Dynamic impact test device and method for integral movement of one-dimensional discrete block rock mass

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of rock mechanics and engineering, and provides a dynamic impact test device and method for one-dimensional discrete block system rock mass overall motion, and the technical scheme is as follows: an axial pressure loading device is arranged on one side of a device body and is used for applying an axial load to a rock mass model; the power loading device is arranged on the other side of the device body and comprises an electric vibration exciter, a force sensor and a loading rod which are symmetrically mounted on the reaction frame, and the electric vibration exciter is in contact with the rock mass model through the loading rod and is used for applying a horizontal impact load or a combination of the horizontal impact load and an impact moment to act on the rock mass model; and the data acquisition system and the acceleration sensor are arranged on the rock mass model, the force sensor is arranged on the loading rod, and based on the strain measurement analysis module, the overall translation and rotation measurement dynamic impact test result of the one-dimensional discrete block rock mass under different load application conditions is obtained. And the real dynamic behavior of the rock mass is comprehensively reflected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rock mechanics and engineering technology, and particularly relates to a dynamic impact test device and method for the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass. Background Technology

[0002] The statements in this section are merely background information related to the present invention and do not necessarily constitute prior art.

[0003] As a natural geological body, rock mass is usually not a complete continuous medium, but rather is dissected by weak structural layers (referred to as weak layers) such as faults, joints, fissures, and their infill materials, forming discrete block rock masses with complex hierarchical structures. The presence of these weak layers causes significant non-uniformity in the deformation of the rock mass under static or dynamic loads: deformation is mainly concentrated near the mechanically weak layers, while the deformation of the relatively intact rock blocks themselves is smaller. This deformation mechanism provides geological and mechanical possibilities for the overall translation and rotation of rock blocks on a macroscopic scale, and can thereby induce unique nonlinear wave phenomena in deep rock masses, such as pendulum waves and rotational waves.

[0004] Pendulum waves are nonlinear displacement waves generated by the overall movement of large-scale rock masses. Compared with traditional continuous medium stress waves, pendulum waves typically exhibit characteristics such as low frequency, low velocity, large displacement amplitude, and high kinetic energy. These waves can carry enormous kinetic energy and easily induce violent dynamic responses in deep rock masses during propagation, making them a significant potential mechanism for rock mass dynamic disasters such as rockbursts and engineering earthquakes. These disasters, triggered by the overall movement of rock masses, involve the overall instability of underground structures, and their mechanisms cannot be fully explained by traditional continuous medium mechanics theories based on infinitesimal deformation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new experimental devices and methods to deeply explore the dynamic characteristics and discontinuous deformation behavior of discrete block rock masses.

[0005] Field observations and studies have provided direct evidence for the discontinuous motion of rock masses. Scholars have discovered through field experiments that rock masses exhibit a "variable sign displacement response" phenomenon under dynamic impact, and observed significant angular deformation, indicating that rock blocks not only undergo translational motion but also considerable rotation. Current technology indicates that rock masses undergo rotational motion, including translational motion, under a state of mutual compaction during explosions. In the classical continuum mechanics framework, the rotational motion of rock masses is often neglected, yet it has a significant impact on the dynamic deformation and stress wave propagation of discrete rock masses, and its importance cannot be ignored in theory, experiment, and engineering. At the experimental research level, many scholars have studied pendulum wave propagation and dynamic deformation in one-dimensional discrete block rock masses through model tests. However, most existing experimental devices have significant limitations and fail to fully reflect the true dynamic behavior of rock masses: First, they generally do not consider the rotational degree of freedom of rock blocks around their center of mass, making it impossible to achieve coupled translational and rotational motion measurements; second, they lack effective mechanisms to simulate the initial geostress (static confining pressure) environment of underground rock masses; third, they cannot apply controllable torques to block rock masses to study the dynamic response under torque. In addition, existing equipment usually struggles to reproduce irreversible displacement phenomena such as crack opening at rock block contact interfaces after strong dynamic disturbances. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address at least one of the technical problems in the background art, the first aspect of the present invention provides a dynamic impact test device for the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass. This device can effectively simulate the structural characteristics, geostress, rotational waves, and multi-factor coupling effects of the rock mass, and obtain dynamic impact test results of the overall translational and rotational motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass under different load conditions. This is of great significance for studying the dynamic characteristics of deep rock masses, exploring the overall stability of rock masses, and ensuring the safety of engineering structures.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: An experimental device for measuring the dynamic characteristics and rotation of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass includes a device body, which comprises a rigid frame and a reaction frame; multiple central shafts are fixed between the rigid frames, and a gap is formed between each pair of central shafts to accommodate the rock mass model; the rolling shaft is fixedly connected to the rock mass model and slides relative to the central shaft. An axial compression loading device is disposed on one side of the device body and is used to apply axial load to the rock mass model; A dynamic loading device is located on the other side of the device body and includes an electric vibrator, a force sensor and a loading rod symmetrically mounted on the reaction frame. The electric vibrator contacts the rock mass model through the loading rod and is used to apply a horizontal impact load or a combination of a horizontal impact load and an impact torque to the rock mass model. The data acquisition system includes an acceleration sensor, a force sensor, and a strain measurement and analysis module. The acceleration sensor is mounted on the rock mass model, and the force sensor is mounted on the loading rod. Based on the acquired acceleration and force sensor data, the dynamic impact test results of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass under different load conditions are obtained.

[0008] In one embodiment, the rock mass model includes multiple rock samples of equal size and weak structural layers, with filler material placed between adjacent rock samples to simulate the weak structural layers in the rock mass.

[0009] In one embodiment, a through-hole is drilled in the center of the rock sample. The diameter of the through-hole is larger than the diameter of the rolling shaft. The rolling shaft is placed in the center of the through-hole and fixed to the rock sample.

[0010] In one embodiment, the axial pressure loading device includes a loading hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic servo control system, and a loading plate. One end of the loading hydraulic cylinder is fixed to the rigid frame, and the other end is fixed to the loading plate. The loading hydraulic cylinder contacts the rock mass model through the loading plate. The loading hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic servo control system are connected and used to apply axial pressure to the rock mass model to simulate ground stress.

[0011] In one embodiment, the power loading device further includes a first slide rail disposed on the reaction frame, the first slide rail being slidably connected to the reaction frame for adjusting the operating position of the electric vibrator.

[0012] In one embodiment, the axial compression loading device further includes a second slide rail disposed on a rigid frame. The second slide rail and the rigid frame are slidably connected, and the movement of the second slide rail in the vertical direction is used to adapt to different loading positions of the loading hydraulic cylinder on the rock mass model.

[0013] In one implementation, the electric vibrator can be controlled independently or synchronously. When controlled independently, it provides a controllable horizontal impact load and impact torque to the rock mass model. When controlled synchronously, it provides a horizontal impact load without bias to the rock mass model.

[0014] In one embodiment, the rigid frame has openings on its side, through which the loading rod passes and contacts the rock mass model.

[0015] To address the aforementioned issues, a second aspect of this invention provides a dynamic impact test method for the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass. This method can effectively simulate the structural characteristics, geostress, rotational waves, and multi-factor coupling effects of the rock mass, which is of great significance for studying the dynamic characteristics of deep rock masses, exploring the overall stability of rock masses, and ensuring the safety of engineering structures.

[0016] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: A dynamic impact test method for the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass, based on the aforementioned dynamic impact test apparatus for the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass, is characterized by comprising the following steps: S1: Prepare standard-sized rock samples, drill a channel in the center of the rock sample and fix the rolling shaft in the center of the channel; S2: Select a groove according to the size of the test rock sample, install the lower central shaft, place the rock block with the fixed rolling shaft and the weak structural layer on the lower central shaft, then install and fix the upper central shaft to form a rock mass model; S3: Deploy a data acquisition system for collecting data; S4: Adjust the axial load loading device and the power load loading device to the predetermined positions, and apply the axial load step by step through the axial load loading device; S5: Apply a predetermined impact load or a combination of horizontal impact load and impact torque through the dynamic loading device, while simultaneously measuring and recording the dynamic response of the rock mass model using the data acquisition system.

[0017] In one implementation, in S4, the axial compression loading device includes two symmetrically installed loading hydraulic cylinders, which are uniformly controlled by a hydraulic servo control system. The loading hydraulic cylinders provide reaction force through a rigid frame, and their positions can be moved vertically through a second slide rail to adapt to different loading positions. The sides of the loading hydraulic cylinders contact the rock mass model through a loading plate, thereby applying axial pressure to simulate ground stress.

[0018] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The experimental device of this invention achieves the coupling effect of pendulum waves and rotational waves by setting a smooth rolling shaft, that is, the coupling of the overall translational displacement and rotation of rock blocks in the rock mass; at the same time, it realizes the simulation of irreversible displacement and rotation in the blocky rock mass without applying initial geostress, and can realize dynamic and static combined loading. It can not only apply stable axial stress to the blocky rock mass model to simulate geostress, but also apply stable, amplitude-controllable impact loads with diverse impact waveforms to simulate the propagation of rotational waves in the rock mass; it can not only accurately measure the rotation of rock blocks, but also intuitively observe and understand the rotational waves, and comprehensively reflect the real dynamic behavior of the rock mass.

[0019] The experimental device of this invention uses an electric vibrator for single or synchronous loading. The electric vibrator can apply a stable and controllable axial impact load during synchronous loading, and can also apply an additional bending moment during single loading, which is of great significance for the study of the propagation and evolution of rotating waves.

[0020] The experimental device of this invention, with its special design featuring multiple grooves on the side of the workbench, can meet the testing requirements of rock masses of different sizes, and the side dimensions and length of the rock mass can be adjusted.

[0021] The experimental device of this invention measures the deformation, overall displacement and rotation of blocky rock masses based on digital image correlation technology. It can intelligently divide the deformation area of ​​the blocky rock mass and determine the overall displacement and rotation of the rock blocks.

[0022] Advantages of additional aspects of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0023] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments of the invention and their descriptions are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the invention.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a front view of the dynamic impact test device for the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a side view of the dynamic impact test device for the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the dynamic impact test method for the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass provided in an embodiment of the present invention; The components include: 1. Central shaft; 2. Rock mass model; 3. Rolling shaft; 4. Loading hydraulic cylinder; 5. Hydraulic servo control system; 6. Loading plate; 7. Rigid frame; 8. Electric vibrator; 9. Reaction frame; 10. First slide rail; 11. Second slide rail; 12. Loading rod; 13. Force sensor; 14. Accelerometer; 15. Strain measurement and analysis module; and 16. Opening. Detailed Implementation

[0025] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0026] It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.

[0027] It should be noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the scope of exemplary embodiments according to the invention. As used herein, the singular form is intended to include the plural form as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, it should be understood that when the terms "comprising" and / or "including" are used in this specification, they indicate the presence of features, steps, operations, devices, components, and / or combinations thereof.

[0028] In this invention, terms such as "upper," "lower," "vertical," "horizontal," "side," and "bottom" indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are merely relational terms determined for the convenience of describing the structural relationship of the various components or elements of this invention, and do not specifically refer to any component or element in this invention, nor should they be construed as limiting this invention.

[0029] In this invention, terms such as "fixed connection," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly, indicating a fixed connection, an integral connection, or a detachable connection; a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can determine the specific meaning of these terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances, and they should not be construed as limitations on the invention.

[0030] Figure 1 A dynamic impact test apparatus for measuring the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass is shown, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a device body, which includes a rigid frame 7 and a reaction frame 9; multiple central shafts 1 are fixed between the rigid frames 7, and a gap is formed between each pair of central shafts 1 to accommodate the rock mass model 2; the rolling shaft 3 is fixedly connected to the rock mass model 2 and slides relative to the central shafts 1. For example, four central shafts 1 are provided, and four grooves are designed on each side of the rigid frame 7 for mounting the steel central shafts. Only two grooves are used in each test, and the distance between the two grooves is the size of the rock sample. Therefore, three sizes of rock samples can be provided for testing. Two central shafts can be installed and fixed in each groove, and the gap between the two central shafts is greater than the diameter of the steel rolling shaft 3.

[0031] An axial load loading device is installed on one side of the device body and is used to apply axial load to the rock mass model 2. The axial load loading device includes a loading hydraulic cylinder 4, a hydraulic servo control system 5, and a loading plate 6. One end of the loading hydraulic cylinder 4 is fixed to the rigid frame 7, and the other end is fixed to the loading plate 6. The rigid frame acts as a reaction frame and contacts the rock mass model 2 through the loading plate 6. The loading hydraulic cylinder 4 and the hydraulic servo control system 5 are connected and are used to apply axial pressure to the rock mass model 2 to simulate ground stress.

[0032] The loading hydraulic cylinder 4 adopts a servo control system 5, which can realize programmable control, graded gradient control and synchronous loading and unloading, ensuring that the axial pressure applied to the rock mass is uniform and without bias.

[0033] Specifically, the servo control system 5 can adjust the loading rate. For example, if the target static load is 4 MPa, and the loading rate is 0.02 MPa per second, then the target static load of 4 MPa can be reached in 200 seconds. If the rock block is relatively large, using a single loading hydraulic cylinder may lead to uneven stress distribution, meaning high stress near the loading rod and low stress further away. Therefore, two hydraulic cylinders are designed here, using a single control parameter for loading to achieve uniform loading.

[0034] As a further implementation, a second slide rail 11 is provided on the rigid frame. The second slide rail 11 is fixed to the inner side of the rigid frame 7, and one end of the loading hydraulic cylinder 4 is slidably fixed to the second slide rail 11. The position of the loading hydraulic cylinder 4 can be adjusted in the vertical direction to adapt to various loading positions. When the axial compression loading device is not working, sufficient space is reserved on the right side of the block rock mass model 2 and the left side of the axial compression loading device, which can simulate irreversible displacement and rotation in the block rock mass, and allow for very intuitive observation and understanding of rotational waves.

[0035] The power loading device is located on the other side of the device body and includes an electric vibrator 8, a force sensor 13 and a loading rod 12 symmetrically installed on the reaction frame 9. The electric vibrator 8 contacts the rock mass model 2 through the loading rod 12 and is used to apply a horizontal impact load or a combination of a horizontal impact load and an impact torque to the rock mass model 2. Taking two electrically driven vibrators symmetrically arranged vertically on the side of the rock mass as an example, a dual-control system is used for joint control, which can control the loading of a single device or the simultaneous loading of both devices. Both electrically driven vibrators are mounted and fixed on the reaction frame using the first slide rail 10, and the operating position of the vibrators can be adjusted according to the test requirements and changes in the rock mass dimensions. When the two electrically driven vibrators are loaded simultaneously, they can provide a stable, unbiased horizontal impact load to the blocky rock mass; when a single electrically driven vibrator is used for loading, it can provide a stable and controllable horizontal impact load and impact torque to the rock mass model.

[0036] An electric vibrator applies impact loads to the block rock mass model via a loading rod 12; an opening 16 is provided on the side of the rigid frame 7, through which the loading rod 12 passes and contacts the rock mass model 2.

[0037] In this embodiment, the rock mass model 2 includes multiple rock samples of equal size and weak structural layers. Fillers such as rubber pads and plaster are placed between adjacent rock samples to simulate the weak structural layers in the rock mass.

[0038] The rock mass model 2 is shaped like a cube. A through hole is drilled in the center of the rock sample. The diameter of the hole is larger than the diameter of the rolling shaft 3. The specific size is set according to the scene. For example, the diameter of the hole is 1 mm larger than the diameter of the rolling shaft. The rolling shaft 3 is placed in the center of the hole and fixed to the rock sample.

[0039] As a further implementation, the rolling shaft is placed centrally in the channel and fixed with high-strength binder to ensure no relative deformation occurs between the rock block and the rolling shaft. The weak structural layer can be made of rubber, foam plastic, soft rock, colloids, and other filling materials, the purpose of which is to simulate weak structural layers such as faults, joints, cracks, fissures, and their infill in the rock mass. The dimensions of the rock mass model can be determined based on the dimensions of the grooves on the side of the worktable used.

[0040] The data acquisition system includes an accelerometer 14, a force sensor 13, and a strain measurement and analysis module 15, as well as a mobile data acquisition box and a mobile laptop. It also integrates multiple control and acquisition systems, such as hydraulic cylinder servo control, electric vibrator control, and force sensor acquisition. After improvement, the strain measurement and analysis module 15 can intelligently divide the image into regions, accurately acquire the deformation of the rock mass sample and the displacement and rotation of individual rock blocks, and perform precise analysis on engineering software.

[0041] like Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment provides a dynamic impact test method for the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass, based on the dynamic impact test device for the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass in Embodiment 1, specifically including the following steps: S1: Prepare standard-sized rock samples, drill a channel in the center of the rock sample and fix the rolling shaft 3 in the center of the channel; Specifically, when preparing standard-sized rock samples, intact rocks or rocks with natural fissures from the engineering site are cut according to the test requirements to obtain rock samples of the required standard size. A channel is drilled in the center of the rock block, and a high-strength cement is used to fix the rolling shaft in the center of the channel.

[0042] S2: Select the groove according to the test size, install the lower central shaft 1, place the rock block with the rolling shaft 3 and the weak structural layer on the lower central shaft 1, then install and fix the upper central shaft 1 to form the rock mass model 2. Specifically, when selecting the groove according to the test size, after selecting two grooves according to the size of the test rock mass, a central shaft 1 is fixed to the lower part of the two grooves by bolts. After the rock block with the rolling shaft 3 is installed, the upper central shaft 1 is installed. The rock blocks with rolling shafts are placed one by one on the lower central shaft 1, and various types of weak structural layers are placed between adjacent rock blocks according to the requirements; after the block rock mass model 2 is placed, the remaining upper central shaft is installed and fixed with bolts to form a slide rail for stable movement of the rolling shaft.

[0043] S3: Deploy a data acquisition system for collecting data; According to the experimental design, various sensors and measurement systems are set up as required, including an acceleration sensor 14, a force sensor 13 and a strain measurement and analysis module 15. The acceleration sensor 14 is set on the rock mass model 2 and the force sensor 13 is set on the loading rod 12. S4: Adjust the axial load loading device and the power load loading device to the predetermined positions, and apply the axial load step by step through the axial load loading device; An axial pressure loading device is installed inside the right side of the workbench; two loading hydraulic cylinders 4 are symmetrically installed and uniformly controlled by a hydraulic servo control system 5; the loading hydraulic cylinder 4 provides reaction force through a rigid frame 7, and its position can be moved vertically through the second slide rail 11 to adapt to different loading positions; the left side of the loading hydraulic cylinder 4 contacts the rock mass model 2 through the loading plate 6, thereby applying axial pressure to simulate ground stress.

[0044] S5: Apply a predetermined impact load or a combination of horizontal impact load and impact torque through a dynamic loading device, while simultaneously measuring and recording the dynamic response of rock mass model 2 using a data acquisition system.

[0045] A power loading device is installed on the high-strength reaction frame 9 on the left side of the workbench. Two electric vibrators 8 are symmetrically installed on the high-strength reaction frame 9, and are loaded individually or synchronously by two control systems. The high-strength reaction frame 9 is equipped with a first slide rail 10, which can dynamically adjust the loading position according to the test requirements and changes in the size of the rock mass. The loading rod 12 is stably placed in the opening of the workbench, with its left side bearing the impact of the electric vibrator 8 and its right side in contact with the rock mass, thus providing a stable and controllable impact load to the rock mass. A force sensor 13 is preset in the loading rod 12 to measure the actual force applied to the rock mass.

[0046] S6: Stop all measurement systems and gradually and steadily unload the axial pressure; shut down the testing machine and remove the rock mass sample.

[0047] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dynamic impact test device for the overall movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass, characterized in that, The device includes a main body, which includes a rigid frame (7) and a reaction frame (9); multiple central shafts (1) are fixed between the rigid frames (7), and a gap is formed between each pair of central shafts (1) to accommodate the rock mass model (2); the rolling shaft (3) is fixedly connected to the rock mass model (2) and slides relative to the central shaft (1); An axial compression loading device is disposed on one side of the device body and is used to apply an axial load to the rock mass model (2); The power loading device is located on the other side of the device body and includes an electric vibrator (8), a force sensor (13) and a loading rod (12) symmetrically installed on the reaction frame (9). The electric vibrator (8) contacts the rock mass model (2) through the loading rod (12) and is used to apply a horizontal impact load or a combination of a horizontal impact load and an impact torque to the rock mass model (2). The data acquisition system includes an acceleration sensor (14), a force sensor (13), and a strain measurement and analysis module (15). The acceleration sensor (14) is set on the rock mass model (2), and the force sensor (13) is set on the loading rod (12). Based on the collected acceleration and force sensing data, the dynamic impact test results of one-dimensional discrete block rock mass under different load conditions are obtained.

2. The dynamic impact test device for the overall movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rock mass model (2) includes multiple rock samples of equal size and weak structural layers, with fillers placed between adjacent rock samples to simulate the weak structural layers in the rock mass.

3. The dynamic impact test device for the overall movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass as described in claim 2, characterized in that, A through hole is drilled in the center of the rock sample. The diameter of the hole is larger than the diameter of the rolling shaft (3). The rolling shaft (3) is placed in the center of the hole and fixed to the rock sample.

4. The dynamic impact test device for the overall movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The axial pressure loading device includes a loading hydraulic cylinder (4), a hydraulic servo control system (5), and a loading plate (6). One end of the loading hydraulic cylinder (4) is fixed to the rigid frame (7), and the other end is fixed to the loading plate (6). The loading hydraulic cylinder (4) contacts the rock mass model (2) through the loading plate (6). The loading hydraulic cylinder (4) and the hydraulic servo control system (5) are connected to apply axial pressure to the rock mass model (2) to simulate ground stress.

5. The dynamic impact test device for the overall movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The power loading device also includes a first slide rail (10) disposed on the reaction frame (9), the first slide rail (10) and the reaction frame (9) being slidably connected for adjusting the working position of the electric vibrator (8).

6. The dynamic impact test device for the overall movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The axial compression loading device also includes a second slide rail (11) mounted on a rigid frame. The second slide rail and the rigid frame are slidably connected. The second slide rail (11) is used to adapt to different loading positions of the loading hydraulic cylinder (4) on the rock mass model (2) by moving in the vertical direction.

7. The dynamic impact test device for the overall movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electric vibrator (8) can be controlled independently or synchronously. When controlled independently, it provides a controllable horizontal impact load and impact torque to the rock mass model. When controlled synchronously, it provides a horizontal impact load without bias to the rock mass model.

8. The dynamic impact test device for the overall movement of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rigid frame (7) has an opening (15) on its side, through which the loading rod (12) passes and contacts the rock mass model (2).

9. A dynamic impact test method for the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass, based on the dynamic impact test apparatus for the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass as described in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Prepare a standard-sized rock sample, drill a channel in the center of the rock sample and fix the rolling shaft (3) in the center of the channel; S2: Select the groove according to the test size, install the lower central shaft (1), place the rock block with the rolling shaft (3) and the weak structural layer on the lower central shaft (1), then install the upper central shaft (1) and fix it to form a rock mass model (2). S3: Deploy a data acquisition system for collecting data; S4: Adjust the axial load loading device and the power load loading device to the predetermined positions, and apply the axial load step by step through the axial load loading device; S5: Apply a predetermined impact load or a combination of horizontal impact load and impact torque through the dynamic loading device, and at the same time use the data acquisition system to measure and record the dynamic response of the rock mass model (2).

10. The dynamic impact test method for the overall motion of a one-dimensional discrete block rock mass as described in claim 9, characterized in that, In S4, the axial pressure loading device includes two symmetrically installed loading hydraulic cylinders (4) and is uniformly controlled by a hydraulic servo control system (5); the loading hydraulic cylinder (4) provides reaction force through a rigid frame (7), and its position can be moved vertically through the second slide rail (11) to adapt to different loading positions; the side of the loading hydraulic cylinder (4) contacts the rock mass model (2) through the loading plate (6), thereby applying axial pressure to simulate ground stress.

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