Magnetic suspension bearing temperature testing device for vehicle-mounted flywheel battery

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of magnetic suspension bearing testing, and discloses a magnetic suspension bearing temperature testing device for a vehicle-mounted flywheel battery, and the device comprises a basic platform. The high-speed driving assembly is detachably connected with the basic platform; the vacuum environment simulation assembly is detachably connected with the basic platform; an isolation sleeve is arranged on the side of the vacuum environment simulation assembly, and the high-speed driving assembly corresponds to the isolation sleeve; the magnetic suspension bearing fixing assembly is located in the vacuum environment simulation assembly; the protection device assemblies are located on the two sides of the bearing to be tested; and the rotating shaft connecting assembly is located between the protection device assembly and the isolation sleeve. According to the invention, steady-state and transient-state temperature characteristic testing of the magnetic suspension bearing under a real operation condition is realized, and a reliable experimental basis is provided for thermal characteristic analysis, structure optimization design, thermal management strategy formulation and magnetic-thermal coupling model establishment of the magnetic suspension bearing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of magnetic levitation bearing testing technology, and in particular to a temperature testing device for magnetic levitation bearings used in vehicle flywheel batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Hybrid magnetic levitation bearings have become a core supporting component of high-energy-density vehicle flywheel battery systems due to their significant advantages of being contactless, frictionless, lubrication-free, low-power, and high-speed. However, vehicle operating conditions place stringent requirements on magnetic levitation bearings: the flywheel rotor needs to maintain ultra-high-speed rotation within a vacuum-sealed cavity to reduce wind loss, while the complex road surface excitation during vehicle operation will generate multi-dimensional and multi-frequency fundamental excitations on the bearing-rotor system.

[0003] Under the aforementioned operating conditions, ultra-high-speed rotation leads to a sharp increase in bearing core hysteresis and eddy current losses. The vacuum environment restricts heat dissipation to a limited number of solid conduction paths, resulting in extremely poor heat dissipation conditions and easily causing significant temperature rises in the bearing stator, windings, and especially permanent magnet components. The magnetic properties of permanent magnets decay with increasing temperature, and irreversible demagnetization may even occur, directly altering the air gap magnetic field distribution and affecting the bearing's load-bearing stiffness and operational stability, creating a complex magnetic-thermal bidirectional coupling effect. Therefore, accurately understanding the internal three-dimensional transient temperature field distribution of magnetic levitation bearings under real-world vacuum and high-speed operating conditions is a core prerequisite for evaluating and improving their service performance and operational reliability.

[0004] Existing technologies have significant shortcomings in acquiring relevant temperature data: First, there is a lack of dedicated in-situ temperature measurement solutions adapted to vacuum-sealed environments. Conventional contact thermocouples face challenges in vacuum sealing and lead wire placement, while non-contact infrared temperature measurement is limited by metal cavity obstruction and difficulties in emissivity calibration, making it impossible to achieve multi-point, in-situ, real-time, and high-precision temperature measurement of key components inside the bearing. Second, existing magnetic levitation bearing testing devices mostly focus on static support characteristic measurements, generally treating the bearing as a cold isothermal model, completely ignoring the temperature rise effect caused by operating losses. The test parameters cannot reflect the material property degradation and magnetic field distortion caused by temperature rise. Third, the lack of measured temperature data means that research on the magnetic-thermal coupling mechanism and multi-physics coupling analysis can only rely on theoretical simulations, lacking key experimental verification evidence, which seriously restricts the forward design and control optimization of vehicle-mounted magnetic levitation bearing systems.

[0005] To address this, a temperature testing device for magnetic levitation bearings used in vehicle-mounted flywheel batteries is proposed. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a temperature testing device for magnetic levitation bearings used in vehicle flywheel batteries, which aims to solve or improve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following solution: The present invention provides a temperature testing device for a magnetic levitation bearing used in a vehicle-mounted flywheel battery, comprising... A basic platform, which is a cuboid structure, has several parallel strip grooves on its top surface. A high-speed drive assembly, which is detachably connected to the base platform via a slot; A vacuum environment simulation component is detachably connected to the base platform via a strip groove. The vacuum environment simulation component is located on the side of the high-speed drive component. An isolation sleeve is provided on the side of the vacuum environment simulation component, and the high-speed drive component is located outside the vacuum environment simulation component and is correspondingly arranged with the isolation sleeve. A magnetic levitation bearing fixing assembly is located inside the vacuum environment simulation assembly. A bearing to be tested is disposed inside the magnetic levitation bearing fixing assembly, and a temperature sensor is installed inside the bearing to be tested. A protection device assembly, which is located within the vacuum environment simulation assembly and on both sides of the bearing under test; A rotating shaft connection assembly is located between the protection device assembly and the isolation sleeve, and one end of the rotating shaft connection assembly is fixedly connected to the rotor of the bearing to be tested.

[0008] Preferably, the high-speed drive assembly includes a motor base located on the base platform, the motor base being detachably connected to the base platform via a strip groove; a high-speed motor is fixedly connected to the motor base by bolts, an inner magnetic rotor body is coaxially disposed at the end of the output shaft of the high-speed motor, the inner magnetic rotor body is connected to the output shaft of the high-speed motor via a flat key, a plurality of first mounting slots are formed on the periphery of the inner magnetic rotor body, an inner magnetic rotor permanent magnet is fixedly installed in the first mounting slot, and the inner magnetic rotor body and the inner magnetic rotor permanent magnet are located within the isolation sleeve.

[0009] Preferably, the vacuum environment simulation component includes a vacuum hood base detachably connected to the top surface of the base platform. An auxiliary thermal control module is fixedly connected to the vacuum hood base. A vacuum hood cover is installed on the top surface of the vacuum hood base. The vacuum hood cover and the vacuum hood base cooperate to form a sealed cavity. Several connecting and fixing structures are provided between the vacuum hood cover and the vacuum hood base. The vacuum hood cover is made of transparent material. An infrared transmission window is provided on the vacuum hood cover corresponding to the temperature measurement position. A vacuum pump connector, a vacuum gauge, and a thermometer are installed on the top of the vacuum hood cover. An electrical signal integration interface is installed on the side wall of the vacuum hood cover. One end of the isolation sleeve penetrates through the side wall of the vacuum hood cover and is located inside the vacuum hood cover. The other end of the isolation sleeve is flush with the side wall of the vacuum hood cover and communicates with the outside.

[0010] Preferably, the magnetic levitation bearing fixing assembly includes a fixed base fixedly connected to the vacuum chamber base. A plurality of pressure rods are fixedly connected to the top surface of the fixed base. An upper pressure block and a lower support block are arranged in parallel above the fixed base. The upper pressure block and the lower support block move up and down along the pressure rods. The pressure rods pass through the upper pressure block and the lower support block. V-shaped grooves are respectively opened on the bottom surface of the upper pressure block and the top surface of the lower support block. The bearing to be tested is located in the V-shaped groove. Rotating nuts are respectively provided on the pressure rods, the top surface of the upper pressure block, and the bottom surface of the lower support block.

[0011] Preferably, the protection device assembly includes two bearing supports fixedly connected to the vacuum chamber base. A protective bearing is installed inside the bearing support. A bearing end cap is fixedly connected to the bearing support and is located on one side of the protective bearing. A photoelectric reflective speed sensor is installed on the bearing support near the isolation sleeve. The photoelectric reflective speed sensor is correspondingly arranged with the rotating shaft connection assembly. A fiber optic rotary joint bracket is fixedly connected to one side of the other bearing support.

[0012] Preferably, the rotating shaft connection assembly includes an inner rotating shaft and an outer rotating shaft arranged coaxially. The inner end faces of the inner rotating shaft and the outer rotating shaft are respectively provided with internal threads. The inner rotating shaft and the outer rotating shaft are respectively connected to the rotor thread of the bearing under test through the internal threads. An outer magnetic rotor body is provided at the end of the inner rotating shaft away from the bearing under test. The outer magnetic rotor body is connected to the inner rotating shaft through a flat key. A plurality of second mounting grooves are provided on the inner side of the outer magnetic rotor body. An outer magnetic rotor permanent magnet is fixedly connected in the second mounting groove. The outer magnetic rotor permanent magnet is located on the periphery of the isolation sleeve. An optical fiber rotary connector is provided on the side of the outer rotating shaft. The rotor part of the optical fiber rotary connector is fixedly connected to the outer rotating shaft coaxially through bolts. The stator part of the optical fiber rotary connector is fixedly connected to the optical fiber rotary connector bracket through bolts.

[0013] Preferably, both the inner and outer rotating shafts are hollow shaft structures, and radial through holes for leading out optical fiber bundles are provided at the rotating shaft step positions of the inner and outer rotating shafts.

[0014] Preferably, bolt holes are provided on the side walls of the inner magnetic rotor body and the outer magnetic rotor body, and hexagonal bolts are threaded into the bolt holes. The hexagonal bolts located in the inner magnetic rotor body abut against the output shaft of the high-speed motor, and the hexagonal bolts located in the outer magnetic rotor body abut against the inner rotating shaft.

[0015] The present invention discloses the following technical effects: This invention achieves physical isolation between the power system and the vacuum environment by setting up an independent vacuum chamber and a non-contact drive structure with a magnetic coupling. Under the premise of ensuring the sealing of the chamber, the rotor is driven to rotate at high speed, thereby realistically simulating the vacuum high-speed operation of the magnetic levitation bearing in the vehicle flywheel energy storage system.

[0016] A multi-point synchronous temperature acquisition system enables real-time temperature monitoring of the stator winding, core, support structure, and key thermal path nodes. By combining fiber optic grating sensors and thermocouple sensors, interference-resistant measurements can be achieved in strong electromagnetic environments, and the spatial distribution and evolution of the internal temperature field of the magnetic levitation bearing can be obtained.

[0017] By adjusting the vacuum level of the cavity, introducing an auxiliary heating module, and implementing step or programmed heating methods, the thermal boundary conditions can be controlled and altered. This allows for steady-state temperature distribution testing and transient temperature response testing, thereby obtaining temperature rise characteristics and thermal response characteristics under different heat transfer conditions and thermal disturbance conditions.

[0018] By combining a hollow rotating shaft structure with an optical fiber rotary connector, the temperature signal of the rotating component can be stably extracted, avoiding the problems of high signal interference, low reliability and insufficient security of traditional wiring methods.

[0019] It can achieve steady-state and transient temperature characteristic testing of magnetic levitation bearings under real operating conditions without introducing additional mechanical interference, providing a reliable experimental basis for the thermal characteristic analysis, structural optimization design, thermal management strategy formulation and magnetic-thermal coupling model establishment of magnetic levitation bearings. Attached Figure Description

[0020] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the vehicle magnetic levitation bearing temperature testing device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is an exploded view of the high-speed drive unit of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vacuum environment simulation component structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an exploded view of the protective device components of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the magnetic levitation bearing fixing assembly structure of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the bearing structure to be tested in this invention; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the rotating shaft connection assembly structure of the present invention; The components include: 1. High-speed drive assembly; 2. Vacuum environment simulation assembly; 3. Protection device assembly; 4. Magnetic levitation bearing fixing assembly; 5. Rotary shaft connection assembly; 101. Motor base; 102. High-speed motor; 104. Inner magnetic rotor permanent magnet; 105. Inner magnetic rotor body; 201. Vacuum cover; 202. Vacuum pump connector; 203. Vacuum gauge; 204. Thermometer; 205. Vacuum cover base; 206. Connection and fixing structure; 207. Electrical signal integrated interface; 208. Auxiliary thermal control module; 209. Isolation sleeve; 301. Bearing support seat; 302. Photoelectric reflective speed sensor; 303. Protective bearing; 304. Bearing end cap; 305, Fiber optic rotary connector bracket; 401, Fixed base; 402, Pressure rod; 403, Lower support block; 404, Bearing under test; 4041, Magnetic levitation bearing stator; 4042, Embedded thermocouple sensor; 4043, Stator winding; 4044, Patch-type fiber optic grating temperature sensor; 4045, Embedded fiber optic grating temperature sensor; 4046, Magnetic levitation bearing rotor; 4047, Bearing permanent magnet; 405, Upper pressure block; 501, External magnetic rotor permanent magnet; 502, External magnetic rotor body; 504, Inner rotating shaft; 505, Outer rotating shaft; 506, Fiber optic rotary connector; 507, Reflective sticker. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0024] Reference Figures 1-7 This invention provides a temperature testing device for a magnetic levitation bearing used in a vehicle-mounted flywheel battery, comprising: A basic platform, which is a cuboid structure, has several parallel strip grooves on its top surface. High-speed drive component 1, which is detachably connected to the base platform via a strip groove; A vacuum environment simulation component 2 is detachably connected to the base platform via a strip groove. The vacuum environment simulation component 2 is located on the side of the high-speed drive component 1. An isolation sleeve 209 is provided on the side of the vacuum environment simulation component 2. The high-speed drive component 1 is located outside the vacuum environment simulation component 2 and is correspondingly arranged with the isolation sleeve 209. A magnetic levitation bearing fixing assembly 4 is located inside the vacuum environment simulation assembly 2. A bearing 404 to be tested is installed inside the magnetic levitation bearing fixing assembly 4, and a temperature sensor is installed inside the bearing 404 to be tested. The protection device assembly 3 is located inside the vacuum environment simulation assembly 2 and on both sides of the bearing under test 404; A rotating shaft connection assembly 5 is located between the protection device assembly 3 and the isolation sleeve 209, and one end of the rotating shaft connection assembly 5 is fixedly connected to the rotor of the bearing 404 to be tested.

[0025] A temperature sensor is placed on the bearing under test 404 and clamped and positioned by a magnetic levitation bearing fixing unit. The installation height is precisely adjusted by rotating the positioning nut to ensure coaxial alignment with the central axis of the protection device assembly 3. Then, one end of the outer rotating shaft 505 in the rotating shaft connection assembly 5 is connected to the rotor of the bearing under test 404, and the other end is connected to the rotor portion of the fiber optic rotary connector 506. This connection is then fixed in place with the fiber optic rotary connector bracket 305 on the protection device assembly 3, achieving stable output of the temperature sensor signal from inside the rotating rotor. One end of the inner rotating shaft 504 is connected to the bearing under test 404, and the other end is coupled to the input end of the high-speed drive unit via a magnetic coupling, forming a complete rotary transmission chain. The magnetic coupling is used to achieve non-contact power transmission while isolating the influence of drive end vibration on the tested system. The entire assembly is located inside the vacuum environment simulation device assembly. During testing, the vacuum environment simulation device is activated to establish preset operating environment parameters, including cavity vacuum and ambient temperature. After reaching the set environment, the high-speed drive assembly 1 is activated to accelerate the rotor system to the target operating speed and maintain stable operation. After the rotational speed stabilizes, steady-state temperature data can be acquired, or thermal boundary disturbance tests can be performed. These tests include adjusting the cavity vacuum, activating the auxiliary heating module, and implementing step or programmed temperature increases. Simultaneously, a high-frequency temperature data acquisition system is activated to record the temperature at each measuring point in real time, obtaining the transient temperature response process and dynamic thermal characteristics of the magnetic levitation bearing under disturbance conditions. Finally, the acquired steady-state and transient temperature data are processed and analyzed to extract the temperature rise curve, time response characteristics, and temperature distribution patterns, obtaining the thermal characteristic parameters of the 404 bearing under test. This provides experimental basis for thermal model verification and performance evaluation.

[0026] In a further optimized design, the high-speed drive assembly 1 includes a motor base 101 located on the base platform. The motor base 101 has a mounting surface and mounting holes that match the housing of the high-speed motor 102. The motor base 101 is detachably connected to the base platform via a slot. The high-speed motor 102 is fixedly connected to the motor base 101 by bolts, achieving stable installation and positioning of the high-speed motor 102. An inner magnetic rotor body 105 is coaxially disposed at the end of the output shaft of the high-speed motor 102. The inner magnetic rotor body 105 and the high-speed motor 102 are connected to each other. The output shaft of the high-speed motor 102 is connected by a flat key. A keyway is provided on the output shaft of the high-speed motor 102. A mating keyway is provided in the inner hole of the inner magnetic rotor body 105 corresponding to the keyway. A flat key is provided between the keyway and the mating keyway to achieve torque transmission between the output shaft of the high-speed motor 102 and the inner magnetic rotor body 105. Several first mounting slots are provided on the periphery of the inner magnetic rotor body 105. An inner magnetic rotor permanent magnet 104 is fixedly installed in each of the first mounting slots. The inner magnetic rotor body 105 and the inner magnetic rotor permanent magnet 104 are located inside the isolation sleeve 209. This creates a stable magnetic field distribution when the inner magnetic rotor body 105 rotates. The inner magnetic rotor body 105 and the inner magnetic rotor permanent magnet 104 are integrally disposed inside the isolation sleeve 209, isolating them from the external atmospheric environment, thus achieving power output under vacuum sealing conditions. The output shaft of the high-speed motor 102, the inner magnetic rotor body 105, and the inner magnetic rotor permanent magnet 104 are arranged coaxially to ensure the dynamic balance performance and transmission stability of the high-speed drive unit during high-speed operation.

[0027] The high-speed drive assembly 1 is placed outside the vacuum chamber, and non-contact power transmission is achieved through a magnetic coupling. Accurate measurement of the temperature rise characteristics and temperature field distribution caused by the inherent losses of the magnetic levitation bearing is crucial. If the motor is placed inside the vacuum chamber, its own heating will create additional thermal radiation and conduction interference to the bearing 404 under test, making it impossible to distinguish between the bearing's self-heating and the influence of external heat sources, thus hindering the establishment of an accurate 'loss-temperature rise-magnetic performance degradation' mapping relationship. Therefore, the external placement of the high-speed drive assembly 1 ensures a realistic simulation of the high-speed vacuum operating environment while effectively isolating external heat source interference, providing pure experimental conditions for studying the magnetic-thermal coupling mechanism of the magnetic levitation bearing itself.

[0028] Further optimizing the design, the vacuum environment simulation component 2 includes a vacuum chamber base 205 detachably connected to the top surface of the base platform. An auxiliary thermal control module 208 is fixedly connected to the vacuum chamber base 205, used to actively adjust the local boundary temperature under specific experimental conditions to simulate different heat dissipation conditions or conduct thermal shock tests. This module can simulate the coupled effect of heat generation from other components in the flywheel battery system on the temperature rise of the magnetic levitation bearing. A vacuum cover 201 is installed on the top surface of the vacuum cover base 205. The vacuum cover 201 and the vacuum cover base 205 cooperate to form a sealed cavity. An annular sealing groove is formed on the top surface of the vacuum cover base 205. A rubber sealing ring is embedded in the annular sealing groove. The rubber sealing ring is located between the vacuum cover base 205 and the vacuum cover 201. The airtight seal is achieved by the compression deformation of the rubber sealing ring. Several connecting and fixing structures 206 are provided between the vacuum cover 201 and the vacuum cover base 205 to apply axial preload to achieve a reliable pressing fit and ensure the cavity is airtight. The vacuum cover 201 is made of transparent material, which facilitates observation of the internal operating status of the cavity. The vacuum cover 201 is provided with an infrared transmission window corresponding to the temperature measurement position, which is used for non-contact temperature measurement of the internal magnetic levitation bearing by an infrared thermal imager. The infrared transmission window is preferably made of a material with high infrared transmittance, such as zinc selenide, germanium, or sapphire. A vacuum pump connector 202, a vacuum gauge 203, and a thermometer 204 are installed on the top of the vacuum cover 201. An electrical signal integration interface 207 is installed on the side wall of the vacuum cover 201 for uniformly leading the internal sensor signals to an external data acquisition system. The interface can be simultaneously brought out, allowing centralized transmission of multiple signals within the vacuum chamber via various temperature sensing signals and control signals from the auxiliary thermal control module 208. The vacuum pump connector 202 connects to an external vacuum pump for evacuation of the chamber. A vacuum gauge 203 monitors the vacuum level inside the chamber in real time, and a thermometer 204 monitors the ambient temperature inside the chamber. One end of the isolation sleeve 209 penetrates the side wall of the vacuum cover 201 and is located inside the vacuum cover 201; the other end of the isolation sleeve 209 is flush with the side wall of the vacuum cover 201 and communicates with the outside. The isolation sleeve 209 physically isolates the interior of the chamber from the exterior while allowing magnetic field transmission, enabling non-contact torque transmission between the inner and outer rotors of the magnetic coupling. Specifically, the inner rotor is located inside the isolation sleeve 209, and the outer rotor is fitted onto the outside of the isolation sleeve 209; power transmission is achieved through magnetic field coupling. The isolation sleeve 209 is made of a material with low magnetic permeability and good mechanical strength, such as austenitic stainless steel or high-strength engineering plastics, to achieve vacuum sealing and withstand internal and external pressure differences while ensuring magnetic field penetration capability. This structure ensures that high-speed rotational drive can still be achieved under vacuum sealing conditions.The vacuum environment simulation component 2 forms a vacuum chamber by sealing the upper cover with the fixed base 401. The magnetic coupling power transmission under vacuum sealing conditions is realized through the isolation sleeve 209. The boundary thermal conditions are regulated through the auxiliary thermal control module 208. The multi-sensor signals are extracted through the electrical signal integration interface 207, forming a comprehensive experimental environment simulation structure that integrates vacuum construction, power transmission, temperature control and signal acquisition.

[0029] In a further optimized design, the magnetic levitation bearing fixing assembly 4 includes a fixed base 401 fixedly connected to the vacuum chamber base 205. Several pressure rods 402 are fixedly connected to the top surface of the fixed base 401. The fixed base 401 serves as the basic support component of the magnetic levitation bearing fixing assembly 4, and has multiple vertically extending mounting holes for fixed connection to the base platform and the pressure rods 402. Above the fixed base 401 are parallel upper pressure blocks 405 and lower support blocks 403, which move up and down along the pressure rods 402. The pressure rods 402 penetrate the upper pressure blocks 405 and lower support blocks 403. V-shaped grooves are respectively formed on the bottom surface of the upper pressure block 405 and the top surface of the lower support block 403. The bearing to be tested 404 is located within the V-shaped grooves. Rotating nuts are respectively provided on the pressure rods 402, the top surface of the upper pressure block 405, and the bottom surface of the lower support block 403. By rotating the rotating nut, the vertical height of the lower support block 403 can be adjusted, thereby achieving precise adjustment and positioning of the overall height of the bearing 404 to be tested, which is mounted on the lower support block 403. The upper pressure block 405 is positioned above the bearing 404 to be tested, and its lower surface also has a V-shaped clamping surface that matches the shape of the bearing 404. The upper pressure block 405 is connected to the fixed base 401 via the pressure rod 402 and corresponding fasteners. When tightened, it applies a downward clamping force to the bearing 404 to be tested, clamping it between the upper pressure block 405 and the lower support block 403. Through the cooperation of the upper pressure block 405 and the lower support block 403, the bearing 404 to be tested is effectively restricted in both the radial and vertical directions, thereby achieving stable fixation of the bearing 404 to be tested and preventing displacement or tilting during the test.

[0030] Further optimizing the design, the protection device assembly 3 includes two bearing support seats 301 fixedly connected to the vacuum chamber base 205. A protective bearing 303 is installed within each bearing support seat 301. The protective bearing 303 is a deep groove ball bearing suitable for vacuum environments, installed within the mounting holes of the bearing support seat 301. The protective bearing 303 is preferably made of high-temperature resistant bearing steel or ceramic material and employs a solid lubrication or non-lubricated structure to prevent lubricant evaporation and failure under vacuum conditions, ensuring reliable support performance under extreme operating conditions. A bearing end cap 304 is fixedly connected to the bearing support seat 301, applying axial clamping force to the protective bearing 303, ensuring reliable positioning and preventing axial movement. The bolted connection between the end cap and the support seat provides stable clamping and fixation of the protective bearing 303. The bearing end cap 304 is located on one side of the protective bearing 303. A photoelectric reflective speed sensor 302 is installed on the bearing support 301 near the isolation sleeve 209. The photoelectric reflective speed sensor 302 is correspondingly set with the shaft connection assembly 5. By detecting the reflected signal when the shaft rotates, the real-time measurement of the shaft speed is realized. The high-speed shaft operation status is continuously monitored in the installed state. A fiber optic rotary joint bracket 305 is fixedly connected to one side of the other bearing support 301. The inner ring of the fiber optic rotary joint bracket 305 has a threaded hole for installing a fiber optic rotary joint, realizing a stable connection between the rotating shaft and the external fiber optic signal system. By setting deep groove ball protective bearings 303 with a gap smaller than the air gap of the magnetic levitation bearing on both sides of the bearing under test 404, a mechanical redundancy support structure is formed under extreme working conditions to prevent the rotor from falling and being damaged due to a decrease in load-bearing capacity. At the same time, it integrates speed measurement and rotation fiber optic signal transmission functions, forming an integrated protection component with both safety protection and status monitoring functions.

[0031] Furthermore, the radial clearance between the inner ring of the protective bearing 303 and the shaft is smaller than the air gap length of the bearing under test 404. When the magnetic levitation bearing experiences a decrease in load-bearing capacity and an increase in rotor radial displacement due to temperature rise, the shaft will preferentially contact the protective bearing 303 instead of falling onto the stator or other critical structures of the bearing under test 404. This prevents the rotor from falling and damaging the bearing under test 404; improves testing safety under extreme high-temperature conditions; and establishes a redundant mechanical safety protection mechanism.

[0032] Further optimization of the design reveals that the bearing under test 404 mainly comprises a magnetic levitation bearing stator 4041, an embedded thermocouple sensor 4042, a stator winding 4043, a patch-type fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 4044, an embedded fiber Bragg grating temperature sensor 4045, a magnetic levitation bearing rotor 4046, and a bearing permanent magnet 4047. The magnetic levitation bearing stator 4041 includes a magnetic yoke and multiple radially distributed magnetic pole structures. The bearing permanent magnet 4047 is embedded in a pre-designed mounting cavity inside the stator, forming an integrated magnetic field structure with the stator magnetic circuit structure. The bearing permanent magnet 4047 provides a bias magnetic field, which, together with the control magnetic field generated by the stator winding 4043, constitutes the working magnetic field of the hybrid-excitation magnetic levitation bearing. To achieve direct temperature monitoring of the bearing permanent magnet 4047, microchannels are prefabricated inside the bearing permanent magnet 4047, and embedded fiber optic temperature sensors 4045 are embedded in these channels, making close contact with the bearing permanent magnet 4047. This allows for real-time monitoring of the temperature changes of the bearing permanent magnet 4047 under the combined action of a strong static magnetic field and an alternating eddy current field, thereby assessing its demagnetization risk. Multiple pre-drilled holes are evenly distributed circumferentially on the stator yoke end face, and embedded thermocouple sensors 4042 are embedded in these holes. A total of 16 embedded thermocouple sensors 4042 are arranged on one side of the stator yoke to monitor the heat generated in the yoke region due to hysteresis loss and eddy current loss and its conduction, thereby obtaining the temperature distribution characteristics of the yoke region. The embedded thermocouple sensors 4042 are in direct contact with the yoke metal material, improving the response speed and accuracy of temperature measurement. Microporous structures are pre-formed on the stator magnetic end faces, and embedded fiber optic temperature sensors 4045 are embedded inside the magnetic end faces. Two embedded fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors 4045 are arranged on each magnetic pole end face to monitor changes in the internal temperature field of the magnetic pole. Surface-mount fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors 4044 are attached to the two sides of the stator magnetic pole (one on each side) and the inside of the stator yoke (one between each pair of magnetic poles) using high thermal conductivity insulating adhesive to monitor the surface temperature distribution on the sides of the magnetic pole and the inside of the yoke. Surface-mount fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors 4044 are also attached to the end face, upper side, and side face of each stator winding 4043 to monitor the temperature rise caused by winding copper loss in real time. Pre-fabricated mounting holes are provided inside the magnetic levitation bearing rotor 4046, into which embedded fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors 4045 are embedded to monitor the temperature changes of the rotor during rotation. The temperature sensors on the stator and rotor are symmetrically arranged on both axial end faces to ensure spatial symmetry and integrity of temperature measurement. The fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors on the rotor are connected to the fiber optic rotary connector in the shaft connection assembly 5 via fiber optic lines to achieve stable output of temperature signals during rotation. The surface-mount and embedded fiber Bragg grating temperature sensors 4045 together constitute a temperature sensing array. This array is resistant to electromagnetic interference and suitable for strong magnetic field environments; it is high-voltage resistant and has excellent insulation performance; it is small in size and easy to embed in narrow structural spaces; it can be arranged in series using wavelength division multiplexing to achieve multi-point distributed temperature measurement.Through the aforementioned multi-level, multi-location sensor arrangement, comprehensive monitoring of yoke loss, localized temperature rise of the thermomagnetic poles, winding copper loss heating, temperature rise and demagnetization risk of the bearing permanent magnet 4047, and rotor rotational temperature field is achieved. By arranging embedded and patch-type fiber optic temperature sensors 4044 and thermocouple sensors in key heat-generating areas such as the stator yoke, magnetic poles, windings, bearing permanent magnet 4047, and rotor, a multi-level, distributed temperature monitoring array is constructed. This enables high-precision temperature field measurement under strong electromagnetic environments, providing a reliable experimental basis for the thermal characteristic analysis and demagnetization risk assessment of magnetic levitation bearings.

[0033] Further optimizing the scheme, the rotating shaft connection assembly 5 includes an inner rotating shaft 504 and an outer rotating shaft 505 coaxially arranged. Internal threads are respectively formed on the inner end faces of the inner rotating shaft 504 and the outer rotating shaft 505. The inner rotating shaft 504 and the outer rotating shaft 505 are respectively connected to the rotor thread of the bearing 404 under test through the internal threads. An outer magnetic rotor body 502 is provided at the end of the inner rotating shaft 504 away from the bearing 404 under test. The outer magnetic rotor body 502 is connected to the inner rotating shaft 504 by a flat key. Several second mounting grooves are formed on the inner side of the outer magnetic rotor body 502. An outer magnetic rotor permanent magnet 501 is fixedly connected in the second mounting groove. The outer magnetic rotor permanent magnet 501 is fixed to the outer magnetic rotor body 502 by an interference fit. The rotor permanent magnet 501 is located around the isolation sleeve 209, thus forming a stable and uniform magnetic field distribution when the outer magnetic rotor rotates. The outer magnetic rotor permanent magnet 501 and the outer magnetic rotor body 502 together constitute the outer magnetic rotor structure of the magnetic coupling. Together with the inner magnetic rotor of the magnetic coupling in the high-speed drive assembly 1 and the isolation sleeve 209 in the vacuum environment simulation assembly 2, they form a complete magnetic coupling structure, realizing non-contact magnetic coupling power transmission under vacuum sealing conditions. An optical fiber rotary connector 506 is provided on the side of the outer rotating shaft 505. The rotor part of the optical fiber rotary connector 506 is coaxially fixedly connected to the outer rotating shaft 505 by bolts, and the stator part of the optical fiber rotary connector 506 is fixedly connected to the optical fiber rotary joint bracket 305 by bolts. The optical fiber bundle of the temperature sensor inside the rotor is led out through the hollow channel of the outer rotating shaft 505 and connected to the rotor part of the optical fiber rotary connector 506, realizing stable transmission of optical signals from the rotating end to the stationary end. During installation, the coaxiality of the fiber optic rotary connector 506 and the outer rotating shaft 505 must be ensured to reduce the additional load on the fiber optic cable during rotation and improve the stability of signal transmission and the reliability of device operation. Magnetic coupling power transmission with the high-speed drive end is achieved through the external magnetic rotor structure, and a reliable connection with the inner rotating shaft 504 is achieved through a keyed connection and bolt locking structure. The combination of the hollow rotating shaft and the fiber optic rotary connector 506 enables stable signal extraction from the internal temperature sensor of the rotating body. While achieving power transmission, it also incorporates vacuum sealing adaptation, vibration isolation, rotational temperature measurement signal extraction, and speed monitoring functions, forming a multifunctional rotating shaft connection structure integrating power coupling and status monitoring.

[0034] In a further optimized design, a reflective sticker 507 is affixed to the outer circular surface of the inner rotating shaft 504, which works in conjunction with the photoelectric reflective speed sensor 302. When the shaft rotates, the reflective sticker 507 periodically passes through the detection area of ​​the photoelectric sensor, thereby achieving real-time monitoring of the shaft's rotational speed.

[0035] In a further optimized design, both the inner rotating shaft 504 and the outer rotating shaft 505 are hollow shaft structures. Radial through holes are formed at the step positions of the inner and outer rotating shafts 504 and 505 to guide out the optical fiber bundle. The optical fiber bundle enters the hollow channel inside the rotating shaft through the radial through holes and exits axially. This ensures reliable extraction of sensor signals from inside the rotating body.

[0036] In a further optimized design, bolt holes are provided on the side walls of the inner magnetic rotor body 105 and the outer magnetic rotor body 502, and internal hexagon bolts are threaded into the bolt holes. The internal hexagon bolts on the inner magnetic rotor body 105 abut against the output shaft of the high-speed motor 102, and the internal hexagon bolts on the outer magnetic rotor body 502 abut against the inner rotating shaft 504.

[0037] The temperature testing device for magnetic levitation bearings used in vehicle flywheel batteries described in this invention is a comprehensive testing system integrating high-speed drive, magnetic coupling transmission, multi-point temperature measurement, and data processing and analysis. Its working principle is not a simple combination of individual units, but rather achieves synchronous testing and characterization of the temperature field of the magnetic levitation bearing through the coordinated operation of the mechanical transmission chain and the data acquisition chain. The overall system workflow is as follows: Users set core test parameters, including target rotational speed, ambient vacuum level, ambient temperature, and data sampling frequency, through the host computer monitoring software. These parameters are then transmitted to the signal acquisition and processing system, providing a unified operating benchmark for subsequent tests.

[0038] The vacuum pumping system is activated to evacuate the test chamber until the preset vacuum level is reached and the pressure is kept stable, providing controllable convective heat transfer boundary conditions for temperature field testing.

[0039] Control commands are sent to the high-speed drive motor, which drives the inner rotor of the magnetic coupling to rotate. Through the isolation sleeve 209, magnetic field coupling transmission is achieved, and the torque is transmitted non-contactly to the outer rotor of the magnetic coupling. This drives the rotor of the shaft connection unit and the rotor of the bearing under test 404 to rotate synchronously, thereby establishing a stable high-speed operating condition.

[0040] Whether to conduct thermal boundary disturbance testing depends on the experimental requirements. When disturbance is applied, one or more of the following methods can be used to change the thermal boundary conditions: adjusting the cavity vacuum level to change the gas convection heat transfer capacity; activating the auxiliary heating module to simulate the heat generated by other components to examine its impact on the bearing; implementing step or programmed temperature rise heating to form a controllable transient thermal excitation. Simultaneously with the change in thermal boundary conditions, the system synchronously initiates high-frequency temperature data acquisition to record the temperature at each measuring point in real time, thereby obtaining the transient temperature response process and dynamic thermal characteristics of the magnetic levitation bearing under disturbance conditions.

[0041] When no external thermal disturbance is applied, or when the system reaches thermal equilibrium again after a disturbance, the steady-state temperature test phase begins. The system synchronously collects data at each temperature measuring point, recording the temperature distribution data under stable operating conditions, which is used to analyze the steady-state thermal field characteristics and temperature rise level inside the bearing.

[0042] Under stable rotor operation conditions, temperature sensors located at key locations in the magnetic levitation bearing measure the temperature of the stator winding 4043, yoke, magnetic poles, and rotor in real time; speed sensors synchronously acquire speed signals. The output signals of each sensor are transmitted to the signal acquisition unit via electrical connections, enabling the synchronous acquisition of temperature and operating parameters at multiple measurement points.

[0043] The signal acquisition unit performs unified time-base sampling on the output signals of the temperature sensor and speed sensor, and transmits them to the signal processing unit for synchronous processing and storage. By analyzing the acquired data, the temperature distribution characteristics and temperature rise variation law of the magnetic levitation bearing under high-speed operating conditions can be obtained, thus completing a complete temperature test process.

[0044] During data acquisition, signals from various temperature measuring points, rotational speed, vacuum level, and the control status of the auxiliary thermal control module 208 are all collected uniformly through a synchronous data acquisition system and time-stamped using a unified time base to ensure strict alignment of all physical quantities on the time axis. Based on this, the collected steady-state and transient temperature data are processed and analyzed to extract temperature rise curves, time response characteristics, and temperature distribution patterns, thereby obtaining the thermal characteristic parameters of the tested magnetic levitation bearing and providing a basis for model verification and performance evaluation.

[0045] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing this invention, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this invention.

[0046] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the implementation of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively describe all embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A temperature testing device for a magnetic levitation bearing used in a vehicle-mounted flywheel battery, characterized in that: include A basic platform, which is a cuboid structure, has several parallel strip grooves on its top surface. A high-speed drive assembly (1) is detachably connected to the base platform via a strip groove. Vacuum environment simulation component (2), the vacuum environment simulation component (2) is detachably connected to the base platform through a strip groove, the vacuum environment simulation component (2) is located on the side of the high speed drive component (1); an isolation sleeve (209) is provided on the side of the vacuum environment simulation component (2), the high speed drive component (1) is located outside the vacuum environment simulation component (2) and is correspondingly provided with the isolation sleeve (209); A magnetic levitation bearing fixing assembly (4) is located inside the vacuum environment simulation assembly (2). A bearing to be tested (404) is installed inside the magnetic levitation bearing fixing assembly (4). A temperature sensor is installed inside the bearing to be tested (404). The protective device assembly (3) is located inside the vacuum environment simulation assembly (2) and on both sides of the bearing to be tested (404); A rotating shaft connection assembly (5) is located between the protection device assembly (3) and the isolation sleeve (209). One end of the rotating shaft connection assembly (5) is fixedly connected to the rotor of the bearing to be tested (404).

2. The temperature testing device for magnetic levitation bearings used in vehicle-mounted flywheel batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The high-speed drive assembly (1) includes a motor base (101) located on the base platform. The motor base (101) is detachably connected to the base platform through a strip groove. A high-speed motor (102) is fixedly connected to the motor base (101) by bolts. An inner magnetic rotor body (105) is coaxially arranged at the end of the output shaft of the high-speed motor (102). The inner magnetic rotor body (105) is connected to the output shaft of the high-speed motor (102) by a flat key. Several first mounting slots are opened on the periphery of the inner magnetic rotor body (105). An inner magnetic rotor permanent magnet (104) is fixedly installed in the first mounting slot. The inner magnetic rotor body (105) and the inner magnetic rotor permanent magnet (104) are located in the isolation sleeve (209).

3. The temperature testing device for magnetic levitation bearings used in vehicle-mounted flywheel batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The vacuum environment simulation component (2) includes a vacuum hood base (205) detachably connected to the top surface of the base platform. An auxiliary thermal control module (208) is fixedly connected to the vacuum hood base (205). A vacuum hood cover (201) is installed on the top surface of the vacuum hood base (205). The vacuum hood cover (201) and the vacuum hood base (205) cooperate to form a sealed cavity. Several connecting and fixing structures (206) are provided between the vacuum hood cover (201) and the vacuum hood base (205). The vacuum hood cover (201) is transparent. The vacuum cover (201) is provided with an infrared transmission window corresponding to the temperature measurement position. A vacuum pump connector (202), a vacuum gauge (203), and a thermometer (204) are installed on the top of the vacuum cover (201). An electrical signal integrated interface (207) is installed on the side wall of the vacuum cover (201). One end of the isolation sleeve (209) penetrates the side wall of the vacuum cover (201) and is located inside the vacuum cover (201). The other end of the isolation sleeve (209) is flush with the side wall of the vacuum cover (201) and communicates with the outside.

4. The temperature testing device for magnetic levitation bearings used in vehicle-mounted flywheel batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The magnetic levitation bearing fixing assembly (4) includes a fixed base (401) fixedly connected to the vacuum cover base (205). A plurality of pressure rods (402) are fixedly connected to the top surface of the fixed base (401). An upper pressure block (405) and a lower support block (403) are arranged in parallel above the fixed base (401). The upper pressure block (405) and the lower support block (403) move up and down along the pressure rods (402). The pressure rods (402) pass through the upper pressure block (405) and the lower support block (403). V-shaped grooves are respectively opened on the bottom surface of the upper pressure block (405) and the top surface of the lower support block (403). The bearing to be tested (404) is located in the V-shaped groove. Rotary nuts are respectively provided on the top surface of the pressure rods (402), the upper pressure block (405), and the bottom surface of the lower support block (403).

5. The temperature testing device for magnetic levitation bearings used in vehicle-mounted flywheel batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The protection device assembly (3) includes two bearing support seats (301) fixedly connected to the vacuum chamber base (205). A protective bearing (303) is installed inside the bearing support seat (301). A bearing end cap (304) is fixedly connected to the bearing support seat (301). The bearing end cap (304) is located on one side of the protective bearing (303). A photoelectric reflective speed sensor (302) is installed on the bearing support seat (301) near the isolation sleeve (209). The photoelectric reflective speed sensor (302) is correspondingly arranged with the rotating shaft connection assembly (5). A fiber optic rotary connector bracket (305) is fixedly connected to one side of the other bearing support seat (301).

6. The temperature testing device for magnetic levitation bearings used in vehicle-mounted flywheel batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that: The rotating shaft connection assembly (5) includes an inner rotating shaft (504) and an outer rotating shaft (505) arranged coaxially. The inner end faces of the inner rotating shaft (504) and the outer rotating shaft (505) are respectively provided with internal threads. The inner rotating shaft (504) and the outer rotating shaft (505) are respectively connected to the rotor threads of the bearing to be tested (404) through their internal threads. An outer magnetic rotor body (502) is provided at the end of the inner rotating shaft (504) away from the bearing to be tested (404). The outer magnetic rotor body (502) is connected to the inner rotating shaft (504) through a flat key. The outer magnetic rotor body (502) has several second mounting slots on its inner side. The outer magnetic rotor permanent magnet (501) is fixedly connected in the second mounting slot. The outer magnetic rotor permanent magnet (501) is located on the periphery of the isolation sleeve (209). The outer rotating shaft (505) is provided with an optical fiber rotating connector (506) on its side. The rotor part of the optical fiber rotating connector (506) is fixedly connected to the outer rotating shaft (505) coaxially by bolts. The stator part of the optical fiber rotating connector (506) is fixedly connected to the optical fiber rotating connector bracket (305) by bolts.

7. The temperature testing device for magnetic levitation bearings used in vehicle-mounted flywheel batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: Both the inner rotating shaft (504) and the outer rotating shaft (505) are hollow shaft structures. Radial through holes for leading out optical fiber bundles are opened at the rotating shaft step positions of the inner rotating shaft (504) and the outer rotating shaft (505).

8. The temperature testing device for magnetic levitation bearings used in vehicle-mounted flywheel batteries according to claim 6, characterized in that: Bolt holes are provided on the side walls of the inner magnetic rotor body (105) and the outer magnetic rotor body (502), and internal hexagonal bolts are connected to the internal threads of the bolt holes. The internal hexagonal bolts located in the inner magnetic rotor body (105) abut against the output shaft of the high-speed motor (102), and the internal hexagonal bolts located in the outer magnetic rotor body (502) abut against the inner rotating shaft (504).

Images