Roadway arrangement method for vertical groove coal mining

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, in particular to a roadway arrangement method for vertical groove coal mining, which comprises the following steps: step 1, arrangement of a development system: arranging a main vertical shaft, an auxiliary vertical shaft and an air return vertical shaft in a side rock stratum of a coal seam floor, and intercommunicating the main vertical shaft, the auxiliary vertical shaft and the air return vertical shaft with a shaft station through a roadway under the shaft, an air return main roadway, a transportation main roadway and a rail main roadway which are arranged in a coal seam bottom plate rock stratum are excavated from a shaft station. The system is reasonable and compact in structure and convenient to use, and a plurality of connection roadways are arranged between the material conveying crossheading well and the pedestrian dedicated crossheading well, so that a multi-point intercommunication three-dimensional connection network is constructed; by constructing a comprehensive roadway arrangement system which takes a crossheading well as a core and is communicated with each horizontal main roadway and a slip coal hole through a cross-cut, mechanical, safe and intelligent continuous mining of the vertical groove coal seam with the thickness of 4-10m is realized, and the comprehensive roadway arrangement system has the characteristics of high efficiency, high recovery rate and simple process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of coal mining technology, specifically a method for the layout of shafts in vertical coal mining. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of coal mining technology, steeply dipping coal seams with a dip angle of 60° to 90° are generally defined as vertical shaft coal seams. Currently, research on mining technologies for this type of coal seam is relatively scarce. Driven by short-term high profits and low costs, some small mines primarily mine the exposed portions of vertical shaft coal seams; however, these small mines generally suffer from extremely low recovery rates, outdated mining techniques, and poor safety conditions. While mechanized production is theoretically possible for large-scale vertical shaft coal seams, practical applications face numerous difficulties. Existing integrated mechanized production methods are mainly concentrated in mines with coal thicknesses greater than 20 meters, typically employing strike-and-reach short-arm mining, resulting in relatively low production efficiency. For stable coal seams with thicknesses of 1.5 to 6 meters, pseudo-inclined flexible shield supports are often used. However, this method is essentially a blasting process, with low mechanization and low mining efficiency, and requires frequent installation and dismantling of supports, hindering the promotion of intelligent production technologies. In particular, mature integrated mechanized mining technologies are currently lacking for vertical shaft coal seams with thicknesses of 4 to 10 meters.

[0003] Chinese patent document CN110566205B discloses a method for mining steeply inclined coal seams, characterized by horizontal segmented mining of the steeply inclined coal seam, with a return air roadway arranged in the upper part of the segment and a transport roadway arranged in the lower part, and an opening cutter arranged inclined along the coal seam strike, the angle between the opening cutter and the transport roadway ranging from 8° to 40°, and a hydraulic support with an n-shaped cross section, a scraper conveyor and a coal mining machine arranged in the opening cutter. This mining method is mainly used for steeply inclined coal seams with a thickness of less than 8 meters and an inclination angle of more than 45 degrees. However, when applied to vertical coal seam mining of 4 to 10 meters, the following problems exist: (1) This scheme relies on a specific angle arrangement of 8° to 40° between the cut-out and the transport roadway. When the thickness of the coal seam increases to 4 to 10 meters, the stability control of the support becomes more difficult, and the direction length of the working face is limited, which is not conducive to large-scale continuous mining; (2) The hydraulic support with an n-shaped cross section is complex in structure and has high manufacturing cost. Moreover, under the condition of vertical coal seam with an inclination of nearly 90 degrees, the anti-tipping and anti-slip of the support and its maintenance are extremely difficult; (3) The upper limit of the coal seam thickness targeted by this method is 8 meters. For the thicker part in the range of 4 to 10 meters, its equipment matching capability and mining process adaptability are insufficient, making it difficult to achieve efficient mechanized mining across the entire range.

[0004] Chinese patent document CN118933780A discloses an intelligent mining process for steeply inclined coal seams with complex structures. The process is characterized by classifying steeply inclined coal seams according to their thickness and dip angle, installing a single-gasification-face linear mining gasifier or a double-gasification-face U-shaped underground gasifier, and gasifying the coal seam by injecting oxygen-containing gasifying agents through injection wells and production wells. The technology aims to solve the mining problem of steeply inclined and complex coal seams, but when applied to the mining of vertical coal seams of 4 to 10m, the following problems exist: (1) The technology mainly adopts underground gasification technology, which directly converts coal into gas underground. This is fundamentally different from the mining method of directly obtaining solid coal resources through mechanical equipment, and cannot meet the needs of coal as a solid resource; (2) The coal seam dip angle applicable to this technology is classified as less than 65° or less than 60°, and does not include the vertical coal seam range of 60° to 90°, so it cannot solve the mining problem of high-angle vertical coal seams; (3) The underground gasification process is prone to groundwater pollution and surface subsidence risks, and the resource recovery rate is difficult to control precisely, which does not meet the requirements of green, efficient and resource-fully utilized modern mine construction.

[0005] Chinese patent document CN106522938A discloses a coal mining system and method for steeply inclined coal seams. The coal mining face is arranged horizontally along the coal seam and advances downward along the coal seam. It includes a coal mining machine, a scraper conveyor, and a three-way support shield with a top plate and two side plates. The coal mining method includes a cyclic step of excavating gaps downward at both ends of the coal mining face and then mining coal horizontally within the gaps. The system is used for downward mining of steeply inclined coal seams, but when applied to vertical coal seam mining of 4 to 10m, the following problems exist: (1) The coal mining process requires repeated downward excavation of gaps and horizontal coal mining at both ends of the working face. The process is complicated and cannot achieve continuous and high-intensity coal mining operations, which seriously affects production efficiency; (2) The three-way support shield structure is complex, which increases the manufacturing cost of the equipment and the difficulty of operation and maintenance. Moreover, under steeply inclined conditions, the stability of the side panels is difficult to guarantee; (3) The horizontally arranged working face combined with the downward advancement method can reduce the rolling of gangue when the inclination angle is small. However, under vertical coal seam conditions of 60° to 90°, the equipment anti-slip and support management face huge challenges, and there is a lack of mature roadway layout system to match it in order to achieve efficient transportation and ventilation.

[0006] In summary, existing technologies all have limitations to varying degrees when mining vertical coal seams with a thickness of 4 to 10 meters. Short-arm mining methods for thick coal seams are inefficient, while the pseudo-inclined shield support method for medium-thick coal seams has low mechanization, high labor intensity, and cannot adapt to intelligent development. Some patented technologies for steeply inclined coal seams are either limited to specific seam thickness ranges (e.g., less than 8 meters) or employ complex, unconventional mining structures (e.g., gasification, specific support structures), resulting in complex mining procedures, poor adaptability to geological conditions, and insufficient safety. Particularly for vertical coal seams with dip angles of 60° to 90°, there is currently no mature process that is simple, effective, and enables safe and efficient mechanized mining. This severely restricts the development and utilization of this type of coal resource, necessitating a new technological solution to address these issues and lay a solid foundation for large-scale mining of vertical coal seams in the future. Summary of the Invention

[0007] This invention provides a shaft layout method for vertical coal seam mining, which overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art. It can effectively solve the technical problems of the lack of mature integrated mechanized mining technology for vertical coal seam with a thickness of 4 to 10 meters, as well as the low recovery rate, cumbersome procedures, poor safety, low production efficiency and difficulty in promoting intelligent production in traditional mining methods.

[0008] The technical solution of the present invention is achieved through the following measures: A method for arranging shafts in vertical coal mining includes the following steps: Step 1, Arrange the development system: Arrange the main shaft, auxiliary shaft and return air shaft in the side rock strata of the coal seam floor. The main shaft, auxiliary shaft and return air shaft are interconnected with the bottom yard of the mine through roadways. From the bottom yard of the mine, excavate the return air roadway, transport roadway and track roadway arranged in the rock strata of the coal seam floor. Step 2, Layout of working faces: Divide the vertical coal seam of a mining level in the mine field into several inclined longwall faces along the direction of the coal seam. Each longwall face is a downcutting longwall face. The longwall roadway includes the working face cut-out, return air roadway, material transport roadway, and at least two coal chutes that run through the downcutting longwall face. The working face cut-out of the downcutting longwall face is arranged horizontally along the direction of the coal seam. The return air roadway, material transport roadway, and coal chutes are all arranged along the inclined direction of the coal seam. The downcutting longwall face is mined from top to bottom along the inclined direction of the coal seam. Step 3, forming a connection system: The lower end of the coal chute is connected to the main transport roadway via the transport gate; the upper end of the return air roadway is connected to the main return air roadway via the No. 1 return air gate; the lower end of the return air roadway is connected to the main track roadway via the No. 2 return air gate; the upper end of the material transport roadway is connected to the main return air roadway via the No. 3 return air gate; the lower end of the material transport roadway is connected to the main track roadway via the material transport gate; the upper end of the return air connecting shaft is connected to the main return air roadway via the No. 4 return air gate; the lower end of the return air connecting shaft is connected to the end of the transport roadway and the end of the main track roadway via the No. 5 return air gate; the upper ends of the return air roadway and the material transport roadway are both connected to the working face cut-out.

[0009] The following are further optimizations and / or improvements to the above-mentioned technical solution: In step 2 above, the mining roadway may also include a dedicated pedestrian shaft. A return air shaft and a material transport shaft are constructed on the left and right sides of the mining face, respectively. A dedicated pedestrian shaft is set next to the material transport shaft in the rock strata on the side of the coal seam floor. The upper end of the dedicated pedestrian shaft is connected to the working face cut-out. The material transport shaft is connected to the dedicated pedestrian shaft through several connecting roadways set at intervals above and below.

[0010] The aforementioned pedestrian-only roadway can be set parallel to the material transport roadway, and the upper end of the pedestrian-only roadway is connected to the return air main roadway through the No. 6 return air gate.

[0011] The aforementioned pedestrian-only roadway can be installed perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The upper end of the pedestrian-only roadway is connected to the return air main roadway through the No. 3 return air gate, and the lower end of the pedestrian-only roadway is connected to the track main roadway through the material transport gate.

[0012] The vertical spacing between the aforementioned connecting lanes can be 5 to 10 meters.

[0013] In step 2 above, the return air roadway, material transport roadway, and pedestrian roadway can all be arranged along the bottom plate of the vertical coal seam. The coal chute, return air roadway, material transport roadway, and pedestrian roadway are all semi-coal-rock roadways or full coal roadways.

[0014] In step 2 above, the coal chutes can be evenly distributed in the middle of the down-mining face, with the distance between adjacent coal chutes ranging from 50 to 100 meters. The coal chutes are equipped with detachable casings and a buffer device at the bottom.

[0015] In step 1 above, the return air roadway can be arranged on the bottom plate side of the coal seam at the top boundary of each level, while the transport roadway and the track roadway are arranged on the bottom plate side of the coal seam at the bottom boundary of each level, with the transport roadway being higher than the track roadway.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The coal mining face of the present invention is arranged along the dip direction of the coal seam, and the coal mining face is mined from top to bottom along the dip direction of the coal seam, which breaks through the technology that cannot be mined from bottom to bottom in the traditional vertical coal mining method. (2) The design of large-stage coal chute with a depth of over 100m replaces the traditional belt conveyor, scraper conveyor and self-flowing equipment, improving the efficiency of coal transportation at the working face. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Appendix Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the shaft and tunnel layout for vertical coal mining in Embodiments 1 to 3 and 5 to 9 of the present invention.

[0018] Appendix Figure 2 This is a schematic front view of the layout of the mining roadways in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0019] Appendix Figure 3 This is a right-side structural diagram of the mining roadway layout in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0020] Appendix Figure 4 This is a schematic front view of the layout of the mining roadway in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0021] Appendix Figure 5 This is a right-side structural diagram of the mining roadway layout in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0022] Appendix Figure 6 This is a schematic front view of the layout of the mining roadways in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0023] Appendix Figure 7 This is a right-side structural diagram of the mining roadway layout in Embodiment 4 of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0024] Appendix Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the development layout during the preparation phase of this invention. Figure 1 .

[0025] Appendix Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the mining layout method of the present invention. Figure 1 .

[0026] Appendix Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the layout of the working face mining roadways during the preparation phase of this invention. Figure 1 .

[0027] Appendix Figure 11 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the layout of the mining face roadways during the mining phase of this invention. Figure 1 .

[0028] Appendix Figure 12 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the development layout during the preparation phase of this invention. Figure 2 .

[0029] Appendix Figure 13 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the mining layout method of the present invention. Figure 2 .

[0030] Appendix Figure 14 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the layout of the working face mining roadways during the preparation phase of this invention. Figure 2 .

[0031] Appendix Figure 15 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the layout of the mining face roadways during the mining phase of this invention. Figure 2 .

[0032] Appendix Figure 16 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the development layout during the preparation phase of this invention. Figure 3 .

[0033] Appendix Figure 17 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the mining layout method of the present invention. Figure 3 .

[0034] Appendix Figure 18 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the layout of the working face mining roadways during the preparation phase of this invention. Figure 3 .

[0035] Appendix Figure 19 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the layout of the mining face roadways during the mining phase of this invention. Figure 3 .

[0036] The codes in the attached diagram are as follows: 1-Main shaft, 2-Auxiliary shaft, 3-Return air shaft, 4-Return air main roadway, 5-Return air connecting shaft, 6-Transport main roadway, 7-Railway main roadway, 8-Bottom yard, 9-Return air roadway, 10-Material transport roadway, 11-Pedestrian-only roadway, 12-Coal chute, 13-Connecting roadway, 14-Working face cut-off, 15-Transport stone gate, 16-No. 1 return air stone gate, 17-No. 2 return air stone gate, 18-No. 3 return air stone gate, 19-Material transport stone gate, 20-No. 4 return air stone gate, 21-No. 5 return air stone gate, 22-No. 6 return air stone gate, 23-Mining face, 24-Hoisting machine chamber. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and the specific implementation can be determined according to the technical solution of the present invention and the actual situation.

[0038] In this invention, for ease of description, the description of the relative positions of the components is based on the appendix to the specification. Figure 1 The layout is described using a diagrammatic method, such as front, back, top, bottom, left, right, etc. The positional relationships are determined based on the layout direction of the attached diagram in the instruction manual.

[0039] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments and accompanying drawings: Example 1: As shown in the attached document Figure 1 , 4 As shown in Figures 5, 12, 13, 14, and 15, the shaft layout method for vertical coal mining includes the following steps: Step 1, Arrange the development system: Arrange the main shaft 1, auxiliary shaft 2 and return air shaft 3 in the side rock strata of the coal seam floor. The main shaft 1, auxiliary shaft 2 and return air shaft 3 are interconnected with the bottom yard 8 in the mine through roadways. From the bottom yard 8, excavate the return air roadway 4, transport roadway 6 and track roadway 7 arranged in the rock strata of the coal seam floor; Step 2, Layout of working faces: Divide the vertical coal seam of a mining level in the mine field into several inclined longwall faces along the coal seam strike direction. Each longwall face is a downcutting longwall face. The longwall roadway includes a working face cut-out 14, a return air roadway 9, a material transport roadway 10, and at least two coal chutes 12 that penetrate the downcutting longwall face. The working face cut-out 14 of the downcutting longwall face is arranged horizontally along the coal seam strike direction. The return air roadway 9, the material transport roadway 10, and the coal chutes 12 are all arranged along the inclined direction of the coal seam. The downcutting longwall face is mined from top to bottom along the inclined direction of the coal seam. Step 3, forming a connection system: The lower end of the coal chute 12 is connected to the main transport roadway 6 via the transport gate; the upper end of the return air roadway 9 is connected to the main return air roadway 4 via the No. 1 return air gate; the lower end of the return air roadway 9 is connected to the main track roadway 7 via the No. 2 return air gate; the upper end of the material transport roadway 10 is connected to the main return air roadway 4 via the No. 3 return air gate; the lower end of the material transport roadway 10 is connected to the main track roadway 7 via the material transport gate; the upper end of the return air connecting shaft 5 is connected to the main return air roadway 4 via the No. 4 return air gate 20; the lower end of the return air connecting shaft 5 is connected to the end of the transport roadway 6 and the end of the main track roadway 7 via the No. 5 return air gate 21; the upper ends of the return air roadway 9 and the material transport roadway 10 are both connected to the working face cut-out 14.

[0040] In its application, this invention, by adopting this arrangement, proposes for the first time a systematic scheme for constructing mining roadways with the roadway shaft as the core. Specifically, the roadway shaft is arranged along the inclined direction of the vertical coal seam, and the underground roadway layout is constructed based on this, thus breaking the limitations of traditional horizontal roadway layouts. Through the arrangement of the roadway shaft and the coal chute 12 in conjunction with mechanized coal mining, the main roadway system of the floor is connected to the coal seam via the transport gate 15, No. 1 return air gate 16, No. 2 return air gate 17, No. 3 return air gate 18, material transport gate 19, No. 4 return air gate 20, and No. 5 return air gate 21. The precise docking of the internal vertical coal seam system effectively solves the problem that 4 to 10-meter-thick vertical coal seams cannot be mined using conventional U-shaped roadway layouts, enabling the effective development and utilization of thick vertical coal seams. At the same time, the system scientifically zones and independently sets up coal transportation, auxiliary transportation, personnel access, and return ventilation functions, greatly simplifying the mining process, reducing operational risks, and significantly improving the recovery rate and production efficiency. This completely solves the problems of safe, efficient, mechanized, and intelligent continuous mining in vertical coal seam mines, overcoming the technical bottlenecks of poor safety and difficulty in promoting intelligent mining in traditional mining methods. In addition, by setting up transport gate 15, No. 1 return air gate 16, No. 2 return air gate 17, No. 3 return air gate 18, material transport gate 19, No. 4 return air gate 20, and No. 5 return air gate 21, functionally independent connecting channels are formed between the floor rock roadway system and the coal seam mining roadway system. These channels are used for return air connection, coal transport, auxiliary transport, and personnel passage, respectively. This facilitates the separation and dedicated management of coal transport, material transport, pedestrians, and return air, reducing mutual interference and cross-operation risks between different work flows. Simultaneously... Each stone gate, as a cross-layer roadway, can reliably connect the main transport roadway 6, main track roadway 7, and main return air roadway 4 located in the bottom strata of the coal seam with the coal chute 12, material transport roadway 10, pedestrian dedicated roadway 11, and return air roadway 9, etc., in the mining roadway system. This optimizes the transportation and ventilation network in the minefield, reduces system resistance, facilitates the transportation, installation, and maintenance of equipment and materials, and helps to form a stable and independent ventilation and transportation system under high gas or complex ventilation conditions, thereby improving the mine's safety assurance capabilities and production efficiency.

[0041] The above-mentioned shaft and tunnel layout method for vertical coal mining can be further optimized and / or improved according to actual needs: Example 2: As shown in the attached document Figures 4 to 7As shown in Figures 12 to 19, in step 2, the mining roadway also includes a dedicated pedestrian roadway 11. A return air roadway 9 and a material transport roadway 10 are constructed on the left and right sides of the mining face, respectively. A dedicated pedestrian roadway 11 is located in the rock strata on the side of the coal seam floor next to the material transport roadway 10. The upper end of the dedicated pedestrian roadway 11 is connected to the working face cut-out 14. The material transport roadway 10 is connected to the dedicated pedestrian roadway 11 through several connecting roadways 13 set at intervals above and below. During operation, by constructing return air shafts 9 and material transport shafts 10 on the left and right sides of the longwall face, respectively, and setting up dedicated pedestrian shafts 11 at corresponding locations, the space on both sides of the working face can be fully utilized to achieve functional zoning, effectively avoiding mutual interference between personnel passage and material transport operations, and improving the system's operational efficiency. Simultaneously, several connecting roadways 13, spaced vertically, connect the dedicated pedestrian shafts 11 with the adjacent material transport shafts 10, constructing a multi-point interconnected three-dimensional communication network. This allows personnel to flexibly choose the nearest connecting roadway 13 to enter and exit based on their actual work location, greatly improving the convenience and flexibility of operations. Furthermore, this arrangement also constitutes a dual safety passage. In the event of a blockage or accident in the dedicated pedestrian shaft 11, personnel can immediately transfer to the adjacent shaft via the connecting roadway 13 for evacuation, significantly enhancing the mine's ability to respond to sudden disasters and its safety factor. Additionally, as shown in the attached... Figure 2 , 3 As shown in Figures 8, 9, 10, and 11, a dedicated pedestrian shaft 11 is normally required. However, during subsequent mining operations in other working faces, the dedicated pedestrian shaft 11 can be omitted, depending on the mining conditions and safety requirements, provided that safety is ensured.

[0042] Based on the requirements, since the coal mining face is arranged along the dip direction of the coal seam, the return air roadway, the transport roadway, and the pedestrian roadway are also arranged along the dip direction with a large inclination angle. Therefore, this invention names the return air roadway "Return Air Roadway 9", the transport roadway "Material Transport Roadway 10", and the pedestrian roadway "Pedestrian Roadway 11".

[0043] Example 3: As shown in the attached document Figure 1 , 4As shown in Figures 5, 12, 13, 14, and 15, the pedestrian-only roadway 11 is arranged parallel to the material transport roadway 10. The upper end of the pedestrian-only roadway 11 is connected to the return air main roadway 4 via the No. 6 return air gate 22. During operation, by arranging the pedestrian-only roadway 11 and the material transport roadway 10 parallel in a coal seam unaffected by mining, a long-term stable pedestrian passage can be constructed using the coal seam's own conditions. This simplifies the spatial layout of the roadway group and shortens the distance for personnel to travel between different working faces. Simultaneously, this parallel arrangement has good extensibility, allowing the pedestrian-only roadway 11 to cross the current working face and continue to provide services to coal miners in adjacent working faces, thus achieving "multi-purpose use of one roadway." This effectively avoids the repeated excavation of pedestrian roadways in adjacent working faces, significantly reducing mine construction costs and improving resource utilization efficiency. Furthermore, the pedestrian-only roadway 11 is connected to the material transport roadway 10 via the connecting roadway 13, thus sharing the material transport gate 19 with the material transport roadway 10.

[0044] Example 4: As shown in the appendix Figure 6 , 7 As shown in Figures 16, 17, 18, and 19, the pedestrian-only roadway 11 is set vertically to the horizontal plane. The upper end of the pedestrian-only roadway 11 connects to the return air main roadway 4 via the No. 3 return air gate 18, and the lower end connects to the track main roadway 7 via the material transport gate 19. During operation, by setting the pedestrian-only roadway 11 parallel to the material transport roadway 10 in a coal seam unaffected by mining, a long-term stable pedestrian passage can be constructed using the coal seam's own conditions. This simplifies the spatial layout of the roadway group and shortens the distance personnel travel between different working faces. Simultaneously, this parallel arrangement has good extensibility, allowing the pedestrian-only roadway 11 to cross the current working face and continue to serve coal miners in adjacent working faces, thus achieving "multi-purpose use of one roadway." This effectively avoids the repeated excavation of pedestrian roadways in adjacent working faces, significantly reducing mine construction costs and improving resource utilization efficiency. During use, under conditions where the coal seam dip angle reaches 85 to 90° and the surrounding rock is stable, by setting the pedestrian-only roadway 11 vertically to the coal seam and taking advantage of the near-vertical nature of the coal seam, the construction work of the connecting roadway 13 connecting each well is smaller and easier to construct. This forms a stable grid-like connecting structure without increasing the tunneling cost too much. In addition, this vertical arrangement effectively utilizes the supporting capacity of the stable rock strata to ensure the safety of the roadway. Furthermore, the pedestrian-only roadway 11 can also serve the coal miners and pedestrians in the vicinity of the working face, further enhancing the comprehensive utilization value and service scope of the roadway.

[0045] Example 5: As shown in the attached document Figure 1 , 4As shown in Figures 7, 12, and 19, the vertical spacing of the connecting roadways 13 is 5 to 10 meters. During operation, several connecting roadways 13 are arranged between the pedestrian-only roadway 11 and the material transport roadway 10 at vertical spacings of 5 to 10 meters. This creates dense, multi-point lateral connections and safety passages under inclined coal seam conditions, significantly shortening the turnaround distance for personnel between different roadways and improving the efficiency of daily passage, equipment transfer, and material delivery. Simultaneously, these connecting roadways 13, together with the two roadways, form a three-dimensional network of "multiple entrances and multiple exits." When any roadway or section of connecting roadway 13 is blocked by roof falls, side falls, equipment failures, or sudden accidents, personnel can quickly detour to another roadway via adjacent connecting roadways 13, thus forming redundant escape routes and improving the safety and reliability of emergency evacuation. Furthermore, the dense arrangement of connecting roadways 13 helps to balance the wind pressure distribution between the two roadways, reducing ventilation dead zones and localized wind-blocking zones, lowering ventilation resistance and energy consumption, and improving ventilation safety conditions in high-gas or outburst-prone coal seam working faces.

[0046] Example 6: As attached Figure 1 , 4 As shown in 7, 12 to 19, in step 2, the return air roadway 9, the material transport roadway 10 and the pedestrian roadway 11 are all arranged along the bottom plate of the vertical coal seam. The coal chute 12, the return air roadway 9, the material transport roadway 10 and the pedestrian roadway 11 are all semi-coal-rock roadways or full coal roadways. During operation, by arranging all three roadways along the coal seam floor, the relatively stable and less prone to collapse engineering geological characteristics of the coal seam floor can be fully utilized, significantly improving the overall stability and safety of the roadway and reducing long-term maintenance costs. The use of a semi-coal-rock roadway (or a full coal roadway if the coal seam is hard and engineering geological conditions permit) effectively reduces rock excavation work while ensuring sufficient roadway support strength, thus increasing construction speed and overall economic benefits. Simultaneously, the coal chute 12 is preferentially located in the semi-coal-rock area of ​​the coal seam roof. Utilizing the good density and impact resistance of the rock strata in this area, it effectively resists the friction and impact forces generated by long-term coal descent, preventing deformation and damage to the shaft wall and ensuring unobstructed coal chute passage. Furthermore, the coal chute 12 is directly connected to the transport gate 15 near the bottom, constructing an efficient and continuous coal transfer path from the working face to the bottom transport roadway 6, optimizing the transport system structure and improving mine production efficiency.

[0047] Example 7: As attached Figures 1 to 19As shown, in step 2, the coal chutes 12 are evenly distributed in the middle of the down-mining face, and the distance between adjacent coal chutes 12 is between 50 and 100 meters. The coal chutes 12 are equipped with detachable sleeves, and the bottom of the coal chutes 12 is equipped with a buffer device. During operation, by matching the number of coal chutes 12 with the number of mining equipment, and evenly distributing the coal chutes 12 along the roof of the coal seam in the middle of the down-mining face, while controlling the spacing between adjacent coal chutes 12 to between 50 and 100 meters, the coal transportation distance within the working face can be effectively shortened, achieving balanced coal output from multiple points, ensuring matching mining and transportation capacity, and significantly improving the efficiency of mining operations. The coal chutes 12 are internally supported by sectionally detachable steel casings, which can effectively resist the impact and wear caused by the long-term descent of coal flow, prevent deformation, instability, or blockage of the shaft wall, and ensure the long-term stability and unobstructed flow of the coal chute. At the same time, it facilitates the maintenance, recycling, and reuse of the casings. The bottom of the coal chutes 12 is equipped with a buffer device, which can significantly reduce the impact force of the high-speed descent of coal, effectively protecting the transportation equipment and roadway facilities below, and reducing dust and noise pollution. In addition, the coal chutes 12 are securely connected to the main transportation roadway 6 by the transportation gate 15 supported by adaptive anchor mesh and shotcrete, further constructing a safe, efficient, and durable coal transportation system.

[0048] Example 8: As attached Figures 1 to 19 As shown, in step 1, the return air roadway 4 is arranged on the bottom plate side of the coal seam at the top boundary of each level, and the transport roadway 6 and the track roadway 7 are arranged on the bottom plate side of the coal seam at the bottom boundary of each level. The transport roadway 6 is higher than the track roadway 7. During operation, by placing the return air main roadway 4 at the top boundary of each level and the transport main roadway 6 and track main roadway 7 at the bottom boundary of each level on the side of the coal seam floor, the relatively hard and stable engineering geological characteristics of the floor strata are fully utilized. This effectively isolates the direct impact of coal seam mining dynamic pressure on the main development roadways, significantly improving the long-term stability and safety of the main transport and ventilation systems. The floor elevation of transport main roadway 6 is set to be more than 6 meters higher than that of track main roadway 7, forming a sufficient vertical safety rock pillar between the two main roadways. This not only facilitates the optimization of the slope design and engineering connection of connecting roadway 13, and the smooth transfer of coal and auxiliary transport, but also effectively avoids the superposition and interference of surrounding rock stress between the two main roadways during excavation and use. In addition, as the working face depth gradually increases, the net distance between the main roadway and the coal seam is gradually increased, and the main roadway is always outside the surrounding rock damage zone. This allows it to adapt to the complex environment of gradually increasing support pressure during deep mining, preventing the main roadway from deforming or being damaged due to mining activities. This significantly reduces roadway maintenance costs and ensures continuous and efficient production throughout the mine's entire life cycle.

[0049] Example 9: The main difference between this roadway layout scheme and the existing roadway layout scheme lies in the mining roadway section: (a) Optimal selection conditions for the first mining face: 1. Geological conditions: Priority should be given to strata with no risk of rock bursts and relatively stable and easy-to-manage coal seam roofs.

[0050] 2. Gas conditions: The first mining face should be located in a low-gas mine area, and coal and gas outburst hazard zones should be strictly avoided.

[0051] 3. Coal dust explosiveness: The coal seam in the first mining face should preferably not have the risk of coal dust explosion.

[0052] 4. Spontaneous combustion tendency of coal: The coal seam in the first mining face should be a coal seam that is not prone to spontaneous combustion.

[0053] (II) Layout method of longwall mining face: 1. Number of mining faces: Taking a fully mechanized mining face as an example, for mines with multiple mining faces, each mining face can adopt the mining roadway layout method described in this invention.

[0054] 2. Selection of the location of the first mining face: In order to reduce the initial construction and production costs, the first mining face should be located in the first mining area near the shaft. The specific selection should meet the aforementioned optimal layout conditions.

[0055] 3. Layout of the working face roadway: (1) Material transport roadway 10 is responsible for material transport, ventilation, and personnel transport. (2) The return air shaft 9 is responsible for return air and personnel transportation. (3) Pedestrian-only roadway 11 is specifically designed for personnel transportation, emergency escape, and ventilation. (4) Normally, a dedicated pedestrian shaft 11 needs to be arranged. However, if the mining conditions and safety conditions allow, the arrangement of the dedicated pedestrian shaft 11 can be omitted under the premise of ensuring safety during the subsequent mining of other working faces. (5) All types of working face roadway shafts are connected to the main track roadway 7, transport roadway 6, and return air roadway 4 through stone gates; (6) The roadway between working faces is reinforced and reserved using the mining and filling process, serving as a roadway to support adjacent working faces; (7) The shaft is supported by a steel structure; 4. Working face cut: The length of the working face cut is determined according to the coal seam occurrence conditions and the configuration of supports and coal mining equipment. It is recommended that the length be controlled between 200 and 400 meters.

[0056] 5. Coal Chute 12: The number of coal chutes 12 is consistent with the number of coal mining equipment; the coal chutes 12 are arranged along the roof of the coal seam and need to be supported internally (such as installing steel casings) to ensure that the coal chutes 12 do not become unstable; the coal chutes 12 are connected to the main transport roadway 6 through the transport gate 15 below. This area adopts anchor mesh spray support, and the support form is adjusted according to the actual situation of the surrounding rock.

[0057] (III) Layout of the bottom of the shaft and the chamber: 1. Layout of the well bottom parking area 8: (1) The elevation of the bottom of the well is determined according to the mining elevation of the working face, and is set in separate elevations; (2) A bottom yard 8 is set up near the 4th elevation of the return air roadway at the shaft. It is a flat yard and is mainly used for transporting large equipment at the working face and for the construction return air roadway 4. The bottom yard 8 is supported by anchor mesh and shotcrete, and the support method can be adjusted according to the actual situation. (3) A bottom yard 8 is set up near the 7th elevation of the main track roadway at the shaft. It is a flat yard and is connected to the main track roadway 7 and the main transport roadway 6 via the connecting roadway 13. The bottom yard 8 is also supported by anchor mesh and shotcrete. The support method can be adjusted according to the actual situation.

[0058] 2. Layout of main chambers: (1) A substation, pump room (including water tank), fire-fighting material warehouse and other main chambers are set up near the bottom of the well. (2) Hoist chambers are installed at the top of the return air roadway 9, the material conveying roadway 10 and the pedestrian-only roadway 11; (3) All the above-mentioned chambers are supported by anchor mesh and spraying, and the support method is adjusted according to the actual situation of the surrounding rock. (4) The permanent refuge chamber is located between transport roadway 6 and track roadway 7.

[0059] (iv) Working Face Production System: 1. Transportation System: (1) Coal transportation: The raw coal mined from the longwall face is transported via the working face shuttle car - coal chute 12 - transport stone gate 15 belt conveyor - horizontal transport roadway 6 medium belt conveyor - horizontal coal bunker - main shaft 1 skip - surface; (2) Auxiliary transportation: the auxiliary shaft 2 is hoisted by a hoist, the main track roadway 7 is transported by a battery-powered locomotive or endless rope winch, the roadway shaft is hoisted, and personnel are transported by cages and locomotives. (3) The personnel transportation route is: auxiliary vertical shaft 2 - bottom yard 8 - main track roadway 7 - material transport gate 19 - pedestrian dedicated roadway 11 - working face; (4) Time-sharing transportation of gangue underground: gangue is transported from the tunneling face to the tunneling face belt conveyor, then to the 6th belt conveyor in the main transport roadway, then to the horizontal gangue bin, then to the main shaft skip, and finally to the surface. (5) Equipment and material transportation route: surface - auxiliary shaft 2 - bottom yard 8 - main track roadway 7 - material transport roadway 10 - coal mining face.

[0060] 2. Ventilation system: (1) Air intake route: Fresh air flow from the auxiliary shaft 2 (main shaft 1) - shaft bottom yard 8 - track roadway 7 (transport roadway 6) - material transport gate 19 of the first mining face - material transport roadway 10 (pedestrian-only roadway 11) - first mining face; (2) Return air route: exhaust air passes through the mining face - return air roadway 9 - No. 1 return air gate 16 of the first mining face - horizontal return air main roadway 4 - return air vertical shaft 3 - surface; (3) Ventilation during tunneling: Local ventilation fans are used for forced ventilation at the tunneling face.

[0061] 3. Drainage system: The main drainage system is located at the bottom of the shaft and is responsible for the drainage of the entire mine. If economic and mining conditions permit, drainage systems for mining areas can also be arranged horizontally.

[0062] 4. Construction of the roadway shaft: With the gradual maturation of the riser drilling technology, it has brought great convenience to shaft and tunnel construction. In this design, the construction of the roadway shaft and coal chute 12 can adopt the riser drilling technology; with the further development of shaft and tunnel construction technology, more advanced technologies can be used to replace or upgrade it in subsequent construction.

[0063] This invention features a reasonable and compact structure, and is easy to use. By arranging several connecting roadways 13 at intervals of 5 to 10 meters between the material transport roadway 10 and the pedestrian roadway 11, a multi-point interconnected three-dimensional communication network is constructed. This not only shortens the personnel travel distance and improves operational efficiency, but also forms redundant safety escape routes, significantly enhancing the mine's emergency response capability to sudden disasters. By arranging the pedestrian roadway 11 in a coal seam unaffected by mining and setting it parallel to the material transport roadway 10, the long-term stability of the surrounding rock and the integration of functions of the roadway are achieved. While effectively avoiding mining stress concentration areas, it can also serve adjacent working faces, greatly reducing roadway excavation costs. This approach reduces costs and maintenance workload. By placing the return air main roadway 4 at the top of each level and the transport main roadway 6 and track main roadway 7 at the bottom, stable ventilation is ensured. The safe distance between the return air main roadway 4, transport main roadway 6, and track main roadway 7 and the coal seam is gradually increased as the working face deepens, ensuring that the main development roadways are always outside the surrounding rock damage zone and guaranteeing the long-term stability and safe operation of the main roadway system under deep mining conditions. By constructing a comprehensive roadway layout system with the roadway shaft as the core and connecting each level main roadway and coal chute 12 through the stone gate, mechanized, safe, and intelligent continuous mining of vertical coal seams with a thickness of 4 to 10 meters is achieved, featuring high efficiency, high recovery rate, and simple procedures.

[0064] The above technical features constitute the preferred embodiment of the present invention, which has strong adaptability and optimal implementation effect. Unnecessary technical features can be added or removed according to actual needs to meet the requirements of different situations.

Claims

1. A method for arranging shafts in vertical coal mining, characterized in that... The steps include the following: Step 1, Arrange the development system: Arrange the main shaft, auxiliary shaft and return air shaft in the side rock strata of the coal seam floor. The main shaft, auxiliary shaft and return air shaft are interconnected with the bottom yard of the mine through roadways. From the bottom yard of the mine, excavate the return air roadway, transport roadway and track roadway arranged in the rock strata of the coal seam floor. Step 2, Layout of working faces: Divide the vertical coal seam of a mining level in the mine field into several inclined longwall faces along the direction of the coal seam. Each longwall face is a downcutting longwall face. The longwall roadway includes the working face cut-out, return air roadway, material transport roadway, and at least two coal chutes that run through the downcutting longwall face. The working face cut-out of the downcutting longwall face is arranged horizontally along the direction of the coal seam. The return air roadway, material transport roadway, and coal chutes are all arranged along the inclined direction of the coal seam. The downcutting longwall face is mined from top to bottom along the inclined direction of the coal seam. Step 3, forming a connection system: The lower end of the coal chute is connected to the main transport roadway via the transport gate; the upper end of the return air roadway is connected to the main return air roadway via the No. 1 return air gate; the lower end of the return air roadway is connected to the main track roadway via the No. 2 return air gate; the upper end of the material transport roadway is connected to the main return air roadway via the No. 3 return air gate; the lower end of the material transport roadway is connected to the main track roadway via the material transport gate; the upper end of the return air connecting shaft is connected to the main return air roadway via the No. 4 return air gate; the lower end of the return air connecting shaft is connected to the end of the transport roadway and the end of the main track roadway via the No. 5 return air gate; the upper ends of the return air roadway and the material transport roadway are both connected to the working face cut-out.

2. The shaft and tunnel layout method for vertical coal mining according to claim 1, characterized in that... In step 2, the mining roadway also includes a dedicated pedestrian shaft. A return air shaft and a material transport shaft are constructed on the left and right sides of the mining face, respectively. A dedicated pedestrian shaft is located in the rock strata on the side of the coal seam floor next to the material transport shaft. The upper end of the dedicated pedestrian shaft is connected to the working face cut-out. The material transport shaft is connected to the dedicated pedestrian shaft through several connecting roadways set at intervals above and below.

3. The shaft and tunnel layout method for vertical coal mining according to claim 2, characterized in that... The pedestrian-only roadway is set parallel to the material transport roadway, and the upper end of the pedestrian-only roadway is connected to the return air main roadway through the No. 6 return air gate.

4. The shaft and tunnel layout method for vertical coal mining according to claim 2, characterized in that... The pedestrian-only roadway is set vertically to the horizontal plane. The upper end of the pedestrian-only roadway is connected to the return air main roadway through the No. 3 return air gate, and the lower end of the pedestrian-only roadway is connected to the track main roadway through the material transport gate.

5. The shaft and tunnel layout method for vertical coal mining according to claim 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that... The vertical spacing between the connecting lanes is 5 to 10 meters.

6. The shaft and tunnel layout method for vertical coal mining according to claim 2, 3, or 4, characterized in that... In step 2, the return air roadway, material transport roadway, and pedestrian roadway are all arranged along the bottom plate of the vertical coal seam. The coal chute, return air roadway, material transport roadway, and pedestrian roadway are all semi-coal-rock roadways or full coal roadways.

7. The shaft and tunnel layout method for vertical coal mining according to claim 5, characterized in that... In step 2, the return air roadway, material transport roadway, and pedestrian roadway are all arranged along the bottom plate of the vertical coal seam. The coal chute, return air roadway, material transport roadway, and pedestrian roadway are all semi-coal-rock roadways or full coal roadways.

8. The shaft and tunnel layout method for vertical coal mining according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, or 7, characterized in that... In step 2, coal chutes are evenly distributed in the middle of the down-mining face, with the distance between adjacent coal chutes ranging from 50 to 100 meters. The coal chutes are equipped with detachable casings and a buffer device at the bottom. Or / and, in step 1, the return air roadway is arranged on the bottom plate side of the coal seam at the top boundary of each level, and the transport roadway and track roadway are arranged on the bottom plate side of the coal seam at the bottom boundary of each level. The transport roadway is higher than the track roadway.

9. The shaft and tunnel layout method for vertical coal mining according to claim 5, characterized in that... In step 2, coal chutes are evenly distributed in the middle of the down-mining face, with the distance between adjacent coal chutes ranging from 50 to 100 meters. The coal chutes are equipped with detachable casings and a buffer device at the bottom. Or / and, in step 1, the return air roadway is arranged on the bottom plate side of the coal seam at the top boundary of each level, and the transport roadway and track roadway are arranged on the bottom plate side of the coal seam at the bottom boundary of each level. The transport roadway is higher than the track roadway.

10. The shaft and tunnel layout method for vertical coal mining according to claim 6, characterized in that... In step 2, coal chutes are evenly distributed in the middle of the down-mining face, with the distance between adjacent coal chutes ranging from 50 to 100 meters. The coal chutes are equipped with detachable casings and a buffer device at the bottom. Or / and, in step 1, the return air roadway is arranged on the bottom plate side of the coal seam at the top boundary of each level, and the transport roadway and track roadway are arranged on the bottom plate side of the coal seam at the bottom boundary of each level. The transport roadway is higher than the track roadway.

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