Immersed tunnel segment joint structure and immersed tunnel pipe joint

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of immersed tunnels, in particular to an immersed tunnel segment joint structure and an immersed tunnel pipe joint, the immersed tunnel segment joint structure provided by the invention is used for connecting a first segment and a second segment which are adjacent to each other in the same pipe joint, and the joint structure comprises a socket end arranged at one end of the first segment; the steel lantern ring is fixedly arranged on the peripheral surface of the socket end, the steel lantern ring extends out of the end part of the socket end, and a slot structure is formed in the steel lantern ring; the inserting opening end is arranged at one end of the second section, and the inserting opening end is connected with the inserting groove structure in an inserting mode; the sealing ring is arranged on the outer peripheral side of the inserting opening end, and the sealing ring abuts against the inner surface of the steel lantern ring; wherein a plug-in unit is arranged between the socket end and the spigot end. According to the joint structure, on the basis that the waterproof effect is guaranteed, a matched pouring process can be avoided, joint hidden diseases caused by the high requirement for the pouring quality in the matched pouring process are further avoided, meanwhile, the construction difficulty is lowered, and the construction efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of immersed tunnel technology, and in particular to a segmental joint structure for immersed tunnels and an immersed tunnel segment. Background Technology

[0002] Immersed tunnels are underwater tunnels constructed using the immersed tube method. The immersed tube method, short for prefabricated segment immersion method, is a construction method for building tunnels underwater. It involves floating several prefabricated tube sections to the construction site on the water surface, and then immersing them one by one into a pre-dredged underwater trench. The sections are connected by joints to form a complete tunnel structure. The structural forms of immersed tunnel tube sections are mainly divided into three categories: flexible tube sections (segmented), rigid tube sections (integral), and semi-rigid tube sections. Flexible tube sections are divided into several smaller segments, with discontinuous reinforcement between segments, and shear-resistant and water-stopping devices at the segment joints. Rigid tube sections are integrally cast, forming a continuous, complete structure in the longitudinal direction. Semi-rigid pipe sections are a hybrid approach between rigid and flexible pipe sections. Based on the flexible pipe section approach, multiple segments are connected into a single pipe section using prestressing. However, the prestressed steel bars are not cut after installation. The friction generated by the normal pressure between the segments improves the vertical shear resistance of the segment joints while reducing the joint opening and enhancing the waterproofing performance of the waterstop. Both flexible and semi-rigid pipe sections offer better adaptability to the tunnel foundation strata. The segment joints are a key technical aspect, and the quality of the joint construction directly affects the tunnel's structural safety, waterproofing performance, and service life.

[0003] Currently, embedded waterstops are commonly used as a primary water-stopping structure in the segmental joints of immersed tunnels. Since these waterstops need to be embedded in adjacent segments, a matching casting process is required, where the end faces of adjacent segments serve as the casting template for the second segment. This matching casting process requires a large casting area and has low efficiency, reducing the project's economic viability. Furthermore, traditional segmental joints often use shear keys as shear-resistant structures. Shear keys and corresponding grooves are installed on the end faces of adjacent segments, and the connection between segments and the transfer of shear loads are achieved through the matching insertion of the shear keys and grooves. Practice shows that the confined spaces and complex structures of shear keys and grooves make quality control during matching casting difficult, leading to hidden defects such as incomplete filling that are hard to detect and repair, resulting in potential leakage risks at the joint location. Therefore, to meet project requirements, extremely high construction control techniques are needed, significantly increasing the construction difficulty. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a segmental joint structure for immersed tunnels and an immersed tunnel segment. This segmental joint structure, while ensuring waterproofing, can avoid the need for matching pouring processes, thereby avoiding hidden joint defects caused by high pouring quality requirements during the matching pouring process. At the same time, it reduces construction difficulty and improves construction efficiency.

[0005] This invention provides a segmental joint structure for immersed tunnels, used to connect adjacent first and second segments of the same tunnel section. The joint structure includes: a socket end, disposed at one end of the first segment; a steel collar, fixedly disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the socket end, the steel collar extending from the end of the socket end and forming a slot structure inside the steel collar; a spigot end, disposed at one end of the second segment, the spigot end being inserted into the slot structure; and a sealing ring, disposed on the outer circumferential side of the spigot end, the sealing ring abutting against the inner surface of the steel collar; wherein, an insertion unit is provided between the socket end and the spigot end.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the outer peripheral surface of the socket end is provided with a thinning structure, which allows the socket end to fit with the slot structure with a clearance; wherein, the sealing ring is provided on the outer peripheral side of the thinning structure.

[0007] In one possible implementation, a first mounting groove is provided on the outer periphery of the thinned structure, and a sealing ring is installed in the first mounting groove.

[0008] In one possible implementation, a grouting channel is provided at the spigot end, which penetrates the bottom plate of the spigot end and is used to grout the soil and rock mass below the connection between the spigot end and the socket end.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the bottom of the grouting channel is located at the thinning structure and at the end of the steel collar furthest from the socket end.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the plug-in unit includes: a first sleeve disposed on the end face of the socket end; a second sleeve disposed on the end face of the plug end and disposed opposite to the first sleeve; and a shear bar, one end of which is inserted into the first sleeve and the other end of which is inserted into the second sleeve.

[0011] In one possible implementation, a plastic sleeve is provided at one end of the shear bar, and the plastic sleeve is inserted into the first sleeve or the second sleeve.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the end face of the socket end is provided with a second mounting groove in a circumferential direction, and also includes an elastic sealing gasket disposed in the second mounting groove, a portion of which extends out of the second mounting groove and abuts against the end face of the spigot end.

[0013] In one possible implementation, a first groove is provided circumferentially on the inner side of the socket end, and a second groove is provided circumferentially on the inner side of the spigot end. The first groove and the second groove are connected. The system also includes a water-stop component, which is disposed in the first groove and the second groove to seal the inner side of the gap between the socket end and the spigot end.

[0014] In one possible implementation, a sealant is provided at the connection between the end face of the socket and the steel collar.

[0015] In one possible implementation, an anchor bar is pre-embedded inside the socket end, and the steel collar is connected to the anchor bar.

[0016] In one possible implementation, the inner surface of the steel collar is provided with two water-swellable rubber strips, which abut against the outer periphery of the socket end. Along the axial direction of the steel collar, the two water-swellable rubber strips are located on both sides of the anchor bar.

[0017] In one possible implementation, a rubber plate is provided between the socket end and the spigot end.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention provides an immersed tunnel segment, comprising: multiple segments arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the segment, each segment having a connecting hole along the extension direction of the segment, and adjacent segments being connected by the aforementioned immersed tunnel segment joint structure; and prestressed steel strands penetrating the connecting holes of the multiple segments for connecting the multiple segments along the extension direction of the segment.

[0019] The immersed tunnel segment joint structure provided by this invention achieves precise positioning between the first segment and the second stage by fixing a steel collar on the outer circumference of the socket end and extending the steel collar from the end of the socket end to form a slot structure inside. This, combined with the insertion of the spigot end into the slot structure, ensures smooth insertion of the spigot unit and forms a shear-resistant structure between the first segment and the second stage. A sealing ring forms a water-stopping structure between the spigot end and the steel collar, eliminating the need for embedded waterstops to achieve waterproofing. This avoids the need for matching pouring processes, thus preventing hidden joint defects caused by high pouring quality requirements during matching pouring. It also reduces construction difficulty and improves construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a segmental joint structure for an immersed tunnel provided by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point A.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a segment joint structure for immersed tunnel provided by the present invention before insertion.

[0024] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of a plug-in unit provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the grouting structure of a segmental joint structure for an immersed tunnel provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a sealing ring provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a socket end provided by the present invention.

[0028] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of a planar structure of a connector end provided by the present invention.

[0029] Figure 9 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of a immersed tunnel segment provided by the present invention.

[0030] Figure label: a. First segment; b. Second segment; 1. Socket end; 11. Second mounting groove; 12. First groove; 13. Anchor bar; 2. Steel collar; 21. Chamfered structure; 22. Water-swellable rubber strip; 3. Insert end; 31. Thinning structure; 32. Second groove; 33. Grouting channel; 34. First mounting groove; 4. Plug-in unit; 41. First sleeve; 42. Second sleeve; 43. Shear bar; 44. Plastic sleeve; 5. Sealing ring; 6. Elastic sealing gasket; 7. Water-stopping component; 8. Sealant; 9. Prestressed steel strand; 10. Rubber sheet. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0032] The following is combined with Figures 1 to 9 This invention describes a segmental joint structure for immersed tunnels, used to connect adjacent segments a and b within the same tunnel section. The joint structure includes: a socket end 1, located at one end of the first segment a; a steel collar 2, fixedly located on the outer circumferential surface of the socket end 1, extending from the end of the socket end 1 and forming a slot structure inside the steel collar 2; a spigot end 3, located at one end of the second segment b, which is inserted into the slot structure; and a sealing ring 5, located on the outer circumferential side of the spigot end 3, abutting against the inner surface of the steel collar 2; wherein a spigot unit 4 is provided between the socket end 1 and the spigot end 3.

[0033] In this invention, a steel collar 2 is fixedly installed on the outer circumferential surface of the socket end 1, and the steel collar 2 extends from the end of the socket end 1 to form a slot structure inside. With the insertion of the socket end 3 into the slot structure, precise positioning between the first segment a and the second stage is achieved, ensuring that the insertion unit 4 can be smoothly inserted, and forming a shear-resistant structure between the first segment a and the second stage. A sealing ring 5 forms a sealing and water-stopping structure between the socket end 3 and the steel collar 2. Waterproofing can be achieved without the need for an embedded waterstop, which avoids the matching pouring process and thus avoids the hidden defects of the joint caused by the high pouring quality requirements during the matching pouring process. At the same time, it reduces the construction difficulty and improves the construction efficiency.

[0034] Specifically, the steel collar 2 is fixedly mounted on the outer circumference of the socket end 1. This arrangement, with the steel collar 2 extending from the end of the socket end 1, naturally forms a slot structure with a certain depth and inner diameter inside the steel collar 2. The insertion end 3 is located at one end of the second segment b, and its outer contour dimensions match the inner diameter of the slot structure. When the second segment b moves towards the first segment a, the insertion end 3 enters the slot structure. The inner wall of the steel collar 2 forms a ring constraint on the insertion end 3, guiding it axially into the slot structure. During this process, even if there is a slight positional deviation between segments, the insertion end 3 will gradually adjust to the correct position under the guidance of the steel collar 2, ultimately achieving precise docking with the socket end 1.

[0035] like Figure 9As shown, segment a and segment b describe two segments connected at their ends. When a segment is an intermediate segment, one end is set as the socket end 1 and the other end as the spigot end 3. This can be either segment a or segment b, thus achieving sequential connection of segments. When a segment is located at the beginning or end, only the socket end 1 or the spigot end 3 can be provided.

[0036] In related technologies, currently, embedded waterstops are used as one of the main water-stopping structures for the joints of immersed tunnel segments. Since the embedded waterstops need to be buried in two adjacent segments, a matching casting process must be used for the segments, where the end faces of adjacent segments serve as the casting template for the second segment. This matching casting process requires a large casting area and has low casting efficiency, leading to reduced project economics. During the matching casting process, shear keys and other structures are prone to hidden defects such as incomplete filling, which are difficult to detect and repair, resulting in a significant risk of water leakage at the joint. Therefore, to meet project requirements, extremely high construction control techniques are needed, significantly increasing the construction difficulty.

[0037] In this embodiment, a steel collar 2 is provided on the outer periphery of the socket end 1. When the spigot end 3 is inserted into the steel collar 2, a reliable connection between the spigot end 3 and the socket end 1 is achieved. At this time, the sealing ring 5 on the outer periphery of the spigot end 3 is tightly pressed against the inner surface of the steel collar 2, forming a sealed and water-stopping structure. Therefore, there is no need to use an embedded waterstop strip, and thus no need to use a matching casting process. This avoids the hidden defects in the joint caused by the high casting quality requirements during the matching casting process, thereby reducing the risk of water leakage at the joint. At the same time, without the need for a matching casting process, multiple segments can be cast simultaneously and dispersed, and then inserted after casting. This effectively reduces the size of the pipe section prefabrication site, reduces the construction difficulty, and improves construction efficiency.

[0038] The outer surface of the steel collar 2 is coated with an anti-corrosion coating to improve its corrosion resistance. A corrosion-resistant thickness can also be reserved for the steel collar 2, ensuring structural strength even if a certain thickness of the outer layer is corroded away. Under extremely harsh conditions, sacrificial anode blocks can be installed on the surface of the steel collar 2 on the top plate and sidewalls of the segment for cathodic protection.

[0039] During segmental prefabrication, stiffening ribs can be installed on the surface of the steel collar 2 to support it and prevent the top and bottom plates of the steel collar 2 from deforming due to gravity. The stiffening ribs are welded to the outer surface of the steel collar 2. After the insertion end 3 is completed and connected to the steel collar 2, the stiffening ribs can be removed.

[0040] like Figure 2As shown, in some embodiments, a thinning structure 31 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the socket end 3, and the thinning structure 31 makes the socket end 3 and the slot structure fit together with a clearance; wherein, the sealing ring 5 is provided on the outer peripheral side of the thinning structure 31.

[0041] In this invention, the thinning structure 31 on the outer periphery of the socket end 3 reduces the wall thickness in this area, making the outer diameter of the socket end 3 smaller than its original size, thus forming a clearance fit with the slot structure inside the steel collar 2 of the socket end 1. The geometric dimensions of the thinning structure 31 control the fit clearance between the socket end 3 and the slot, ensuring smooth insertion while reserving necessary space for the sealing system. The clearance fit avoids excessive resistance during insertion, reducing the load requirements on construction equipment. Meanwhile, the sealing ring 5 on the outer periphery of the socket end 3 abuts against the inner surface of the steel collar 2, effectively waterproofing and sealing the gap between the socket end 3 and the steel collar 2.

[0042] Specifically, the thinned structure 31 is formed during the prefabrication of the socket end 3 using a mold, and the thinning depth is determined according to the required fitting clearance. When the socket end 3 is inserted, a uniform gap is maintained between the outer surface of the thinned structure 31 and the inner surface of the steel collar 2. This gap provides space for the compression of the sealing ring 5 and compensates for manufacturing and installation errors. The transition section of the thinned structure 31 adopts an arc or conical surface design to avoid stress concentration.

[0043] In some embodiments, the length of the thinning structure 31 along the extension direction of the second segment b is greater than or equal to the length of the steel collar 2 extending out of the socket end 1.

[0044] In this invention, the matching relationship between the length of the thinning structure 31 extending along the second segment b and the length of the steel collar 2 extending out of the socket end 1 ensures the full insertion of the socket end 3. When the length of the thinning structure 31 is greater than or equal to the length of the steel collar 2 extending out, the socket end 3 can fully enter the slot structure, achieving a full socket connection.

[0045] Specifically, the length design of the thinning structure 31 needs to take into account the full insertion of the socket end 3 and the effective length of the sealing system. When the socket end 3 is inserted into place, the end of the thinning structure 31 is aligned with or extends beyond the end of the steel collar 2, ensuring a clearance fit is maintained throughout the insertion process.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, a first mounting groove 34 is provided on the outer periphery of the thinning structure 31, and the sealing ring 5 is installed in the first mounting groove 34.

[0047] In this invention, by providing a first mounting groove 34 on the outer periphery of a thinner structure, the sealing ring 5 can be effectively fixed, preventing the sealing ring 5 from slipping due to friction when the insertion end 3 is inserted into the steel collar 2, thereby ensuring that the sealing ring 5 can reliably seal the gap between the insertion end 3 and the steel collar 2.

[0048] like Figure 6 As shown, specifically, the sealing ring 5 is a beak-shaped rubber ring, installed on the outer circumference of the thinned structure 31, replacing the traditional embedded waterstop, thus achieving a reliable seal on the outside of the pipe joint. The beak-shaped rubber ring has a unique lip structure, with its lip end pointing towards the direction of external water pressure. Under water pressure, it actively adheres to the inner surface of the steel collar 2, increasing the sealing effect with increasing water pressure, while also adapting to the deformation of the joint segment. When the socket end 3 is inserted into the slot structure of the steel collar 2, the beak-shaped rubber ring forms a sealing contact with the inner surface of the steel collar 2. Under external water pressure, the lip structure of the beak-shaped rubber ring presses against the inner surface of the steel collar 2, forming an effective sealing line. The elastic deformation capacity of the beak-shaped rubber ring allows it to maintain a sealing effect while following the relative movement of the segment.

[0049] In one specific embodiment, when the immersed tunnel is subjected to external factors such as seismic loads, temperature changes, or foundation settlement during use, relative displacement in the axial, radial, or angular directions may occur between adjacent segments. The eagle-beak rubber ring waterstop structure can adapt to large deformations of the segment joint in any direction. Its elastic deformation characteristics ensure that it can maintain sealed contact with the steel collar 2 even under large displacement conditions, ensuring the waterproof effect on the outside of the joint.

[0050] In related technologies, segmental joints typically use embedded waterstops for external sealing. These waterstops are pre-embedded in the concrete structure, achieving sealing through the bonding of rubber materials to the concrete. The sealing effect of embedded waterstops relies primarily on the compression deformation of the rubber itself. When significant relative displacement occurs between pipe sections, the waterstop is prone to detachment from the concrete or excessive stretching of the rubber material, leading to seal failure. Furthermore, embedded waterstops require a matching casting process. In this embodiment of the invention, the beak-shaped rubber ring possesses active sealing characteristics; the higher the water pressure, the better the sealing effect. It can adapt to large deformations in all directions of the pipe joint, significantly enhancing waterproof reliability, and eliminates the need for a matching casting process.

[0051] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, at least two sealing rings 5 ​​are provided, and at least two sealing rings 5 ​​are spaced apart along the extension direction of the insertion end 3.

[0052] In this invention, by setting at least two sealing rings 5 ​​and spacing them apart along the extension direction of the insertion end 3, a double-beak rubber ring water-stop structure is formed, realizing a multi-layer sealing protection system. The spaced arrangement of the double beak rubber rings establishes two independent sealing barriers between the insertion end 3 and the steel collar 2. Even if one seal fails, the other can still provide effective waterproof protection.

[0053] like Figure 6 and Figure 8 As shown, in some embodiments, the spigot end 3 is provided with a grouting channel 33, which penetrates the bottom plate of the spigot end 3 and is used to grout the soil and rock mass below the connection between the spigot end 3 and the socket end 1.

[0054] In this invention, the grouting channel 33 penetrates the bottom plate of the spigot end 3, providing a dedicated channel for foundation reinforcement in the joint area. When the pipe section is assembled and placed at the designated location in the tunnel site, reinforcement material can be injected into the foundation area below the connection between the spigot end 3 and the socket end 1 through the grouting channel 33, improving the density and bearing capacity of the foundation in this area. Foundation reinforcement reduces differential settlement in the joint area caused by uneven foundation stiffness, further increasing the waterproof reliability of the segmental joint.

[0055] Specifically, the grouting channel 33 is formed using pre-embedded pipe fittings, and the channel diameter is determined based on the grouting volume and pressure. The grouting material typically uses cement grout, cement mortar, or chemical grout, selected according to the foundation soil conditions and reinforcement requirements. The grouting process ensures reinforcement effectiveness without damaging the structure by controlling the grouting pressure and volume.

[0056] In this embodiment of the invention, the grouting channel 33 provides a convenient means for the later treatment of the joint foundation, allowing for targeted reinforcement based on actual conditions. This design enhances the adaptability of the project, enabling timely handling even when foundation conditions change. The grouting channel 33 also provides a means for long-term maintenance, allowing for preventative reinforcement based on monitoring results.

[0057] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the bottom of the grouting channel 33 is located at the thinning structure 31 and at the end of the steel collar 2 furthest from the socket end 1.

[0058] In this invention, by placing the bottom of the grouting channel 33 at the thinning structure 31, and at the end of the steel collar 2 furthest from the socket end 1, the uniform distribution and effective injection of grout are achieved by utilizing the gap space formed between the thinning structure 31 and the foundation. Because the thinning structure 31 is thinned and protrudes slightly from other parts of the pipe section bottom, a certain gap exists between the bottom surface of the thinning structure 31 and the foundation. When the bottom of the grouting channel 33 is positioned here, the thinning structure 31 effectively distributes the grout, preventing the bottom of the grouting channel 33 from being blocked by the foundation and ensuring the effectiveness of the grouting operation.

[0059] Specifically, the grouting channel 33 penetrates the bottom plate of the spigot end 3, with its bottom opening located at the thinning structure 31. Because the thinning structure 31 has undergone thinning processing, its outer diameter is smaller than that of other parts of the spigot end 3. When the pipe section is installed on the foundation, other parts of the bottom of the spigot end 3 are in close contact with the foundation, while the thinning structure 31, due to its smaller outer diameter, creates a gap between its bottom surface and the foundation. When the grout is injected through the grouting channel 33, it first enters the gap between the bottom surface of the thinning structure 31 and the foundation, and then diffuses along the gap, achieving uniform distribution of the grout. This arrangement ensures that the grout does not directly impact the foundation surface, but rather undergoes pre-dispersion within the gap space.

[0060] In this embodiment of the invention, the design of placing the bottom of the grouting channel 33 at the thinning structure 31 effectively solves the problem of grouting pipe blockage. The gap between the thinning structure 31 and the foundation provides a protective space for the bottom of the grouting channel 33, preventing it from being blocked by direct contact with the foundation surface. Simultaneously, the existence of this gap allows the grout to pre-diffuse at the thinning structure 31 and then permeate into the surrounding foundation. The thinning structure 31 effectively distributes the grout, improving the uniformity and penetration of the grouting, and ensuring the reliability and quality of the grouting operation.

[0061] like Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, the insertion unit 4 includes: a first sleeve 41 disposed on the end face of the socket end 1; a second sleeve 42 disposed on the end face of the insertion end 3 and disposed opposite to the first sleeve 41; and a shear rod 43, one end of which is inserted into the first sleeve 41 and the other end of which is inserted into the second sleeve 42.

[0062] In this invention, the first sleeve 41 is pre-embedded at the end face of the socket end 1, and the second sleeve 42 is pre-embedded at the end face of the insertion end 3. Multiple first sleeves 41 and multiple second sleeves 42 are respectively provided, and multiple first sleeves 41 are respectively arranged opposite to multiple second sleeves 42. One end of multiple shear bars 43 is inserted into multiple first sleeves 41, and the other end of multiple shear bars 43 is inserted into multiple second sleeves 42, so as to ensure the shear resistance performance of the first segment a and the second segment b.

[0063] Specifically, firstly, one end of each of the multiple shear bars 43 is inserted into a multiple first sleeves 41. During the insertion of the first segment a and the second stage, the thinning structure 31 is inserted into the slot structure to achieve initial positioning, thereby aligning the other ends of the multiple shear bars 43 with the multiple second sleeves 42. In the further insertion process, the ends of the multiple shear bars 43 are inserted into the multiple second sleeves 42 to achieve a reliable connection.

[0064] In some embodiments, a plastic sleeve 44 is provided at one end of the shear bar 43, and the plastic sleeve 44 is inserted into the first sleeve 41 or the second sleeve 42.

[0065] In this invention, a plastic sleeve 44 is provided at the end of the shear rod 43. The plastic sleeve 44 is inserted into the first sleeve 41 and the plastic sleeve 44 is interference-fitted with the first sleeve 41 to ensure that the shear rod 43 is coaxial with the first sleeve 41, thereby ensuring that the shear rod 43 is coaxial with the second sleeve 42. This facilitates the smooth insertion of multiple shear rods 43 into multiple second sleeves 42 when the insertion end 3 and the socket end 1 are connected.

[0066] Specifically, the inner diameters of the first sleeve 41 and the second sleeve 42 are the same, and the outer diameter of the shear rod 43 is 8-10 mm smaller than the inner diameters of the first sleeve 41 and the second sleeve 42, so as to facilitate insertion.

[0067] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, the end face of the socket end 1 is provided with a second mounting groove 11 in a circumferential manner, and also includes an elastic sealing gasket 6 disposed in the second mounting groove 11. A portion of the elastic sealing gasket 6 extends out of the second mounting groove 11 and abuts against the end face of the socket end 3.

[0068] In this invention, a second mounting groove 11 is provided circumferentially on the end face of the socket end 1. An elastic sealing gasket 6 is glued in the mounting groove, and a part of the elastic sealing gasket 6 extends out of the second mounting groove 11. When the plug end 3 and the socket end 1 are plugged in, the elastic sealing gasket 6 abuts against the end face of the plug end 3. The elastic sealing gasket 6 is compressed and forms a water-stopping structure at the connection between the plug end 3 and the socket end 1, which can further enhance the reliability of waterproofing.

[0069] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, a first groove 12 is provided circumferentially on the inner side of the socket end 1, and a second groove 32 is provided circumferentially on the inner side of the spigot end 3. The first groove 12 and the second groove 32 are connected. The device also includes a water-stopping component 7, which is disposed in the first groove 12 and the second groove 32 and is used to seal the inner side of the gap between the socket end 1 and the spigot end 3.

[0070] In this invention, the first groove 12 and the second groove 32 are respectively disposed inside the socket end 1 and the spigot end 3. The connection between the first groove 12 and the second groove 32 provides a continuous installation space for the water-stopping assembly 7. The water-stopping assembly 7 is disposed inside the joint, forming an internal sealing barrier, which, together with the external sealing system, constitutes a multi-layered waterproofing system. The internal water-stopping system primarily prevents small amounts of water from seeping in through the external seal, serving as the last line of defense to protect the tunnel's internal environment.

[0071] Specifically, the cross-sectional shapes of the first groove 12 and the second groove 32 are designed according to the type of the water-stop component 7, typically using dovetail grooves or rectangular grooves. The water-stop component 7 uses OMEGA-type water-stop tape or other elastic water-stop materials, forming a sealing contact within the grooves through pre-compression deformation. The interconnection of the grooves ensures the continuity of the water-stop component 7, avoiding any interruption in the seal.

[0072] In one specific embodiment, the inner waterproofing system provides reliable final protection when a dry environment needs to be maintained inside the tunnel. Even if minor leakage occurs in the external seal, the inner waterproofing component 7 can still prevent moisture from entering the tunnel, protecting the tunnel's normal functionality. During tunnel maintenance and repair, the inner waterproofing system provides a dry working environment for operations.

[0073] In this embodiment of the invention, the multi-layered sealing and waterproofing system significantly improves waterproofing reliability. Even if the external seal fails, the internal seal can still protect the tunnel interior. This design is particularly suitable for underwater tunnels with extremely high waterproofing requirements, providing multiple safeguards for the long-term safe operation of the tunnel. The internal water-stopping system also facilitates maintenance and inspection; the condition of the external seal can be determined by observing whether there is water seepage on the inside.

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, a sealant 8 is provided at the connection between the end face of the socket end 1 and the steel collar 2.

[0075] In this invention, a circumferential adhesive groove is provided on the outer ring of the end face of the socket end 1. Sealant 8 is applied into the adhesive groove and is specifically used to seal the gap between the socket end 1 and the steel collar 2. The fluidity of the sealant 8 allows it to fully fill various irregular gaps on the outside of the joint, forming a continuous sealing layer and ensuring a waterproof seal between the steel collar 2 and the socket end 1.

[0076] Specifically, sealant 8 uses a polymer material with good water resistance and high adhesive strength, such as polyurethane or silicone sealant. Sealant 8 is applied as a liquid during construction and forms an elastic sealing layer after curing. Sealant 8 can form a good bond with concrete and steel, adapting to a variety of joint materials. Its elastic properties allow it to accommodate minor deformations of the joint without cracking.

[0077] In this embodiment of the invention, the flow characteristics of sealant 8 can handle various complex joint gaps without being limited by geometry. The combined use of sealant 8 and mechanical seal takes into account both the reliability and adaptability of the seal, forming a more complete external sealing system. The combination of chemical and physical sealing provides higher waterproof security.

[0078] like Figure 1 As shown, in some embodiments, an anchor bar 13 is pre-embedded inside the socket end 1, and the steel collar 2 is connected to the anchor bar 13.

[0079] In this invention, by pre-embedding anchor bars 13 inside the socket end 1, the ends of the anchor bars 13 extend out of the outer periphery of the socket end 1 and are connected to the steel collar 2. They can be fixed by welding or by bolts, which facilitates the connection between the steel collar 2 and the socket end 1 and ensures the reliability of the connection between the steel collar 2 and the socket end 1.

[0080] In some embodiments, the inner surface of the steel collar 2 is provided with two water-swellable rubber strips 22, which abut against the outer periphery of the socket end 1. Along the axial direction of the steel collar 2, the two water-swellable rubber strips 22 are located on both sides of the anchor bar 13.

[0081] In this invention, by setting two water-swellable rubber strips 22 on the inner surface of the steel collar 2, the gap between the steel collar 2 and the socket end 1 can be sealed. The two water-swellable rubber strips 22 are located on both sides of the anchor bar 13, which prevents water from affecting the connection between the anchor bar 13 and the steel collar 2, and further ensures the connection reliability of the steel collar 2.

[0082] like Figure 1 and Figure 4 As shown, in some embodiments, a rubber plate 10 is provided between the socket end 1 and the insertion end 3.

[0083] In this invention, the rubber plate 10 is disposed between the end face of the socket end 1 and the end face of the spigot end 3. The rubber plate 10 provides a safety protection effect. Multiple segments are connected in series by prestressed steel strands 9 to form a complete pipe section. When multiple segments of the prestressed steel strands 9 are longitudinally constrained, the rubber plate 10 can provide a buffering effect to avoid damage caused by rigid compression between the spigot end 3 and the socket end 1 of adjacent segments.

[0084] Specifically, the rubber sheet 10 is made of nitrile cork rubber sheet 10, and the rubber sheet 10 has holes at the positions of shear bar 43, prestressed steel strand 9, first sleeve 41 and second sleeve 42.

[0085] As shown in the figure, in some embodiments, the end of the steel collar 2 away from the socket end 1 is provided with a chamfered structure 21 for guiding the spigot end 3.

[0086] In this invention, a chamfered structure 21 is located at the end of the steel collar 2 furthest from the socket end 1, providing a guiding function for the insertion of the insertion end 3. The beveled surface of the chamfer guides the insertion end 3 smoothly into the slot, avoiding jamming and collision during the insertion process, and reducing impact and damage to the joint structure. The chamfered structure 21 compensates for positioning deviations during construction, improving the success rate and safety of the insertion operation.

[0087] Specifically, the angle and length of the chamfer structure 21 are determined based on the geometry of the socket end 3 and the expected insertion accuracy, typically using a 45-degree angle or a rounded transition. The chamfered surface is smooth, reducing insertion resistance. The chamfer structure 21 can be machined simultaneously during the manufacture of the steel collar 2, or it can be machined separately before installation. The presence of the chamfer allows the socket end 3 to be guided into the correct position even if there is a slight initial offset.

[0088] like Figure 9 As shown, the present invention provides an immersed tunnel segment, comprising: multiple segments arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the segment, each segment having a connecting hole along the extension direction of the segment, and adjacent segments being connected by the aforementioned immersed tunnel segment joint structure; and prestressed steel strands 9 penetrating the connecting holes of the multiple segments for connecting the multiple segments along the extension direction of the segment.

[0089] In this invention, the pipe section adopts a semi-rigid system, comprising multiple segments connected by the aforementioned joint structure. These segments are also connected in series and longitudinally tensioned by prestressed steel strands 9 to form a complete pipe section. Later, the prestressed steel strands 9 between adjacent segments can be cut to form a flexible pipe section system.

[0090] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A segmental joint structure for immersed tunnels, used to connect adjacent first and second segments of the same tunnel section, characterized in that, The connector structure includes: The socket end (1) is located at one end of the first segment; A steel collar (2) is fixedly disposed on the outer circumferential surface of the socket end (1). The steel collar (2) extends out from the end of the socket end (1) and forms a slot structure inside the steel collar (2). The socket end (3) is located at one end of the second segment, and the socket end (3) is inserted into the slot structure; A sealing ring (5) is provided on the outer periphery of the insertion end (3), and the sealing ring (5) abuts against the inner surface of the steel collar (2); A plug-in unit (4) is provided between the socket end (1) and the plug end (3).

2. The immersed tunnel segment joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer peripheral surface of the socket end (3) is provided with a thinning structure (31), which makes the socket end (3) fit with the slot structure with a clearance. The sealing ring (5) is disposed on the outer periphery of the thinning structure (31).

3. The immersed tunnel segment joint structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The outer periphery of the thinning structure (31) is provided with a first mounting groove (34), and the sealing ring (5) is installed in the first mounting groove (34).

4. The immersed tunnel segment joint structure according to claim 2, characterized in that, The socket end (3) is provided with a grouting channel (33), which penetrates the bottom plate of the socket end (3) and is used to grout the soil and rock mass below the connection between the socket end (3) and the socket end (1).

5. The immersed tunnel segment joint structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The bottom of the grouting channel (33) is located at the thinning structure (31) and at the end of the steel collar (2) away from the socket end (1).

6. The immersed tunnel segment joint structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plug-in unit (4) includes: The first sleeve (41) is disposed on the end face of the socket end (1); The second sleeve (42) is disposed on the end face of the socket end (3) and is disposed opposite to the first sleeve (41); A shear bar (43) is inserted into the first sleeve (41) at one end and into the second sleeve (42) at the other end.

7. The immersed tunnel segment joint structure according to claim 6, characterized in that, One end of the shear bar (43) is provided with a plastic sleeve (44), which is inserted into the first sleeve (41) or the second sleeve.

8. The immersed tunnel segment joint structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The end face of the socket end (1) is provided with a second mounting groove (11) in a circumferential direction, and also includes an elastic sealing gasket (6) disposed in the second mounting groove (11). A portion of the elastic sealing gasket (6) extends out of the second mounting groove (11) and abuts against the end face of the plug end (3).

9. The immersed tunnel segment joint structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, The inner side of the socket end (1) is provided with a first groove (12) and the inner side of the spigot end (3) is provided with a second groove (32). The first groove (12) and the second groove (32) are connected. The device also includes a water-stop component (7). The water-stop component (7) is disposed in the first groove (12) and the second groove (32) and is used to seal the inner side of the gap between the socket end (1) and the spigot end (3).

10. The immersed tunnel segment joint structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, A sealant (8) is provided at the connection between the end face of the socket end (1) and the steel collar (2).

11. The immersed tunnel segment joint structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, An anchor bar (13) is pre-embedded inside the socket end (1), and the steel collar (2) is connected to the anchor bar (13).

12. The immersed tunnel segment joint structure according to claim 11, characterized in that, The inner surface of the steel collar (2) is provided with two water-swellable rubber strips (22). The two water-swellable rubber strips (22) abut against the outer periphery of the socket end (1). Along the axial direction of the steel collar (2), the two water-swellable rubber strips (22) are located on both sides of the anchor bar (13).

13. The immersed tunnel segment joint structure according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, A rubber plate (10) is provided between the socket end (1) and the insertion end (3).

14. A type of immersed tunnel segment, characterized in that, include: Multiple segments are arranged sequentially along the extension direction of the tunnel section. Each segment has a connecting hole along the extension direction of the tunnel section. Adjacent segments are connected by a segment joint structure for immersed tunnels as described in any one of claims 1-13. Prestressed steel strands (9) pass through the connecting holes of the multiple segments for connecting the multiple segments along the extension direction of the pipe section.

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