Crop growth optimization method for soil-atmospheric moisture coordinated regulation in arid region

Abstract

The invention discloses a crop growth optimization method for soil-atmospheric moisture coordinated regulation and control in an arid region, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural growth regulation and control. The method comprises the five steps of early-stage monitoring and threshold setting, soil moisture-salinity coordinated regulation and control, atmospheric moisture-temperature coordinated regulation and control, rhizosphere microorganism-nutrient coordinated activation and real-time feedback and dynamic adjustment. By constructing a soil-atmosphere-rhizosphere microenvironment multi-dimensional cooperative regulation and control system, the coupling operation of water supply, salt leaching, high-temperature cooling and microbial activation is realized. The problems of salt surface accumulation, high-temperature burning, insufficient microbial activity and the like caused by single water regulation in the prior art are solved, the soil water utilization rate and the crop stress resistance are improved, synchronous improvement of the crop yield and quality in the arid region is achieved, meanwhile, the soil ecological environment is improved, and the yield and quality of crops in the arid region are improved. The method is suitable for field crop planting in arid and semi-arid areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of agricultural growth regulation technology, specifically, it relates to a method for optimizing crop growth through synergistic regulation of soil-atmospheric moisture in arid regions. Background Technology

[0002] In agricultural production, soil nutrient status and microbial community structure are core factors affecting crop growth, development, yield, and quality. Soil nutrients, as the material basis for crop growth, determine the crop's nutrient supply through their content and proportion. Soil microorganisms, by participating in processes such as nutrient cycling, nutrient transformation, and disease suppression, indirectly influence the efficiency of nutrient absorption and utilization by crops. The synergistic effect of both is crucial for maintaining soil health and achieving high and stable crop yields; however, existing soil regulation methods have several limitations.

[0003] Agricultural stress in arid regions is not simply water shortage, but a synergistic superposition of abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperature and salinization. However, current technologies only focus on water regulation, completely ignoring the compound damage to crops caused by superimposed stresses and the need for coupled regulation measures.

[0004] First, the coupling effect of soil salt transport with water: drip irrigation and other water-saving irrigation methods easily cause salt accumulation on the soil surface, while high atmospheric temperatures exacerbate the toxic effects of salt ions on crop roots. Existing water regulation technologies do not simultaneously consider the need for salt leaching. Second, the superimposed effect of high temperature radiation and water stress: High atmospheric temperatures accelerate crop transpiration and water loss, while also damaging chlorophyll structure. Existing shading and cooling measures do not coordinate with the soil watering rhythm, resulting in inefficient problems such as cooling but water shortage or watering but high temperature burns. In view of this, this invention is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the basic concept of the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A method for optimizing crop growth through synergistic regulation of soil-atmospheric moisture in arid regions includes the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: Preliminary monitoring and threshold setting: Deploy a multi-parameter monitoring network in the crop planting area. The monitoring network includes soil moisture sensors, soil salinity sensors, atmospheric temperature and humidity sensors, crop transpiration rate sensors, and rhizosphere microbial activity monitoring devices.

[0008] Step S2: Coordinated regulation of soil moisture and salinity: Based on soil moisture and salinity data, switch between leaching-type drip irrigation mode and moisture-conserving drip irrigation mode;

[0009] Step S3: Coordinated regulation of atmospheric moisture and temperature: Based on data on atmospheric temperature and crop transpiration rate, switch between shading-atomization coordinated cooling mode, low-frequency atomization mode, or turn off the cooling device.

[0010] Step S4: Rhizosphere microorganism-nutrient synergistic activation: Apply a microbial-slow-release fertilizer compound preparation to the crop root zone. The compound preparation is composed of phosphorus-potassium solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and humic acid slow-release fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1:3. The timing of application is linked to the soil drip irrigation mode.

[0011] Step S5: Real-time feedback and dynamic adjustment: Collect monitoring data every 2 hours, compare with the control threshold, and dynamically adjust the control mode.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, based on the growth characteristics of the target crop, the following control thresholds are set: the suitable soil moisture threshold is 60%-75% of field capacity, the critical threshold for soil salinity is EC value ≤3.0dS / m, the suitable atmospheric temperature threshold is 25-32℃, and the suitable threshold for crop transpiration rate is 3-5mmol / (m²・s).

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific operation of the rinsing drip irrigation mode in step S2 is as follows: adopting a staged drip irrigation method, the first stage drip irrigation is carried out at a flow rate of 0.8-1.0L / (m²・h) for 2-3 hours, and after an interval of 4-6 hours, the second stage drip irrigation is started at a flow rate of 0.3-0.5L / (m²・h) for 1-2 hours.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific operation of the moisture-retaining drip irrigation mode in step S2 is as follows: drip irrigation is carried out at a flow rate of 0.4-0.6L / (m²・h) for 2-3 hours, while adding 0.1%-0.2% of potassium polyacrylate-humic acid composite water-retaining agent to the drip irrigation water.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific operation of the shading-atomization synergistic cooling mode in step S3 is as follows: a retractable shading net is built above the crop canopy, and the shading rate is adjusted to 40%-50%; at the same time, the canopy atomization device is activated, the atomized water droplet particle size is controlled to 50-100μm, and the atomization frequency is linked with the soil drip irrigation rhythm.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the application rate of the microbial-slow-release fertilizer compound preparation in step S4 is 20-30 kg / mu, and it is repeated every 15-20 days.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific rules for dynamic adjustment in step S5 are as follows: when the soil salinity EC value is below the critical threshold for 3 consecutive days, the rinsing drip irrigation mode is switched to the moisture-conserving drip irrigation mode; when the atmospheric temperature is below the lower limit of the suitable threshold for 5 consecutive days, the shading-atomization synergistic cooling mode is stopped; when the crop transpiration rate is stable within the suitable threshold range and the soil moisture is sufficient, the drip irrigation frequency is reduced to once every 3-5 days.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S2, when the soil moisture is within a suitable threshold range, after stopping drip irrigation, a mulch film needs to be laid on the soil surface. The mulch film is a perforated biodegradable mulch film with a light transmittance of 60%-70%.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0020] This invention breaks through the limitations of existing technologies that only regulate water, and constructs a multi-dimensional synergistic regulation system for soil moisture-salt, atmospheric moisture-temperature, and rhizosphere microorganisms-nutrients. It simultaneously solves the complex problems of salt accumulation on the surface, high temperature burn, and insufficient microbial activity in arid regions, and reduces the cumulative damage of abiotic stress to crops. Through the linkage design of drip irrigation mode and atomized cooling, it avoids the inefficient regulation phenomenon of water shortage due to cooling or water burn due to water replenishment.

[0021] This invention inhibits salt accumulation on the surface through leaching drip irrigation, while simultaneously applying a microbial-slow-release fertilizer compound preparation to effectively increase the number of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, promote soil nutrient transformation, reduce soil salinization, and achieve sustainable maintenance of soil health.

[0022] The specific embodiments of the present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0023] In the attached diagram:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for optimizing crop growth through the coordinated regulation of soil and atmospheric moisture in arid regions. Detailed Implementation

[0025] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are used to illustrate the present invention.

[0026] A method for optimizing crop growth through synergistic regulation of soil and atmospheric moisture in arid regions includes the following steps:

[0027] Step S1: Preliminary monitoring and threshold setting

[0028] Early monitoring and threshold setting are the foundation of coordinated regulation. The core objective is to acquire basic data on soil, atmosphere, crops, and rhizosphere through a multi-dimensional monitoring network, and to set scientific regulation thresholds based on the growth characteristics of the target crop, providing a basis for subsequent precise regulation. One of the core shortcomings of existing technologies is the single monitoring dimension and the lack of specificity in threshold setting. This step achieves precision in regulation benchmarks through a comprehensive monitoring network and crop-specific threshold design.

[0029] Specific operations

[0030] Monitoring network deployment: A multi-parameter monitoring network is deployed in the crop planting area, including soil moisture sensors, soil salinity sensors (monitoring EC values), atmospheric temperature and humidity sensors, crop transpiration rate sensors, and rhizosphere microbial activity monitoring devices to achieve real-time acquisition of five key indicators.

[0031] Control threshold setting: Based on the growth characteristics of the target crop (such as corn, wheat, and other major crops), the following control thresholds are set:

[0032] Suitable soil moisture threshold: 60%-75% of field capacity;

[0033] Critical threshold for soil salinity: EC value ≤ 3.0 dS / m;

[0034] Suitable atmospheric temperature threshold: 25-32℃;

[0035] The optimal threshold for crop transpiration rate is 3-5 mmol / (m²・s).

[0036] Step S2: Coordinated regulation of soil moisture and salinity

[0037] Soil moisture and salt transport exhibit a strong coupling effect; simply replenishing water can exacerbate salt accumulation on the surface, while simply leaching can lead to water waste. This step utilizes a dual-mode switching approach—"leaching-moisture-retention"—combined with the addition of water-retaining agents and mulch film coverage to achieve synergistic optimization of efficient water use and salt leaching: when soil salinity exceeds the standard, a phased high-flow leaching mode is used to leach salt below the crop root zone; when salinity is within the standard, a moisture-retaining drip irrigation mode is adopted to reduce water evaporation and seepage, while simultaneously enhancing moisture retention through water-retaining agents and mulch film.

[0038] Specific operations

[0039] Mode switching determination: Based on real-time data from soil moisture and salinity sensors, the control mode is determined.

[0040] When soil moisture is below the lower limit of the suitable threshold, or when soil salinity EC value is >3.0 dS / m, start the rinsing drip irrigation mode;

[0041] When soil moisture is within a suitable threshold range and soil salinity EC value is ≤3.0dS / m, a moisture-conserving drip irrigation mode should be adopted.

[0042] Operation of the rinsing drip irrigation mode: adopt a staged drip irrigation method. In the first stage, drip irrigation is carried out at a flow rate of 0.8-1.0L / (m²・h) for 2-3 hours. After an interval of 4-6 hours, the second stage of drip irrigation is started at a flow rate of 0.3-0.5L / (m²・h) for 1-2 hours. The salt is efficiently rinsed out through "high flow rate flushing + low flow rate immersion".

[0043] Operation of moisture-retaining drip irrigation mode: drip irrigation at a flow rate of 0.4-0.6L / (m²・h) for 2-3 hours, while adding 0.1%-0.2% of potassium polyacrylate-humic acid composite water-retaining agent to the drip irrigation water to enhance the soil's water retention capacity;

[0044] Mulching assistance: When soil moisture is within a suitable threshold range, after drip irrigation is stopped, cover the soil surface with a perforated biodegradable mulch film with a light transmittance of 60%-70% to reduce surface water evaporation and salt accumulation.

[0045] Step S3: Coordinated regulation of atmospheric moisture and temperature

[0046] The combined stress of high atmospheric temperatures and crop transpiration water loss creates a situation where existing cooling measures are not linked to crop water requirements. This step achieves simultaneous optimization of cooling and water replenishment through coordinated regulation and mode switching of "shading-atomization": during high temperatures, shading nets are used to reduce radiant heat, while fine-particle atomization is used to replenish water, both lowering canopy temperature and replenishing transpiration water loss; when the temperature is suitable, the atomization frequency is turned off or reduced to avoid water waste and the risk of diseases caused by high humidity.

[0047] Specific operations

[0048] Mode switching judgment: Based on data from atmospheric temperature sensor and crop transpiration rate sensor, switch control modes:

[0049] When the atmospheric temperature is >32℃ and the crop transpiration rate is >5mmol / (m²・s), the shading-atomization synergistic cooling mode is activated;

[0050] When the atmospheric temperature is between 25-32℃ and the crop transpiration rate is between 3-5 mmol / (m²・s), a low-frequency atomization mode should be used.

[0051] When the atmospheric temperature is <25℃ and the crop transpiration rate is <3mmol / (m²・s), turn off the cooling device;

[0052] Shading-atomization synergistic cooling mode operation: Build a retractable shading net above the crop canopy, and adjust the shading rate to 40%-50%; at the same time, start the canopy atomization device, control the atomized water droplet size to 50-100μm, and link the atomization frequency with the soil drip irrigation rhythm (increase the atomization frequency on drip irrigation days and decrease the frequency on non-drip irrigation days).

[0053] Low-frequency atomization mode operation: Only the canopy atomization device is activated, and the atomization frequency is 50% of the synergistic cooling mode to maintain stable humidity in the canopy microenvironment.

[0054] Step S4: Rhizosphere Microbe-Nutrient Synergistic Activation

[0055] Drought stress reduces rhizosphere microbial activity, leading to decreased soil nutrient conversion efficiency and insufficient crop resistance. This step utilizes a specialized compound formulation applied in conjunction with drip irrigation to achieve synergistic microbial activation and slow nutrient release: the phosphorus- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria and nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the compound formulation enhance soil nutrient availability, while the slow-release humic acid fertilizer slowly releases nutrients. Furthermore, the timing of application is synchronized with drip irrigation, utilizing the drip irrigation water to create a humid environment suitable for microbial growth and strengthen the activation effect.

[0056] Specific operations

[0057] Compound formulation: The microbial-slow-release fertilizer compound formulation is made by mixing phosphorus-solubilizing and potassium-solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and humic acid slow-release fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1:3, which has both microbial activation and nutrient supply functions.

[0058] Application parameters: The application rate is 20-30 kg / mu, and the application is repeated every 15-20 days;

[0059] Linked control: The timing of application is linked to the soil drip irrigation mode, and the application of the preparation is completed within 1 hour after the start of drip irrigation. The drip irrigation water carries the preparation into the root zone and optimizes the microbial growth environment.

[0060] Step S5: Real-time feedback and dynamic adjustment

[0061] The core of coordinated regulation lies in dynamically adapting to changes in the environment and crops. Existing technologies lack real-time feedback mechanisms, leading to rigid regulation. This step achieves dynamic optimization of each regulation mode through high-frequency data collection and clear switching rules, ensuring that regulation measures always match actual needs and avoiding "one-size-fits-all" regulation.

[0062] Specific operations

[0063] Data collection frequency: All indicator data of the monitoring network are collected every 2 hours to form a dynamic database;

[0064] Dynamic adjustment rules:

[0065] Soil salinity control: When the soil salinity EC value is below the critical threshold (≤3.0dS / m) for 3 consecutive days, switch the rinsing drip irrigation mode to the moisture-retaining drip irrigation mode;

[0066] Temperature control: When the atmospheric temperature is below the lower limit of the suitable threshold (<25℃) for 5 consecutive days, the shading-atomization synergistic cooling mode will be stopped;

[0067] Drip irrigation frequency control: When the crop transpiration rate is stable within the appropriate threshold range (3-5 mmol / (m²・s)) and the soil moisture is sufficient (field water holding capacity 60%-75%), reduce the drip irrigation frequency to once every 3-5 days.

[0068] Abnormal adjustment: When the activity of rhizosphere microorganisms is detected to be below the threshold (a decrease of 30% from the initial value), increase the application frequency of the microbial-slow-release fertilizer compound preparation to once every 10-15 days.

[0069] Example 1: Application in corn planting

[0070] Step 1: Preliminary monitoring and threshold setting

[0071] A multi-parameter monitoring network was set up: one set of soil moisture sensor and soil salinity sensor was set up for every 2 mu, atmospheric temperature and humidity sensor and crop transpiration rate sensor were set up above the canopy, and one set of rhizosphere microbial activity monitoring device was set up for every 5 mu.

[0072] Set the control thresholds as follows: the suitable soil moisture is 60%-75% (16.8%-21.0%) of field capacity, the critical threshold for soil salinity EC value is ≤3.0 dS / m, the suitable atmospheric temperature is 25-32℃, and the suitable threshold for crop transpiration rate is 3-5 mmol / (m²・s).

[0073] Step 2: Coordinated regulation of soil moisture and salinity

[0074] Seedling stage (late April to early May): Soil EC value 3.5 dS / m > 3.0 dS / m, start the leaching drip irrigation mode: in the first stage, drip irrigation at a flow rate of 0.9 L / (m²・h) for 2.5 h, after an interval of 5 h, in the second stage, drip irrigation at a flow rate of 0.4 L / (m²・h) for 1.5 h, after leaching twice, the soil EC value drops to 2.8 dS / m.

[0075] From the jointing stage to the grouting stage (mid-May to late July): maintain soil moisture at 18%-20% and adopt a moisture-retaining drip irrigation mode: drip irrigation at a flow rate of 0.5L / (m²・h) for 2.5 hours, add 0.15% potassium polyacrylate-humic acid composite water-retaining agent to the drip irrigation water; after drip irrigation, cover with perforated biodegradable mulch with a light transmittance of 65%.

[0076] Step 3: Coordinated regulation of atmospheric moisture and temperature

[0077] Grain filling period (mid-July to early August): The atmospheric temperature reaches 34-36℃ for 7 consecutive days, and the crop transpiration rate is 6.1mmol / (m²・s). The shading-atomization synergistic cooling mode is activated: the shading net has a shading rate of 45%, the canopy atomization device has a droplet size of 80μm, and atomization is performed once every 2 hours (15min each time) on drip irrigation days and once every 4 hours on non-drip irrigation days.

[0078] Maturity period (mid-August): When the atmospheric temperature drops to 23-28℃, turn off the shading-atomizing device and maintain low-frequency atomization (once a day).

[0079] Step 4: Rhizosphere microbe-nutrient synergistic activation

[0080] Compound formulation: Phosphorus- and potassium-solubilizing bacteria: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria: Humic acid slow-release fertilizer = 1:1:3 (mass ratio).

[0081] Application method: Apply 25 kg / mu for the first time during the seedling stage (late April), and then apply once every 18 days for a total of 4 times. Each application should be completed within 1 hour after the start of drip irrigation and carried into the root zone with the drip irrigation water.

[0082] Step 5: Real-time feedback and dynamic adjustment

[0083] Data was collected every 2 hours. During the grain-filling stage, the crop transpiration rate was stable at 4.3 mmol / (m²・s) and the soil moisture was 20%. The drip irrigation frequency was adjusted to once every 4 days. The soil salinity EC value was stable at 2.6 dS / m for 3 consecutive days, and the moisture-conserving drip irrigation mode was maintained.

[0084] Example 1 Test Results

[0085] Corn yield: 892 kg / mu, a significant increase compared to traditional methods;

[0086] Grain protein content: 11.8%, an increase of 15.7% compared to conventional planting;

[0087] Post-harvest soil EC value: 2.4 dS / m, a decrease of 31.4% compared to the initial value;

[0088] Number of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere: 1.2 × 10⁻⁶ 7 CFU / g soil increased by 280% compared to before planting;

[0089] Soil moisture use efficiency: 42.3%, an increase of 35.6% compared to traditional drip irrigation;

[0090] High-temperature burn rate: 3.2%, far lower than the 18.5% of conventional planting.

[0091] Comparative Example 1: Single water regulation (without synergistic measures)

[0092] Operation method

[0093] Monitoring method: Only soil moisture sensors are deployed, and the suitable soil moisture is set at 60%-75% of field capacity. There is no monitoring of salinity, temperature, or microorganisms.

[0094] Irrigation mode: Conventional single-stage drip irrigation is adopted, with a flow rate of 0.6L / (m²・h) and a drip irrigation time of 3 hours. There is no rinsing mode, no water-retaining agent is added, and no mulch is covered. The drip irrigation frequency is fixed at once every 2 days.

[0095] Temperature control: No shading-atomizing device, only manual water spraying to cool down when the temperature is >38℃ (once a day, without linkage).

[0096] Rhizosphere regulation: Do not apply microbial-slow-release fertilizer compound preparations, only apply conventional compound fertilizer (50 kg / mu) as a base fertilizer before sowing.

[0097] Dynamic adjustment: No real-time feedback adjustment, and fixed irrigation and fertilization schemes are used throughout the process.

[0098] Comparative Example 1 Test Results

[0099] Corn yield: 728 kg / mu, 18.4% lower than in Example 1;

[0100] Grain protein content: 10.2%, 13.6% lower than in Example 1;

[0101] Post-harvest soil EC value: 4.1 dS / m, an increase of 17.1% compared to the initial value (salt accumulation).

[0102] Number of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere: 3.1 × 10⁻⁶ 6 CFU / g soil increased by 55% compared to before planting;

[0103] Soil moisture use efficiency: 31.2%, 26.2% lower than in Example 1;

[0104] High-temperature burn rate: 18.5%, which is 478% higher than that of Example 1.

[0105] Comparative Example 2: Moisture and Salinity Regulation (without atmospheric and microbial synergy)

[0106] Operation method

[0107] Monitoring methods: Soil moisture sensors and soil salinity sensors were deployed, but atmospheric temperature and humidity, transpiration rate and microbial monitoring were not performed; Irrigation mode: Soil moisture-salt synergistic regulation as in Example 1 (switching between leaching and moisture-retaining types, adding water-retaining agents, and covering with mulch); Temperature regulation: Only a fixed shade net (shading rate of 40%) was erected, without atomizing devices, and not linked with drip irrigation; Rhizosphere regulation: No microbial-slow-release fertilizer compound preparation was applied, only conventional compound fertilizer (50 kg / mu) was applied as basal fertilizer and urea (20 kg / mu, once at the jointing stage) was applied as topdressing.

[0108] Dynamic adjustment: The irrigation mode is adjusted only based on soil moisture and salinity, without linkage adjustment with temperature and transpiration rate.

[0109] Comparative Example 2 Experimental Results

[0110] Corn yield: 795 kg / mu, 10.9% lower than in Example 1;

[0111] Grain protein content: 10.8%, 8.5% lower than in Example 1;

[0112] Post-harvest soil EC value: 2.7 dS / m, 12.5% ​​higher than in Example 1;

[0113] Number of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere: 5.3 × 10⁻⁶ 6 The cfu / g soil concentration was 55.8% lower than that in Example 1.

[0114] Soil moisture use efficiency: 36.8%, 13.0% lower than in Example 1;

[0115] High-temperature burn rate: 8.7%, which is 171.9% higher than that of Example 1.

[0116] Comparative Example 3: Moisture and Temperature Regulation (Salt-Free and Microbial Synergy)

[0117] Operation and monitoring methods: Soil moisture sensors and atmospheric temperature and humidity sensors are deployed, without monitoring of salinity, transpiration rate and microorganisms; Irrigation mode: Conventional single-stage drip irrigation (same as Comparative Example 1), without rinsing mode, without adding water-retaining agents, and without covering with mulch film; Temperature control: Same as atmospheric moisture-temperature coordinated control in Example 1.

[0118] Rhizosphere regulation: Do not apply microbial-slow-release fertilizer compound preparations, apply conventional compound fertilizer as basal fertilizer (50 kg / mu).

[0119] Dynamic adjustment: The shading-fogging mode is adjusted only according to the atmospheric temperature, with no salt or microbial feedback.

[0120] Comparative Example 3 Test Results

[0121] Corn yield: 756 kg / mu, 15.2% lower than in Example 1;

[0122] Grain protein content: 10.5%, 11.0% lower than in Example 1;

[0123] Post-harvest soil EC value: 3.8 dS / m, an increase of 8.6% compared to the initial value;

[0124] Number of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere: 3.5 × 10⁻⁶ 6 The cfu / g soil concentration was 70.8% lower than that in Example 1.

[0125] Soil moisture use efficiency: 33.5%, 20.8% lower than in Example 1;

[0126] High-temperature burn rate: 6.8%, which is 112.5% ​​higher than that of Example 1.

[0127] Example 1 (the present invention) solves the problems of salt accumulation, high temperature burn, and insufficient microbial activity caused by single or partial regulation in existing technologies through multi-dimensional synergistic regulation of soil, atmosphere and rhizosphere. It is significantly superior to the comparative example in terms of yield, quality, soil health and resource utilization.

[0128] Comparative Example 1 (single water regulation) suffered from severe salt accumulation and high-temperature burns due to the lack of synergistic measures involving salt, temperature, and microorganisms, resulting in the lowest yield and water use efficiency, thus verifying the limitations of single regulation.

[0129] Although Comparative Examples 2 and 3 supplemented some synergistic measures, they still suffered from low yield and insufficient improvement in soil health due to the lack of atmospheric-water linkage or rhizosphere microbial activation, further demonstrating the necessity of the multi-dimensional synergistic system of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing crop growth through synergistic regulation of soil-atmosphere moisture in arid regions, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Preliminary monitoring and threshold setting: Deploy a multi-parameter monitoring network in the crop planting area. The monitoring network includes soil moisture sensors, soil salinity sensors, atmospheric temperature and humidity sensors, crop transpiration rate sensors, and rhizosphere microbial activity monitoring devices. Step S2: Coordinated regulation of soil moisture and salinity: Based on soil moisture and salinity data, switch between leaching-type drip irrigation mode and moisture-conserving drip irrigation mode; Step S3: Coordinated regulation of atmospheric moisture and temperature: Based on data on atmospheric temperature and crop transpiration rate, switch between shading-atomization coordinated cooling mode, low-frequency atomization mode, or turn off the cooling device. Step S4: Rhizosphere microorganism-nutrient synergistic activation: Apply a microbial-slow-release fertilizer compound preparation to the crop root zone. The compound preparation is composed of phosphorus-potassium solubilizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and humic acid slow-release fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1:

3. The timing of application is linked to the soil drip irrigation mode. Step S5: Real-time feedback and dynamic adjustment: Collect monitoring data every 2 hours, compare with the control threshold, and dynamically adjust the control mode.

2. The method for optimizing crop growth in arid regions through synergistic regulation of soil-atmosphere moisture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, In step S1, based on the growth characteristics of the target crop, the following control thresholds are set: the suitable soil moisture threshold is 60%-75% of field capacity, the critical threshold for soil salinity is EC value ≤3.0dS / m, the suitable atmospheric temperature threshold is 25-32℃, and the suitable threshold for crop transpiration rate is 3-5mmol / (m²・s).

3. The method for optimizing crop growth in arid regions through synergistic regulation of soil-atmosphere moisture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operation of the rinsing drip irrigation mode in step S2 is as follows: adopt a staged drip irrigation method. In the first stage, drip irrigation is carried out at a flow rate of 0.8-1.0L / (m²・h) for 2-3 hours. After an interval of 4-6 hours, the second stage of drip irrigation is started at a flow rate of 0.3-0.5L / (m²・h) for 1-2 hours.

4. The method for optimizing crop growth in arid regions through synergistic regulation of soil-atmosphere moisture as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operation of the moisture-retaining drip irrigation mode in step S2 is as follows: drip irrigation is carried out at a flow rate of 0.4-0.6 L / (m²・h) for 2-3 hours, while adding 0.1%-0.2% of potassium polyacrylate-humic acid composite water-retaining agent to the drip irrigation water.

5. The method for optimizing crop growth in arid regions through synergistic regulation of soil-atmosphere moisture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific operation of the shading-atomization synergistic cooling mode described in step S3 is as follows: a retractable shading net is erected above the crop canopy, and the shading rate is adjusted to 40%-50%; at the same time, the canopy atomization device is activated, the atomized water droplet particle size is controlled to 50-100μm, and the atomization frequency is linked with the soil drip irrigation rhythm.

6. The method for optimizing crop growth in arid regions through synergistic regulation of soil-atmosphere moisture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The application rate of the microbial-slow-release fertilizer compound preparation in step S4 is 20-30 kg / mu, and it is repeated every 15-20 days.

7. The method for optimizing crop growth in arid regions through synergistic regulation of soil-atmosphere moisture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The specific rules for dynamic adjustment in step S5 are as follows: when the soil salinity EC value is below the critical threshold for 3 consecutive days, switch the rinsing drip irrigation mode to the moisture-conserving drip irrigation mode; when the atmospheric temperature is below the lower limit of the suitable threshold for 5 consecutive days, stop the shading-atomization synergistic cooling mode; when the crop transpiration rate is stable within the suitable threshold range and the soil moisture is sufficient, reduce the drip irrigation frequency to once every 3-5 days.

8. The method for optimizing crop growth in arid regions through synergistic regulation of soil-atmosphere moisture according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step S2, when the soil moisture is within a suitable threshold range, after stopping drip irrigation, a mulch film needs to be laid on the soil surface. The mulch film is a perforated biodegradable mulch film with a light transmittance of 60%-70%.

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