Rice planting method and field structure thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, and discloses a rice planting method and a field structure thereof. The field structure comprises ridges and a rice field body, and the rice field body is provided with a plurality of drainage ditches and rice planting grooves used for planting rice. The rice planting groove comprises a groove wall, a planting groove shoulder part and a planting groove bottom surface for planting rice; the bottom surfaces of the planting grooves are lower than the field surface; the depth of the drainage ditch is larger than that of the rice planting groove, and the drainage ditch is communicated with the rice planting groove. Rice is planted in the field structure, and the problems of lodging, shallow root systems, fertilizer loss, soil oxygen deficit and the like in rice cultivation are systematically solved by constructing a three-dimensional planting space with deep ditches, low grooves and high shoulders and combining technologies such as a micro-groove induction mechanism and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of rice cultivation technology, specifically to a rice cultivation method and its field structure. Background Technology

[0002] Rice is one of my country's major food crops. Current rice cultivation techniques have significant shortcomings, primarily manifested in a high risk of lodging and unstable yields. Studies have shown that rice has a shallow root system and long, less robust basal internodes, resulting in weak lodging resistance. Once lodging occurs, it not only disrupts the canopy structure and leads to a sharp reduction in photosynthetic rate, but also triggers diseases and panicle sprouting, severely impacting rice quality and yield, and making mechanical harvesting difficult.

[0003] To address the challenges of irrigation, aeration, and precise nutrient delivery in rice cultivation, various ridge, furrow, and ridge-support cultivation models have emerged in existing technologies. Most current ridge cultivation techniques, whether in dryland or paddy fields, employ planting on ridges and irrigation in furrows. For example, existing technologies disclose a rice cultivation method in cold-region rice-growing areas, planting rice on ridges and utilizing furrows for irrigation and drainage; another method involves directing sprouted rice onto the ridge surface; and yet another method for three-free rice cultivation involves transplanting rice onto the ridge tops and sides after ridging in the field.

[0004] However, the existing technologies still have some drawbacks: 1. The risk of lodging is not eliminated: Although ridge cultivation can improve ventilation, planting rice on higher ridges actually raises the relative center of gravity of the plants. If the roots are not deep, they are more prone to root collapse or stem breakage in strong winds. 2. Low water and fertilizer utilization: In the current semi-dry ridge cultivation technology, the rice roots are mainly concentrated at the top of the ridge, while the effective nutrients of the applied fertilizer are easily leached and deposited at the bottom of the furrows, which are far from the roots, making it difficult for the roots to absorb nutrients and restricting the seedlings from turning green and tillering. 3. Soil compaction and oxygen deficiency: Traditional flooding methods easily lead to soil compaction and poor aeration. Moreover, the long-term flooded environment makes the soil in a strongly reducing state, accumulating harmful reducing substances and inhibiting root growth. 3. Insufficient fertilization methods: Traditional rice fertilization often involves surface application, which not only easily leads to fertilizer loss through runoff and severe volatilization, resulting in low utilization, but also easily induces root growth towards the surface (floating roots), further exacerbating the risk of lodging, and makes it difficult to solve the problem of deep soil aeration and oxygen supply. 4. Monotony of existing field structures: Existing paddy field structures mostly focus on flatness or simple ditch systems (such as deep ditches used for fish farming), lacking a comprehensive field structure that can comprehensively address lodging prevention, directional root-induced fertilization, and deep soil oxygenation.

[0005] In conclusion, how to innovate field structures and rice planting methods to effectively solve problems such as shallow root systems leading to lodging, significant fertilizer loss, deep soil hypoxia, soil compaction, and mineral solidification, and to increase rice yield, are urgent technical challenges in the current rice planting field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To overcome the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a field structure for rice cultivation; Another objective of this invention is to provide a method for rice cultivation.

[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A field structure for rice cultivation includes field ridges and a main paddy field. The main paddy field is provided with several rice planting troughs for planting rice. Each rice planting trough includes a trough wall, a trough shoulder, and a planting trough bottom surface for planting rice. The bottom surface of the planting trough is lower than the field surface.

[0008] A field structure for rice cultivation includes field ridges and a main paddy field. The main paddy field has several drainage ditches and rice planting troughs for planting rice. The rice planting trough includes a trough wall, a trough shoulder, and a planting trough bottom for planting rice. The bottom of the planting trough is lower than the field surface. The depth of the drainage ditches is greater than the depth of the rice planting troughs, and the drainage ditches and rice planting troughs are connected.

[0009] Furthermore, the drainage ditch is disposed within the rice planting trough; and / or the drainage ditch is disposed on the outer side of the shoulder of the planting trough.

[0010] Furthermore, the main body of the paddy field is provided with several planting units consisting of rice planting troughs, drainage ditches, and wide rows arranged side by side; the wide rows are located outside the drainage ditches; Alternatively, the main body of the paddy field is provided with several planting units consisting of drainage ditches, wide rows, and rice planting troughs arranged side by side; the drainage ditches and wide rows are located within the rice planting troughs; the wide rows are located between the rice planting areas on the bottom of the drainage ditches and planting troughs; the planting units are arranged side by side.

[0011] Preferably, the surface of the wide row strip is flush with the bottom of the planting trough; or the surface of the wide row strip is flush with the field surface; or the surface of the wide row strip is higher than the bottom of the planting trough, with one side of the wide row strip forming the sidewall of the drainage ditch and the other side forming the trough wall.

[0012] A field structure for rice cultivation includes field ridges and a main paddy field. The main paddy field has several wide-row ridges, drainage ditches, and rice planting troughs for planting rice. Each rice planting trough includes trough walls and a bottom surface for planting rice. The bottom surface of the planting trough is lower than the field surface. The ridge surfaces of the wide-row ridges are basically level with the field surface. The depth of the drainage ditches is greater than the depth of the rice planting troughs, and the drainage ditches and rice planting troughs are connected. The rice planting troughs and wide-row ridges are alternately arranged. The drainage ditches include agricultural machinery tracks and are located between the rice planting troughs and wide-row ridges. Alternatively, the main body of the paddy field is provided with several wide-row strips in the shape of ridges and rice planting troughs for planting rice; the rice planting trough includes trough walls and a planting trough bottom for planting rice; the bottom of the planting trough is lower than the field surface; the ridge surface of the wide-row strips is basically level with the field surface; the rice planting troughs and wide-row strips are arranged alternately.

[0013] Furthermore, the bottom surface, wide row strip, trough wall and / or shoulder of the planting trough are respectively provided with several grooves for storing fertilizer, ventilation, drainage and / or cracking after drying.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the planting trough is provided with a fertilizer storage trench; preferably, adjacent fertilizer storage trenches form a rice planting area.

[0015] Furthermore, the bottom surface of the planting trough is provided with a breathable drainage ditch; preferably, the breathable drainage ditch is located between the fertilizer storage ditch.

[0016] Furthermore, the bottom of the groove wall and / or the wide strip are provided with breathable drainage grooves.

[0017] Furthermore, the shoulder of the planting trough is provided with a breathable drainage groove.

[0018] A method for planting rice in the field structure.

[0019] Furthermore, rice cultivation employs methods such as direct seeding, transplanting, or throwing, including methods like direct seeding in dry conditions.

[0020] Preferably, the rice is cultivated in the rice planting area at the bottom of the planting trough.

[0021] Furthermore, one method of rice cultivation includes the following steps: Step 1, Field structure construction: The field structure is formed by excavating rice planting troughs on the main body of the paddy field, with the bottom of the drainage ditch lower than the bottom of the planting trough. Step 2, Trough cultivation: Sow rice seedlings or rice seeds on the bottom surface of the planting trough, and use the trough walls to provide wind protection for the seedlings; Step 3, Water level control: Control the water level in the drainage ditch and the water level at the bottom of the planting trough. By controlling the water level in the drainage ditch and the rice planting trough, water management and tillering management at each stage of rice planting can be achieved. Step 4, root pruning and tiller control: In the middle / late stages of rice tillering, use a plow, rotary tiller, or soil loosening tool to turn over or deeply loosen the soil, including the shoulders of the planting trough, and / or dig drainage ditches in the wide row strips to cut off the lateral roots of the rice plants. This will temporarily and appropriately block nutrient absorption to control ineffective tillering, strengthen the plants, and prepare them for the later retaliatory rooting of the rice. Spray with nutrient solutions to prevent disease and / or enhance plant growth to increase yield.

[0022] Preferably, in step 4, the soil, including the shoulder of the planting trough, is tilled or deep-loosened using a plow, rotary tiller, or tumbler and / or drainage ditches are dug in the wide row strip. The resulting soil is pushed into the rice planting trough and covers the base of the rice plant stems.

[0023] Optionally, in step 5, ridge protection: leave the loosened soil on the shoulder of the planting trough in place or gather it slightly inward to reserve a source of soft soil for subsequent ridge construction.

[0024] Optionally, in step 6, before the rice reaches the jointing stage or before the canopy closes, the soil from the shoulder of the planting trough is pushed into the rice planting trough to cover the base of the rice plant stems, forming a protective ridge.

[0025] Step 6: Implement physical slope protection. During the rice's jointing stage or before canopy closure, use the shoulders of the pre-reserved high-level planting troughs as a soil source. Through ridge-building operations, backfill the soil to the base of the plants, deeply burying the previously exposed tillering nodes and forming stable physical lateral support. This strategy of first growing at a low level and then mulching at a high level effectively solves the problem of rice being top-heavy and prone to lodging.

[0026] Furthermore, in step 1, while constructing the field structure, several fertilizer storage trenches are opened on the bottom surface of the planting trough. Furthermore, in step 2, before or at the same time as sowing, liquid fertilizer is applied into the fertilizer storage trench, and the fertilizer storage trench is used to guide the rice roots to grow deeper.

[0027] Furthermore, in step 1, a breathable drainage ditch is also made on the bottom surface, wall surface, or shoulder of the planting trough. Furthermore, in step 3, the water level control also includes the following steps: (1) After rice sowing or transplanting, by carefully controlling the water retention in the drainage ditch and the slight dryness of the field surface, the rice seedlings are not subjected to drought stress, and the rice roots are guided to grow downwards, attracting golden apple snails to the drainage ditch, thus avoiding water from soaking the rice roots and attracting golden apple snails to eat them. (2) After the rice tillers reach the expected number, drain the water and use the height difference between the drainage ditch and the bottom of the planting trough to quickly drain the water and dry the field, inducing the roots to grow downwards; (3) Drain the water in the drainage ditch at the end of the rice tillering stage to dry the field. Use the breathable drainage ditch as a stress concentration point to make the soil crack at a preset position to increase the oxygen content and looseness of the deep soil. (4) After the field is dried, the water level is controlled by alternating wet and dry irrigation or intermittent irrigation. The re-irrigation releases the golden apple snails from the drainage ditch, which then eat the ineffective tillers that grow after the field is dried, re-irrigated, and fertilized. Preferably, the field is soaked in water for a few hours every few days, which allows the golden apple snails to eat the newly grown ineffective tillers, further strengthening the control of ineffective tillers. (5) During the heading stage, a water layer of 5-6 cm should be maintained to ensure water demand and meet the development of the panicle; (6) During the flowering and heading stage, maintain a shallow water layer of 3-5 cm or keep the plant moist to avoid causing the florets to degenerate.

[0028] (7) During the grain filling and maturation period, alternate between dry and wet irrigation or intermittent irrigation; that is, after each irrigation, the water will naturally dry out, and then irrigate again after 2-3 days to maintain root vitality.

[0029] (8) Before harvest, stop watering 7-10 days before harvest to prevent the soil from drying out too early or becoming too muddy.

[0030] Furthermore, in step 1, a wide row strip is reserved in the rice planting trough for not planting rice; the wide row strip is set between the drainage ditch and the sowing area; Furthermore, in step 2, the sowing location avoids the wide row strip.

[0031] Furthermore, the ridge protection in step 4 specifically involves: using machinery or manual labor to cut away the shoulders of the planting troughs on both sides at higher levels, backfilling the soil to the bottom of the planting troughs at lower levels, while retaining or excavating the drainage ditch for later irrigation and drainage.

[0032] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are: The rice field structure and planting method provided by this invention systematically solves problems such as lodging, shallow root system, fertilizer loss, and soil hypoxia in rice cultivation by constructing a three-dimensional planting space with deep ditches, low troughs, and high shoulders, and combining micro-ditch induction mechanism and cast-iron slope protection technology. It also has a significant effect on the control of golden apple snails. The specific beneficial effects are as follows: 1. Construct a dual anti-lodging mechanism with deep underground reinforcement and above-ground slope protection to significantly improve lodging resistance. This invention changes the traditional cultivation method of planting on ridges or on flat ground, and instead cultivates rice on the bottom of a planting trough that is lower than the field surface.

[0033] Seedling shelter from wind: Use the walls of the planting trough to form a natural windbreak to reduce wind damage during the seedling stage.

[0034] Deep root development: By using drainage ditches with a depth greater than that of the planting trough to create a vertical water level difference, and in conjunction with deep fertilization in the fertilizer storage trough, the rice roots are forced to penetrate the topsoil and take root in the deeper soil, forming a huge underground anchoring system.

[0035] Physical root pruning: Traditional field drying suppresses tillering by causing soil drought through drainage. This invention controls tillering by severing the surface lateral roots (these roots are mainly responsible for absorbing surface nitrogen, primarily supplying the growth of ineffective tillers), artificially creating physiological water stress and nutrient blockage in the plant. After root pruning, the plant's ability to acquire nutrients temporarily decreases, forcing the rice to stop vegetative growth (no longer growing new leaves or buds) and accelerate the transition to reproductive growth (booting), concentrating limited nutrients on the already formed robust main stem and large tillers.

[0036] Consolidating the advantages of deep rooting: After cutting off the floating roots, the plant will rely more on the longitudinal root system that has already penetrated into the fertilizer storage trench and deep soil for survival. After physical root severing, rice will exhibit retaliatory rooting, which further enhances the technical effect of the deep rooting induced by this invention, ensuring that the remaining root system consists entirely of deep anchoring roots that resist lodging.

[0037] Deep aeration at the shoulder of the planting trough: Loosening the soil at the shoulder and combining it with the third aeration and drainage ditch further increases the permeability of the soil at the shoulder, accelerates the evaporation of deep water in the shoulder, keeps the soil at the shoulder in a dry state, which is conducive to the oxidation of soil minerals and the release of nutrients, providing fertile and healthy soil for later backfilling.

[0038] In cases of lodging due to special circumstances, the excellent drainage of the field ditches prevents any rice ears from being soaked. The three-dimensional structure of the ditches promotes air circulation, reducing the germination rate after lodging and further promoting grain filling. The ditch structure also has another beneficial effect: because the rice roots are below the field surface, the three-dimensional structure allows for rapid drainage, which is more conducive to drying the paddy field. In a sufficiently dry field, the harvester's tracks cannot crush the rice stubble during harvesting. This provides excellent protection for the stubble of ratooning rice, protecting all the stubble and promoting the growth of more, stronger buds, resulting in a higher yield.

[0039] 2. Innovative micro-groove induction technology enables precise fertilization and targeted oxygenation. The present invention incorporates microstructures such as fertilizer storage trenches and ventilation and drainage trenches within the planting trough.

[0040] Deep fertilizer storage: The fertilizer storage trench locks the liquid fertilizer in the deep soil below the root system, avoiding the runoff and volatilization of surface fertilizer, improving fertilizer utilization, and further inducing the roots to go down to find nutrients.

[0041] Active oxygenation: The aerated drainage trenches utilize the shrinkage stress of the soil during field drying to induce directional cracking in the soil at predetermined locations (such as below the root core or at the edge of the trench wall). The cracks extend deep into the root zone, breaking down the barrier of the plow pan to gas, directly delivering fresh oxygen to the root area, eliminating reducing toxic substances, significantly enhancing root vitality, and preventing premature aging.

[0042] 3. Optimize the water, air, and heat environment to improve population quality and yield. Water management: The structural design of the furrows being located within the planting trough or outside the shoulder of the planting trough allows water to gently moisten the root zone through lateral seepage during irrigation, and enables rapid drainage of the field water by utilizing depth differences. This water management not only meets physiological water needs but also creates a healthy root environment with alternating periods of dryness and wetness.

[0043] Light and temperature regulation: The presence of the shoulders of the planting troughs and wide row strips increases the spatial distance between rows, creating excellent ventilation corridors and light channels. This allows sunlight to penetrate to the base of the plants, improving the light energy utilization rate of the plant population and enhancing the fullness of the basal internodes. Simultaneously, it reduces field humidity, effectively suppressing the occurrence of moisture-loving diseases such as sheath blight and rice blast, and reducing pesticide use. The ditch structure expands the contact area between the soil and sunlight and air, causing the paddy field soil to warm up faster during the day and cool down more significantly at night, creating a suitable diurnal temperature range. This regulatory effect promotes rice root growth, improves photosynthetic efficiency and dry matter accumulation, enhances plant resistance, helps reduce ineffective tillering, improves plant population structure, and ultimately achieves increased rice yield and improved quality.

[0044] 4. Ecological control methods for preventing damage from golden apple snails in rice paddies This invention innovatively provides a method for the ecological induction and control of golden apple snails based on the synergy of water level regulation and field architecture. This method constructs a trapping ditch system of specific specifications within the paddy field, where the depth of the drainage ditch is greater than the depth of the rice planting trough, and the drainage ditch and rice planting trough are connected. Combined with water management during the rice growth period, such as drainage / exposing the field, a humidity gradient is formed between the field surface and the ditch. This causes golden apple snails to actively migrate from the base of the rice plants and accumulate in the drainage ditch, thereby achieving physical isolation of the pest. This significantly reduces the damage caused by golden apple snails to rice seedlings and tillering stems, achieving the goals of protecting seedlings, increasing yield, and reducing the use of chemical pesticides.

[0045] To control ineffective tillering, conventional field drying / sun-drying is usually done at the end of the tillering stage. However, this invention innovatively advances water level control to the greening stage or early tillering stage. Through precise control of water retention in drainage ditches and slight dryness of the field surface, this invention avoids drought stress on seedlings while successfully attracting golden apple snails. After sun-drying, water levels are controlled by alternating wet and dry conditions or intermittent irrigation. During this re-watering, ineffective tillers that grow after sun-drying and fertilization are eaten by golden apple snails emerging from the drainage ditches. Every few days, the field is soaked in running water for several hours, allowing the golden apple snails to consume newly grown ineffective tillers, further strengthening the control of ineffective tillering. Furthermore, the exposed rice roots in the ditches are gnawed by the golden apple snails, repeatedly stimulating root growth and increasing root activity.

[0046] 5. Standardized and intensive structure, adaptable to modern mechanized operations. The field structure of this invention has a high degree of standardization.

[0047] Convenient operation: The wide shoulders of the planting troughs and the wide row strips provide operating space for field management and avoid trampling on the plants.

[0048] Mechanical Adaptability: The regular trench distribution facilitates the entry and operation of agricultural machinery such as ditchers, fertilizer applicators, and harvesters, making operation simple and efficient, and improving land utilization and production efficiency. For example, this invention retains the tractor tracks as drainage ditches, which allows the tractor to travel along the tracks when it returns to the field during subsequent cultivation periods, avoiding deviation from its intended path. Attached Figure Description

[0049] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0050] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the field structure in Example 1; Figure 2 This is a top view of the field structure in Example 1; Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the field structure in Example 2; Figure 4 This is a top view of the field structure in Example 2; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the field structure in Example 3; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the field structure in Example 4; Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the field structure in Example 5; Figure 8 This is a top view of the field structure in Example 5; Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the field structure in Example 6; Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the field structure in Example 9; Figure 11 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the field structure after the drainage ditch was excavated in Example 9; Figure 12 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the field structure used for direct-seeded rice in Example 10. Detailed Implementation

[0051] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of this application clearer, the technical solutions of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the described embodiments without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0052] Unless otherwise defined, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains. The terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this application do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different components. Terms such as "comprising" or "including" mean that the element or object preceding the word encompasses the elements or objects listed following the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or objects. Terms such as "connected" or "linked" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. Terms such as "upper," "lower," "left," and "right" are used only to indicate relative positional relationships; when the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0053] In the following embodiments, the field surface refers to the flat surface of the paddy field after tilling and harrowing; that is, the top surface of the shoulder of the planting trough.

[0054] Example 1 like Figure 1-2As shown, this embodiment discloses a field structure for rice cultivation, including a field ridge 1 and a paddy field body 2. The paddy field body 2 is provided with several drainage ditches 21 and rice planting troughs 22 for planting rice. The rice planting trough 22 includes a trough wall 221, a planting trough shoulder 222, and a planting trough bottom surface 223 for planting rice. The planting trough bottom surface 223 is lower than the field surface. The depth of the drainage ditches 21 is greater than the depth of the rice planting troughs 22, and the drainage ditches 21 and the rice planting troughs 22 are connected.

[0055] Drainage ditch 21 is set inside rice planting trough 22.

[0056] Planting unit 3 consists of a drainage ditch 21 and a rice planting trough 22 arranged side by side.

[0057] The main body of the paddy field 2 is provided with several planting units 3; the planting units 3 are arranged side by side.

[0058] The size and quantity of each structure in the field structure of this embodiment can be adjusted according to the size of the farmland area and the conditions of agricultural implements and machinery, so as to meet the requirements of rice planting and achieve the goal of high yield.

[0059] The structural dimensions are given below as one specific embodiment: The width of the drainage ditch 21 at the field surface is 20-25cm; the bottom width of the drainage ditch 21 is 5-10cm; and the depth of the bottom of the drainage ditch 21 from the field surface is 29-35cm.

[0060] The width of the rice planting trough 22 at the field surface (excluding the shoulder of the planting trough) is 80-90cm; the width of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is 75-85cm. Preferably, the width of the rice planting trough 22 at the field surface (excluding the shoulder of the planting trough) is 86-90cm; the width of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is 75-82cm.

[0061] The width of the shoulder of the planting trough at the field surface is 15-25cm; the bottom width of the shoulder is 22-28cm. Preferably, the width of the shoulder of the planting trough at the field surface is 15-20cm; the bottom width of the shoulder is 22-28cm.

[0062] The depth of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough from the field surface is 10-15cm; preferably, the depth is 10-13cm.

[0063] This implementation innovatively develops field structures and planting methods for rice cultivation. The rice planting trough 22 effectively provides physical support and lodging resistance. By planting in the trough, the stress environment at the base of the rice plant is altered, solving the problem of rice's susceptibility to lodging. First, it provides physical slope protection and lowers the center of gravity. The bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is lower than the field surface, placing the base of the rice stem below the field surface. The trough walls 221 form a natural retaining wall and physical support barrier. When the rice is hit by wind, the base of the stem is directly supported by the lateral support of the trough walls, effectively shortening the force arm and lowering the plant's center of gravity relative to the ground, thus significantly improving its lodging resistance. Second, it allows for deep root anchoring. The rice planting trough 22 and drainage ditch 21 restrict the lateral shallow distribution of roots, inducing the roots to grow deep into the trough. Compared to flat planting or ridge planting, the rice planting trough structure allows the roots to grip the deeper soil more tightly, enhancing the anchoring force of the roots.

[0064] Third, the seedbed is stable. The bottom surface 223 of the planting trough provides a flat seedbed, which, combined with the later water management, helps the roots to be fixed in the soil and avoids the phenomenon of roots floating on the surface soil as in traditional cultivation.

[0065] In this embodiment, the drainage ditch 21 innovatively achieves root oxygenation, aeration, and precise irrigation and drainage functions. The drainage ditch 21 is located within the planting trough and is deeper, constructing a three-dimensional water and air exchange system. Firstly, it increases oxygenation and aeration while eliminating toxic substances. As a seepage channel, the drainage ditch 21 can rapidly lower the groundwater level within the planting trough, achieving alternating wet and dry conditions. This significantly increases soil aeration, raises the soil redox potential, and reduces reducing substances in the soil (such as Fe). 2+ The accumulation of nitrogen (Mn, hydrogen sulfide, etc.) eliminates their toxic effects on the roots. An oxygen-rich environment promotes the growth of white roots in rice and enhances root vitality. Second, drainage and flood control. Because the drainage ditch is deeper than the planting trough, it acts as a rapid drainage layer during heavy rains or when the field needs drying, ensuring that water does not accumulate at the bottom of the planting trough and preventing the rice from being submerged and lacking oxygen. Third, precise irrigation and heat preservation. In dry or low-temperature seasons, the deep ditch can store water and retain heat. During irrigation, water flows through the drainage ditch and seeps into the planting trough through capillary action, achieving moist irrigation that saves water and maintains a loose soil structure.

[0066] The shoulder 222 of the planting trough in this embodiment provides light transmission, ventilation, and a marginal effect. As a spacing area between planting units, the shoulder 222 plays a crucial role in spatial regulation in rice cultivation. First, it improves ventilation and light transmission. The shoulder 222 widens the row spacing, creating a clear ventilation and light corridor. This increases the light intensity at the base of the rice plants, promoting the synthesis and enrichment of cellulose at the base of the stem, resulting in thicker stem walls. Simultaneously, good ventilation reduces field humidity, effectively suppressing the occurrence of moisture-loving diseases such as sheath blight. Second, it provides a marginal effect. The wide row spacing created by the shoulder 222 allows the rice plants within the planting trough to fully utilize the spatial resources (light, temperature, and air) on both sides, producing a significant marginal effect, resulting in stronger plants and larger, more numerous grains. Third, it serves as an operation and maintenance passage. During field management (such as manual weeding, fertilization, or inspection), the shoulder 222 can serve as a passage for pedestrians or small machinery, preventing direct trampling of the planting area from damaging seedlings and roots.

[0067] This innovative embodiment transforms rice cultivation from a planar to a three-dimensional process through a composite structure of grooved planting, deep-ditch water regulation, and shoulder ventilation. It innovatively utilizes the physical barrier of the rice planting trough 22 to solve lodging problems, leverages the water level difference in the drainage ditch 21 to address soil oxygen deficiency and root rot, and utilizes the spatial isolation of the planting trough shoulders 222 to prevent canopy shading, thus achieving a field structure that integrates physical lodging prevention and ecological optimization. This embodiment also innovatively provides a method for the ecological control of golden apple snails based on the synergy of water level regulation and field structure. This method involves constructing a trapping ditch system of specific dimensions within the paddy field. The depth of the drainage ditch is greater than that of the rice planting trough, and the drainage ditch and rice planting trough are connected. Combined with water management during the rice growth period, such as drainage to dry the field / exposing the field, a humidity gradient is formed between the field surface and the ditch. This causes golden apple snails to actively migrate from the base of the rice plants and accumulate in the drainage ditch, thereby achieving physical isolation of the pest. This significantly reduces the damage caused by golden apple snails to rice seedlings and tillering stems, achieving the goals of protecting seedlings, increasing yield, and reducing the use of chemical pesticides.

[0068] To control ineffective tillering, conventional field drying / sun-drying is usually done at the end of the tillering stage. However, this invention innovatively advances the water level control to the greening stage or the early tillering stage. Through precise control of water retention in drainage ditches and slight dryness of the field surface, this invention avoids drought stress on seedlings and successfully attracts golden apple snails.

[0069] Example 2 like Figure 3-4As shown, this embodiment discloses a field structure for rice cultivation, including a field ridge 1 and a paddy field body 2. The paddy field body 2 is provided with several drainage ditches 21 and rice planting troughs 22 for planting rice. The rice planting trough 22 includes a trough wall 221, a planting trough shoulder 222, and a planting trough bottom surface 223 for planting rice. The planting trough bottom surface 223 is lower than the field surface. The depth of the drainage ditches 21 is greater than the depth of the rice planting troughs 22, and the drainage ditches 21 and the rice planting troughs 22 are connected.

[0070] The main body of the paddy field 2 has a wide row strip 23 that is not used for planting rice. The wide row strip 23 provides light and air circulation and a passage for operation in the paddy field.

[0071] The surface of the wide strip 23 is flush with the bottom surface of the planting trough.

[0072] Drainage ditch 21 and wide row strip 23 are set inside rice planting trough 22; wide row strip 23 is set between drainage ditch 21 and rice planting area 224 on bottom surface of planting trough 22; Planting unit 3 consists of drainage ditch 21, wide row strip 23 and rice planting trough 22 arranged side by side.

[0073] The main body of the paddy field 2 is provided with several planting units 3; the planting units 3 are arranged side by side.

[0074] The size and quantity of each structure in the field structure of this embodiment can be adjusted according to the size of the farmland area and the conditions of agricultural implements and machinery, so as to meet the requirements of rice planting and achieve the goal of high yield.

[0075] The following are structural dimensions as one specific embodiment: the width of the drainage ditch 21 at the field surface is 20-25cm; the bottom width of the drainage ditch 21 is 5-10cm; and the depth of the bottom of the drainage ditch 21 from the field surface is 29-35cm.

[0076] The width of the rice planting trough 22 at the field surface (excluding the shoulder of the planting trough) is 80-90cm; the width of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is 75-85cm. Preferably, the width of the rice planting trough 22 at the field surface (excluding the shoulder of the planting trough) is 86-90cm; the width of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is 75-82cm.

[0077] The width of the shoulder of the planting trough at the field surface is 15-25cm; the bottom width of the shoulder is 22-28cm. Preferably, the width of the shoulder of the planting trough at the field surface is 15-20cm; the bottom width of the shoulder is 22-28cm.

[0078] The depth of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough from the field surface is 10-15cm; preferably, the depth is 10-13cm.

[0079] The width of the wide strip 23 is 10-20cm.

[0080] This embodiment possesses the structure and beneficial effects of Embodiment 1. Building upon this, it innovatively introduces a wide-row strip 23 (not planted with rice) inside the rice planting trough 22, constructing a "ditch-strip-seedling" micro-layout. First, the core function of the wide-row strip 23 is to create a corridor for marginal advantage and microenvironmental regulation. In dense paddy fields, the wide-row strip 23 acts as a light- and air-permeable zone, breaking the traditional uniform dense planting's shading of sunlight. This allows sunlight to obliquely penetrate the lower part of the plant population, directly illuminating the basal stems of the plants within the rice planting area 224, forming a light-temperature channel. Second, it enhances photosynthesis and disease resistance. Sufficient basal light significantly enhances the fullness of the basal internodes, resulting in thicker stems and higher cellulose content, thus physiologically enhancing lodging resistance. The wide-row strip 23 forms an air convection channel running through the field, quickly removing transpiration moisture and reducing overall humidity. It has excellent ecological control effects for moisture-loving pests and diseases such as sheath blight and rice planthoppers. Third, by utilizing the edge row advantage created by the wide row strip 23, each row of rice grows like rice growing at the edge of the field, resulting in large panicles and many grains, thus increasing the overall yield. Fourth, the buffering and protective functions of the wide row strip 23 prevent water and fertilizer impact and root damage. Located between the drainage ditch 21 and the rice planting area 224, the wide row strip 23 acts as a physical barrier. Simultaneously, when large-volume irrigation and drainage occur in the drainage ditch 21, the wide row strip 23 buffers the direct scouring of the root zone soil by the water flow, preventing rice seedlings from being washed away or tilted, and protecting the stability of the rhizosphere soil structure. Furthermore, when high-concentration liquid fertilizer is applied in the furrow, the wide row strip 23 acts as a permeable buffer layer, allowing the fertilizer to permeate through the soil of the wide row strip before reaching the root zone, avoiding root burn caused by direct fertilizer contact with the roots, and achieving a stable supply of nutrients.

[0081] The wide row strip 23, combined with the drainage ditch 21 and planting trough 22, achieves a three-dimensional root system. The drainage ditch 21 induces the roots to grow downwards, while the wide row strip 23 allows the roots to extend laterally (in the direction of the ditch) without competition from neighboring plants. This downward and lateral growth pattern makes the rice root network larger and more stable, doubling the absorption area. The presence of the wide row strip 23 ensures that the planting area 224 maintains an appropriate distance from the deep ditch 21, allowing the plant to benefit from the aeration provided by the deep ditch while maintaining suitable moisture through soil capillary action.

[0082] Example 3 like Figure 5As shown, this embodiment discloses a field structure for rice cultivation, including a field ridge 1 and a paddy field body 2. The paddy field body 2 is provided with several drainage ditches 21 and rice planting troughs 22 for planting rice. The rice planting trough 22 includes a trough wall 221, a planting trough shoulder 222, and a planting trough bottom surface 223 for planting rice. The planting trough bottom surface 223 is lower than the field surface. The depth of the drainage ditches 21 is greater than the depth of the rice planting troughs 22, and the drainage ditches 21 and the rice planting troughs 22 are connected.

[0083] Drainage ditch 21 is located on the outside of the shoulder 222 of the planting trough.

[0084] Planting unit 3 consists of a drainage ditch 21 and a rice planting trough 22 arranged side by side.

[0085] The main body of the paddy field 2 is provided with several planting units 3; the planting units 3 are arranged side by side.

[0086] As one specific implementation method, the main body 2 of the paddy field is provided with several second drainage ditches (not shown in the figure) that are connected to the rice planting troughs 22.

[0087] The size and quantity of each structure in the field structure of this embodiment can be adjusted according to the size of the farmland area and the conditions of agricultural implements and machinery, so as to meet the requirements of rice planting and achieve the goal of high yield.

[0088] The following are structural dimensions as one specific embodiment: the width of the drainage ditch 21 at the field surface is 20-25cm; the bottom width of the drainage ditch 21 is 5-10cm; and the depth of the bottom of the drainage ditch 21 from the field surface is 29-35cm.

[0089] The width of the rice planting trough 22 at the field surface (excluding the shoulder of the planting trough) is 80-90cm; the width of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is 75-85cm. Preferably, the width of the rice planting trough 22 at the field surface (excluding the shoulder of the planting trough) is 86-90cm; the width of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is 75-82cm.

[0090] The width of the shoulder of the planting trough at the field surface is 15-25cm; the bottom width of the shoulder is 22-28cm. Preferably, the width of the shoulder of the planting trough at the field surface is 15-20cm; the bottom width of the shoulder is 22-28cm.

[0091] The depth of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough from the field surface is 10-15cm; preferably, the depth is 10-13cm.

[0092] The width of the bottom of the wide strip 23 (the position flush with the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough) is 10-20cm.

[0093] The surface of the wide row strip 23 is flush with the field surface. One side of the wide row strip 23 forms the sidewall of the drainage ditch, and the other side forms the trough wall.

[0094] This embodiment has a similar structure and beneficial effects to Embodiment 1. On this basis, this embodiment innovatively adopts an outer trench and inner channel layout to construct a stable side-seepage irrigation system.

[0095] First, the lateral infiltration irrigation function achieves the effects of water and fertilizer buffering and lateral root induction. In this embodiment, the drainage ditch 21 is located on the outer side of the planting trough shoulder, separated from the planting trough bottom 223 by the wide planting trough shoulder 222. Second, lateral infiltration irrigation, unlike the direct contact of the ditch inside the trough in embodiments 1 and 2, relies on the capillary action of the soil to allow water in the ditch to pass through the thick shoulder soil and infiltrate laterally into the rice planting trough 22. This method is similar to the effect of drip irrigation, with a gentle water flow that does not wash away seeds or seedlings, which is beneficial to root growth. Third, the lateral expansion of the root system, because the water source is deep on the side, induces the rice roots not only to grow downwards, but also to extend strongly laterally towards the shoulders to find the water source. This makes the root system more widely distributed in the horizontal direction, with a more stable grip on the ground, further enhancing the resistance to lodging. Fourth, it conserves fertilizer and prevents runoff. The liquid fertilizer applied in the rice planting trough 22 is held in place by the thick soil on both sides of the shoulders, preventing it from flowing directly into the drainage ditch and being lost. Instead, it is locked within the root zone, significantly improving fertilizer utilization. Fifth, the shoulders 222 of the planting trough, as an independent structural unit, have a field surface width of 15-25cm and a bottom width of 22-28cm, forming a stable trapezoidal ridge. Sixth, the optimized drainage and water control mechanism, with the drainage ditch 21 being significantly deeper (25-30cm) than the bottom surface of the planting trough 223 (10-15cm), creates a vertical water level difference of approximately 15cm. This depth difference ensures that the groundwater level below the planting trough is lowered below the root system. During the drying period, the deep ditch quickly cuts off capillary water rise, causing the soil in the trough to dry and crack rapidly, increasing the oxygen content of the deeper soil layers and promoting deep root development. Seventh, the intensive advantages of wide-width planting troughs: The rice planting trough 22 is 80-90cm wide, creating a wide seedling strip. The large planting surface allows for planting multiple rows of rice (e.g., 2-4 rows), which, combined with the wide row strip 23 (10-20cm), allows for a wide-narrow row planting density within the rice planting trough 22. This fully utilizes the land area, resulting in more effective panicles per unit area and higher yield potential compared to narrow furrow planting. The wide rice planting trough 22 also forms a relatively independent microclimate zone with a large soil heat capacity and strong diurnal temperature buffering capacity, which helps seedlings resist early spring chilling damage.

[0096] Example 4 like Figure 6As shown, this embodiment discloses a field structure for rice cultivation, including a field ridge 1 and a paddy field body 2. The paddy field body 2 is provided with several drainage ditches 21 and rice planting troughs 22 for planting rice. The rice planting trough 22 includes a trough wall 221, a planting trough shoulder 222, and a planting trough bottom surface 223 for planting rice. The planting trough bottom surface 223 is lower than the field surface. The depth of the drainage ditches 21 is greater than the depth of the rice planting troughs 22, and the drainage ditches 21 and the rice planting troughs 22 are connected.

[0097] The main body of the paddy field 2 has a wide row strip 23 that is not used for planting rice. The wide row strip 23 provides light and air circulation and a passage for operation in the paddy field.

[0098] The surface of the wide strip 23 is flush with the bottom of the planting trough.

[0099] Drainage ditch 21 is located on the outside of the shoulder 222 of the planting trough. Wide row strip 23 is located on the outside of drainage ditch 21.

[0100] The main body of the paddy field 2 is provided with several planting units 3 consisting of rice planting troughs 22, drainage ditches 21 and wide row strips 23 arranged side by side; The main body of the paddy field 2 is provided with several planting units 3; the planting units 3 are arranged side by side.

[0101] The size and quantity of each structure in the field structure of this embodiment can be adjusted according to the size of the farmland area and the conditions of agricultural implements and machinery, so as to meet the requirements of rice planting and achieve the goal of high yield.

[0102] The structural dimensions are given below as one specific embodiment: The width of the rice planting trough 22 at the field surface (excluding the shoulder of the planting trough) is 80-90cm; the width of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is 75-85cm. Preferably, the width of the rice planting trough 22 at the field surface (excluding the shoulder of the planting trough) is 86-90cm; the width of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is 75-82cm.

[0103] The width of the shoulder of the planting trough at the field surface is 15-25cm; the bottom width of the shoulder is 22-28cm. Preferably, the width of the shoulder of the planting trough at the field surface is 15-20cm; the bottom width of the shoulder is 22-28cm.

[0104] The depth of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough from the field surface is 10-15cm; preferably, the depth is 10-13cm.

[0105] The width of the wide strip 23 is 10-20cm.

[0106] This embodiment has a similar structure and beneficial effects to Embodiment 2. On this basis, this embodiment innovatively introduces a wide row strip 23 that is not planted with rice to construct a micro-layout of "ditch-strip-seedling".

[0107] Example 5 like Figure 7-8 As shown, This embodiment discloses a field structure for rice cultivation, including a field ridge 1 and a main paddy field 2. The main paddy field 2 is provided with several drainage ditches 21 and rice planting troughs 22 for planting rice. The rice planting trough 22 includes a trough wall 221, a planting trough shoulder 222, and a planting trough bottom surface 223 for planting rice. The planting trough bottom surface 223 is lower than the field surface. The depth of the drainage ditches 21 is greater than the depth of the rice planting troughs 22, and the drainage ditches 21 and the rice planting troughs 22 are connected.

[0108] The main body of the paddy field 2 has a wide row strip 23 that is not used for planting rice. The wide row strip 23 provides light and air circulation and a passage for operation in the paddy field.

[0109] The surface of the wide strip 23 is flush with the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough.

[0110] Drainage ditch 21 is located on the outside of the shoulder 222 of the planting trough. Wide row strip 23 is located on the outside of drainage ditch 21.

[0111] The main body of the paddy field 2 is provided with several planting units 3 consisting of rice planting troughs 22, drainage ditches 21 and wide row strips 23 arranged side by side; The main body of the paddy field 2 is provided with several planting units 3; the planting units 3 are arranged side by side.

[0112] This embodiment, based on embodiments 1-4, includes the following modifications: The bottom surface 223, the wall 221 and / or the shoulder 222 of the planting trough are provided with several trenches 4 for storing fertilizer, ventilation and / or cracking after drying.

[0113] The size and quantity of each structure in the field structure of this embodiment can be adjusted according to the size of the farmland area and the conditions of agricultural implements and machinery, so as to meet the requirements of rice planting and achieve the goal of high yield.

[0114] As one of the specific implementation methods, the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is provided with two fertilizer storage trenches 41; the adjacent fertilizer storage trenches 41 form a rice planting area 224.

[0115] As one specific implementation method, the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is provided with a first ventilation and drainage ditch 42; the first ventilation and drainage ditch 42 is set between two fertilizer storage ditches 41, forming two rice planting areas 224.

[0116] As one of the specific implementation methods, a second ventilated drainage ditch 43 is provided at the bottom of the trough wall 221.

[0117] As one specific implementation method, the shoulder 222 of the planting trough is provided with two third ventilation and drainage grooves 44.

[0118] The following are structural dimensions as one specific embodiment: the width of the drainage ditch 21 at the field surface is 20-25cm; the bottom width of the drainage ditch 21 is 5-10cm; and the depth of the bottom of the drainage ditch 21 from the field surface is 29-35cm.

[0119] The width of the rice planting trough 22 at the field surface (excluding the shoulder of the planting trough) is 80-90cm; the width of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is 75-85cm. Preferably, the width of the rice planting trough 22 at the field surface (excluding the shoulder of the planting trough) is 86-90cm; the width of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is 75-82cm.

[0120] The width of the shoulder of the planting trough at the field surface is 15-25cm; the bottom width of the shoulder is 22-28cm. Preferably, the width of the shoulder of the planting trough at the field surface is 15-20cm; the bottom width of the shoulder is 22-28cm.

[0121] The depth of the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough from the field surface is 10-15cm; preferably, the depth is 10-13cm.

[0122] The width of the wide strip 23 is 10-20cm.

[0123] The width of the fertilizer storage trench 41 is 3-7cm, and the depth is 10-20cm; preferably, the depth is 10-15cm. The width of rice planting area 224 is 15-25cm; The width of the first breathable drainage groove 42 is 1-5cm, and the depth is 10-20cm, preferably 10-15cm. The width of the second breathable drainage ditch 43 is 1-5cm and the depth is 3-10cm; The width of the third breathable drainage ditch 44 is 1-5cm and the depth is 20-26cm.

[0124] This embodiment shares a similar structure and beneficial effects with Embodiment 1. Building upon this, it innovatively utilizes soil physics (stress concentration leading to cracking) and plant physiology (root tropism and hydrotropism) to transform the traditional passive waiting for field drying and cracking into active, targeted cracking. This embodiment innovatively replaces traditional flat planting, ridge cultivation, or furrow-type wet cultivation with underground micro-topography three-dimensional planting, a key technical means to solve the problems of lodging and premature aging in rice.

[0125] This embodiment constructs an underground root system regulation system for deep rooting, fixed-point aeration, and deep fertilizer storage by setting trenches at different parts of the rice planting trough.

[0126] First, the fertilizer storage trench 41 constructs an underground nutrient reservoir and a root-deepening induction device. The deep fertilizer storage function, acting as a liquid fertilizer storage trench, ensures that applied liquid fertilizer is preferentially collected and retained within the trench, rather than flowing across the field surface, reducing fertilizer volatilization and runoff loss. Simultaneously, it has a slow-release effect; the fertilizer within the storage trench slowly permeates to the surrounding areas and downwards through soil capillary action, ensuring a continuous nutrient supply.

[0127] Secondly, it induces deep root growth to enhance lodging resistance. Rice exhibits fertility-inducing behavior, where high concentrations of nutrients are located 10-20 cm underground. To obtain these nutrients, the rice roots actively penetrate the topsoil and grow deeper into the fertility storage trenches. Simultaneously, physical anchoring is achieved. This induction mechanism forces the root system to form a vast, deep root network, significantly enhancing the plant's lodging resistance.

[0128] Third, the first aeration and drainage ditch 42 constructs a root aeration pipe and a core soil cracking point. Located between the two fertilizer storage ditches, in the middle of the rice planting area 224, it is 10-20cm deep. This achieves a targeted soil cracking mechanism. During field drying, soil moisture evaporates and shrinks. Due to the presence of the first aeration and drainage ditch 42, this becomes a physical weak point in the soil layer, and the soil will preferentially crack longitudinally along this ditch. The cracks will precisely appear in the core area of ​​the rice root system. At the same time, it achieves root core oxygenation. The cracks lead directly to the depths of the dense root area, delivering fresh oxygen directly to the center of the root ball, solving the problem of traditional field drying only cracking the outer skin while the root core remains oxygen-deficient. This effectively prevents premature root aging and maintains root vitality until maturity.

[0129] Third, the second aeration and drainage ditch 43 constructs an edge breathing ring and an anti-caking isolation zone. The corners of rice planting troughs are usually dead zones for water flow, prone to water accumulation and compaction. Setting up this ditch can break up the compaction layer in the corners. During field drying, soil shrinkage will cause the soil at the bottom of the planting trough to separate from the trough walls. The second aeration and drainage ditch 43 guides this separation to occur at a predetermined location, forming a breathing ring around the root system, promoting the respiration and growth of lateral roots.

[0130] Fourth, the third permeable drainage ditch 44 constructs a vertical ventilation well and a deep dehumidification channel. The third permeable drainage ditch 44 achieves deep soil improvement, for example, through vertical ventilation. Although the shoulder 222 of the planting trough is located at a higher elevation, its deep soil often has poor permeability. The third permeable drainage ditch 44, with a depth of 20-30cm, forms a vertical air channel, introducing air into the deep soil of the shoulder 222 of the planting trough. Simultaneously, it assists in dehumidification; during the drying season, the third permeable drainage ditch 44 accelerates the evaporation of moisture from the deep soil of the shoulder, allowing the soil of the shoulder 222 of the planting trough to dry and harden quickly, thus providing more stable lateral physical support for the planting trough.

[0131] Example 6 like Figure 9 As shown, the field structure of the rice planting method disclosed in this embodiment is basically similar to that of Embodiment 5, both including field ridges 1 and a main paddy field 2. The main paddy field 2 is provided with several drainage ditches 21 and rice planting troughs 22 for planting rice. The rice planting trough 22 includes a trough wall 221, a planting trough shoulder 222, and a planting trough bottom surface 223 for planting rice. The planting trough bottom surface 223 is lower than the field surface. The depth of the drainage ditches 21 is greater than the depth of the rice planting troughs 22, and the drainage ditches 21 and the rice planting troughs 22 are connected. The main paddy field 2 is provided with wide row strips 23 that are not used for planting rice. The wide row strips 23 provide light transmission, ventilation, and working passages for the paddy field.

[0132] The difference is that the surface of the wide row strip 23 is flush with the field surface and higher than the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough. One side of the wide row strip 23 forms the side wall of the drainage ditch 21, and the other side forms the trough wall 221, providing physical support and lodging resistance. The planting in the groove changes the stress environment of the rice plant base and solves the problem of easy lodging of cultivated rice.

[0133] Example 7 The field structure of the rice planting method disclosed in this embodiment is basically similar to that in Embodiment 1, both including field ridges 1 and a main paddy field 2. The main paddy field 2 is provided with several drainage ditches 21 and rice planting troughs 22 for planting rice. The rice planting trough 22 includes a trough wall 221, a planting trough shoulder 222 and a planting trough bottom surface 223 for planting rice. The planting trough bottom surface 223 is lower than the field surface. The depth of the drainage ditch 21 is greater than the depth of the rice planting trough 22, and the drainage ditch 21 and the rice planting trough 22 are connected.

[0134] The difference lies in the fact that the drainage ditch 21 is formed by tractor tracks. This invention, by adjusting the spacing of the tracks and the width of the rice planting troughs 22, etc., creates a suitable field structure for rice cultivation and tractor operation, including row widths. This embodiment retains the tractor tracks, which is beneficial because when the tractor returns to the field during subsequent cultivation periods, it can travel along the tracks and avoid veering off course.

[0135] Example 8 A rice cultivation method employing any one or more combinations of field structures from Examples 1-7, comprising the following steps: Step 1, Field structure construction: Drainage ditches and rice planting troughs for planting rice are dug on the main body 2 of the paddy field to form a field structure, such that the drainage ditch 21 is located inside or outside the rice planting trough 22, and the bottom of the drainage ditch 21 is lower than the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough. Step 2, Trough cultivation: Sow rice seedlings or rice seeds on the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough, avoiding the drainage ditch 21, and use the trough wall 221 to provide wind protection for the seedlings; Step 3, Water level control: Control the water level in the drainage ditch and the water level at the bottom of the planting trough. By controlling the water level in the drainage ditch and the rice planting trough, water management and tillering management at each stage of rice planting can be achieved. Step 4, Root Pruning and Tillering Control: During the middle / late stages of rice tillering, use a plow, rotary tiller, or soil loosening tool to till or deep loosen the soil at the shoulder of the planting trough (222mm) and the fertilizer storage trenches and aeration and drainage trenches at the bottom of the rice planting trough. Cut off the lateral roots of the rice plants to temporarily and appropriately block nutrient absorption to control ineffective tillering, strengthen the plants, and prepare for the later retaliatory rooting of rice. Spray with nutrient solution to prevent disease and / or enhance plant growth to increase yield.

[0136] Optionally, step 5, ridge construction and slope protection: Leave the loosened soil on the shoulder of the planting trough in place or slightly gather it inward to reserve a source of soft soil for subsequent ridge construction. At the same time, or before the rice grows to the jointing stage or before the rows close, push the soil from the shoulder of the planting trough into the rice planting trough to cover the base of the rice plant stems, forming a slope protection ridge.

[0137] In step 1, while constructing the field structure, several fertilizer storage trenches 41 are dug on the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough; In step 2, before or at the same time as sowing, liquid fertilizer is applied into the fertilizer storage trench 41, and the fertilizer storage trench 41 is used to guide the rice roots to grow deeper.

[0138] In step 1, ventilation and drainage grooves 42, 43, and 44 are also made on the bottom surface 223, the wall 221, or the shoulder 222 of the planting trough; In step 1, a wide row strip 23 for not planting rice is reserved in the rice planting trough 22; the wide row strip 23 is set between the drainage ditch 21 and the sowing area. In step 2, the sowing location should avoid the wide row zone 23.

[0139] Step 3, water level control also includes the following steps: (1) After rice sowing or transplanting, by carefully controlling the water retention in the drainage ditch and the slight dryness of the field surface, the rice seedlings are not subjected to drought stress, and the rice roots are guided to grow downwards, attracting golden apple snails to the drainage ditch, thus avoiding water from soaking the rice roots and attracting golden apple snails to eat them. (2) After the rice tillers reach the expected number, drain the water and use the height difference between the drainage ditch and the bottom of the planting trough to quickly drain the water and dry the field, inducing the roots to grow downwards; (3) Drain the water in the drainage ditch at the end of the rice tillering stage to dry the field. Use the breathable drainage ditch as a stress concentration point to make the soil crack at a preset position to increase the oxygen content and looseness of the deep soil. (4) After the field is dried, the water level is controlled by alternating between dry and wet irrigation or intermittent irrigation. The golden apple snails that come out of the drainage ditch are released by the re-watering and fertilization of the field after the field is dried and re-watered. The field is soaked with water for a few hours every few days, and the golden apple snails can eat the newly grown ineffective tillers, thus further strengthening the control of ineffective tillers. (5) During the heading stage, a water layer of 5-6 cm should be maintained to ensure water demand and meet the development of the panicle; (6) During the flowering and heading stage, maintain a shallow water layer of 3-5 cm or keep the plant moist to avoid causing the florets to degenerate.

[0140] (7) During the grain filling and maturation period, alternate between dry and wet irrigation or intermittent irrigation; that is, after each irrigation, the water will naturally dry out, and then irrigate again after 2-3 days to maintain root vitality.

[0141] (8) Before harvest, stop watering 7-10 days before harvest to prevent the soil from drying out too early or becoming too muddy.

[0142] The specific steps of step 4 are as follows: using machinery or manual labor to cut the shoulders 222 of the planting troughs on both sides of the higher position, backfilling the soil to the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough in the lower position, and at the same time retaining or excavating new drainage ditches 21 for later irrigation and drainage.

[0143] As one specific implementation method, the rice planting method includes the following steps: Step 1: Field Structure Construction Rotary tillage, soil breaking up, and leveling are carried out on the fields.

[0144] Using agricultural implements and / or agricultural machinery to form several side-by-side field structures, such as any one or more of the examples 1-7.

[0145] Rice planting troughs: Rice planting troughs 22 are dug out, and planting trough shoulders 222 naturally form on both sides of the rice planting trough, which are higher than the bottom of the trough. The rice planting trough 22 includes trough walls 221, planting trough shoulders 222, and a planting trough bottom surface 223 for planting rice; the planting trough bottom surface 223 is lower than the field surface.

[0146] Ditching: Drainage ditch 21 is dug inside or outside the rice planting trough 22. The depth of drainage ditch 21 is greater than the depth of rice planting trough 22, and drainage ditch 21 and rice planting trough 22 are connected.

[0147] Step 2: In-trough cultivation and side-deep fertilization Fertilization: Apply base fertilizer and / or liquid fertilizer to the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough, apply liquid fertilizer directly into the drainage ditch 21, or apply liquid fertilizer into the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough and / or apply liquid fertilizer into the fertilizer storage ditch 41 to supply fertilizer to the planting areas on both sides by utilizing the permeability of the soil.

[0148] Ditch-avoidance cultivation: Rice seedlings or rice seeds are planted in the rice planting area on the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough.

[0149] Step 3: Seedling stage furrow irrigation pipe mode Moistening seedlings: From sowing to the three-leaf stage, control the water level in the drainage ditch 21, keeping the water level in the drainage ditch but below the bottom surface 223 of the planting trough.

[0150] Shallow irrigation during the tillering stage: After the seedlings have established their stems, appropriately raise the water level to promote tillering.

[0151] Step 4, root pruning and tiller control: In the middle / late stage of rice tillering, use a plow, rotary tiller or soil loosening tool to turn over or deep loosen the soil on the shoulder of the planting trough, cut off the surface lateral roots of rice plants extending towards the shoulder of the planting trough, in order to control ineffective tillering and increase yield.

[0152] Step 5: Mid-term deep-ditch drying and deep root development Quick drainage: Once the number of tillers reaches the target, drain the water from the drainage ditch 21.

[0153] Inducing deep rooting: As the water level in the ditch drops, the groundwater level below the planting trough decreases rapidly, and the rice roots penetrate the bottom of the planting trough, extending into deeper soil and the bottom of the drainage ditch, forming a strong vertical root system.

[0154] Optionally, step 6, ridge construction and slope protection: Leave the loosened soil on the shoulder of the planting trough in place or slightly gather it inward to reserve soft soil for subsequent ridge construction. Before the rice reaches the jointing stage or closes the canopy, push the soil from the shoulder of the planting trough into the rice planting trough, covering the base of the rice plant stems to form a slope protection ridge.

[0155] Step 7: Post-continuation dry and wet alternation management Nourish roots and protect leaves: Use the retained drainage ditch 21 for alternating wet and dry irrigation. When irrigating, use a "running water" method to moisten the ridge surface, and when draining, allow the soil to dry and ventilate until maturity.

[0156] Harvesting: Water is cut off before harvesting, and the deep ditch structure hardens the field surface.

[0157] Example 9 like Figure 10 and 11As shown, a field structure for rice cultivation includes field ridges 1 and a main paddy field 2. The main paddy field 2 has several ridge-shaped wide rows 23, agricultural machinery tracks 24, and rice planting troughs 22 for planting rice. The rice planting trough 22 includes a trough wall 221 and a planting trough bottom surface 223 for planting rice. The planting trough bottom surface 223 is lower than the field surface. The ridge surface of the wide rows 23 is basically level with the field surface. The depth of the agricultural machinery tracks 24 is greater than the depth of the rice planting trough 22, and the agricultural machinery tracks 24 and the rice planting trough 22 are connected. The rice planting trough 22 and the wide rows 23 are alternately arranged. The agricultural machinery tracks 24 are arranged between the rice planting trough 22 and the wide rows 23 or within the rice planting trough 22.

[0158] It also includes a drainage ditch 21 dug on the wide row strip 23 of the ridge, the depth of the drainage ditch 21 being greater than the depth of the rice planting trough 22, and the drainage ditch 21 and the rice planting trough 22 being connected.

[0159] The bottom surface 223 of the planting trough and the wide row strip 23 are respectively provided with grooves for storing fertilizer, aeration, drainage and / or cracking after drying.

[0160] The bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is provided with 1 to 3 fertilizer storage trenches 41; the adjacent fertilizer storage trenches 41 form a rice planting area 224.

[0161] The bottom surface 223 of the planting trough is provided with 1 to 3 ventilation and drainage ditches 42; the ventilation and drainage ditches 42 are located between the fertilizer storage ditches 41.

[0162] The wide strip 23 is provided with 1 to 3 breathable drainage grooves 42.

[0163] A method for cultivating rice, wherein rice is planted in a field structure. Rice is cultivated using direct seeding, transplanting, or broadcasting methods. The rice is cultivated in the rice planting area at the bottom of a planting trough.

[0164] The rice planting method in this embodiment is basically the same as that in Embodiment 8, except for the following steps: Step 1: Field structure construction: On the main body of the paddy field, rice planting troughs and wide rows are dug out, and the ruts of agricultural machinery are preserved as drainage ditches, which are set between the rice planting troughs and the wide rows to form a field structure. The bottom of the drainage ditch is lower than the bottom of the planting trough.

[0165] Step 4, root pruning and tiller control: In the middle / late stage of rice tillering, use plows, rotary tillers or soil loosening tools to turn over or loosen the soil in the wide row strip, and dig drainage ditches in the wide row strip.

[0166] In step 4, use a plow, rotary tiller, or loosening blade to till or loosen the wide row strip, and dig drainage ditches in the wide row strip. Push the resulting soil into the rice planting trough and cover the base of the rice plant stems.

[0167] This embodiment has the beneficial effects of Embodiment 8. Furthermore, in this embodiment, drainage ditches are not dug in the primary field structure; instead, wheel ruts are used as drainage ditches. This approach simplifies the early sowing work and the later backfilling, root strengthening, and soil loosening. In addition, digging drainage ditches in the middle / late stages of rice tillering can better cut off the lateral roots of rice plants, temporarily and appropriately blocking nutrient absorption to control ineffective tillering, strengthen the plants, and prepare for the later retaliatory rooting of rice.

[0168] Example 10 like Figure 12 As shown, a field structure for direct-seeded rice includes field ridges 1 and a main paddy field 2. The main paddy field 2 has several wide-row strips 23 in the form of ridges and rice planting troughs 22 for planting rice. The rice planting trough 22 includes a trough wall 221 and a planting trough bottom surface 223 for planting rice. The planting trough bottom surface 223 is lower than the field surface. The ridge surface of the wide-row strips 23 is basically level with the field surface. The rice planting troughs 22 and wide-row strips 23 are arranged alternately. The field structure of this embodiment is suitable for direct-seeded rice cultivation. Rice is sown on the bottom of the planting trough. When the roots are cut off, drainage ditches are dug in the middle of the wide-row strips 23. The soil from the digging ditches falls into the rice planting troughs 22 and can be backfilled to strengthen the roots. The backfilled soil can block the buds of ineffective tillers, reducing ineffective tillers. In addition, this embodiment also has other beneficial effects disclosed in Embodiment 1.

[0169] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make other variations or modifications based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A field structure for rice cultivation, comprising field ridges and a main paddy field, characterized in that, The main body of the paddy field is provided with several rice planting troughs for planting rice; each rice planting trough includes a trough wall, a planting trough shoulder, and a planting trough bottom surface for planting rice; the bottom surface of the planting trough is lower than the field surface.

2. The field structure for rice cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The main body of the paddy field is provided with several drainage ditches and rice planting troughs for planting rice; the depth of the drainage ditches is greater than the depth of the rice planting troughs, and the drainage ditches and rice planting troughs are connected. Preferably, the drainage ditch is located inside the rice planting trough, and / or the drainage ditch is located on the outer side of the shoulder of the planting trough; preferably, the drainage ditch is a tractor rut.

3. The field structure for rice cultivation according to claim 2, characterized in that, The main body of the paddy field is provided with several planting units consisting of rice planting troughs, drainage ditches and wide rows arranged side by side; the wide rows are located outside the drainage ditches; Alternatively, the main body of the paddy field is provided with several planting units consisting of drainage ditches, wide rows, and rice planting troughs arranged side by side; the drainage ditches and wide rows are located within the rice planting troughs; the wide rows are located between the drainage ditches and the rice planting areas at the bottom of the planting troughs. The planting units are arranged side by side; Preferably, the surface of the wide row strip is basically flush with the bottom of the planting trough; or the surface of the wide row strip is basically flush with the field surface; or the surface of the wide row strip is higher than the bottom of the planting trough, with one side of the wide row strip forming the sidewall of the drainage ditch and the other side forming the trough wall.

4. A field structure for rice cultivation, comprising field ridges and a main paddy field, characterized in that, The paddy field is mainly composed of several wide-row ridges, drainage ditches, and rice planting troughs for planting rice. Each rice planting trough includes trough walls and a bottom surface for planting rice. The bottom surface of the planting trough is lower than the field surface. The ridge surfaces of the wide-row ridges are basically level with the field surface. The depth of the drainage ditches is greater than the depth of the rice planting troughs, and the drainage ditches and rice planting troughs are connected. The rice planting troughs and wide-row ridges are alternately arranged. The drainage ditches include agricultural machinery tracks and are located between the rice planting troughs and wide-row ridges. Alternatively, the main body of the paddy field is provided with several wide-row strips in the shape of ridges and rice planting troughs for planting rice; the rice planting trough includes trough walls and a planting trough bottom for planting rice; the bottom of the planting trough is lower than the field surface; the ridge surface of the wide-row strips is basically level with the field surface; the rice planting troughs and wide-row strips are arranged alternately.

5. The field structure for rice cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that, The bottom, walls, wide row strip, and / or shoulder of the planting trough are each provided with several grooves for storing fertilizer, aeration, drainage, and / or cracking after the field has been dried.

6. The field structure for rice cultivation according to claim 5, characterized in that, The bottom surface of the planting trough is provided with a fertilizer storage ditch; preferably, adjacent fertilizer storage ditches form a rice planting area; the bottom surface of the planting trough is provided with a breathable drainage ditch; preferably, the breathable drainage ditch is located between the fertilizer storage ditches.

7. The field structure for rice cultivation according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom of the trough wall, the shoulder of the planting trough, and / or the wide row are provided with breathable drainage grooves.

8. A method for planting rice, characterized in that, Rice is planted in the field structure described in any one of claims 1-7.

9. The rice planting method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The rice planting method includes the following steps: Step 1, Field structure construction: A rice planting trough for planting rice is opened on the main body of the paddy field to form the field structure described in any one of claims 1-7, wherein the bottom of the drainage ditch is lower than the bottom surface of the planting trough; Step 2, Trough cultivation: Sow rice seedlings or rice seeds on the bottom surface of the planting trough, and use the trough walls to provide wind protection for the seedlings; Step 3, Water level control: Control the water level in the drainage ditch and the water level at the bottom of the planting trough. By controlling the water level in the drainage ditch and the rice planting trough, water management and tillering management at each stage of rice planting can be achieved. Step 4, root pruning and tiller control: In the middle / late stages of rice tillering, use a plow, rotary tiller, or soil loosening tool to turn over or deeply loosen the soil, including the shoulders of the planting trough, and / or dig drainage ditches in the wide row strips to cut off the lateral roots of the rice plants. This will temporarily and appropriately block nutrient absorption to control ineffective tillering, strengthen the plants, and prepare them for the later retaliatory rooting of the rice. Spray with nutrient solutions to prevent disease and / or enhance plant growth to increase yield.

10. The rice planting method according to claim 9, characterized in that, The rice planting method also includes the following steps: In step 4, the soil, including the shoulder of the planting trough, is tilled or deep-loosened using a plow, rotary tiller, or tumbler and / or drainage ditches are dug in the wide row strip. The resulting soil is pushed into the rice planting trough and covers the base of the rice plant stems.

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