Dairy cow feeding method capable of reducing and controlling saturated fatty acid in raw milk in targeted manner

Abstract

The invention discloses a dairy cow feeding method capable of reducing and controlling saturated fatty acid in raw milk in a targeted manner, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing a mixed ration which comprises a basic ration and an additive; the additives comprise a ponkan peel-bo-chrysanthemum-boxthorn leaf compound extract, linseed oil, lysine and nicotinic acid; (2) feeding the dairy cows with mixed daily ration every day by adopting a feeding method of free feeding and water drinking; the temperature of the cowshed is controlled to be 10-16 DEG C, a good ventilation environment is kept, and bed bedding is replaced regularly; and (3) starting to add conjugated linoleic acid into the mixed ration after 6-8 days after delivery. When the method is used for feeding the dairy cows, the content of saturated fatty acid in raw milk can be remarkably reduced, and the core is that the rumen function is optimized through regulation and control of daily ration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of dairy cow feeding technology, and in particular to a method for dairy cow feeding that targets and controls the reduction of saturated fatty acids in raw milk. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of my country's national economy and the improvement of people's living standards, people's needs for food have shifted from simple physiological needs to a focus on balanced diets, food safety, and high quality and taste. Dairy products, as an important component of the human diet, have long received widespread attention for their nutritional value and health benefits. Raw milk is rich in fat, protein, vitamins, and minerals. Milk fat is not only an energy source but also a key component determining the flavor, texture, and processing characteristics of dairy products. However, with the deepening of modern nutritional and epidemiological research, the correlation between saturated fatty acid intake in milk fat and chronic metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and insulin resistance has received increasing attention. The World Health Organization and dietary guidelines from many countries recommend that saturated fatty acid intake should be controlled below 10% of total energy intake to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Against this backdrop, how to reduce the saturated fatty acid content in raw milk and increase the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids through feeding and management methods has become a hot topic and a challenge in dairy scientific research and production practice. Summary of the Invention

[0003] Therefore, the present invention provides a method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk in dairy cows, the preparation method of which includes: (1) A mixed diet is prepared, wherein the mixed diet includes a basal diet and additives; the additives include a compound extract of ponkan peel-chrysanthemum-goji leaf, flaxseed oil, lysine, and niacin; (2) Dairy cows are fed free access to feed and water, and are fed a mixed diet every day; the temperature in the cowshed is controlled at 10-16℃, a good ventilation environment is maintained, and the bedding is changed regularly; (3) Starting from the 6th to 8th day postpartum, conjugated linoleic acid should be added to the mixed diet; The preparation method of the Ponkan orange peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-Lycium barbarum leaf composite extract is as follows: Step 1: Chop the tangerine peel and chrysanthemum separately and mix them to form a mixture. Add the mixture to an ethanol-water solution and heat it in a water bath for extraction. During the extraction process, use ultrasonic vibration. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases. Add the solid phase back to the ethanol-water solution and repeat the above extraction steps. Combine the two liquid phases, remove the ethanol by vacuum rotary evaporation, add deionized water, stir and wash, concentrate under reduced pressure, and freeze dry to obtain the crude extract. Step 2: Add wolfberry leaf powder to deionized water and extract by heating in a water bath. During the extraction process, ultrasonic treatment is performed. After extraction, solid and liquid are separated, and the liquid phase is concentrated under vacuum. Then, glucose is added and stirred to obtain an extract. The crude extract is added to the extract and heated in a water bath to 75-85°C. The mixture is kept warm and stirred, and refluxed during the warming process. After the warming process, it is freeze-dried to obtain the Ponkan peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-wolfberry leaf composite extract.

[0004] Furthermore, the hay is a mixture of one or more of alfalfa, ryegrass, or sheep grass in any proportion.

[0005] Furthermore, the basal diet is configured with different component contents for the early, middle, and late stages. The early stage is defined as 60 days before delivery, the middle stage as the period after delivery (postpartum to 21 days), and the late stage as the peak lactation period after 21 days postpartum. The mass percentages of each component in the early stage diet are: hay 35.74%, corn silage 34.53%, soybean meal 9.35%, wheat bran 3.5%, flaked corn 10.25%, beet meal 2.23%, cottonseed 2.55%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The mass percentages of each component in the middle stage diet are as follows: The percentages are as follows: hay 30.85%, corn silage 27.45%, soybean meal 12.58%, flaked corn 20.26%, beet meal 5.15%, cottonseed 1.86%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The mass percentages of each component in the later-stage diet are as follows: hay 31.05%, corn silage 27.15%, soybean meal 12.58%, wheat bran 2.2%, flaked corn 18.66%, beet meal 4.57%, cottonseed 1.62%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.52%.

[0006] Furthermore, the components in the additive are, by weight, 50 parts of Ponkan peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-Goji leaf compound extract, 10-15 parts of flaxseed oil, 5-8 parts of lysine, and 1-6 parts of niacin.

[0007] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the basal diet to the additives in the mixed diet is basal diet: additives = 100: 1 to 3.

[0008] Furthermore, the amount of conjugated linoleic acid added is 130-136 g / head / day.

[0009] Further, in step one, the mass ratio of the tangerine peel and chrysanthemum is tangerine peel: chrysanthemum = 10:4-10; the mass ratio of the mixture added to the ethanol aqueous solution is mixture: ethanol aqueous solution = 1g: 20-30mL, wherein the volume percentage of ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution is 80%-85%; the extraction temperature is 45-50℃, the extraction time is 30-40min; and the ultrasonic power is 100-150W.

[0010] Furthermore, in step two, the ratio of wolfberry leaf powder to deionized water is wolfberry leaf powder:deionized water = 1g:20-25mL, the water bath is heated to 40-45℃, and the extraction is carried out for 15-20 minutes. The ultrasonic power is 200-250W.

[0011] Furthermore, the ratio of glucose added to the liquid phase after vacuum concentration is glucose:liquid phase = 0.3-0.5g:10mL, and the ratio of crude extract added to the extract solution is crude extract:extract solution = 0.6-0.8g:5-6mL.

[0012] Furthermore, the humidity in the cattle shed is controlled at 45%–50%.

[0013] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Feeding dairy cows using the method described herein can significantly reduce the saturated fatty acid content in raw milk. The core of this method is to optimize rumen function through dietary regulation; relatively increasing the content of alfalfa, ryegrass, or sheepgrass hay in the diet while reducing the relative content of rapidly fermenting grains such as corn and barley, thus avoiding excessively low rumen pH that inhibits fiber-degrading bacteria and increases endogenous saturated fatty acid synthesis, maintaining rumen health and fiber digestibility. Adding conjugated linoleic acid can inhibit mammary fatty acid synthase (FASN), reducing milk fat percentage and saturated fatty acid content, and increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Adding the additives prepared according to this invention to the basal diet utilizes the compound extract of ponkan peel-chrysanthemum-goji berry leaves to enhance antioxidant activity, protect gastrointestinal health, improve animal digestion and absorption, increase feed utilization efficiency, improve the rumen microbial environment, optimize fatty acid hydrogenation pathways, and reduce saturated fatty acid accumulation; flaxseed oil and lysine improve mammary gland metabolism, reducing saturated fatty acid synthesis; and niacin alleviates metabolic stress, reducing the release of saturated fatty acids due to body fat mobilization. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a comparison chart showing the saturated fatty acid content in raw milk obtained after feeding dairy cows using the methods described in the various embodiments and comparative examples. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the embodiments. Example 1

[0016] A method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk in dairy cows, the preparation method of which includes: (1) A mixed diet is prepared, comprising a basal diet and supplements; the basal diet is prepared according to the early, middle, and late stages, with different contents of each component: an early stage diet, a middle stage diet, and a late stage diet; the early stage is from 60 days before delivery to delivery, and the early stage diet is fed; the middle stage is from the end of the peripartum period, i.e., 21 days postpartum, and the middle stage diet is fed; the late stage is the peak lactation period after 21 days postpartum, and the late stage diet is fed; the mass percentage of each component in the early stage diet is: hay 3 The composition of the intermediate-term diet is as follows: hay 30.74%, corn silage 34.53%, soybean meal 9.35%, wheat bran 3.5%, flaked corn 10.25%, beet meal 2.23%, cottonseed 2.55%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The diet consisted of the following components: beet meal 5.15%, cottonseed 1.86%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The mass percentages of each component in the later stages of the diet were: hay 31.05%, corn silage 27.15%, soybean meal 12.58%, wheat bran 2.2%, flaked corn 18.66%, beet meal 4.57%, cottonseed 1.62%, baking soda 0.08%, and sodium chloride 0.2%. 5%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, dicalcium phosphate 0.52%; the hay used in this embodiment is alfalfa; the additives include a compound extract of ponkan peel-chrysanthemum-goji leaf, linseed oil, lysine, and niacin; the components of the additives by weight are: 50 parts of ponkan peel-chrysanthemum-goji leaf compound extract, 10 parts of linseed oil, 5 parts of lysine, and 1 part of niacin; the mass ratio of the basal diet to the additives in the mixed diet is basal diet: additives = 100:1; (2) The dairy cows are fed with free access to feed and water, and are fed the mixed diet described above three times a day, at 8:00 am, 4:00 pm and 8:00 pm. The temperature in the cowshed is controlled within the range of 13±3℃ to avoid heat stress, which can lead to decreased rumen function and increased body fat mobilization, significantly increasing the content of saturated fatty acids in milk. The humidity is controlled within the range of 45% to 50%, and a good ventilation environment is maintained. A 10cm thick layer of rice husks is used as bedding material, which is changed regularly once a week. During the feeding process, frequent herding, rough driving, noise and mixing of herds are avoided to reduce stress-induced hormonal disorders and abnormal fat metabolism. (3) Starting from the 7th day postpartum, conjugated linoleic acid was added to the mixed diet at a rate of 130g / head / day; The preparation method of the Ponkan orange peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-Lycium barbarum leaf composite extract is as follows: Step 1: Chop the tangerine peel and chrysanthemum separately and mix them to form a mixture. The mass ratio of tangerine peel to chrysanthemum is 10:4. Add the mixture to an ethanol-water solution at a ratio of 1g:20mL, where the volume percentage of ethanol in the ethanol-water solution is 80%. Heat the solution in a water bath to 45°C and keep it warm for 40 minutes. During the extraction process, use ultrasonic vibration at a power of 150W. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases. Add the solid phase back to the ethanol-water solution and repeat the above extraction steps. Combine the two liquid phases, remove the ethanol by vacuum rotary evaporation, add deionized water, stir and wash, concentrate under reduced pressure, and freeze dry to obtain the crude extract. Step 2: Add wolfberry leaf powder to deionized water at a ratio of 1g wolfberry leaf powder to 20mL deionized water. Heat in a water bath to 40℃ and extract for 20 minutes, using ultrasonic treatment at a power of 200W. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases. Concentrate the liquid phase under vacuum to half its original volume, then add glucose at a ratio of 0.3g glucose to 10mL. Stir and mix to obtain an extract. Add the crude extract to the extract at a ratio of 0.6g crude extract to 5mL extract. Heat in a water bath to 75℃ and stir for 30 minutes, refluxing during the heating process. After the heating is complete, freeze-dry to obtain the Ponkan peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-wortberry leaf composite extract. Example 2

[0017] A method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk in dairy cows, the preparation method of which includes: (1) A mixed diet is prepared, comprising a basal diet and supplements; the basal diet is prepared according to the early, middle, and late stages, with different contents of each component: an early stage diet, a middle stage diet, and a late stage diet; the early stage is from 60 days before delivery to delivery, and the early stage diet is fed; the middle stage is from the end of the peripartum period, i.e., 21 days postpartum, and the middle stage diet is fed; the late stage is the peak lactation period after 21 days postpartum, and the late stage diet is fed; the mass percentage of each component in the early stage diet is: hay 3 The composition of the intermediate-term diet is as follows: hay 30.74%, corn silage 34.53%, soybean meal 9.35%, wheat bran 3.5%, flaked corn 10.25%, beet meal 2.23%, cottonseed 2.55%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The diet consisted of the following components: beet meal 5.15%, cottonseed 1.86%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The mass percentages of each component in the later stages of the diet were: hay 31.05%, corn silage 27.15%, soybean meal 12.58%, wheat bran 2.2%, flaked corn 18.66%, beet meal 4.57%, cottonseed 1.62%, baking soda 0.08%, and sodium chloride 0.25%. The feed consisted of 0.2% magnesium oxide, 1.12% limestone powder, and 0.52% dicalcium phosphate. The hay used in this embodiment was ryegrass. The additives included a compound extract of ponkan peel, chrysanthemum, and wolfberry leaves, linseed oil, lysine, and niacin. The components in the additives, by weight, were: 50 parts ponkan peel-chrysanthemum-wolfberry leaf compound extract, 12 parts linseed oil, 6 parts lysine, and 3 parts niacin. The mass ratio of the basal diet to the additives in the mixed diet was basal diet: additives = 100:2. (2) The dairy cows are fed with free access to feed and water, and are fed the mixed diet described above three times a day, at 8:00 am, 4:00 pm and 8:00 pm. The temperature in the cowshed is controlled within the range of 13±3℃ to avoid heat stress, which can lead to decreased rumen function and increased body fat mobilization, significantly increasing the content of saturated fatty acids in milk. The humidity is controlled within the range of 45% to 50%, and a good ventilation environment is maintained. A 10cm thick layer of rice husks is used as bedding material, which is changed regularly once a week. During the feeding process, frequent herding, rough driving, noise and mixing of herds are avoided to reduce stress-induced hormonal disorders and abnormal fat metabolism. (3) Starting from the 7th day postpartum, conjugated linoleic acid was added to the mixed diet at a rate of 133g / head / day; The preparation method of the Ponkan orange peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-Lycium barbarum leaf composite extract is as follows: Step 1: Chop the tangerine peel and chrysanthemum separately and mix them to form a mixture. The mass ratio of tangerine peel to chrysanthemum is 10:6. Add the mixture to an ethanol-water solution at a ratio of 1g:20mL, where the volume percentage of ethanol in the ethanol-water solution is 80%. Heat the solution in a water bath to 45°C and keep it warm for 40 minutes. During the extraction process, use ultrasonic vibration at a power of 150W. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases. Add the solid phase back to the ethanol-water solution and repeat the above extraction steps. Combine the two liquid phases, remove the ethanol by vacuum rotary evaporation, add deionized water, stir and wash, concentrate under reduced pressure, and freeze-dry to obtain the crude extract. Step 2: Add wolfberry leaf powder to deionized water at a ratio of 1g wolfberry leaf powder to 20mL deionized water. Heat in a water bath to 40℃ and extract for 20 minutes, using ultrasonic treatment at a power of 200W. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases. Concentrate the liquid phase under vacuum to half its original volume, then add glucose at a ratio of 0.4g glucose to 10mL. Stir and mix to obtain an extract. Add the crude extract to the extract at a ratio of 0.7g crude extract to 5mL extract. Heat in a water bath to 80℃ and stir for 30 minutes, refluxing during the heating process. After the heating is complete, freeze-dry to obtain the Ponkan peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-wortberry leaf composite extract. Example 3

[0018] A method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk in dairy cows, the preparation method of which includes: (1) A mixed diet is prepared, comprising a basal diet and supplements; the basal diet is prepared according to the early, middle, and late stages, with different contents of each component: an early stage diet, a middle stage diet, and a late stage diet; the early stage is from 60 days before delivery to delivery, and the early stage diet is fed; the middle stage is from the end of the peripartum period, i.e., 21 days postpartum, and the middle stage diet is fed; the late stage is the peak lactation period after 21 days postpartum, and the late stage diet is fed; the mass percentage of each component in the early stage diet is: hay 3 The composition of the intermediate-term diet is as follows: hay 30.74%, corn silage 34.53%, soybean meal 9.35%, wheat bran 3.5%, flaked corn 10.25%, beet meal 2.23%, cottonseed 2.55%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The diet consisted of the following components: beet meal 5.15%, cottonseed 1.86%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The mass percentages of each component in the later stages of the diet were: hay 31.05%, corn silage 27.15%, soybean meal 12.58%, wheat bran 2.2%, flaked corn 18.66%, beet meal 4.57%, cottonseed 1.62%, baking soda 0.08%, and sodium chloride 0.25%. The feed consisted of 0.2% magnesium oxide, 1.12% limestone powder, and 0.52% dicalcium phosphate. The hay used in this embodiment was ryegrass. The additives included a compound extract of ponkan peel, chrysanthemum, and wolfberry leaves, linseed oil, lysine, and niacin. The components in the additives, by weight, were: 50 parts ponkan peel-chrysanthemum-wolfberry leaf compound extract, 14 parts linseed oil, 7 parts lysine, and 3 parts niacin. The mass ratio of the basal diet to the additives in the mixed diet was basal diet: additives = 100:2. (2) The dairy cows are fed with free access to feed and water, and are fed the mixed diet described above three times a day, at 8:00 am, 4:00 pm and 8:00 pm. The temperature in the cowshed is controlled within the range of 13±3℃ to avoid heat stress, which can lead to decreased rumen function and increased body fat mobilization, significantly increasing the content of saturated fatty acids in milk. The humidity is controlled within the range of 45% to 50%, and a good ventilation environment is maintained. A 10cm thick layer of rice husks is used as bedding material, which is changed regularly once a week. During the feeding process, frequent herding, rough driving, noise and mixing of herds are avoided to reduce stress-induced hormonal disorders and abnormal fat metabolism. (3) Starting from the 7th day postpartum, conjugated linoleic acid was added to the mixed diet at a rate of 133g / head / day; The preparation method of the Ponkan orange peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-Lycium barbarum leaf composite extract is as follows: Step 1: Chop the tangerine peel and chrysanthemum separately and mix them to form a mixture. The mass ratio of tangerine peel to chrysanthemum is 10:8. Add the mixture to an ethanol-water solution at a ratio of 1g:30mL, where the volume percentage of ethanol in the ethanol-water solution is 85%. Heat the solution in a water bath to 50°C and keep it warm for 30 minutes. During the extraction, use ultrasonic vibration at a power of 150W. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases. Add the solid phase back to the ethanol-water solution and repeat the above extraction steps. Combine the two liquid phases, remove the ethanol by vacuum rotary evaporation, add deionized water, stir and wash, concentrate under reduced pressure, and freeze-dry to obtain the crude extract. Step 2: Add wolfberry leaf powder to deionized water at a ratio of 1g wolfberry leaf powder to 25mL deionized water. Heat in a water bath to 40-45℃ for 15-20 minutes, and treat with ultrasound during extraction at a power of 250W. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases, concentrate the liquid phase under vacuum to half its original volume, and then add glucose at a ratio of 0.4g glucose to 10mL. Stir and mix to obtain an extract. Add the crude extract to the extract at a ratio of 0.7g crude extract to 6mL extract. Heat in a water bath to 80℃ and stir for 30 minutes, refluxing during the heating process. After the heating is complete, freeze-dry to obtain the Ponkan peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-wortberry leaf composite extract. Example 4

[0019] A method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk in dairy cows, the preparation method of which includes: (1) A mixed diet is prepared, comprising a basal diet and supplements; the basal diet is prepared according to the early, middle, and late stages, with different contents of each component: an early stage diet, a middle stage diet, and a late stage diet; the early stage is from 60 days before delivery to delivery, and the early stage diet is fed; the middle stage is from the end of the peripartum period, i.e., 21 days postpartum, and the middle stage diet is fed; the late stage is the peak lactation period after 21 days postpartum, and the late stage diet is fed; the mass percentage of each component in the early stage diet is: hay 3 The composition of the intermediate-term diet is as follows: hay 30.74%, corn silage 34.53%, soybean meal 9.35%, wheat bran 3.5%, flaked corn 10.25%, beet meal 2.23%, cottonseed 2.55%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The diet consisted of the following components: beet meal 5.15%, cottonseed 1.86%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The mass percentages of each component in the later stages of the diet were: hay 31.05%, corn silage 27.15%, soybean meal 12.58%, wheat bran 2.2%, flaked corn 18.66%, beet meal 4.57%, cottonseed 1.62%, baking soda 0.08%, and sodium chloride 0.2%. 5%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, dicalcium phosphate 0.52%; the hay used in this embodiment is sheepgrass; the additives include a compound extract of ponkan peel-chrysanthemum-goji leaf, linseed oil, lysine, and niacin; the components of the additives by weight are: 50 parts of ponkan peel-chrysanthemum-goji leaf compound extract, 15 parts of linseed oil, 8 parts of lysine, and 6 parts of niacin; the mass ratio of the basal diet to the additives in the mixed diet is basal diet: additives = 100:3; (2) The dairy cows are fed with free access to feed and water, and are fed the mixed diet described above three times a day, at 8:00 am, 4:00 pm and 8:00 pm. The temperature in the cowshed is controlled within the range of 13±3℃ to avoid heat stress, which can lead to decreased rumen function and increased body fat mobilization, significantly increasing the content of saturated fatty acids in milk. The humidity is controlled within the range of 45% to 50%, and a good ventilation environment is maintained. A 10cm thick layer of rice husks is used as bedding material, which is changed regularly once a week. During the feeding process, frequent herding, rough driving, noise and mixing of herds are avoided to reduce stress-induced hormonal disorders and abnormal fat metabolism. (3) Starting from the 7th day postpartum, conjugated linoleic acid was added to the mixed diet at a rate of 136g / head / day; The preparation method of the Ponkan orange peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-Lycium barbarum leaf composite extract is as follows: Step 1: Chop the tangerine peel and chrysanthemum separately and mix them to form a mixture. The mass ratio of tangerine peel to chrysanthemum is 10:10. Add the mixture to an ethanol-water solution at a ratio of 1g:30mL, where the volume percentage of ethanol in the ethanol-water solution is 85%. Heat the solution in a water bath to 50°C and keep it warm for 30 minutes. During the extraction process, use ultrasonic vibration at a power of 150W. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases. Add the solid phase back to the ethanol-water solution and repeat the above extraction steps. Combine the two liquid phases, remove the ethanol by vacuum rotary evaporation, add deionized water, stir and wash, concentrate under reduced pressure, and freeze-dry to obtain the crude extract. Step 2: Add wolfberry leaf powder to deionized water at a ratio of 1g wolfberry leaf powder to 25mL deionized water. Heat in a water bath to 45℃ and extract for 15 minutes, using ultrasonic treatment at a power of 250W. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases. Concentrate the liquid phase under vacuum to half its original volume, then add glucose at a ratio of 0.5g glucose to 10mL. Stir and mix to obtain an extract. Add the crude extract to the extract at a ratio of 0.8g crude extract to 6mL extract. Heat in a water bath to 85℃ and stir for 30 minutes, refluxing during the heating process. After the heating is complete, freeze-dry to obtain the Ponkan peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-wortberry leaf composite extract.

[0020] Comparative Example 1 A comparative method for feeding dairy cows, the preparation method of which includes: (1) A mixed diet is prepared, comprising a basal diet and supplements; the basal diet is prepared into early-stage, mid-stage, and late-stage diets with different component contents according to the early, mid, and late stages; the early stage is from 60 days before delivery to delivery, and the early-stage diet is fed; the mid-stage is from the end of the peripartum period, i.e., 21 days postpartum, and the mid-stage diet is fed; the late stage is the peak lactation period after 21 days postpartum, and the late-stage diet is fed; the mass percentage of each component in the early-stage diet is: dry weight... The composition of the intermediate-term diet is as follows: hay 35.74%, corn silage 34.53%, soybean meal 9.35%, wheat bran 3.5%, flaked corn 10.25%, beet meal 2.23%, cottonseed 2.55%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The mass percentages of each component in the intermediate-term diet are: hay 30.85%, corn silage 27.45%, soybean meal 12.58%, flaked corn 20%. The composition of the later-stage diet was as follows: hay 31.05%, corn silage 27.15%, soybean meal 12.58%, wheat bran 2.2%, flaked corn 18.66%, beet meal 4.57%, cottonseed 1.62%, sodium bicarbonate 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. Sodium hydroxide 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, dicalcium phosphate 0.52%; the hay used in this comparative example is ryegrass; the additives include chrysanthemum-goji leaf compound extract, linseed oil, lysine, and niacin; the components of the additives by weight are: 50 parts of chrysanthemum-goji leaf compound extract, 12 parts of linseed oil, 6 parts of lysine, and 3 parts of niacin; the mass ratio of the basal diet to the additives in the mixed diet is basal diet: additives = 100:2; (2) The dairy cows are fed with free access to feed and water, and are fed the mixed diet described above three times a day, at 8:00 am, 4:00 pm and 8:00 pm. The temperature in the cowshed is controlled within the range of 13±3℃ to avoid heat stress, which can lead to decreased rumen function and increased body fat mobilization, significantly increasing the content of saturated fatty acids in milk. The humidity is controlled within the range of 45% to 50%, and a good ventilation environment is maintained. A 10cm thick layer of rice husks is used as bedding material, which is changed regularly once a week. During the feeding process, frequent herding, rough driving, noise and mixing of herds are avoided to reduce stress-induced hormonal disorders and abnormal fat metabolism. (3) Starting from the 7th day postpartum, conjugated linoleic acid was added to the mixed diet at a rate of 133g / head / day; The preparation method of the chrysanthemum-goji leaf compound extract is as follows: Step 1: Chop the chrysanthemum and add it to an ethanol-water solution. The ratio of chrysanthemum to ethanol-water solution is 1g:20mL, where the volume percentage of ethanol in the ethanol-water solution is 80%. Heat the solution in a water bath to 45℃ and keep it warm for 40 minutes. During the extraction process, use ultrasonic vibration with a power of 150W. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases. Add the solid phase back to the ethanol-water solution and repeat the above extraction steps. Combine the two liquid phases, remove the ethanol by vacuum rotary evaporation, add deionized water, stir and wash, concentrate under reduced pressure, and freeze dry to obtain the crude extract. Step 2: Add wolfberry leaf powder to deionized water at a ratio of 1g wolfberry leaf powder to 20mL deionized water. Heat in a water bath to 40℃ and extract for 20 minutes, using ultrasonic treatment at a power of 200W. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases. Concentrate the liquid phase under vacuum to half its original volume, then add glucose at a ratio of 0.4g glucose to 10mL. Stir and mix to obtain an extract. Add the crude extract to the extract at a ratio of 0.7g crude extract to 5mL extract. Heat in a water bath to 80℃ and stir for 30 minutes, refluxing during the heating process. After the heating is complete, freeze-dry to obtain the chrysanthemum-wolfberry leaf composite extract.

[0021] Comparative Example 2 A comparative method for feeding dairy cows, the preparation method of which includes: (1) A mixed diet is prepared, comprising a basal diet and supplements; the basal diet is prepared according to the early, middle, and late stages, with different component contents for each stage; the early stage is from 60 days before delivery to delivery, and the early stage diet is fed; the middle stage is from the end of the peripartum period, i.e., 21 days postpartum, and the middle stage diet is fed; the late stage is the peak lactation period after 21 days postpartum, and the late stage diet is fed; the mass percentage of each component in the early stage diet is: hay The composition of the intermediate-term diet is as follows: hay 35.74%, corn silage 34.53%, soybean meal 9.35%, wheat bran 3.5%, flaked corn 10.25%, beet meal 2.23%, cottonseed 2.55%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The composition of the diet in the later stages was as follows: hay 31.05%, corn silage 27.15%, soybean meal 12.58%, wheat bran 2.2%, flaked corn 18.66%, beet meal 4.57%, cottonseed 1.62%, sodium bicarbonate 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. Sodium 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, dicalcium phosphate 0.52%; the hay used in this comparative example is ryegrass; the additives include ponkan peel-goji leaf compound extract, linseed oil, lysine, and niacin; the components of the additives by weight are: ponkan peel-goji leaf compound extract 50 parts, linseed oil 12 parts, lysine 6 parts, and niacin 3 parts; the mass ratio of the basal diet to the additives in the mixed diet is basal diet: additives = 100:2; (2) The dairy cows are fed with free access to feed and water, and are fed the mixed diet described above three times a day, at 8:00 am, 4:00 pm and 8:00 pm. The temperature in the cowshed is controlled within the range of 13±3℃ to avoid heat stress, which can lead to decreased rumen function and increased body fat mobilization, significantly increasing the content of saturated fatty acids in milk. The humidity is controlled within the range of 45% to 50%, and a good ventilation environment is maintained. A 10cm thick layer of rice husks is used as bedding material, which is changed regularly once a week. During the feeding process, frequent herding, rough driving, noise and mixing of herds are avoided to reduce stress-induced hormonal disorders and abnormal fat metabolism. (3) Starting from the 7th day postpartum, conjugated linoleic acid was added to the mixed diet at a rate of 133g / head / day; The preparation method of the Ponkan peel-goji leaf compound extract is as follows: Step 1: Chop the tangerine peel and add it to an ethanol-water solution. The ratio of tangerine peel to ethanol-water solution is 1g:20mL, where the volume percentage of ethanol in the ethanol-water solution is 80%. Heat the solution in a water bath to 45℃ and keep it warm for 40 minutes. During the extraction process, use ultrasonic vibration with a power of 150W. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases. Add the solid phase back to the ethanol-water solution and repeat the above extraction steps. Combine the two liquid phases, remove the ethanol by vacuum rotary evaporation, add deionized water, stir and wash, concentrate under reduced pressure, and freeze dry to obtain the crude extract. Step 2: Add wolfberry leaf powder to deionized water at a ratio of 1g wolfberry leaf powder to 20mL deionized water. Heat in a water bath to 40℃ and extract for 20 minutes, using ultrasonic treatment at a power of 200W. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases. Concentrate the liquid phase under vacuum to half its original volume, then add glucose at a ratio of 0.4g glucose to 10mL. Stir and mix to obtain an extract. Add the crude extract to the extract at a ratio of 0.7g crude extract to 5mL extract. Heat in a water bath to 80℃ and stir for 30 minutes, refluxing during the heating process. After the heating is complete, freeze-dry to obtain the Ponkan peel-wolfberry leaf composite extract.

[0022] Comparative Example 3 A comparative method for feeding dairy cows, the preparation method of which includes: (1) A mixed diet is prepared, comprising a basal diet and supplements; the basal diet is prepared into early-stage, mid-stage, and late-stage diets with different component contents according to the early, mid, and late stages; the early stage is from 60 days before delivery to delivery, and the early-stage diet is fed; the mid-stage is from the end of the peripartum period, i.e., 21 days postpartum, and the mid-stage diet is fed; the late stage is the peak lactation period after 21 days postpartum, and the late-stage diet is fed; the mass percentage of each component in the early-stage diet is: dry weight... The composition of the intermediate-term diet is as follows: hay 35.74%, corn silage 34.53%, soybean meal 9.35%, wheat bran 3.5%, flaked corn 10.25%, beet meal 2.23%, cottonseed 2.55%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The mass percentages of each component in the intermediate-term diet are: hay 30.85%, corn silage 27.45%, soybean meal 12.58%, flaked corn 20%. The composition of the later-stage diet was as follows: hay 31.05%, corn silage 27.15%, soybean meal 12.58%, wheat bran 2.2%, flaked corn 18.66%, beet meal 4.57%, cottonseed 1.62%, sodium bicarbonate 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. Sodium hydroxide 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, dicalcium phosphate 0.52%; the hay used in this comparative example is ryegrass; the additives include ponkan peel-chrysanthemum complex extract, linseed oil, lysine, and niacin; the components of the additives by weight are: ponkan peel-chrysanthemum complex extract 50 parts, linseed oil 12 parts, lysine 6 parts, and niacin 3 parts; the mass ratio of the basal diet to the additives in the mixed diet is basal diet: additives = 100:2; (2) The dairy cows are fed with free access to feed and water, and are fed the mixed diet described above three times a day, at 8:00 am, 4:00 pm and 8:00 pm. The temperature in the cowshed is controlled within the range of 13±3℃ to avoid heat stress, which can lead to decreased rumen function and increased body fat mobilization, significantly increasing the content of saturated fatty acids in milk. The humidity is controlled within the range of 45% to 50%, and a good ventilation environment is maintained. A 10cm thick layer of rice husks is used as bedding material, which is changed regularly once a week. During the feeding process, frequent herding, rough driving, noise and mixing of herds are avoided to reduce stress-induced hormonal disorders and abnormal fat metabolism. (3) Starting from the 7th day postpartum, conjugated linoleic acid was added to the mixed diet at a rate of 133g / head / day; The preparation method of the Ponkan peel-Chrysanthemum indicum compound extract is as follows: Ponkan peel and Chrysanthemum indicum are chopped separately and then mixed to form a mixture, with a mass ratio of Ponkan peel:Chrysanthemum indicum = 10:6; the mixture is added to an ethanol-water solution with a mass ratio of mixture:ethanol-water solution = 1g:20mL, wherein the volume percentage of ethanol in the ethanol-water solution is 80%; extraction is performed by heating in a water bath to 45℃ and maintaining the temperature for 40 minutes, with ultrasonic vibration during the extraction process at a power of 150W; after extraction, solid-liquid separation is performed, and the solid phase is added back to the ethanol-water solution to repeat the above extraction steps; the two liquid phases are combined, and ethanol is removed by vacuum rotary evaporation, followed by addition of deionized water for stirring and washing, concentration under reduced pressure, and freeze-drying to obtain a crude extract, which serves as the Ponkan peel-Chrysanthemum indicum compound extract of this comparative example. Example 5

[0023] Following the methods described in the above embodiments and comparative examples, raw milk collected on the 23rd postpartum day was used as a sample. The total saturated fatty acid content in the raw milk was tested using the method described in the paper "Comparison of Silverion high performance liquid chromatographic quantification of free and methylated conjugated linoleic acid. Lipids" (Ostrowska, E., FR Dunshea, M. Muralitharan, and RF Cross. 2000). The results are as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0024] Depend on Figure 1It is known that feeding dairy cows using the method described in this invention can significantly reduce the saturated fatty acid content in raw milk. The core is to optimize rumen function through dietary regulation; relatively increasing the content of alfalfa, ryegrass, or sheepgrass hay in the diet, while reducing the relative content of rapidly fermenting grains such as corn and barley, to avoid excessively low rumen pH leading to inhibition of fiber-decomposing bacteria and increased endogenous saturated fatty acid synthesis, thus maintaining rumen health and fiber digestibility. Adding conjugated linoleic acid can inhibit mammary fatty acid synthase (FASN), reducing milk fat percentage and saturated fatty acid content, and increasing the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids. Adding the additives prepared in this invention to the basal diet utilizes the compound extract of ponkan peel-chrysanthemum-goji leaf to enhance antioxidant activity, protect gastrointestinal health, improve animal digestion and absorption, increase feed utilization efficiency, improve the rumen microbial environment, optimize fatty acid hydrogenation pathways, and reduce saturated fatty acid accumulation; flaxseed oil and lysine improve mammary gland metabolism, reducing saturated fatty acid synthesis; and niacin alleviates metabolic stress, reducing the release of saturated fatty acids due to body fat mobilization.

[0025] The technical solutions provided by the present invention have been described in detail above. For those skilled in the art, there will be changes in specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the embodiments of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk in dairy cows, characterized in that, Preparation methods include: (1) A mixed diet is prepared, wherein the mixed diet includes a basal diet and additives; the additives include a compound extract of ponkan peel-chrysanthemum-goji leaf, flaxseed oil, lysine, and niacin; (2) Dairy cows are fed free access to feed and water, and are fed a mixed diet every day; the temperature in the cowshed is controlled at 10-16℃, a good ventilation environment is maintained, and the bedding is changed regularly; (3) Starting from the 6th to 8th day postpartum, conjugated linoleic acid should be added to the mixed diet; The preparation method of the Ponkan orange peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-Lycium barbarum leaf composite extract is as follows: Step 1: Chop the tangerine peel and chrysanthemum separately and mix them to form a mixture. Add the mixture to an ethanol-water solution and heat it in a water bath for extraction. During the extraction process, use ultrasonic vibration. After extraction, separate the solid and liquid phases. Add the solid phase back to the ethanol-water solution and repeat the above extraction steps. Combine the two liquid phases, remove the ethanol by vacuum rotary evaporation, add deionized water, stir and wash, concentrate under reduced pressure, and freeze dry to obtain the crude extract. Step 2: Add wolfberry leaf powder to deionized water and extract by heating in a water bath. During the extraction process, ultrasonic treatment is performed. After extraction, solid and liquid are separated, and the liquid phase is concentrated under vacuum. Then, glucose is added and stirred to obtain an extract. The crude extract is added to the extract and heated in a water bath to 75-85°C. The mixture is kept warm and stirred, and refluxed during the warming process. After the warming process, it is freeze-dried to obtain the Ponkan peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-wolfberry leaf composite extract.

2. The dairy cow feeding method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hay is a mixture of one or more of alfalfa, ryegrass, or sheep grass in any proportion.

3. The dairy cow feeding method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk according to claim 1, characterized in that, The basal diet is configured with different component contents for the early, middle, and late stages. The early stage is defined as 60 days before delivery, the middle stage as the period after delivery (up to 21 days postpartum), and the late stage as the peak lactation period after 21 days postpartum. The mass percentages of each component in the early stage diet are: hay 35.74%, corn silage 34.53%, soybean meal 9.35%, wheat bran 3.5%, flaked corn 10.25%, beet meal 2.23%, cottonseed 2.55%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone powder 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The mass percentages of each component in the middle stage diet are... The composition of the first diet was as follows: hay 30.85%, corn silage 27.45%, soybean meal 12.58%, flaked corn 20.26%, beet meal 5.15%, cottonseed 1.86%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.2%. The mass percentages of each component in the later stage of the diet were as follows: hay 31.05%, corn silage 27.15%, soybean meal 12.58%, wheat bran 2.2%, flaked corn 18.66%, beet meal 4.57%, cottonseed 1.62%, baking soda 0.08%, sodium chloride 0.25%, magnesium oxide 0.2%, limestone 1.12%, and dicalcium phosphate 0.52%.

4. The dairy cow feeding method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk according to claim 1, characterized in that, The additives are composed of the following components by weight: 50 parts of Ponkan peel-Chrysanthemum morifolium-Goji leaf compound extract, 10-15 parts of flaxseed oil, 5-8 parts of lysine, and 1-6 parts of niacin.

5. A method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk in dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of the basal diet to the additives in the mixed diet is basal diet: additives = 100: 1 to 3.

6. The dairy cow feeding method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk according to claim 1, characterized in that, The amount of conjugated linoleic acid added is 130-136 g / head / day.

7. A method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk in dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step one, the mass ratio of the tangerine peel to the chrysanthemum is tangerine peel: chrysanthemum = 10:4-10; the ratio of the mixture added to the ethanol-water solution is mixture: ethanol-water solution = 1g: 20-30mL, wherein the volume percentage of ethanol in the ethanol-water solution is 80%-85%; the extraction temperature is 45-50℃, the extraction time is 30-40min; and the ultrasonic power is 100-150W.

8. A method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk in dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step two, the ratio of wolfberry leaf powder to deionized water is 1g:20-25mL. The mixture is heated in a water bath to 40-45℃ and kept warm for 15-20 minutes. The ultrasonic power is 200-250W.

9. A method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk in dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ratio of glucose added to the concentrated liquid phase under reduced pressure is glucose:liquid phase = 0.3-0.5g:10mL, and the ratio of crude extract added to the extract solution is crude extract:extract solution = 0.6-0.8g:5-6mL.

10. A method for targeted reduction and control of saturated fatty acids in raw milk in dairy cows according to claim 1, characterized in that, The humidity in the cattle shed should be controlled at 45% to 50%.

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