A dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization control method and system

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of energy system control technology and discloses a dynamic load-based ground source heat pump optimization and control method and system. The system includes a data sensing and acquisition module responsible for real-time acquisition of system operating status and external environmental information; a status assessment and decision-making module that processes and evaluates the acquired data and makes operating mode decisions; an execution and repair strategy module that receives decision commands and controls specific equipment to perform heat balance repair actions; an auxiliary energy and heat exchange module that provides energy replenishment and conversion capabilities for the system; and an intelligent control center module that adopts a hybrid intelligent algorithm architecture to integrate and coordinate the work of each module. This invention, employing the aforementioned dynamic load-based ground source heat pump optimization and control method and system, achieves proactive maintenance and energy optimization management of the ground source heat pump system's cross-seasonal soil heat balance, ensuring the sustainability of soil heat exchange capacity and guaranteeing the long-term stable and efficient operation of the ground source heat pump system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of energy system control technology, and in particular to a method and system for optimizing and controlling a ground source heat pump under dynamic load. Background Technology

[0002] Ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems utilize underground soil and rock as a large energy storage medium, exchanging heat through buried pipe heat exchangers (BHE). The thermodynamic basis for their efficient operation lies in the annual periodic balance of the soil temperature field. However, in practical engineering applications, especially for buildings with significant periodic usage characteristics such as university campuses, sports stadiums, and resort hotels, their heating and cooling loads often exhibit severe asymmetry.

[0003] From the perspective of soil heat transfer, soil and rock have low thermal conductivity and slow heat diffusion. If the heat dissipation in summer consistently exceeds the heat absorption in winter, the excess heat cannot diffuse to the distant soil in time, leading to the formation of a heat accumulation zone around the buried pipe, causing the average soil temperature to drift and rise year by year; conversely, a cold deficit will occur. This thermal imbalance will cause the condensing temperature of the ground source heat pump unit to rise or the evaporating temperature to fall, resulting in an increase in the compressor pressure ratio, an exponential decline in the system coefficient of performance (COP), and even triggering high-pressure protection shutdown of the unit, severely shortening the system's entire lifespan.

[0004] Existing solutions to soil thermal imbalance mainly fall into two categories: design-side optimization and operation-side compensation. On the design side, hybrid ground source heat pump systems are typically used, employing methods such as increasing the spacing and length of buried pipes, or incorporating auxiliary heat sources (e.g., cooling towers + boilers). On the operation side, threshold control based on instantaneous parameters is primarily employed. For example, when the return water temperature of the buried pipes exceeds 35°C, the cooling tower is forcibly activated for auxiliary heat dissipation; or when the return water temperature falls below 4°C, the auxiliary heat source is activated.

[0005] However, existing systems still have three major drawbacks: First, the control logic is lagging: existing threshold control is a fault-response strategy, intervening only after the soil thermal environment has deteriorated and system performance has significantly declined. Due to the extreme thermal inertia of the soil, repairs at this point are often inefficient and difficult to restore the geothermal field in a short time. Second, low energy quality matching and high operating costs: existing systems often activate auxiliary cooling equipment during peak building load periods (such as the hottest part of summer). At this time, the ambient wet-bulb temperature is high, the cooling tower efficiency is low, and competition for energy with the building's end-users leads to a surge in peak electricity costs. Third, resource waste in the time dimension: existing technology completely ignores the months-long vacancy period of periodic buildings (such as school winter and summer vacations). During this period, the system is idle, which is actually the best window to restore the soil thermal balance with extremely low energy consumption by utilizing natural environmental heat sources (such as low-temperature air at night and strong solar radiation in summer). The lack of time-based overall planning is the biggest shortcoming of current ground source heat pump control strategies.

[0006] Therefore, in order to address the above problems, there is an urgent need for a dynamic load optimization and control method and system for ground source heat pumps to achieve proactive maintenance and energy optimization management of the soil thermal balance across seasons in ground source heat pump systems. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The purpose of this invention is to provide a dynamic load-based ground source heat pump optimization and control method and system to eliminate the cumulative effect of thermal imbalance, control the annual net heat flux to near zero through cross-seasonal energy transfer, and maintain the long-term stability of the soil temperature field; utilize building vacancy periods to avoid peak grid and building load periods, and complete the reconstruction of soil thermal energy at the lowest marginal cost; avoid compressors operating under extreme conditions for a long time, reduce equipment mechanical wear, and improve energy efficiency throughout the entire life cycle.

[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization and control system, including a data sensing and acquisition module, a status assessment and decision-making module, an execution and repair strategy module, an auxiliary energy and heat exchange module, and an intelligent control center module.

[0009] The data sensing and acquisition module is responsible for collecting real-time information on the system's operating status and the external environment.

[0010] The status assessment and decision-making module processes and evaluates the collected data and makes operational mode decisions.

[0011] The execution and repair strategy module receives decision instructions and controls specific equipment to perform thermal balance repair actions;

[0012] Auxiliary energy and heat exchange modules provide energy replenishment and conversion capabilities for the system;

[0013] The intelligent control center module adopts a hybrid intelligent algorithm architecture to integrate and coordinate the work of various modules.

[0014] Preferably, the data sensing and acquisition module includes: a soil temperature field monitoring unit, a system operation parameter monitoring unit, a calendar information interface unit, and an environmental parameter acquisition unit;

[0015] (1) Soil temperature field monitoring unit: It consists of a distributed temperature sensor array arranged at different depths and horizontal positions in the buried pipe field area, which is used to acquire three-dimensional soil temperature distribution data in real time.

[0016] (2) System operating parameter monitoring unit: integrates sensors to monitor the inlet and outlet water temperature, flow rate, and system pressure operating parameters of the buried pipe circulating medium;

[0017] (3) Calendar information interface unit: It connects to the building energy management system or calendar database through a standard data interface to automatically obtain structured building usage calendar information and identify the usage period and vacancy period;

[0018] (4) Environmental parameter acquisition unit: includes outdoor temperature and humidity sensor and solar radiation sensor, used to collect meteorological data to provide environmental basis for the optimization of repair strategy.

[0019] Preferably, the state assessment and decision-making module includes: a thermal imbalance ETD calculation engine and an intelligent pattern decision-maker;

[0020] (1) Thermal imbalance calculation engine: Built-in integral thermal balance algorithm to calculate the cumulative net heat exchange of soil since the last equilibrium point in real time, as shown below:

[0021] ;

[0022] in, This represents the thermal imbalance value. Specific heat capacity of the circulating medium; The density of the circulating medium; For circulating flow; and These are the real-time monitoring temperatures of the inlet and outlet of the buried pipe, respectively; , [ ] represents the integration interval;

[0023] (2) Intelligent mode decision-maker: Based on the rule engine, the system automatically judges and switches the system operation mode by taking calendar events as the first trigger condition and combining the real-time building load rate. Specifically, it includes the energy supply mode and the repair mode.

[0024] Preferably, the execution and repair strategy module includes: a strategy executor and a pulse operation controller;

[0025] (1) Strategy executor: Based on the thermal imbalance assessment results, it calls the preset repair strategy program, which specifically includes:

[0026] Active thermal storage strategy program: When ETD < -Eth1, control the solar dual-effect module to switch to thermal collection mode, and adjust the valve to allow the heated working fluid to flow into the buried pipe; where -Eth1 is the cold deficit threshold.

[0027] Active cooling strategy program: When ETD>+Eth2, control the solar modules to switch to radiative cooling mode or start the cooling tower, prioritizing operation during the low-temperature period at night; where +Eth2 is the heat accumulation threshold.

[0028] (2) Pulse operation controller: In repair mode, the circulating pump and valve equipment are controlled to work according to the pulse cycle of operation-stop to optimize heat transfer efficiency and energy consumption.

[0029] Preferably, the auxiliary energy and heat exchange module includes: a foundation buried pipe heat exchange loop and a multi-mode auxiliary energy unit;

[0030] (1) Foundation buried pipe heat exchange loop: It consists of underground buried pipe heat exchanger, user-side circulation system and heat pump host to realize heat exchange with soil;

[0031] (2) The multi-mode auxiliary energy unit includes: a solar dual-effect module and an auxiliary heat dissipation device;

[0032] Solar dual-effect modules: intelligently switch between heat collection mode and radiative heat dissipation mode;

[0033] Auxiliary heat dissipation device: enhances heat dissipation through evaporative cooling.

[0034] Preferably, the intelligent control center module includes: a hybrid core algorithm, a system coordination and communication hub, and a human-computer interaction and report generation unit;

[0035] (1) Hybrid core algorithm: integrating rule engine, prediction model, optimizer and adaptive learning module;

[0036] (2) System Coordination and Communication Hub: Responsible for data flow and instruction distribution between modules;

[0037] (3) Human-computer interaction and report generation unit: Provides a system status monitoring interface and automatically generates a repair report containing cumulative heat exchange and energy consumption analysis after the repair is completed.

[0038] An optimization and control method for a dynamic load ground source heat pump system includes the following steps:

[0039] Step S1: Through multi-source data fusion technology, data collection and status assessment are carried out to achieve comprehensive perception of the system status;

[0040] Step S2: Based on the switching decision of the operating mode triggered by multiple conditions, realize intelligent mode switching and ensure that the system always runs in the optimal state;

[0041] Step S3: Develop and implement corresponding repair strategies for different thermal imbalance states;

[0042] Step S4: Achieve the integrity of the repair process and a smooth system transition;

[0043] Step S5: Employ a hybrid intelligent algorithm that combines rule-based and model predictive control to achieve intelligent control;

[0044] Step S6: Optimize the system based on the cross-seasonal energy balance equation.

[0045] Preferably, in step S2, the switching logic based on multiple conditions triggering the operating mode specifically includes:

[0046] Step S21, Service Life Power Supply Mode: The system switches to service life power supply mode when the following conditions are met simultaneously:

[0047] A. The calendar date falls within the building's usage period;

[0048] B. The building's real-time load factor is greater than or equal to 60%; where load factor = real-time load / design load;

[0049] During the service life energy supply mode, meeting the indoor environmental needs is the first priority, and auxiliary energy equipment is only put into operation during peak load periods as a peak-shaving means.

[0050] Step S22, Idle Period Repair Mode: When the following conditions are met simultaneously for more than 24 hours, the system switches to idle period repair mode:

[0051] a) The building enters its vacancy period according to the calendar date;

[0052] b. The building load factor is consistently less than 20%;

[0053] During the idle period remediation mode, the system operation priority shifts to soil thermal balance remediation, and building load requirements are met by other backup systems.

[0054] Preferably, in step S3, a pulse operation strategy is adopted, with operating parameters symmetrical to the heat storage cycle, and the formula for calculating the heat exchange of a single pulse is as follows:

[0055] ;

[0056] in, For single-pulse heat exchange; Specific heat capacity of the circulating medium; The density of the circulating medium; For circulating flow; and These are the real-time monitoring temperatures of the inlet and outlet of the buried pipe, respectively. This refers to the pulse duration.

[0057] Preferably, in step S6, the cross-seasonal energy balance equation is as follows:

[0058] ;

[0059] in, This represents the change in soil heat storage; For the initial moment Heat storage in the soil; For the end time Heat storage in the soil; and These are the building load and the power of active repair, respectively. and These are the heat exchange efficiencies for building load and active repair, respectively.

[0060] Therefore, the present invention employs the above-mentioned dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization and control method and system, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0061] (1) Based on calendar events, the system innovatively uses the “building usage calendar” (such as the school calendar) as the core triggering condition of the control system, rather than simply relying on temperature parameters. The system can “predict” when it will enter the vacancy period in the future, thereby calculating the energy and time required for repair in advance, planning the optimal operation path, and realizing the transformation of the control paradigm from “passive response” to “active prediction”.

[0062] (2) Quantitative Thermal Balance Integral Model: A soil thermal imbalance (ETD) calculation model based on the integral principle was established, forming an intelligent closed-loop control of "sensing (data collection) - assessment (ETD calculation) - decision-making (mode switching) - execution (remediation strategy) - feedback (ETD update)". It no longer relies solely on the temperature at a certain point, but calculates the cumulative enthalpy difference between the input and output soil to accurately quantify how much heat is "owed", thereby achieving precise "payback".

[0063] (3) Pulsed intermittent remediation strategy: In the remediation mode, an innovative "run-stop-run" pulse control logic is adopted. By utilizing the thermal recovery characteristics of the soil during the intermittent period, the thermal resistance of the buried pipe wall and the far-field soil is reduced, and the remediation efficiency per unit energy consumption is greatly improved.

[0064] (4) Cross-seasonal energy storage and energy time shift: A dual-mode operation mechanism of "energy supply during use" and "repair during idle period" has been established. By actively operating auxiliary equipment during holidays (such as using solar energy to heat the soil and using cooling towers to dissipate heat from the soil), the energy "peak shaving and valley filling" and efficient time shift between different seasons have been achieved, and the waste heat (or cold energy) accumulated in one operating cycle has been transformed into usable resources for subsequent cycles.

[0065] In summary, this invention fundamentally ensures the sustainability of soil heat exchange capacity, guaranteeing the long-term stable and efficient operation of the ground source heat pump system.

[0066] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. Attached Figure Description

[0067] Figure 1 This is the architecture and control flowchart of a dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization and regulation system according to the present invention;

[0068] Figure 2 This is a control logic flowchart of a dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization and control method according to the present invention;

[0069] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the average soil temperature change trends of the present invention and the traditional method; where curve A represents the traditional method and curve B represents the method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0070] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0071] like Figure 1 As shown, this invention discloses a dynamic load-based ground source heat pump optimization and control system. Core functional modules are constructed at both the hardware and software levels, forming a collaborative intelligent system that enables cross-seasonal heat balance control based on calendar events. The system includes: a data sensing and acquisition module, a status assessment and decision-making module, an execution and repair strategy module, an auxiliary energy and heat exchange module, and an intelligent control center module.

[0072] The first module, Data Sensing and Acquisition, is responsible for comprehensively and in real-time collecting information on the system's operating status and the external environment, serving as the data foundation for control decisions.

[0073] The data sensing and acquisition module includes: a soil temperature field monitoring unit, a system operation parameter monitoring unit, a calendar information interface unit, and an environmental parameter acquisition unit.

[0074] (1) Soil temperature field monitoring unit: It consists of a distributed temperature sensor array arranged at different depths (such as 20m, 50m, 80m) and horizontal positions in the buried pipe field area. It is used to acquire three-dimensional soil temperature distribution data in real time. The sampling frequency can reach 1 time / minute and the accuracy is ±0.2℃.

[0075] (2) System operation parameter monitoring unit: integrates high-precision sensors to monitor key operating parameters such as inlet and outlet water temperature (range 20-80℃), flow rate (using electromagnetic flow meter, accuracy ±0.5%), and system pressure of the buried pipe circulation medium.

[0076] (3) Calendar information interface unit: It connects to the building energy management system (BEMS) or calendar database through standard data interfaces (such as OPC, API) to automatically obtain structured building usage calendar information and accurately identify the usage period and vacancy period.

[0077] (4) Environmental parameter acquisition unit: includes outdoor temperature and humidity sensor and solar radiation sensor, used to collect meteorological data, providing environmental basis for the optimization of repair strategy (such as choosing nighttime heat dissipation).

[0078] II. Status Assessment and Decision Module: This module processes and assesses the collected data and makes decisions regarding the operating mode.

[0079] The state assessment and decision-making module includes: a thermal imbalance (ETD) calculation engine and an intelligent pattern decision-maker.

[0080] (1) Thermal Imbalance Degree (ETD) Calculation Engine: Built-in integral thermal balance algorithm to calculate the cumulative net heat exchange of the soil since the last equilibrium point in real time, as shown below:

[0081] ;

[0082] in, This represents the thermal imbalance value. The specific heat capacity of the circulating medium is taken as 4.18 kJ / (kg·K); The density of the circulating medium is taken as 1020 kg / m³. 3 ; The circulating flow rate is adjustable from 0-20m using a variable frequency pump. 3 / h; and These are the real-time monitoring temperatures of the inlet and outlet of the buried pipe, respectively; , [ ] represents the integration interval, calculated from system startup or the last equilibrium point.

[0083] By comparing the ETD value with preset thresholds (such as thermal accumulation threshold + Eth2, cold deficit threshold - Eth1, and equilibrium threshold ± Eth0), the severity and type of soil thermal imbalance can be accurately quantified.

[0084] (2) Intelligent mode decision-maker: Based on the rule engine, the system automatically judges and switches the system operation mode by taking calendar events as the first trigger condition and combining real-time building load rate (such as load rate ≥60% during the usage period and load rate <20% during the vacancy period). Specifically, it includes energy supply mode and repair mode.

[0085] The third module, the Execution and Repair Strategy Module, receives decision instructions and controls specific equipment to perform corresponding thermal balance repair actions.

[0086] The execution and repair strategy module includes: a strategy executor and a pulse operation controller.

[0087] (1) Strategy executor: Based on the ETD assessment results, it calls the preset repair strategy program, which specifically includes:

[0088] Active thermal storage strategy program: When ETD < -Eth1 (cold deficit threshold), control the solar dual-effect module to switch to thermal collection mode, and adjust the valve to allow the heated working fluid to flow into the buried pipe.

[0089] Active cooling strategy program: When ETD>+Eth2 (heat accumulation threshold), control the solar modules to switch to radiation cooling mode or start the cooling tower, prioritizing operation during the low-temperature period at night.

[0090] (2) Pulse operation controller: In repair mode, control the circulating pump, valve and other equipment to work according to the pulse cycle of "run-stop" (e.g., run for 30 minutes and stop for 15 minutes) to optimize heat transfer efficiency and energy consumption.

[0091] IV. Auxiliary energy and heat exchange modules provide the system with flexible energy replenishment and conversion capabilities, and are the physical basis for implementing repair strategies.

[0092] The auxiliary energy and heat exchange module includes: a foundation buried pipe heat exchange loop and a multi-mode auxiliary energy unit.

[0093] (1) Foundation buried pipe heat exchange circuit: It consists of underground buried pipe heat exchanger (BHE), user-side circulation system and heat pump host, and is the core carrier for realizing heat exchange with soil.

[0094] (2) The multi-mode auxiliary energy unit includes: a solar dual-effect module and an auxiliary heat dissipation device.

[0095] Solar dual-effect module: can intelligently switch between heat collection mode (converting solar energy into heat energy for soil heating) and radiative heat dissipation mode (radiating cooling energy to the sky at night).

[0096] Auxiliary heat dissipation devices (such as cooling towers): These are activated when rapid heat dissipation is required or when solar radiation heat dissipation is insufficient, and they enhance the heat dissipation effect through evaporative cooling.

[0097] V. Intelligent Control Center Module: The core platform that integrates and coordinates the work of various modules, adopting a hybrid intelligent algorithm architecture.

[0098] The intelligent control center module includes: a hybrid core algorithm, a system coordination and communication hub, and a human-computer interaction and report generation unit.

[0099] (1) Hybrid core algorithm: integrates rule engine (processing discrete logic), prediction model (such as LSTM for load and temperature prediction), optimizer (dynamically optimizing pulse parameters, etc.) and adaptive learning module.

[0100] (2) System Coordination and Communication Hub: Responsible for data flow and instruction distribution between modules, forming a complete closed-loop control loop from data perception → status assessment → intelligent decision-making → precise execution → effect feedback.

[0101] (3) Human-computer interaction and report generation unit: Provides a system status monitoring interface and automatically generates a repair report containing information such as cumulative heat exchange and energy consumption analysis after the repair is completed.

[0102] The various modules of the dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization and control system of the present invention are interconnected through standardized electrical interfaces and communication protocols (such as Modbus and BACnet), forming a cross-seasonal ground source heat pump system heat balance control system with rapid response, intelligent decision-making, and precise execution.

[0103] This invention also proposes a dynamic load optimization and control method for ground source heat pumps. The core of this method lies in establishing an intelligent control system based on calendar events as triggering conditions and soil thermal imbalance as the decision-making basis. This method achieves optimized system operation through four levels of closed-loop control: data acquisition layer, state assessment layer, decision execution layer, and effect feedback layer, such as... Figure 2 As shown.

[0104] Step S1: Through multi-source data fusion technology, data collection and status assessment are carried out to achieve comprehensive perception of the system status.

[0105] Step S11, Data Acquisition.

[0106] Soil temperature field monitoring: Through a distributed temperature sensor array, temperature data at different depths (20m, 50m, 80m) and horizontal positions in the buried pipe area are collected in real time, with a sampling frequency of 1 time / minute and an accuracy of ±0.2℃.

[0107] System operating parameter monitoring includes key parameters such as inlet and outlet water temperature of buried pipes (measurement range 20℃ to 80℃), flow rate (electromagnetic flow meter, accuracy ±0.5%), and pressure.

[0108] Calendar information acquisition: Obtain structured usage calendar data, including the start and end times of the usage period and vacancy period, through the building energy management system interface.

[0109] Environmental parameter collection: meteorological data such as outdoor temperature, humidity, and solar radiation intensity.

[0110] Step S12: Use the integral form of the heat balance equation to accurately calculate the soil thermal imbalance degree (ETD) and achieve state assessment.

[0111] The heat balance equation in integral form is as follows:

[0112] ;

[0113] in, This represents the thermal imbalance value. The specific heat capacity of the circulating medium is taken as 4.18 kJ / (kg·K); The density of the circulating medium is taken as 1020 kg / m³. 3 ; The circulating flow rate is adjustable from 0-20m using a variable frequency pump. 3 / h; and These are the real-time monitoring temperatures of the inlet and outlet of the buried pipe, respectively; , [ ] represents the integration interval, calculated from system startup or the last equilibrium point.

[0114] The physical meaning of ETD value is very clear: ETD>0 indicates cumulative heat loss to the soil, resulting in heat accumulation; ETD<0 indicates cumulative heat loss from the soil, resulting in a cold deficit. By setting a reasonable threshold range, the severity of soil thermal imbalance can be quantitatively assessed.

[0115] Step S2: Based on the switching decision of the operating mode triggered by multiple conditions, realize intelligent mode switching and ensure that the system always runs in the optimal state.

[0116] The switching logic based on multi-condition triggering operation mode specifically includes:

[0117] Step S21, Service Life Power Supply Mode: The system switches to service life power supply mode when the following conditions are met simultaneously:

[0118] A. Calendar dates fall within the building's usage period (e.g., school semester, office building working days).

[0119] B. The building's real-time load factor is greater than or equal to 60% (load factor = real-time load / design load).

[0120] During the service life energy supply mode, the system prioritizes meeting indoor environmental needs, and auxiliary energy equipment is only put into operation during peak load periods as a peak-shaving means.

[0121] Step S22, Idle Period Repair Mode: When the following conditions are met simultaneously for more than 24 hours, the system switches to idle period repair mode:

[0122] a) The calendar date falls within the building's vacancy period (such as holidays or weekends);

[0123] b. The building load factor is consistently less than 20%.

[0124] During the idle period remediation mode, the system operation priority shifts to soil thermal balance remediation, and building load requirements are met by other backup systems.

[0125] This invention is the first to use calendar events as a hard trigger for mode switching, rather than relying solely on temperature or load parameters as is traditionally the case. This time-based, proactive control allows the system to plan repair tasks in advance, avoiding the lag of reactive responses.

[0126] Step S3: Develop and implement corresponding repair strategies for different thermal imbalance states.

[0127] Step S31: For active heat storage cycles, the cold deficit state is applicable when ETD < -Eth1; the trigger condition is ETD < -Eth1, where -Eth1 is the cold deficit threshold, typically set to -2500MJ; the control strategy is as follows:

[0128] 1) Switch the dual-effect solar modules to the heat collection mode to maximize solar heat gain;

[0129] 2) Adjust the direction of the three-way valve so that the working fluid heated by solar energy flows through the underground buried pipe heat exchanger;

[0130] 3) Adopt a pulse operation strategy: the circulating pump runs at rated flow for 30 minutes and then stops for 15 minutes.

[0131] The technical principle of the pulsed operation strategy is as follows: pulsed operation utilizes the thermal diffusion characteristics of the soil to transfer heat around the buried pipe to distant locations during pump shutdown, reducing pipe wall thermal resistance and improving heat transfer efficiency. Experiments have verified that this intermittent operation mode improves heat transfer efficiency by 15-20% compared to continuous operation.

[0132] Step S32: For the active cooling cycle, it is applicable to the heat accumulation state of ETD>+Eth2; its trigger condition is: >+Eth2, where +Eth2 is the heat accumulation threshold, typically set to 3000MJ; the optimized runtime prioritizes nighttime (22:00-06:00) to enhance the heat dissipation effect by utilizing the low temperature environment at night; the control strategy is as follows:

[0133] 1) Switch the solar dual-effect module to radiative heat dissipation mode, or start the auxiliary heat dissipation device;

[0134] 2) Set the outlet water temperature of the heat dissipation device to be 3°C lower than the ambient wet-bulb temperature;

[0135] 3) The same pulse operation strategy is adopted, and the operating parameters are symmetrical with the heat storage cycle.

[0136] Heat dissipation mechanism: Heat is dissipated through radiation plates into the night sky, or through evaporation in a cooling tower, achieving efficient cold repair; Formula for calculating heat exchange per pulse:

[0137] ;

[0138] in, For single-pulse heat exchange; The duration of the pulse (30 minutes).

[0139] The pulsed repair strategy and intelligent mode switching mechanism of this invention achieve an optimal balance between heat transfer efficiency and energy consumption, increasing the system's overall coefficient of performance (SCOP) by 15% to 25% throughout the year. This benefit is mainly reflected in three aspects:

[0140] Main unit operation optimization: Stable soil temperature ensures that the condensing temperature / evaporating temperature of the ground source heat pump unit is always within the optimal design range, resulting in a significant improvement in cooling / heating COP;

[0141] Improved heat transfer efficiency: The pulse operation strategy utilizes the thermal diffusion characteristics of the soil to reduce the thermal resistance of the pipe wall, thereby increasing the heat transfer per unit pipe length by more than 20%.

[0142] Auxiliary equipment coordination: The intelligent mode switching of the solar dual-effect module maximizes the use of natural energy and reduces the consumption of conventional energy.

[0143] Step S4: Achieve the integrity of the repair process and a smooth system transition.

[0144] Step S41, Exit condition judgment:

[0145] Condition 1: The ETD value recovers to the equilibrium range [-Eth0, +Eth0]; where ±Eth0 is the equilibrium threshold (typical value ±500MJ).

[0146] Condition 2: Set a preset time (e.g., 3 days) before the end of the idle period to ensure that the system has enough time to prepare for mode switching.

[0147] Step S42, Exit Process:

[0148] (1) Gradually reduce the intensity of the repair to avoid temperature shock;

[0149] (2) Perform a system integrity check;

[0150] (3) Switch to standby mode or prepare to enter the power supply mode during the service period;

[0151] (4) Generate a repair report, including cumulative heat exchange, energy consumption analysis, etc.

[0152] Step S5: Employ a hybrid intelligent algorithm that combines rule-based and model predictive control to achieve intelligent control.

[0153] Step S51, Rule Engine: Handles discrete logic such as calendar triggers and load threshold judgments.

[0154] Step S52, Predictive Model: Use time series analysis (such as ARIMA) or machine learning models (such as LSTM) to predict future short-term loads and soil temperature, and optimize the timing of remediation start-up and shutdown.

[0155] Step S53, Optimizer: With the goal of maximizing the overall energy efficiency of the system, dynamically optimize parameters such as pulse operation cycle and flow setpoint.

[0156] Step S54, Adaptive Module: Based on historical operating data, periodically update the ETD threshold and control parameters to adapt to changes in the long-term operation of the system.

[0157] Step S6: Optimize the system based on the cross-seasonal energy balance equation.

[0158] The cross-seasonal energy balance equation is shown below:

[0159] ;

[0160] in, This represents the change in soil heat storage; For the initial moment Heat storage in the soil; For the end time Heat storage in the soil; and These are the building load and the power of active repair, respectively. and These are the heat exchange efficiencies for building load and active repair, respectively.

[0161] The physical meaning is: within the time interval [t1, t2], the change in soil heat storage is equal to the difference between the heat storage at the end of the period and the heat storage at the beginning of the period. This change is determined by the building load during the same period ( ) and heat pump recovery load ( The result of the combined effect is the integral.

[0162] In this invention, through intelligent control, changes in soil heat storage caused by the building's load period (during the semester) are proactively compensated for during the building's vacancy period (during holidays), thereby achieving the following within an annual cycle:

[0163] .

[0164] The achievement of this equilibrium condition ensures the long-term stability of the soil temperature field, laying a solid foundation for the efficient operation of the ground source heat pump system.

[0165] Example

[0166] This embodiment describes the control method proposed in this invention in detail based on the actual application scenario of a ground source heat pump system in a university student dormitory. The specific process is as follows:

[0167] Step S1: Data Acquisition and Status Assessment.

[0168] Step S11: Real-time data collection.

[0169] Soil temperature field data: Average temperature T at a depth of 50m soil =15℃.

[0170] System operating parameters: Inlet water temperature of buried pipe =12℃, outlet water temperature =14℃, flow rate .

[0171] School calendar information: Summer vacation starts on July 1st, automatically obtained via API.

[0172] Step S12: Calculate the soil thermal imbalance degree (ETD), as shown below:

[0173] ;

[0174] Where, c = 4.18 kJ / (kg·K) (specific heat capacity of the medium); ρ = 1020 kg / m³ 3 (Medium density), the integration period starts from system startup or the last equilibrium point.

[0175] Example: If - =2℃, after 1 hour of operation, the cumulative ETD≈100MJ. ETD>0 indicates heat accumulation, and ETD<0 indicates heat deficit.

[0176] Step S2: Operation mode decision.

[0177] Step S21, Mode switching conditions:

[0178] (1) Semester Energy Supply Mode: When the school calendar date falls within the semester, i.e. from September 1 to January 15 of the following year, and the building load rate is ≥60%, switch to semester energy supply mode.

[0179] (2) Holiday energy storage repair mode: When the school calendar date falls on a holiday, i.e. winter vacation from January 16 to February 28 and summer vacation from July 1 to August 31, and the load rate is continuously <20% for more than 24 hours, switch to holiday energy storage repair mode.

[0180] Step S22, Decision Logic:

[0181] Set the thermal accumulation threshold +Eth2 = 3000MJ and the thermal deficit threshold −Eth1 = −2500MJ. The intelligent control center compares ETD with the threshold. When ETD = +3500MJ and it is summer vacation, the system switches to the vacation energy storage repair mode.

[0182] Step S3: Development and execution of repair strategies.

[0183] Step S31: Active heat dissipation cycle, used for ETD>+Eth2.

[0184] Time window: Prioritize nighttime (22:00-06:00) to take advantage of the low temperature environment.

[0185] Control actions: Switch the solar dual-effect module to radiation heat dissipation mode; adjust the three-way valve to allow the working fluid to flow through the cooling tower, and set the outlet water temperature to be 3°C lower than the ambient wet-bulb temperature.

[0186] A pulse operation strategy is adopted: the circulating pump runs at the rated flow rate for 30 minutes and then stops for 15 minutes.

[0187] The heat dissipation of a single pulse is calculated as follows:

[0188] ;

[0189] in, =30 minutes; when - =−2℃, ≈−50MJ.

[0190] Step S32: Active heat storage cycle, used for ETD<-Eth1.

[0191] The control actions are symmetrical: the solar panels switch to collector mode, and the working fluid is heated by the collector and then injected into the buried pipe; the pulse operation parameters are the same as the heat dissipation cycle. - >0.

[0192] Safety monitoring: Real-time monitoring of pipeline pressure (alarm threshold 1.2MPa) and temperature (limit 80°C), triggering shutdown when limits are exceeded.

[0193] Step S4: Repair complete and exit.

[0194] Step S41, Exit Condition: ETD recovers to the balance range, i.e. −Eth0=−500MJ, +Eth0=+500MJ or 3 days before the end of the holiday, i.e. August 28.

[0195] Step S41, Exit Action: Stop the repair operation, the system enters standby mode, and pre-starts the semester power supply mode check process.

[0196] Furthermore, by improving the utilization efficiency of underground heat exchangers, this invention can reduce the number or depth of underground pipe drilling by 10%-20% while meeting the same load requirements. Taking a typical university dormitory project as an example, underground pipe investment accounts for approximately 30%-40% of the total system investment; therefore, this invention can reduce the total system investment by 5%-8%. Thus, this invention reduces the land area occupied by underground pipe sites, saving land resources; reduces the amount of drilling and pipe laying work, shortening the construction period; and optimizes the capacity of auxiliary equipment, avoiding over-configuration.

[0197] The above steps are executed automatically and iteratively through the intelligent control center to ensure real-time maintenance of soil thermal balance. All parameters are set based on engineering practice and can be dynamically optimized according to actual monitoring data.

[0198] like Figure 3 The diagram shows a comparison of the soil average temperature variation trends between the proposed method and traditional methods. Curve A represents the annual average temperature variation trend of the soil core area when a traditional ground source heat pump system is in operation. Because the system continuously discharges net heat to the soil during operation (semester) and there are no remedial measures during idle periods (holidays), soil heat accumulates year by year, forming irreversible heat buildup. It can be seen that the soil temperature rose steadily from an initial approximately 18°C ​​to nearly 28°C over six years, exhibiting a clear monotonic increasing trend. This deterioration directly leads to a year-on-year decrease in the system's cooling efficiency (COP).

[0199] Curve B represents the annual average temperature variation trend of the soil core area using the optimized control method and system proposed in this invention, based on calendar perception for proactive cross-seasonal energy storage and remediation. Because the system actively performs reverse energy transport (heat storage in winter, heat dissipation in summer) during the summer and winter breaks, it restores the soil thermal balance. The soil temperature consistently fluctuates slightly around a stable equilibrium temperature (approximately 16.5°C) without unidirectional drift. The curves in the figure illustrate typical dynamic balance processes of summer storage for winter use and winter storage for summer use.

[0200] The bifurcation of the two curves visually demonstrates the core value of this invention. The traditional approach (curve A) leads to a continuous decline in resources (soil heat exchange capacity), while this invention (curve B) transforms idle periods into maintenance periods through intelligent peak-shaving and valley-filling energy management, achieving sustainable and efficient utilization of underground thermal resources and maintaining the foundation for long-term efficient system operation.

[0201] According to model predictions, using the method of this invention, the annual average temperature fluctuation range in the soil core area can be controlled within ±1.5℃, representing a significant technological breakthrough compared to the traditional system where the annual soil temperature drift exceeds 5℃. This stability ensures that the ground source heat pump unit operates in its high-efficiency range for extended periods, preventing system performance degradation due to soil temperature deterioration.

[0202] Therefore, this invention employs the aforementioned dynamic load-based ground source heat pump optimization and control method and system. Through a proactive cross-seasonal repair strategy based on calendar events, it fundamentally solves the problem of soil thermal imbalance during the long-term operation of ground source heat pump systems. For the first time, calendar events are used as the core input of an advanced control strategy, achieving truly predictive intelligent control. This allows for advance planning of repair tasks and proactive, gradual operation, avoiding drastic adjustments and frequent equipment start-ups and shutdowns caused by reactive responses. The decision-making algorithm of the intelligent control center possesses self-learning capabilities, dynamically optimizing ETD thresholds and control parameters based on historical operating data to achieve continuous system performance improvement. This intelligent characteristic enables the system to adapt to the climatic characteristics and building usage patterns of different regions, exhibiting broad applicability.

[0203] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can still be made to the technical solutions of the present invention, and these modifications or equivalent substitutions cannot cause the modified technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic load-based ground source heat pump optimization and control system, characterized in that: It includes a data sensing and acquisition module, a status assessment and decision-making module, an execution and repair strategy module, an auxiliary energy and heat exchange module, and an intelligent control center module; The data sensing and acquisition module is responsible for collecting real-time system operating status and external environmental information, including a soil temperature field monitoring unit, a system operating parameter monitoring unit, a calendar information interface unit, and an environmental parameter acquisition unit. (1) Soil temperature field monitoring unit: It consists of a distributed temperature sensor array arranged at different depths and horizontal positions in the buried pipe field area, which is used to acquire three-dimensional soil temperature distribution data in real time. (2) System operating parameter monitoring unit: integrates sensors to monitor the inlet and outlet water temperature, flow rate, and system pressure operating parameters of the buried pipe circulating medium; (3) Calendar information interface unit: It connects to the building energy management system or calendar database through a standard data interface to automatically obtain structured building usage calendar information and identify the usage period and vacancy period; (4) Environmental parameter acquisition unit: includes outdoor temperature and humidity sensors and solar radiation sensors, used to collect meteorological data to provide environmental basis for the optimization of remediation strategies; The status assessment and decision-making module processes and evaluates the collected data and makes operating mode decisions, including the thermal imbalance ETD calculation engine and the intelligent mode decision-maker. (1) Thermal imbalance calculation engine: Built-in integral thermal balance algorithm to calculate the cumulative net heat exchange of soil since the last equilibrium point in real time; (2) Intelligent mode decision-maker: Based on the rule engine, the system automatically judges and switches the system operation mode by taking calendar events as the first trigger condition and combining the real-time building load rate. Specifically, it includes the energy supply mode and the repair mode. The execution and repair strategy module receives decision instructions and controls specific equipment to perform thermal balance repair actions; Auxiliary energy and heat exchange modules provide energy replenishment and conversion capabilities for the system; The intelligent control center module adopts a hybrid intelligent algorithm architecture that integrates a rule engine, a prediction model, an optimizer, and an adaptive learning module to integrate and coordinate the work of each module.

2. The dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, Thermal imbalance calculation engine: Built-in integral thermal balance algorithm, calculates the cumulative net heat exchange of soil since the last equilibrium point in real time, as shown below: ； in, This represents the thermal imbalance value. Specific heat capacity of the circulating medium; The density of the circulating medium; For circulating flow; and These are the real-time monitoring temperatures of the inlet and outlet of the buried pipe, respectively; , [ ] represents the integration interval.

3. The dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization and control system according to claim 2, characterized in that, The execution and repair strategy module includes: a strategy executor and a pulse operation controller; (1) Strategy executor: Based on the thermal imbalance assessment results, it calls the preset repair strategy program, which specifically includes: Active thermal storage strategy program: When ETD < -Eth1, control the solar dual-effect module to switch to thermal collection mode, and adjust the valve to allow the heated working fluid to flow into the buried pipe; where -Eth1 is the cold deficit threshold. Active cooling strategy program: When ETD>+Eth2, control the solar modules to switch to radiative cooling mode or start the cooling tower; where +Eth2 is the heat accumulation threshold. (2) Pulse operation controller: In repair mode, the circulating pump and valve equipment are controlled to work according to the pulse cycle of operation-stop to optimize heat transfer efficiency and energy consumption.

4. The dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary energy and heat exchange module includes: a foundation buried pipe heat exchange loop and a multi-mode auxiliary energy unit; (1) Foundation buried pipe heat exchange loop: It consists of underground buried pipe heat exchanger, user-side circulation system and heat pump host to realize heat exchange with soil; (2) The multi-mode auxiliary energy unit includes: a solar dual-effect module and an auxiliary heat dissipation device; Solar dual-effect modules: intelligently switch between heat collection mode and radiative heat dissipation mode; Auxiliary heat dissipation device: enhances heat dissipation through evaporative cooling.

5. The dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization and control system according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent control center module includes: a hybrid core algorithm, a system coordination and communication hub, and a human-computer interaction and report generation unit; (1) System Coordination and Communication Hub: Responsible for data flow and instruction distribution between modules; (2) Human-computer interaction and report generation unit: Provides a system status monitoring interface and automatically generates a repair report containing cumulative heat exchange and energy consumption analysis after the repair is completed.

6. The optimization and control method for a dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization and control system according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step S1: Through multi-source data fusion technology, data collection and status assessment are carried out to achieve comprehensive perception of the system status; Step S2: Based on the switching decision of the operating mode triggered by multiple conditions, realize intelligent mode switching and ensure that the system always runs in the optimal state; Step S3: Develop and implement corresponding repair strategies for different thermal imbalance states; Step S4: Achieve the integrity of the repair process and a smooth system transition; Step S5: Employ a hybrid intelligent algorithm that combines rule-based and model predictive control to achieve intelligent control; Step S6: Optimize the system based on the cross-seasonal energy balance equation.

7. The optimization and control method for a dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization and control system according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S2, the switching logic for the operating mode based on multiple conditions specifically includes: Step S21, Service Life Power Supply Mode: The system switches to service life power supply mode when the following conditions are met simultaneously: A. The calendar date falls within the building's usage period; B. The building's real-time load factor is greater than or equal to 60%; where load factor = real-time load / design load; During the service life energy supply mode, meeting the indoor environmental needs is the first priority, and auxiliary energy equipment is only put into operation during peak load periods as a peak-shaving means. Step S22, Idle Period Repair Mode: When the following conditions are met simultaneously for more than 24 hours, the system switches to idle period repair mode: a) The building enters its vacancy period according to the calendar date; b. The building load factor is consistently less than 20%; During the idle period remediation mode, the system operation priority shifts to soil thermal balance remediation, and building load requirements are met by other backup systems.

8. The optimization and control method for a dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization and control system according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S3, a pulse operation strategy is adopted, with operating parameters symmetrical to the heat storage cycle. The formula for calculating the heat exchange capacity of a single pulse is as follows: ； in, For single-pulse heat exchange; Specific heat capacity of the circulating medium; The density of the circulating medium; For circulating flow; and These are the real-time monitoring temperatures of the inlet and outlet of the buried pipe, respectively. This refers to the pulse duration.

9. The optimization and control method for a dynamic load ground source heat pump optimization and control system according to claim 6, characterized in that, In step S6, the cross-seasonal energy balance equation is as follows: ； in, This represents the change in soil heat storage; For the initial moment Heat storage in the soil; For the end time Heat storage in the soil; and These are the building load and the power of active repair, respectively. and These are the heat exchange efficiencies for building load and active repair, respectively.

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