Bridge anti-seismic support

Abstract

The invention discloses a bridge anti-seismic support, which relates to the technical field of bridge construction, and comprises a pier column connected with a lower bridge structure, a support plate connected with an upper bridge structure, and a base fixed at the top of the pier column, a damping net is fixed between the pier column and the supporting plate, the damping net is of an annular net structure, earthquake energy is converted into elastic potential energy through deformation generated when a bridge vibrates and is extruded by the supporting plate, instantaneous impact is reduced, and earthquake force is dispersed through multidirectional deformation; the technical effects of dynamically adapting to different vibration intensities, adjusting the damping strength, avoiding damage to the support and a bridge structure, expanding the damping coverage range, accurately and flexibly resetting, improving the damping efficiency and the anti-seismic effect, prolonging the service life of the support and improving the overall safety of a bridge can be achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of bridge construction technology, and in particular to a bridge seismic bearing. Background Technology

[0002] Bridges are man-made structures built to cross natural or man-made obstacles (such as rivers, valleys, and adverse geological conditions), such as roads, railways, and canals. Their core function is to ensure the smooth passage of vehicles and pedestrians. As the "throat" of the transportation system, bridges are a key component of lifeline engineering and play an irreplaceable role in post-earthquake relief, material transportation, and economic recovery.

[0003] Regarding seismic mitigation and damping treatment of bridges, Chinese invention patent CN113914208B discloses a bridge seismic bearing, including a pier connected to the lower bridge structure and a support plate connected to the upper bridge structure. The pier has a base at its top, with an arc-shaped cavity on its upper surface. Several bases are distributed on the top of the pier, each base having a first connecting rod spherically hinged to its top. A second connecting rod is hinged to the end of each first connecting rod, and a torsion spring is provided at the hinge. The support plate has an arc-shaped protrusion extending into the cavity at its bottom, and several connecting parts are distributed on its lower surface. These connecting parts are spherically hinged to the ends of the corresponding second connecting rods. Several connecting grooves are distributed on the upper surface of the pier, each containing a hydraulic energy dissipation device. The output end of the hydraulic energy dissipation device is spherically hinged to a guide rod connected to the corresponding first connecting rod. This invention aims to solve the problems of poor seismic damping and damping effects and the inability to provide traction force to the bridge in existing bridge bearings.

[0004] While the aforementioned solutions improve the vibration reduction effect of bridges to some extent, in actual use, they mainly rely on a single energy dissipation method (such as hydraulic or friction). Under high-frequency vibrations, the hydraulic energy dissipation response is sluggish, leading to instantaneous impact damage to the bridge. When dealing with the superposition of P-waves and S-waves, they cannot efficiently handle the combined vibrations of P-waves and S-waves, causing the bridge to be prone to resonance or stress concentration under high-frequency vibrations, resulting in poor vibration reduction and seismic resistance. Furthermore, although the bearings can provide basic traction force during earthquakes, the reset mechanism is passive, with low reset accuracy, and cannot adapt to deformations caused by different magnitudes. They are also susceptible to aftershock interference, causing residual bridge misalignment. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a bridge seismic bearing that solves the technical problems of limited damping effect, sluggish hydraulic energy consumption response causing instantaneous impact damage to bridges under high-frequency vibration, inability to efficiently handle composite vibrations of superimposed longitudinal and transverse waves leading to resonance or stress concentration, passive and low-precision reset mechanism unable to adapt to deformation of different magnitudes, and susceptibility to aftershock interference causing bridge misalignment. It achieves the technical effects of dynamically adapting to different vibration intensities to adjust the damping force, avoiding damage to the bearing and bridge structure, expanding the damping coverage, precise and flexible reset, improving damping efficiency and seismic effect, extending bearing life, and improving the overall safety of the bridge.

[0006] This application provides a bridge seismic bearing, including a pier connected to the substructure of the bridge, a support plate connected to the superstructure of the bridge, and a base fixed to the top of the pier. A damping net is fixed between the pier and the support plate. The damping net is a ring-shaped mesh structure. When the bridge vibrates and is squeezed by the support plate, it deforms and converts the seismic energy into elastic potential energy, reducing the instantaneous impact and dispersing the seismic force through multi-directional deformation.

[0007] Furthermore, a protrusion is fixed to the bottom of the support plate, and a cavity is opened at the top of the base; the protrusion is a stepped arc-shaped structure, the cavity is a stepped groove structure that matches the protrusion, and a damping block is fixed at each step of the cavity.

[0008] Furthermore, the damping mesh comprises three sections, from bottom to top: a fixed layer, a supporting layer, and a deformation layer; the fixed layer is made of high-rigidity metal and is fixedly connected to the pier column; the fixed layer, the supporting layer, and the deformation layer are all connected to each other by welding.

[0009] Furthermore, the rigidity of the fixed layer, the support layer, and the deformation layer decreases sequentially from bottom to top, forming an integrated damping system with gradient rigidity.

[0010] Furthermore, the deformation layer is uniformly divided into multiple elastic mesh units along its circumference. Each elastic mesh unit has a mesh structure and a shock-absorbing bladder is fixed inside. The shock-absorbing bladder is filled with a non-Newtonian fluid, which quickly converts mechanical energy into heat energy under vibration or impact to perform shock absorption.

[0011] Furthermore, a balancing component for initial reset after vibration of the damping net is also provided between the support layer and the pier. The balancing component includes a bracket, an electromagnetic ring, and a ring belt. The bracket is fixed to the pier, and its upper part is a ring structure; an electromagnetic ring is fixed to the inner side of the upper part of the bracket; the ring is fixed to the outside of the support layer and its interior is filled with iron powder. The iron powder is magnetically attracted in a circumferential manner by energizing the electromagnetic ring, so that the support layer of the shock-absorbing mesh is initially reset.

[0012] Furthermore, the elastic mesh unit is evenly divided into multiple cavities along its circumference, and each cavity is fixed with a shock-absorbing bladder; the balancing assembly also includes an auxiliary component disposed within the shock-absorbing bladder, which is used to assist in the restoration of the deformed layer that has deformed after an earthquake.

[0013] Furthermore, the auxiliary components include a squeezing block, a trigger pin, and a microcapsule; The extrusion block is fixed inside the shock absorber, and a trigger pin is fixed at its bottom. The microcapsule is filled with foaming agent. The extrusion block moves down due to the vibration of the upper bridge through the support plate. The trigger pin moves down and punctures the microcapsule, causing the foaming agent inside to flow out and mix with the non-Newtonian fluid inside the shock absorber, causing the shock absorber to expand and thus assisting in the precise repositioning of the local position of the deformation layer.

[0014] Furthermore, a spring is sleeved on the outside of the trigger pin. The spring is fixed below the compression block and above the microcapsule. The preload of the spring resists slight vibrations and prevents accidental triggering.

[0015] Furthermore, multiple microcapsules are arranged vertically, and the trigger needle moves down a different distance under different vibration levels, so that different numbers of microcapsules are punctured to adapt to the reset of deformation displacement caused by different vibration levels in different areas.

[0016] One or more technical solutions provided in this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: The ring-shaped mesh structure of the damping net enables multi-directional elastic deformation, uniformly dispersing seismic energy into elastic potential energy. The stepped arc-shaped interaction of protrusions and cavities creates multi-stage sliding friction, achieving gradual energy dissipation and enhancing the support's adaptability to combined P-wave and S-wave vibrations. The magnetic attraction mechanism of the balancing components provides circumferential uniform pull-back, achieving macroscopically precise repositioning and preventing the accumulation of post-earthquake support plate offset. The chemical-mechanical synergy of the auxiliary components enables gradient-triggered expansion, achieving local deformation compensation and ensuring rapid recovery of the deformed layer during aftershocks. The system restores the bridge to its original position, effectively solving the technical problems of limited damping effect, sluggish hydraulic energy consumption response causing instantaneous impact damage to bridges under high-frequency vibration, inability to efficiently handle composite vibrations of longitudinal and transverse waves leading to resonance or stress concentration, passive and low-precision reset mechanisms that cannot adapt to deformations of different magnitudes, and susceptibility to aftershock interference causing bridge misalignment. It achieves the technical effects of dynamically adapting to different vibration intensities to adjust damping force, avoiding damage to bearings and bridge structures, expanding the damping coverage, precise and flexible reset, improving damping efficiency and seismic resistance, extending bearing life, and improving the overall safety of the bridge. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a bridge seismic bearing according to the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a longitudinal full sectional schematic diagram of a bridge seismic bearing according to the present invention.

[0019] Figure 3 This invention relates to a bridge seismic bearing. Figure 2 A magnified view of a portion of point A in the middle.

[0020] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the base and damping net of a bridge seismic bearing according to the present invention.

[0021] Figure 5 This is a partial three-dimensional structural cross-sectional view of the deformation layer of a bridge seismic bearing according to the present invention.

[0022] Figure 6 This is a longitudinal full sectional view of an elastic net unit of a bridge seismic bearing according to the present invention.

[0023] In the diagram: 100, pier; 110, support plate; 120, protrusion; 130, base; 131, cavity; 132, damping block; 200, shock absorber net; 210, fixing layer; 220, support layer; 230, deformation layer; 231, elastic net unit; 240, bracket; 241, electromagnetic ring; 242, ring belt; 243, iron powder; 250, shock absorber bag; 260, auxiliary component; 261, compression block; 262, trigger pin; 263, spring; 264, microcapsule. Detailed Implementation

[0024] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, a more complete description of this application will be given below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. However, the invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to enable a more thorough and complete understanding of the disclosure of the present invention.

[0025] It should be noted that the terms "vertical," "horizontal," "up," "down," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this article are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0026] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains; the terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the invention; the term "and / or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0027] Please see Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a bridge seismic bearing according to the present invention. The bridge seismic bearing of this application utilizes the annular mesh structure of the damping net 200 to perform multi-directional elastic deformation, thereby uniformly dispersing seismic energy into elastic potential energy. Through the stepped arc-shaped cooperation of the protrusion 120 and the concave cavity 131, multi-level sliding friction is achieved, realizing a gradual energy dissipation effect and improving the bearing's adaptability to combined longitudinal and transverse wave vibrations. Through the magnetic attraction mechanism of the balancing component, a circumferential uniform pull-back action is achieved, realizing a macroscopically precise reset effect and preventing the cumulative offset of the support plate 110 after the earthquake. Through the chemical-mechanical synergy of the auxiliary component 260, a gradient-triggered expansion action is achieved, realizing a local deformation compensation effect and ensuring that the deformation layer 230 quickly returns to its original position during aftershocks. This achieves the technical effects of dynamically adapting to different vibration intensities to adjust the damping force, avoiding damage to the bearing and bridge structure, expanding the damping coverage, precise and flexible reset, improving damping efficiency and seismic resistance, extending bearing life, and improving the overall safety of the bridge.

[0028] Example 1: As Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, this application discloses a bridge seismic bearing, which includes a pier 100 connected to the lower bridge structure, a support plate 110 connected to the upper bridge structure, and a base 130 fixed to the top of the pier 100. A damping net 200 is fixed between the pier 100 and the support plate 110. The damping net 200 is a ring-shaped mesh structure. When the bridge vibrates and is squeezed by the support plate 110, it deforms and converts the seismic energy into elastic potential energy, reducing the instantaneous impact and dispersing the seismic force through multi-directional deformation.

[0029] This application utilizes a ring-shaped mesh design for the damping mesh 200, where the mesh units are interwoven with metal fibers to form a continuous ring layout. When the bridge vibrates, the support plate 110 compresses the damping mesh 200 downwards. Under pressure, the mesh units of the damping mesh 200 undergo nonlinear multidirectional deformation, achieving energy dissipation through distributed energy distribution. That is, longitudinal compression and lateral extension occur simultaneously, generating mutually interdependent stress distributions at the mesh nodes. This converts seismic energy into uniformly distributed elastic potential energy, avoiding stress concentration and solving the problem of local structural damage caused by uneven energy absorption under combined vibrations. This makes the application suitable for complex working conditions where longitudinal and transverse waves are superimposed, further improving energy dissipation efficiency.

[0030] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the bottom of the support plate 110 is fixed with a protrusion 120, and the top of the base 130 is provided with a cavity 131; the protrusion 120 is a stepped arc-shaped structure, the cavity 131 is a stepped groove structure that matches the protrusion 120, and damping blocks 132 are fixed at the stepped structure of the cavity 131.

[0031] This application uses the arc and stepped structure of the protrusion 120 to form a closed-loop system with the cavity 131. When the bridge is subjected to combined vibrations (such as the superposition of longitudinal and transverse waves), the protrusion 120 undergoes vertical compression and horizontal sliding in the cavity 131 at the same time. The stepped structure guides the force to be dispersed in multiple directions, and the damping block 132 can provide supplementary energy dissipation at key points. Specifically, when the bridge is subjected to an earthquake, the support plate 110 causes the protrusion 120 to slide relative to each other within the cavity 131. Due to the stepped structure, the arc-shaped surface of the protrusion 120 can make phased contact with the stepped surface of the cavity 131. That is, during the initial vibration, the top arc-shaped surface of the protrusion 120 lightly touches the upper step of the cavity 131. During a strong earthquake, the protrusion 120 moves downward and makes deep compression with the lower step and the damping block 132, presenting a multi-stage progressive sliding energy dissipation, realizing the gradual release of energy, avoiding stress concentration at a single contact point, which leads to local fatigue, and solving the problem of local cracks or plastic deformation of the support caused by the concentrated transmission of vibration energy. This makes the present application applicable to reciprocating sliding caused by horizontal transverse waves, improving the seismic resistance and vibration reduction effect.

[0032] like Figures 2 to 5 As shown, the damping net 200 includes three sections, from bottom to top: a fixed layer 210, a supporting layer 220, and a deformation layer 230. The fixed layer 210 is made of high-rigidity metal and is fixedly connected to the pier column 100. The fixed layer 210, the supporting layer 220, and the deformation layer 230 are all connected to each other by welding.

[0033] The rigidity of the fixed layer 210, the support layer 220 and the deformation layer 230 decreases sequentially from bottom to top, forming an integrated damping system with gradient rigidity.

[0034] This application sets the damping net 200 as a three-layer structure, forming a gradient rigid fit between the fixed layer 210, the support layer 220, and the deformation layer 230. Specifically, the fixed layer 210, the support layer 220, and the deformation layer 230 are welded together from bottom to top to form an integrated system. This allows the vibration energy generated by the vibration of the support plate 110 from the upper bridge to be transmitted step by step from bottom to top. This enables high-frequency vibrations (such as longitudinal waves) to be quickly absorbed and partially reflected by the fixed layer 210; mid-frequency energy is transferred through plastic deformation by the support layer 220; and low-frequency swaying is dissipated by the large deformation of the elastic net units 231 of the deformation layer 230. This achieves graded energy dissipation of vibration energy, avoids resonance amplification, and solves the problem of uncontrolled bridge swaying caused by poor adaptability to multi-frequency vibrations. It significantly improves the high-frequency damping effect of wind-induced vibrations or traffic loads.

[0035] Furthermore, based on the difference in elastic modulus of the material with rigid gradient, from a microscopic perspective, high-frequency energy is scattered at the grain boundaries of the fixed layer 210, mid-frequency energy is converted into heat in the dislocation stacking of the support layer 220, and low-frequency energy is slowly released under the molecular chain entanglement of the deformation layer 230, which prolongs the energy dissipation time and improves the buffer continuity.

[0036] like Figures 2 to 6 As shown, the deformation layer 230 is uniformly divided into multiple elastic mesh units 231 along its circumference. Each elastic mesh unit 231 has a mesh structure and a shock-absorbing bladder 250 is fixed inside it. The shock-absorbing bladder 250 is filled with a non-Newtonian fluid, which quickly converts mechanical energy into heat energy under vibration or impact to perform shock absorption.

[0037] This application achieves adaptive fluid energy dissipation through the deformation layer 230 and the shock absorber 250. Specifically, the elastic mesh unit 231 in the deformation layer 230 is embedded in the shock absorber 250, which is filled with a non-Newtonian fluid (preferably a silicon-based shear thickening fluid). When vibration impact is transmitted, the mesh compresses the shock absorber 250, and the fluid undergoes a phase change under high pressure. That is, under strong vibration, the shock absorber 250 is compressed, and the non-Newtonian fluid undergoes instantaneous shear thickening, changing from a liquid state to a near-solid state, thus achieving instantaneous rigid blocking. When the vibration weakens, the fluid returns to a liquid state to assist in resetting.

[0038] like Figures 2 to 6 As shown, a balancing component for initial reset of the shock-absorbing net 200 after vibration is also provided between the support layer 220 and the pier 100. The balancing component includes a bracket 240, an electromagnetic ring 241 and a ring belt 242. The bracket 240 is fixed on the pier 100, and its upper part is a ring structure; an electromagnetic ring 241 is fixed on the inner side of the upper part of the bracket 240; the ring band 242 is fixed on the outside of the support layer 220 and its interior is filled with iron powder 243. The iron powder 243 is magnetically attracted circumferentially by energizing the electromagnetic ring 241, so that the support layer 220 of the shock-absorbing net 200 is initially reset.

[0039] like Figures 2 to 6 As shown, the elastic mesh unit 231 is evenly divided into multiple cavities along its circumference, and each cavity is fixed with a shock-absorbing bladder 250; the balancing assembly also includes an auxiliary component 260 disposed in the shock-absorbing bladder 250, the auxiliary component 260 being used to assist in the reset of the deformed layer 230 that has deformed after the earthquake.

[0040] The auxiliary component 260 includes a squeezing block 261, a trigger pin 262, and a microcapsule 264; The extrusion block 261 is fixed inside the shock absorber 250, and a trigger needle 262 is fixed at its bottom. The microcapsule 264 is filled with foaming agent. When the support plate 110 is vibrated by the upper bridge, the extrusion block 261 moves downward, and the trigger needle 262 moves downward to puncture the microcapsule 264, causing the foaming agent inside to flow out and mix with the non-Newtonian fluid inside the shock absorber 250, causing the shock absorber 250 to expand, thereby assisting the local position of the deformation layer 230 to be accurately reset.

[0041] A spring 263 is sleeved on the outside of the trigger pin 262. The spring 263 is fixed below the compression block 261 and above the microcapsule 264. The preload of the spring 263 resists slight vibrations and prevents accidental triggering.

[0042] Multiple microcapsules 264 are arranged vertically. Under different vibration levels, the trigger needle 262 moves down a different distance, causing different numbers of microcapsules 264 to be punctured, so as to adapt to the reset of deformation displacement caused by different vibration levels in different areas.

[0043] This application achieves initial and subsequent precise reset through the cooperation of the balancing component and the auxiliary component 260. Specifically, after the earthquake, the electromagnetic ring 241 is energized to generate a magnetic field, forming a circumferential magnetic attraction force, which uniformly adsorbs the iron powder 243 in the ring band 242, causing the support layer 220 to be pulled back circumferentially, realizing the overall initial circumferential reset of the damping net 200 and returning the residual deformation after the earthquake to its original position. At the same time, when the deformation layer 230 deforms in different areas due to the earthquake, the corresponding damping bladder 250 is squeezed, the auxiliary component 260 is activated synchronously, the support plate 110 is pressed down by the earthquake, the squeezing block 261 moves down, and drives the trigger needle 262 to pierce the microcapsule 264. After the foaming agent flows out, it mixes rapidly with the non-Newtonian fluid, the exothermic reaction temperature rises, and a controllable expansion force is provided, causing the damping bladder 250 to expand locally, lifting the concave area of ​​the deformation layer 230, thereby compensating for the local residual deformation of the deformation layer 230, avoiding stress concentration, presenting a linkage of "deformation-trigger-response", and assisting in local reset.

[0044] Preferably, to avoid accidental triggering, a spring 263 is used to implement an anti-accidental triggering mechanism, which improves reliability. Specifically, during slight vibrations, the preload of the spring 263 resists downward pressure; during strong vibrations, pressure overcomes the elastic force, and the trigger needle 262 moves downward, demonstrating a gradient response action of "preload-buffering-triggering". Through the elastic preload buffering of the spring 263, the trigger needle 262 achieves a delayed triggering action, ensuring that only vibrations exceeding a threshold (such as earthquake intensity VI or above) can activate the reset. Simultaneously, multiple microcapsules 264 are arranged vertically within the shock-absorbing bladder 250, meaning that different microcapsules 264 have different rupture thresholds. When the vibration intensity changes, the trigger needle 262 moves downward a different distance, puncturing different numbers of microcapsules 264, achieving intelligent graded puncture action. This allows the application to flexibly adjust the reset force according to the earthquake magnitude; for example, a weak earthquake punctures one microcapsule 264, while a strong earthquake punctures multiple microcapsules, achieving adaptive adjustment of the reset force to adapt to different earthquake magnitudes.

[0045] In actual operation, the specific situation of this application embodiment is as follows: In the absence of vibration, the pier 100 is fixedly connected to the lower bridge structure, the support plate 110 is in close contact with the upper bridge structure, the ring-shaped mesh structure of the damping net 200 is in a state of natural tension, and its fixing layer 210, support layer 220 and deformation layer 230 are welded to form an integrated system without deformation. The protrusion 120 and the cavity 131 of the base 130 lightly touch through the stepped arc surface, but there is no relative sliding. The balance component and auxiliary component 260 are in a standby state, and the spring 263 is kept pre-tight. When the bridge vibrates, seismic waves (such as longitudinal or transverse waves) are transmitted to the bridge. The superstructure causes the support plate 110 to move in multiple directions (including vertical, horizontal, or combined directions). The support plate 110 presses downward against the damping net 200, while the protrusions 120 tend to slide within the cavity 131. The annular structure of the damping net 200 begins to bear stress. The fixed layer 210 first absorbs high-frequency energy, and the support layer 220 transmits mid-frequency vibrations. After being compressed by the support plate 110, the annular mesh structure of the damping net 200 undergoes elastic deformation: the fixed layer 210 reflects high-frequency vibrations using a high-rigidity material; the support layer 220 absorbs mid-frequency energy through plastic deformation; and the... The elastic mesh unit 231 of the variable layer 230 bends significantly, and the internal shock-absorbing bladder 250 is compressed. The non-Newtonian fluid is sheared and thickened under high pressure, changing from a liquid state to a near-solid state, uniformly converting the seismic energy into elastic potential energy and thermal energy to achieve shock absorption. At the same time, the movement of the support plate 110 causes the protrusion 120 to slide in the cavity 131. The arc-shaped surface of the protrusion 120 contacts the stepped surface of the cavity 131 in stages: during weak earthquakes, only the upper step lightly touches the surface, and the damping block 132 is slightly compressed; during strong earthquakes, the protrusion 120 moves down and deeply squeezes the lower step and the damping block 132, generating dry friction and viscous friction to dissipate the remaining kinetic energy and further improve the shock absorption effect. After the main shock of the earthquake ends, the electromagnetic ring 241 is energized to generate a magnetic field, which attracts the iron powder 243 in the ring band 242, forming a uniform circumferential magnetic attraction force. This force evenly pulls the support layer 220 slowly towards the pier 100, allowing the damping net 200 to return to its original position. The residual deformation triggering auxiliary component 260 of the deformation layer 230, i.e., the residual pressure of the support plate 110, causes the extrusion block 261 to move downward, which drives the trigger needle 262 to pierce the microcapsule 264. The foaming agent flows out and mixes with the non-Newtonian fluid, causing an exothermic reaction that causes the damping bladder 250 to expand and lift the concave area of ​​the deformation layer 230. The preload of the spring 263 prevents accidental triggering by slight vibrations. Depending on the magnitude of the earthquake, the trigger needle 262 pierces a different number of microcapsules 264 to achieve gradient reset.

[0046] The technical solutions described in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages: It effectively solves the technical problems of existing technologies, such as limited vibration reduction effect, sluggish hydraulic energy consumption response causing instantaneous impact damage to bridges under high-frequency vibration, inability to efficiently handle composite vibrations caused by superimposed longitudinal and transverse waves leading to resonance or stress concentration, passive and low-precision reset mechanism unable to adapt to deformation of different magnitudes, and susceptibility to aftershock interference causing bridge misalignment residues. It achieves the technical effects of dynamically adapting to different vibration intensities to adjust the vibration reduction force, avoiding damage to bearings and bridge structures, expanding the vibration reduction coverage, precise and flexible reset, improving vibration reduction efficiency and seismic resistance, extending bearing life, and improving the overall safety of bridges.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various modifications and variations. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A bridge seismic bearing, comprising a pier (100) connected to a substructure, a support plate (110) connected to a superstructure, and a base (130) fixed to the top of the pier (100), characterized in that: A damping net (200) is fixed between the pier (100) and the support plate (110). The damping net (200) is a ring-shaped mesh structure. When the bridge vibrates and is squeezed by the support plate (110), it deforms and converts the seismic energy into elastic potential energy, reduces the instantaneous impact, and disperses the seismic force through multi-directional deformation.

2. A bridge seismic bearing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the support plate (110) is fixed with a protrusion (120), and the top of the base (130) is provided with a cavity (131); the protrusion (120) is a stepped arc structure, and the cavity (131) is a stepped groove structure that matches the protrusion (120); damping blocks (132) are fixed at the stepped structure of the cavity (131).

3. A bridge seismic bearing as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The damping net (200) includes three sections, from bottom to top: a fixed layer (210), a support layer (220), and a deformation layer (230). The fixed layer (210) is made of high-rigidity metal and is fixedly connected to the pier (100). The fixed layer (210), the support layer (220), and the deformation layer (230) are all connected to each other by welding.

4. A bridge seismic bearing as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The rigidity of the fixed layer (210), the support layer (220) and the deformation layer (230) decreases from bottom to top, forming an integrated damping system with gradient rigidity.

5. A bridge seismic bearing as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The deformation layer (230) is evenly divided into multiple elastic mesh units (231) along its circumference. Each elastic mesh unit (231) has a mesh structure and a shock-absorbing bladder (250) is fixed inside it. The shock-absorbing bladder (250) is filled with a non-Newtonian fluid, which quickly converts mechanical energy into heat energy under vibration or impact to reduce vibration.

6. A bridge seismic bearing as described in claim 4, characterized in that, A balancing component for initial reset of the shock-absorbing net (200) after vibration is also provided between the support layer (220) and the pier (100). The balancing component includes a bracket (240), an electromagnetic ring (241), and a ring belt (242). The bracket (240) is fixed on the pier (100), and its upper part is a ring structure; an electromagnetic ring (241) is fixed on the inner side of the upper part of the bracket (240); the ring (242) is fixed on the outside of the support layer (220) and its interior is filled with iron powder (243). The iron powder (243) is magnetically attracted in a circumferential manner by energizing the electromagnetic ring (241), so that the support layer (220) of the shock-absorbing net (200) is initially reset.

7. A bridge seismic bearing as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The elastic mesh unit (231) is evenly divided into multiple cavities along its circumference, and each cavity is fixed with a shock-absorbing bladder (250); the balancing assembly also includes an auxiliary component (260) disposed in the shock-absorbing bladder (250), the auxiliary component (260) being used to assist in the reset of the deformed layer (230) that has deformed after the earthquake.

8. A bridge seismic bearing as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The auxiliary component (260) includes a compression block (261), a trigger pin (262), and a microcapsule (264). The extrusion block (261) is fixed inside the shock absorber (250), and a trigger needle (262) is fixed at its bottom. The microcapsule (264) is filled with foaming agent. The extrusion block (261) is moved down by the vibration of the upper bridge through the support plate (110), and the trigger needle (262) moves down to puncture the microcapsule (264), so that the foaming agent inside flows out and mixes with the non-Newtonian fluid inside the shock absorber (250), causing the shock absorber (250) to expand, thereby assisting the local position of the deformation layer (230) to be accurately reset.

9. A bridge seismic bearing as described in claim 8, characterized in that, A spring (263) is sleeved on the outside of the trigger pin (262). The spring (263) is fixed below the extrusion block (261) and above the microcapsule (264). The preload of the spring (263) resists slight vibrations and prevents accidental triggering.

10. A bridge seismic bearing as described in claim 8, characterized in that, Multiple microcapsules (264) are arranged vertically. Under different vibration levels, the trigger needle (262) moves down a different distance, causing different numbers of microcapsules (264) to be punctured, so as to adapt to the reset of deformation displacement caused by different vibration levels in different areas.

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