated by the picking spindle 7 pulling cotton during picking, preventing the hollow joint 6 from dislodging or loosening, further reducing the limitations of the picking spindle 7's use. The pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit can position the hollow joint 6 during installation, preventing deviation from preset requirements, ensuring the normal operation of the picking spindle 7, and improving equipment picking efficiency.

[0019] The relative positioning device in this embodiment includes a retaining gear ring 10, installed on the outer wall of the fixed column 1; the fixed column 1 and the retaining gear ring 10 are coaxial; a retaining gear 22 is installed on the top of the seat tube 3; the retaining gear ring 10 is located on the moving path of the retaining gear 22, and the two are meshed; a rotating gear 23 is installed on the retaining gear 22; a second base 24 is connected to both sides of the seat tube 3; the two second bases 24 are symmetrically arranged; a positioning slide column 25 is connected through the second base 24, and the two are slidably engaged; a positioning rack 26 is installed on the positioning slide column 25; the positioning rack 26 is meshed with the rotating gear 23; the two positioning racks 26 are located on both sides of the rotating gear 23; two bent connecting rods 27 are respectively installed on the ends of the two positioning racks 26 away from the rotating gear 23; an extension rod is installed on the bent connecting rod 27. Long plate 28; two extended plates 28 are located on both sides of hollow joint 6; retaining base block 29 is installed on the extended plate 28; retaining base block 29 is located on the side of hollow joint 6; the number and position of several retaining base blocks 29 on each extended plate 28 match the hollow joint 6 on the corresponding seat tube 3; a through retaining cylinder 30 is provided on the side of retaining base block 29 near hollow joint 6; retaining cylinder 30 and retaining base block 29 are in sliding fit; a retaining clamp 31 is installed at one end of retaining cylinder 30 near hollow joint 6; a rubber buffer pad 32 is installed on the inner wall of retaining clamp 31; the side wall of hollow joint 6 is located on the moving path of rubber buffer pad 32; a retaining spring 33 is sleeved on retaining cylinder 30; one end of retaining spring 33 is fixedly connected to retaining clamp 31, and the other end is fixedly connected to retaining base block 29; When the hollow joint 6 is pre-installed on the seat tube 3 via the pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit, the rotation of the power drum 2 on the fixed column 1 causes the retaining gear 22 on the seat tube 3 of the power drum 2 to rotate around the retaining gear ring 10. The retaining gear 22 rotates, causing it to mesh with two moving racks 26 and move relative to each other. The moving racks 26 are limited to move at the second base 24 by the moving slide 25, causing the two bending connecting rods 27 to move relative to each other, thereby driving the two extension plates 28 on them to move synchronously closer to both sides of the hollow joint 6; causing the several retaining base blocks 29 on the extension plates 28 to move. The hollow connector 6 moves towards the corresponding hollow connector 6, causing the retaining cylinder 30 and retaining spring 33 to move the retaining clamp 31 closer to the side of the hollow connector 6 until the retaining clamp 31 contacts the side of the hollow connector 6. This relative movement of the two retaining clamps 31 clamps the hollow connector 6, preventing the hollow connector 6 from becoming unstable and dislodged due to the force exerted by the spindle 7 during use. This improves the stability of the hollow connector 6 and also enhances the cotton picking effect of the spindle 7. At the same time, the rubber buffer pad 32 further strengthens the connection between the retaining clamp 31 and the hollow connector 6. The frictional force of contact prevents displacement during clamping. The buffering force provided by the rubber buffer pad 32 and the retaining spring 33 also reduces the impact force on the spindle 7 during cotton picking on the clamped hollow joint 6, further improving the stability of the spindle 7, preventing impact damage, and extending its service life. This reduces the frequency of maintenance and replacement, further reducing the workload of operators; thus, the installation effect of the hollow joint 6 is also improved. It is worth mentioning that since the retaining base blocks 29 are arranged in several quantities on the extension plate 28, ... This allows the device to move synchronously with several fixed base blocks 29, the number of which corresponds to the number of spindles 7 used during cotton picking. This enables the device to simultaneously clamp several hollow joints 6 on a single tube 3, reducing the limitations of the device and the time required to install the hollow joints 6, thereby improving the cotton picking efficiency and effectiveness. Furthermore, the fixing of the hollow joints 6 is a further step based on the pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit, creating multiple safety redundancies for the installation reliability and safety of the hollow joints 6, thus improving the overall performance of the device.

[0020] The locking assembly assembly of this embodiment includes a rotating ring 8, which is sleeved on the pick 7, and the two are rotatably engaged; the pick 7 and the rotating ring 8 are coaxial in center and have the same outer diameter; an assembly slot 34 is disposed on the outer wall of the rotating ring 8; an assembly slide 35 is disposed on the outer wall of the hollow joint 6 and extends to its inner wall; an assembly pin 36 is fitted into the assembly slide 35, and the two are slidably engaged; one end of the assembly pin 36 passes through the assembly slide 35 and is connected to the assembly slot 34; an assembly limiting plate 37 is installed on the other end of the assembly pin 36; and an assembly spring 38 is sleeved on the assembly pin 36; one end of the assembly spring 38 is fixedly connected to the assembly limiting plate 37, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hollow joint 6. As the equipment is used continuously, the spindle 7 experiences severe wear due to prolonged contact with and pulling of the cotton, requiring regular replacement or maintenance. Pulling the assembly limiting plate 37 outwards causes the assembly insert 36 to move within the assembly slide 35, limiting the movement of the assembly spring 38 until it disengages from the assembly slot 34, thus releasing the limiting setting on the rotating ring 8. Then, by pulling the spindle 7 outwards, it moves within the hollow joint 6 until it is completely removed from the hollow joint 6, thus disassembling the spindle 7 onto the hollow joint 6. When installing the spindle 7, it is inserted into the hollow joint 6, allowing it to slide within the hollow joint 6 until the rotating ring 8 is fitted onto the hollow joint 6. After the assembly slot 34 on the wall is aligned with the assembly slide 35, the assembly limiting plate 37 is released, so that the assembly spring 38 is no longer in the buffer state. When it resets, it drives the assembly insert 36 to reset and move, so that it passes through the assembly slide 35 and enters the assembly slot 34, thereby limiting the spindle 7 in the hollow joint 6, completing the installation operation of the spindle 7, preventing the spindle 7 from dislodging during use, and at the same time not affecting the rotation of the spindle 7 in the hollow joint 6. The spindle 7 is limited to rotation in the hollow joint 6 by rotating the rotating ring 8 for picking cotton, reducing the limitations of the equipment's use; at the same time, it is convenient to replace or maintain the spindle 7, and the installation and disassembly of the spindle 7 can be completed without the aid of any tools, saving the time of loading and unloading the spindle 7 and improving the cotton picking efficiency of the equipment.

[0021] In this embodiment, a repeating pressure module is provided on the positioning rack 26; the repeating pressure module includes a pressure groove 39, which is located on the side of the positioning rack 26 away from the rotating gear 23; a pressure slider 40, which is fitted into the pressure groove 39 and the two slide in cooperation; a gear tooth 41 is installed on the pressure slider 40; the gear tooth 41 is located on the moving path of the rotating gear 23 and the two mesh in cooperation; a pressure spring 42 is located in the pressure groove 39; one end of the pressure spring 42 is fixedly connected to the pressure groove 39 and the other end is fixedly connected to the pressure slider 40; When the equipment is picking cotton, the power drum 2 rotates on the fixed column 1, which activates the relative positioning device. The rotating gear 23 initially meshes with the positioning rack 26, and the rotation of the rotating gear 23 drives the positioning rack 26 to move. When the positioning rack 26 moves to the end of its stroke and is limited by the second base 24 and cannot move further, the rotating gear 23 continues to rotate, and its tooth groove meshes with the gear tooth 41 on the pressing slider 40. The rotating gear 23 applies a thrust to the gear tooth 41, pushing the pressing slider 40 to slide along the pressing groove 39 on the positioning rack 26 and compressing the pressing spring 42. When one tooth groove of the rotating gear 23 disengages from the gear tooth 41, the pressing spring... Under the action of the reset force, the spring 42 pushes the pressing slider 40 to slide in the opposite direction, so that the gear tooth 41 is reset to the meshing position corresponding to the next tooth groove of the rotating gear 23. This process is repeated as the rotating gear 23 rotates continuously. The gear tooth 41 is always meshed with the rotating gear 23, which not only restricts the positioning rack 26 to the current position and prevents the fixed clamping block 31 from dislodging due to non-human factors when clamping the hollow joint 6, but also prevents the positioning rack 26 from resetting through continuous meshing thrust, ensuring that the force of clamping the hollow joint 6 continues to exist, further improving the installation and fixing effect, and simultaneously enhancing the stability and operation effect of the spindle 7 on the hollow joint 6, ultimately ensuring the cotton picking quality of the equipment.

[0022] The pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit of this embodiment includes a first base 9, installed on the side of the seat tube 3; a guide tube 11, installed on the first base 9; the opening of the guide tube 11 is located away from the power rotating cylinder 2; a limiting ring 12, installed on the outer wall of the hollow connector 6, with the two having coaxial centers; guide posts 13 are installed on both sides of the limiting ring 12; the opening of the guide tube 11 is located at the moving path of the guide posts 13, and the two fit together; a guide spring 14 is disposed inside the guide tube 11; one end of the guide spring 14 is fixedly connected to the guide tube 11, and the other end is located at the moving path of the guide posts 13; the guide posts 13 and the guide tube 11 are slidably engaged; a locking groove 15 is disposed on the side of the guide posts 13 away from the seat tube 3; and a locking base plate. 16, installed on the side of the first base 9 away from the seat tube 3; a through locking slide post 17 is provided on the side of the locking base plate 16 near the guide tube 11; the locking slide post 17 and the locking base plate 16 are slidably engaged; a locking wedge block 18 is installed on the end of the locking slide post 17; the locking wedge block 18 is through the side of the guide tube 11 away from the locking wedge groove 15; part of the inclined surface of the locking wedge block 18 is located inside the guide tube 11; the inclined surface of the locking wedge block 18 is located on the moving path of the guide post 13 near the end of the power rotating cylinder 2; the locking wedge groove 15 and the locking wedge block 18 are engaged; a locking spring 19 is sleeved on the locking slide post 17; one end of the locking spring 19 is fixedly connected to the locking wedge block 18, and the other end is fixedly connected to the locking base plate 16; After the spindle 7 is assembled into the hollow joint 6, it is installed onto the seat tube 3 of the power drum 2 using the pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit. The specific operation is as follows: Align the hollow joint 6 with the positioning groove 4 of the seat tube 3 and the through groove 5 of the power drum 2 and insert it, so that the small bevel tooth 21 at one end of the spindle 7 in the hollow joint 6 extends into the power drum 2 (for subsequent engagement with the large bevel tooth 20); when the limiting ring 12 on the hollow joint 6 is in contact with the side of the seat tube 3, the hollow joint 6 reaches the installation limit position and cannot move further; at this time, the guide square post 13 on the limiting ring 12 simultaneously enters the guide square tube 11 and continues to move, and its end contacts the inclined surface of the locking wedge 18 inside the guide square tube 11. A lateral thrust is applied, pushing the locking slide 17 to slide along the locking base plate 16, compressing the locking spring 19 to store energy. When the guide column 13 moves to its limit position within the guide tube 11, the locking groove 15 on the guide column 13 aligns perfectly with the locking block 18, releasing the lateral restraint of the guide column 13 on the locking block 18. The compressed locking spring 19 resets, causing the locking block 18 to engage in the locking groove 15, fixing the guide column 13 in its current position, completing the pre-installation of the hollow connector 6. When the installed hollow connector 6 is pulled outwards to remove the installation, the right-angled surface of the locking groove 15 on the guide column 13 aligns with the locking plate 18. The right-angle contact of the inclined block 18 prevents it from generating lateral thrust, thus confining the guide column 13 within the guide tube 11. Only by manually pulling the locking inclined block 18 outwards can the limiting setting on the installed hollow joint 6 be released, preventing dislocation due to non-human factors after installation. This improves the installation effect of the hollow joint 6 and the performance of its attached spindle 7. When the hollow joint 6 and its attached spindle 7 need to be installed together on the power drum 2, automatic installation can be completed by simply inserting the hollow joint 6 into the positioning groove 4 and through groove 5 with one hand, without manual intervention or tool assistance, reducing costs. This reduces the limitations of equipment use and makes the installation of several hollow connectors 6 convenient and quick, avoiding time-consuming and laborious operations. It also reduces the overall time required to install several hollow connectors 6 on the power drum 2, thereby improving the cotton harvesting efficiency of the equipment. It allows for convenient and quick loading and unloading of the spindle 7 and hollow connectors 6 during use, without the need for individual screwing / disassembly of a large number of hollow connectors 6 and spindle 7. This significantly shortens the time required for replacing or maintaining the spindle 7, and reduces the installation time of the hollow connectors 6 connected to it on the power drum 2, thereby reducing the limitations of equipment use and improving the overall harvesting efficiency and effect of the equipment.

[0023] This invention also provides a smart cotton harvesting method, comprising the following steps: S1. Operate the cotton picking mechanism so that the picking spindle 7 revolves around the power drum 2 and rotates on its own axis. The picking spindle 7 tears the cotton bales through the friction generated by its rotation, and the cotton is wrapped around the picking spindle 7 to achieve picking. S2. Use the locking assembly components to quickly assemble the spindle 7 into the hollow joint 6 to avoid unstable dislocation of the spindle 7 during the spindle removal operation. S3. The hollow joint 6 is firmly clamped onto the seat tube 3 by the relative positioning device to counteract the reaction force generated by the picking spindle 7 pulling the cotton when picking, so as to prevent the hollow joint 6 from loosening. S4. The pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit is used to position the hollow joint 6 during installation to prevent the installation position from deviating from the preset requirements and to ensure that the spindle removal 7 works normally.

[0024] It should be noted that, in this document, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

[0025] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A smart cotton harvesting device, comprising a fixed column; characterized in that: A cotton-picking mechanism is provided on the fixed column; the cotton-picking mechanism includes a power rotating drum, which is sleeved on the fixed column; the centers of the power rotating drum and the fixed column are coaxial, and the two rotate in coordination; Seat tubes are installed on the outer wall of the power drum; several seat tubes are arranged in a ring at equal intervals around the center of the power drum; The positioning groove is installed through the seat tube on the side away from the outer wall of the power drum; several positioning grooves are arranged vertically at equal intervals; Through slots are provided on the outer wall of the power drum and extend to its inner wall; the number and position of the through slots correspond one-to-one with the positioning slots. A hollow connector is fitted into a positioning groove, with the two slidingly engaged; a spindle is fitted into the hollow connector, with the two slidingly engaged. A locking assembly is provided on the hollow joint; the locking assembly is used to fix the spindle to the hollow joint; the locking assembly includes a rotating ring, which is sleeved on the spindle, and the two are rotatably engaged; the spindle and the rotating ring are coaxial in center and have the same outer diameter. A pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit is disposed on the seat tube; the pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit is used to pre-position the installation position of the hollow joint; the pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit includes a first base, which is installed on the side of the seat tube; A relative positioning device is disposed on the seat tube; the relative positioning device is used to fix the hollow joint on the seat tube to ensure stable spindle removal operation; the relative positioning device includes a retaining toothed ring, which is installed on the outer wall of the fixing column; the centers of the fixing column and the retaining toothed ring are coaxial.

2. The intelligent cotton harvesting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes a guide tube, installed on the first base; the opening of the guide tube is located away from the power rotating drum; A limiting ring is installed on the outer wall of the hollow joint, and the two are coaxial; guide posts are installed on both sides of the limiting ring; the opening of the guide tube is located at the moving path of the guide post, and the two fit together. A guide spring is installed inside the guide tube; one end of the guide spring is fixedly connected to the guide tube, and the other end is located on the moving path of the guide post; the guide post and the guide tube are slidably fitted together. The locking groove is located on the side of the guide post away from the seat tube.

3. The intelligent cotton harvesting equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: The system includes a locking base plate mounted on the side of the first base away from the seat tube; a through locking slide post is provided on the side of the locking base plate near the guide tube; the locking slide post and the locking base plate are slidably engaged; a locking wedge block is installed on the end point of the locking slide post; the locking wedge block is disposed through the side of the guide tube away from the locking wedge groove; a portion of the inclined surface of the locking wedge block is located inside the guide tube; the inclined surface of the locking wedge block is located on the moving path of the guide tube near the end of the power rotating cylinder; the locking wedge groove and the locking wedge block are fitted together. A locking spring is fitted onto the locking slide pin; One end of the locking spring is fixedly connected to the locking wedge block, and the other end is fixedly connected to the locking base plate.

4. The intelligent cotton harvesting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the hollow connector is located on the side of the seat tube away from the power rotating cylinder, and the other end is located inside the power rotating cylinder after passing through the positioning groove and the through groove; several large bevel teeth are installed on the outer wall of the fixed column; the number and distribution position of the large bevel teeth correspond one-to-one with the positioning groove on one of the seat tubes; a small bevel tooth is installed on one end of the spindle; when the spindle is connected to the hollow connector and the hollow connector is installed on the seat tube, the small bevel teeth mesh with the large bevel teeth; the end of the spindle away from the small bevel teeth is the working end, located on the side of the seat tube away from the fixed column.

5. The intelligent cotton harvesting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes a retaining gear, which is mounted on the top of the seat tube; and a retaining gear ring located on the moving path of the retaining gear, with the two meshing together. Rotating gear, mounted on stationary gear; The second base is connected to both sides of the base tube; the two second bases are arranged symmetrically. A movable sliding column is connected through the second base, and the two are slidably engaged; a movable rack is installed on the movable sliding column; the movable rack is meshed with a rotating gear; the two movable racks are located on both sides of the rotating gear.

6. The intelligent cotton harvesting equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: It includes two bent connecting rods, which are respectively installed on the ends of two movable racks away from the rotating gear; an extension plate is installed on the bent connecting rod; the two extension plates are located on both sides of the hollow joint; A retaining base block is installed on the extension plate; the retaining base block is located on the side of the hollow joint; the number and position of several retaining base blocks on each extension plate are matched with the hollow joint on the corresponding seat tube.

7. The intelligent cotton harvesting equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The retaining base block has a through retaining cylinder on the side near the hollow joint; the retaining cylinder and the retaining base block are in sliding fit; a retaining clamp is installed at one end of the retaining cylinder near the hollow joint; a rubber buffer pad is installed on the inner wall of the retaining clamp; the side wall of the hollow joint is located on the moving path of the rubber buffer pad; a retaining spring is sleeved on the retaining cylinder; one end of the retaining spring is fixedly connected to the retaining clamp, and the other end is fixedly connected to the retaining base block.

8. The intelligent cotton harvesting equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: Includes an assembly slot, located on the outer wall of the rotating ring; An assembly groove is provided on the outer wall of the hollow joint and extends to its inner wall; An assembly pin is fitted into an assembly groove, and the two slide together; one end of the assembly pin passes through the assembly groove and connects to the assembly slot; an assembly limiting plate is installed at the other end of the assembly pin. An assembly spring is fitted onto the assembly insert; one end of the assembly spring is fixedly connected to the assembly limiting plate, and the other end is fixedly connected to the outer wall of the hollow joint.

9. The intelligent cotton harvesting equipment according to claim 5, characterized in that: The positioning rack is provided with a repeating pressure module; the repeating pressure module includes a pressure groove, which is located on the side of the positioning rack away from the rotating gear. The pressing slider is fitted into the pressing groove, and the two slide together; the pressing slider is equipped with gear teeth; the gear teeth are located on the moving path of the rotating gear, and the two mesh together. A compression spring is located inside a compression groove; one end of the compression spring is fixedly connected to the compression groove, and the other end is fixedly connected to the compression slider.

10. A method for intelligent cotton harvesting, using the intelligent cotton harvesting equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Including the following steps: S1. Operate the cotton picking mechanism so that the picking spindle revolves around the power drum and rotates on its own axis. The picking spindle tears the cotton bales through the friction generated by its rotation, and the cotton is wrapped around the picking spindle to achieve picking. S2. Use locking assembly components to quickly assemble the ingot removal assembly into the hollow joint to avoid unstable dislocation during the ingot removal operation. S3. The hollow joint is firmly clamped onto the seat tube by the relative positioning device to counteract the reaction force generated by pulling the cotton during the picking of the spindle, so as to prevent the hollow joint from loosening. S4. The pre-installed snap-fit ​​unit is used for positioning during the installation of hollow joints to prevent the installation position from deviating from the preset requirements and to ensure normal spindle removal.

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