Node instrument monitoring method and system and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of resource exploration, and provides a node instrument monitoring method which comprises the following steps: acquiring position information of node stations and signal quality information between the node stations in real time, and performing comprehensive link scoring; selecting a first transmission path based on the comprehensive link score, and dynamically constructing a monitoring group consisting of a plurality of node stations; constructing a decentralized multi-hop second transmission path between the different monitoring groups; the instruction of the control terminal and the monitoring data of the plurality of node station bodies are subjected to two-stage transmission through the first transmission path and the second transmission path. On the basis of ensuring low cost, low power consumption and usability of the node instrument, real-time return and abnormal early warning of the working state and seismic data of the node instrument are realized, the quality of oil-gas exploration data is ensured, and the requirement of larger-scale seismic exploration operation in a complex earth surface area is met. The monitoring system provided by the invention has corresponding advantages.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of resource exploration technology, specifically relating to a method, system, and corresponding electronic equipment for a nodal seismic exploration instrument. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, as my country's onshore oil and gas exploration expands into complex geological structures, deep and ultra-deep formations, and unconventional areas, higher demands are being placed on the accuracy and efficiency of exploration technologies. Seismic exploration is an important method for oil and gas exploration, and seismic instruments are key equipment for implementing these methods. Commonly used seismic instruments in the industry include wired seismic exploration instruments (hereinafter referred to as wired instruments) and nodal seismic exploration instruments (hereinafter referred to as nodal instruments). Among them, wired instruments, due to limitations in adaptability to complex terrain, high power consumption, and troubleshooting efficiency, are unable to meet the demands of modern high-density, high-efficiency seismic exploration. Currently, nodal seismic exploration instruments have gradually replaced wired instruments as the mainstream for oil and gas resource exploration, significantly improving adaptability and operational efficiency in complex terrains such as mountains and deserts due to their cable-free advantage.

[0003] While nodal instruments offer numerous advantages, they still suffer from several technical shortcomings during field exploration operations: First, the operational status of nodals (including key parameters such as power consumption, storage capacity, and clock synchronization) cannot be monitored in real time, making it difficult to detect faults promptly. Second, the quality of seismic data acquisition lacks on-site assessment methods; quality control can only be conducted after the nodal instrument is retrieved, and rework and re-acquisition are often necessary if signal anomalies are detected. Furthermore, in complex terrain or large-scale operations, nodal fault location is difficult, severely impacting construction efficiency. These disadvantages not only increase operational risks and management complexity but also potentially affect the integrity and reliability of exploration data. To address these issues, among the better existing technologies, manufacturers have launched nodal instruments based on commercial 4G / 5G communication networks for real-time transmission, enabling real-time viewing of nodal status and seismic data.

[0004] Due to limitations in existing technologies, node instrument monitoring still faces the following major problems: real-time solutions relying on 4G / 5G public networks are limited by signal coverage in the field, and the surge in node power consumption in real-time transmission mode leads to short battery life and high deployment costs; while existing autonomous networking technologies lack topology designs adapted to exploration scenarios, and are prone to link instability and coverage gaps when deploying large-scale nodes, resulting in the inability to monitor node power, clock synchronization, and location changes in real time, seismic data needs to be retrieved before quality control, anomalies require rework and re-collection, and fault location efficiency is extremely low.

[0005] It is evident that existing technologies cannot avoid the difficulties of high power consumption, high cost, and ease of application, and cannot adequately meet the needs of large-scale, efficient exploration operations. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a nodal instrument monitoring method, system, and corresponding electronic equipment to overcome the "single-point inefficiency" problem of existing nodal instrument monitoring, providing a low-cost, highly reliable solution for ultra-large-scale seismic exploration under complex surface conditions, thereby promoting the in-depth application of resource exploration technologies. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This invention aims to solve all or part of the problems of the prior art. On one hand, this invention proposes a node instrument monitoring method and designs a real-time monitoring network group architecture for node instruments. This provides a stable and reliable oil and gas exploration acquisition device for ultra-large-scale seismic exploration operations in complex surface areas such as deserts and mountains, enabling real-time monitoring and transmission of node working status data and acquired seismic data to ensure the quality of exploration data.

[0007] Another aspect of the present invention provides a node instrument monitoring system, which is used to support the node instrument monitoring method provided by the present invention. It overcomes specific technical difficulties such as the inability to monitor the working status of node instruments (power, storage, clock synchronization, etc.) in real time, the lack of on-site assessment methods for the quality of seismic data acquisition, the difficulty of fault location in complex terrain and large-scale operations, the high power consumption and high cost of existing 4G / 5G real-time transmission solutions, as well as network topology design, multi-node communication conflicts, and low-power, high-reliability full-duplex communication in complex environments.

[0008] The present invention provides a node instrument monitoring method, comprising: acquiring in real time the location information of node stations and the signal quality information between node stations, and performing a comprehensive link score; selecting a first transmission path based on the comprehensive link score, and dynamically constructing a monitoring group composed of multiple node stations; constructing a decentralized multi-hop second transmission path between different monitoring groups; and transmitting the instructions of the control terminal and the monitoring data of the multiple node stations in a two-stage manner via the first transmission path and the second transmission path.

[0009] A comprehensive link scoring system ensures the rationality of dynamic network topology for monitoring groups, while a decentralized multi-hop design enhances the reliability of communication between monitoring groups. A two-tier communication architecture balances the real-time nature of node monitoring with adaptability to complex exploration environments, covering the full-dimensional monitoring data transmission needs of nodes. Low-power, short-range communication technology is used to construct the intra-group network, and decentralized multi-hop communication between monitoring groups is achieved, avoiding the high power consumption and high cost bottlenecks of real-time transmission solutions based on 4G / 5G communication, while ensuring ease of application.

[0010] The method for performing comprehensive link scoring includes: obtaining the satellite positioning coordinates of the current node station and other node stations to obtain the location information; calculating the physical distance to obtain the node distance weight; detecting the measured signal strength between the current node station and the other node stations; using the communication signal strength indicator to characterize the signal quality information; and calculating the link quality weight; calculating the comprehensive link score based on the node distance weight, the link quality weight, and preset parameters; and the method for selecting the first transmission path includes: using the other node station with the highest comprehensive link score as the next hop of the current node station.

[0011] Let the current node station be denoted as i, and the other node stations be denoted as j, and the corresponding satellite positioning coordinates be denoted as (x, y, j). i y i ), (x j y j The method for obtaining link quality weights includes: using RSSI ij The RSSI value representing the measured signal strength is expressed in terms of RSSI. min Indicates the minimum acceptable RSSI value, RSSI max The ideal maximum RSSI value is defined as L; the link quality weight is denoted as L. ij The closer the value is to 1, the better the link quality. , The method for obtaining the node distance weights includes: denoting the physical distance as d. ij ,definition The node distance weight is denoted as D. ij , with d max This represents the maximum communication distance within the monitoring group, defined as follows: The closer the distance, the higher the weight; the weight factor k is the preset parameter used for parameter calculation. The comprehensive link score is given by the formula Calculated.

[0012] The method for constructing the second transmission path includes: calculating the multi-hop path cost and selecting the optimal link according to the link optimization principle; the calculation steps include: defining the formula. The estimated transmission time is calculated, where S packet Indicates the size of the transmitted data packet; R effective denoted by , where represents the effective transmission rate; 'p' represents the packet loss rate during transmission; 'WCETT' represents the multi-hop path cost (lower values ​​are better); 'ETT1' represents the estimated transmission time from the previous node to the current node; 'ETT2' represents the estimated transmission time from the current node to the next node; the formula is defined as follows: The cost of a multi-hop path is calculated; the lower the cost of a multi-hop path, the better the link.

[0013] The node instrument monitoring method includes: the control terminal analyzing and displaying the received monitoring data.

[0014] The execution steps of the node instrument monitoring method include: Step S1. Deploying the node station to the acquisition point and starting the power supply; Step S2. Selecting the first transmission path to construct a low-power short-range wireless mesh network, forming multiple monitoring groups, and deploying a control and communication center within the monitoring group; Step S3. Constructing the second transmission path to obtain a cross-group high-speed long-distance communication link between the control and communication centers of different monitoring groups within each measurement line; Step S4. The control terminal sends a data retrieval command to the control and communication center via the second transmission path; Step S5. The control and communication center receiving the data retrieval command forwards the data retrieval command to the control and communication centers of other monitoring groups via the second transmission path; Step S6. The received data retrieval command is forwarded to the node station within the monitoring group via the first transmission path; Step S7. The node station receiving the data retrieval command uploads the monitoring data via the first transmission path to the control and communication center of its monitoring group, and the control and communication center sends it to the control terminal via the second transmission path.

[0015] The monitoring data includes node status data, earthquake data, and early warning data; the node instrument monitoring method includes: the multiple node stations collecting abnormal node status information, generating the early warning data, and forwarding it to the control terminal in real time via the first transmission path and the second transmission path.

[0016] The execution steps of the node instrument monitoring method include: detecting an anomaly, collecting abnormal status information and abnormal data to generate the early warning data; uploading the early warning data via the first transmission path; forwarding the early warning data to the control terminal in real time via the second transmission path; and providing a prompt on the operation interface in real time after receiving the early warning data. The abnormal status information includes: poor GNSS satellite signal, unqualified self-test indicators, significant position change, storage chip failure, GNSS module failure, and high environmental interference. The abnormal data includes: abnormal vibration, abnormal changes in station attitude, and low battery power.

[0017] Another aspect of the present invention provides a node instrument monitoring system, implementing the monitoring method of the present invention, comprising: a data acquisition unit deployed within a node station and connected to a node acquisition circuit; a communication network unit deployed within the monitoring group; and a central control unit configured as the control terminal; the data acquisition unit and the communication network unit of the same monitoring group are interactively connected via a first transmission path; the communication network units of different monitoring groups are interactively connected via a second transmission path; the communication network unit and the central control unit are interactively connected via the second transmission path; the data acquisition unit is configured to acquire the current location information of the node station and its signal quality information with other node stations in real time, and perform comprehensive link scoring; the communication network unit is configured to construct a decentralized multi-hop second transmission path between different monitoring groups.

[0018] The data acquisition unit includes a first microcontroller module, a first communication module, a vibration sensing module, a power detection module, and a first data interface module. The first microcontroller module is connected to the first communication module, the vibration sensing module, the power detection module, and the first data interface module, and is configured to coordinate and control the normal operation of each connected module, and parse received instructions and data information. The first communication module is configured to use low-power short-range communication technology to automatically construct a wireless mesh network to obtain the first transmission path and the monitoring group. The vibration sensing module is connected to the first microcontroller module and is configured to detect external vibrations and send them to the first microcontroller module in real time. The power detection module is configured to collect the remaining power information of the node station under the control of the first microcontroller module and send it to the first microcontroller module. The first data interface module is configured to acquire the monitoring data acquired within a specified time period according to the instructions of the first microcontroller module and send it to the first microcontroller module.

[0019] The communication network unit includes: a second microcontroller module, a second communication module, a third communication module, and a data cache module. The second microcontroller module is connected to the second communication module, the third communication module, and the data cache module, and is configured to receive and process configuration parameters received by the third communication module, and distribute group parameters to the monitoring group to which it belongs. The second communication module is configured to use low-power short-range communication technology to interact with the first communication module in the same monitoring group, send control commands, and receive monitoring data. The data cache module is configured to cache the group parameters and monitoring data of its monitoring group. The third communication module uses high-speed long-range communication technology and a decentralized multi-hop method to transmit data. The establishment of its transmission link is determined by the result calculated by the second microcontroller module according to a preset formula. The third communication module is configured to send the monitoring data stored in the data cache module to the management terminal and receive commands from the management terminal.

[0020] The system also includes a portable monitoring terminal configured as the control terminal; the portable monitoring terminal includes a fourth communication module; the portable monitoring terminal is configured to send a data retrieval command to the communication network unit through the third communication module via the fourth communication module, and to receive the monitoring data of the node station within the seismic acquisition array where the communication network unit is located.

[0021] The central control unit includes a fifth communication module and a second data interface module. The central control unit is configured to send a data retrieval command to the communication network unit through the fifth communication module and the third communication module, and to receive the monitoring data of all node stations in the earthquake acquisition array within a preset range. The data interface module is configured as the external data interface of the central control unit for synchronizing data from the portable monitoring terminal.

[0022] In another aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device including a memory, a processor, and one or more computer programs, wherein the computer programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by the plurality of processors of the present invention. The provided electronic device can automatically implement the node instrument monitoring method of the present invention, has corresponding advantages, and is conducive to further promotion in practical applications.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the main beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The present invention provides a node instrument monitoring method, which dynamically constructs a monitoring group (first transmission path) by acquiring the node station location and signal quality information in real time, calculating the comprehensive link score, and constructing a decentralized multi-hop second transmission path between monitoring groups. The two-level path is used to realize the communication between instructions and monitoring data. In a better case, it can also be combined with data caching and anomaly early warning mechanism. The comprehensive link score ensures the rationality of the network, the decentralized multi-hop enhances the reliability of communication, and the two-level architecture takes into account the adaptability to complex environments and low power consumption. It breaks through the bottlenecks of traditional node instruments that cannot monitor the status in real time, require data to be retrieved for quality control, are difficult to locate faults in complex terrain, and have high power consumption and high cost of 4G / 5G real-time transmission schemes. It realizes the real-time transmission of node status and seismic data and anomaly early warning, and fully guarantees exploration efficiency and quality while taking into account cost and power consumption.

[0024] 2. This invention provides a node instrument monitoring system based on a packet network architecture. The data acquisition unit performs location and signal quality acquisition and comprehensive link scoring; the communication network unit completes the dynamic construction of monitoring groups and the establishment of decentralized multi-hop links between groups; and the central control unit is responsible for parameter distribution and data management. The two-level transmission path is implemented through inter-unit communication modules. This system employs a hardware-layered architecture with a precise adaptation method for its two-level communication logic, ensuring focused and efficient collaboration among units, while also balancing low-power short-range and high-speed long-range communication capabilities. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the node instrument monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a node instrument monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the data acquisition unit composition according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the communication network unit composition according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the portable monitoring terminal components according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the central control unit in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the real-time monitoring network construction process of the node instrument monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the node station anomaly early warning implementation process of the node instrument monitoring method according to an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0033] The technical solutions in specific embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0034] This invention, through the following embodiments, exemplifies a node instrument monitoring method, system, and electronic equipment. This embodiment provides a node instrument monitoring network grouping architecture with anomaly early warning functionality, overcoming the technical bottlenecks of current mainstream node instruments in real-time monitoring of node operating status and conducting on-site quality control of exploration data. The node instrument monitoring method, system, and electronic equipment provided in this embodiment are applicable to the grouping network architecture of node instruments. Combined with the characteristics of seismic exploration acquisition operations, a segmented, two-level communication network is constructed, which can solve the problems of node status data monitoring and seismic data quality control in various complex surface environments such as mountains, deserts, and urban areas. This solution, through hierarchical architecture, dynamic networking, multi-hop transmission, and collaborative management, overcomes the "single-point inefficiency" problem of traditional node instrument monitoring, providing a low-cost, highly reliable solution for ultra-large-scale seismic exploration under complex surface conditions.

[0035] The technical problems to be solved in this embodiment mainly include network topology design, network grouping, multi-node communication conflicts, and low-power, high-reliability full-duplex communication under complex environmental conditions.

[0036] The node anomaly early warning function based on the group network architecture proposed in the preferred embodiment can provide timely warnings when special situations occur at the node station, such as poor GNSS signal, low power, environmental interference, unqualified self-inspection indicators, as well as location movement and abnormal vibration, so as to avoid the losses caused by these situations and ensure that the quality of the acquired exploration data meets the requirements of exploration and construction.

[0037] The node instrument monitoring method provided in this embodiment can be implemented by the electronic device of this embodiment. The example electronic device includes a memory, a processor, and one or more computer programs, wherein the computer programs are stored in the memory and configured to be executed by one or more processors. The specific node instrument monitoring method provided in this embodiment can be implemented by one or more processors.

[0038] Strategic mineral resources such as oil and natural gas are important pillars of the national economy, directly related to national energy security and economic lifeline. Accurately probing oil and gas reserves is of great strategic significance for ensuring national energy supply security and supporting high-quality economic development. The node instrument adopts a satellite-synchronized autonomous data acquisition and distributed recording mode, completely eliminating the constraints of cables and possessing an ultra-long endurance of over 25 days of continuous operation. This not only overcomes the limitations of wired instruments but also its lightweight and flexible deployment method is particularly suitable for complex surface conditions. It provides key equipment support for the large-scale application of "two-wide-one-high" (wide azimuth, wide bandwidth, high density) high-precision exploration technology, with particularly outstanding exploration results in complex terrain areas. The node instrument monitoring method, system, and electronic equipment provided in this embodiment are adaptable to complex terrain and ultra-large-scale node-based seismic exploration scenarios. For example, in desert oil and gas exploration, it can use low-power two-level communication to cope with the weak signal and dispersed nodes in the desert environment, avoiding the insufficient battery life caused by the high power consumption of traditional 4G / 5G solutions. In mountainous seismic exploration, it can rely on decentralized multi-hop links to overcome the communication barriers of rugged terrain, and quickly locate displaced or weak-signal nodes through anomaly warnings to reduce rework and re-extraction. Facing ultra-large-scale land exploration lines exceeding 50 kilometers in length and with more than 1,000 nodes, it can also simplify management and control through dynamic group management, ensuring real-time transmission of seismic data and on-site quality control, and is generally adaptable to the exploration needs of various complex surfaces. It can be seen that the node instrument monitoring method, system, and electronic equipment provided in this embodiment have obvious advantages and practicality in specific scenarios, and the application scenarios are not limited here.

[0039] refer to Figure 1 As shown in the embodiment of the present invention, a node instrument monitoring method includes: acquiring the location information of the node station and the signal quality information between the node stations in real time, and performing a comprehensive link score; selecting a first transmission path based on the comprehensive link score, and dynamically constructing a monitoring group composed of multiple node stations; constructing a decentralized multi-hop second transmission path between different monitoring groups; and transmitting the instructions of the control terminal and the monitoring data of multiple node stations in two stages via the first transmission path and the second transmission path.

[0040] In some embodiments, the specific method for performing comprehensive link scoring includes: obtaining the satellite positioning coordinates of the current node station and other node stations to obtain location information, calculating the physical distance to obtain node distance weights, detecting the measured signal strength between the current node station and other node stations, using communication signal strength indicators to characterize signal quality information, and calculating link quality weights; calculating a comprehensive link score based on node distance weights, link quality weights, and preset parameters; and selecting a first transmission path includes: using the other node station with the highest comprehensive link score as the next hop of the current node station.

[0041] The example's preset parameters are pre-configured baseline values ​​that support core logic such as link calculation, anomaly detection, and communication control. In specific embodiments, the preset parameters may include: a weighting factor k used in the comprehensive link scoring formula to balance link quality and distance weights, and the maximum / minimum RSSI values ​​used to calculate link quality weights. max / RSSI min The first communication module that defines the physical range of nodes within the group has a maximum communication distance d. max In some embodiments, the preset parameters may also be the weighting factor λ used to balance bottleneck delay and total delay in the WCETT multi-hop path cost calculation, and the standard data packet size S required for transmission time calculation. packet The parameters for node anomaly detection include low battery threshold, vibration intensity threshold, and GNSS signal strength threshold; and the parameters for data transmission frequency, command response timeout, and data buffering threshold for intra-group communication. These parameters need to be set in advance based on the exploration scenario to provide a unified execution standard for the operation of each part of the system, and specific situations are not limited here.

[0042] In the example scenario, nodes continuously acquire location and signal quality data, updating the overall link score in real time. The monitoring group dynamically adds or removes members based on score changes, removing nodes with scores below the threshold and adding newly qualified nodes, ensuring that the group members are updated in real time as the environment (such as signal and location) changes, rather than remaining fixed.

[0043] In some embodiments, the method for constructing the second transmission path includes: calculating the multi-hop path cost and selecting the optimal link according to the link optimization principle.

[0044] In some embodiments, the monitoring data includes node status data, seismic data, and early warning data. The monitoring method includes: multiple node stations collecting abnormal node status information, generating early warning data, and forwarding it in real-time to the control terminal via a first transmission path and a second transmission path. The embodiments provide a node instrument monitoring network group architecture with abnormal early warning functionality, aiming to ensure low cost, low power consumption, and ease of use of node instruments while achieving real-time transmission of node instrument operating status and seismic data, thus ensuring the quality of oil and gas exploration data.

[0045] In the example scenario, dynamic grouping is achieved using a comprehensive link score (considering both signal strength and distance), and a decentralized multi-hop second transmission path is constructed based on these groups. First, the large-scale field node stations are divided into multiple independent monitoring groups (achieving segmented management). Then, internal communication networks (level 1) and inter-group communication networks (level 2) are built for each group, ultimately forming a two-level collaborative communication architecture. This resolves the contradiction between low-power constraints and real-time communication requirements (ensuring reasonable intra-group networking through comprehensive link scoring, resolving inter-group communication barriers through decentralized multi-hop, and achieving seamless collaboration among multiple hardware units without direct connections). A wireless mesh network within the monitoring group (Level 1) is constructed in conjunction with decentralized multi-hop links between monitoring groups (Level 2). This layered isolation of communication ranges prevents single-area failures from affecting the entire network. Level 1 relies on low-power short-range communication to ensure stable transmission within the monitoring group, while Level 2 relies on high-speed long-range communication to ensure long-distance transmission between groups, adapting to different communication needs in various scenarios. The Level 1 network calculates a comprehensive link score based on link quality weights and distance weights based on satellite positioning coordinates to select the optimal next hop. The Level 2 inter-group links select the optimal link using the WCETT multi-hop path cost algorithm (considering estimated transmission time and packet loss rate), reducing communication interruptions caused by weak signals, long distances, or high packet loss.

[0046] refer to Figure 2 As shown, the node instrument monitoring system provided in this embodiment is used to support the implementation of the node instrument monitoring method provided in the embodiment. The example system includes: a data acquisition unit deployed within the node station and connected to the node acquisition circuit, a communication network unit deployed within the monitoring group, and a central control unit configured as a management terminal. The data acquisition unit communicates with the communication network unit of the same monitoring group through a first transmission path; the communication network units of different monitoring groups communicate with each other through a second transmission path; the communication network unit communicates with the central control unit through the second transmission path. The data acquisition unit is configured to acquire the current location information of the node station and its signal quality information with other node stations in real time, and perform comprehensive link scoring; the communication network unit is configured to construct a decentralized multi-hop second transmission path between different monitoring groups.

[0047] Figure 2In the example scenario, the central control unit interacts with multiple different groups of network communication units via a second transmission path. It's important to note that the central control unit does not need to establish direct connections with all communication network units, but its direct interactions are not limited to a single unit. For instance, in areas with good signal conditions, it can simultaneously communicate directly with multiple surrounding communication network units. These directly connected units act as both command receivers and relay nodes in multi-hop links, quickly disseminating commands throughout the network. If a directly interacting communication network unit fails, it can switch to other nearby units to continue control, preventing a global control interruption caused by a single node failure. This does not limit the specific circumstances.

[0048] In some embodiments, a portable monitoring terminal configured as a control terminal is also included. There can be one or more portable monitoring terminals, depending on actual work needs, and there is no limitation. The central control unit and the portable monitoring terminal can issue commands simultaneously, and the communication network unit has the ability to forward commands across groups, ensuring that commands cover all nodes; at the same time, the dual control can serve as backups for each other, avoiding monitoring failure due to the failure of a single control terminal.

[0049] The following is an example illustrating a specific application scenario: Data collection points at exploration sites in deserts, mountains, etc., are distributed across multiple regions and over a large area. Each collection point is equipped with a node station, and data acquisition units are built into these node stations. Each node station corresponds to one data acquisition unit, with a total of N units, clustered according to exploration lines or regions. Communication network units are deployed in the central area of ​​each data acquisition unit cluster (to facilitate coverage of all node stations within the cluster), with the number matching the number of data acquisition unit clusters (i.e., N), forming a monitoring group consisting of one communication network unit and multiple data acquisition units.

[0050] The portable monitoring terminal in the example can be located at temporary work sites (such as beside survey lines or temporary camps) within the exploration operation site and can be moved as needed. A single portable monitoring terminal can cover one or more communication network units. A central control unit is typically set up as the core of global management, covering all communication network units, and is deployed in the fixed command center of the exploration project (away from the front line but covering all work areas).

[0051] Figure 2In the example scenario, the data acquisition unit interacts with the communication network unit as follows: the data acquisition unit sends node status data, seismic data, and anomaly warning data to the communication network unit; the communication network unit forwards control commands, such as data retrieval commands and parameter configuration commands, to the data acquisition unit. Adjacent communication network units bidirectionally forward commands (such as renetworking commands issued by the central control unit) and aggregated data (node ​​data across groups) via decentralized multi-hop links. The communication network unit interacts with the portable monitoring terminal; the communication network unit sends node status, seismic, and warning data for all monitoring groups globally to the central control unit; the central control unit sends data retrieval commands and renetworking commands to the communication network unit. The portable monitoring terminal synchronizes the data collected on-site to the central control unit.

[0052] In the example scenario, the data acquisition unit performs real-time acquisition of location and signal quality information and conducts comprehensive link scoring; the data acquisition unit and the communication network unit work together to select the first transmission path based on the comprehensive link score and dynamically construct a monitoring group; the communication network unit constructs a decentralized multi-hop second transmission path between the monitoring groups.

[0053] In one specific embodiment, the communication network unit is equipped with a data caching module to temporarily store node data to avoid loss due to transmission interruption; the data acquisition unit actively monitors node anomalies (poor GNSS signal, low power, etc.) and sends early warnings in real time, so that staff can troubleshoot in a timely manner and prevent the spread of faults from affecting the continuity of monitoring.

[0054] Reference Figures 2 to 6 To facilitate a clearer understanding of the method and the corresponding system, the following specific embodiment provides an exemplary description of the node instrument monitoring method and the system supporting its implementation. This is not intended to limit the specific implementation. This embodiment presents a real-time monitoring network grouping architecture for node instruments, consisting of a data acquisition unit, a communication network unit, a central control unit, and a portable monitoring terminal. Based on key technologies such as satellite positioning, satellite timing, low-power short-range wireless communication, high-speed long-range wireless communication, network grouping, and broadcast storm suppression, it provides an intelligent communication network system for ultra-large-scale seismic exploration. This system can monitor the status of node units and the quality of seismic data in real time and supports early warning of abnormal acquisition and arrangement status. The system is adaptable to various surface conditions such as mountains and deserts, and features strong anti-interference capabilities, low power consumption, and ease of application.

[0055] The example data acquisition unit, connected to the node acquisition circuit, is typically built into the node station body, such as... Figure 3As shown, the system includes a first microcontroller module 101, a first communication module 102, a data interface module 103, a vibration sensing module 104, and a power detection module 105. These modules perform two functions: receiving control commands from the central control unit and the portable monitoring terminal via the communication network unit, and sending node status data (or seismic data) to the central control unit and the portable monitoring terminal according to the received control commands, for the purpose of arranging status data (or seismic data) monitoring; and proactively sending abnormal warning information to the central control unit or the portable monitoring terminal via the communication network unit when a node experiences poor GNSS signal, low power, environmental interference, unqualified self-test indicators, position movement, or abnormal vibration.

[0056] The first microcontroller module 101, connected to the first communication module 102, the data interface module 103, the vibration sensing module 104, and the power detection module 105, is the core device of the data acquisition unit. It is used to coordinate and control the normal operation of the modules connected to it, and to parse the received instructions and data information.

[0057] The first communication module 102 employs low-power short-range communication technology. Based on satellite positioning, Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI), and other preset parameters, it automatically constructs a wireless mesh network for forwarding commands and transmitting data, thereby dividing the field-deployed node stations into N monitoring groups. Each monitoring group is equipped with a communication network unit.

[0058] In the process of building a wireless mesh network, the establishment of a transmission link between two node stations is determined based on a comprehensive link score calculated from two parameters: link quality weight and distance weight between node stations.

[0059] Link quality weight The closer the value is to 1, the better the link quality, which can be defined as... .

[0060] RSSI ij Represents the measured RSSI value from node i to node j, RSSI min Indicates the minimum acceptable RSSI value, RSSI max Ideal maximum RSSI value Inter-node distance weight The closer the distance, the higher the weight. In the formula, d max d represents the maximum communication distance between the two first communication modules. ij The distance between node i and node j can be expressed as follows: The calculation shows that x i ,x jThe north coordinates of nodes i and j are y and j, respectively. i ,y j These are the east coordinates of nodes i and j, respectively.

[0061] The comprehensive link score is based on the formula. The calculation yielded the result. In the formula, We calculate weighting factors for the parameters. The nearest node with the highest comprehensive link score is selected as the next hop for the current node.

[0062] In the example scenario, the first transmission path terminates at the communication network unit of the monitoring group to which the current node station belongs. If the current node station can directly detect the signal of the communication network unit, the communication network unit with the highest comprehensive link score is selected as the next hop to complete the path selection. If relaying through other node stations is required, the other node stations with the highest comprehensive link score are selected as the next hop in sequence until the next hop is a communication network unit, at which point the hopping stops, and a complete first transmission path is finally formed.

[0063] The data interface module 103 is connected to the acquisition circuit of the node station. It acquires the seismic data for a specified time period according to the instructions of the first microcontroller module 101 and sends it to the first microcontroller module 101.

[0064] The vibration sensing module 104, based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, is connected to the first microcontroller module 101 and is used to detect large vibrations caused by human movement, animal touch, etc., and send them to the first microcontroller module 101 in real time.

[0065] The power detection module 105 is connected to the built-in power supply of the node station. Under the control of the first microcontroller module 101, it collects the remaining power information of the node station and sends it to the first microcontroller module 101.

[0066] Communication network units, such as Figure 4 As shown, it consists of a second microcontroller module 201, a second communication module 202, a third communication module 203, a data cache module 204, and a power supply module 205. Its main functions are: first, to send control commands to the data acquisition units within the monitoring group through the second communication module 202, and to receive node status data, earthquake data, or early warning data from the data acquisition units within the monitoring group through the second communication module 202, store the data in the data cache module, and then send it to the central control unit (or portable monitoring terminal) through the third communication module 203; second, to receive control commands from the central control unit (or portable monitoring terminal) through the third communication module 203, and forward them to the data acquisition units built into the node units within the monitoring group through the second communication module 202.

[0067] The second microcontroller module 201, connected to the second communication module 202, the third communication module 203, the data buffer module 204, etc., is the core device of the communication network unit. It is used to send group parameters to the data acquisition unit built into the node station connected to it via the second communication module 202 according to the parameters received from the central control unit (or portable monitoring terminal) through the third communication module 203.

[0068] The second communication module 202 adopts low-power short-range communication technology and is the management and coordination center of the wireless mesh network composed of the first communication module 102 built into the node station in each monitoring group. It is used to receive node status data, earthquake data or early warning data sent from the first communication module 102 built into the node station in each monitoring group and then forward it to the second microcontroller module 202.

[0069] The third communication module 203, connected to the second microcontroller module 201, is used to receive instructions from the central control unit (or portable monitoring terminal) and forward status data, earthquake data, or early warning data of each node unit in the monitoring group.

[0070] The third communication module 203 is based on high-speed long-distance communication technology and uses a decentralized multi-hop method to transmit data. The establishment of its transmission link follows the formula. The calculation results are determined. In the formula, WCETT represents the multi-hop path cost, with lower values ​​being better; ETT1 represents the estimated transmission time from the previous node to the current node, and ETT2 represents the estimated transmission time from the current node to the next node. This calculation process is completed by the second microcontroller module. "Previous node" refers to the preceding communication network unit of the current communication network unit, and ETT1 reflects the transmission delay and reliability of this single-hop link; "Next node" refers to the succeeding communication network unit of the current communication network unit, and ETT2 reflects the transmission delay and reliability of this single-hop link.

[0071] The estimated transmission time is calculated according to the formula. Calculate. Where S packet Indicates the size of the transmitted data packet; R effective S represents the effective transmission rate; p represents the packet loss rate during transmission. Example S packet This is the standard packet size for monitoring data (status, seismic, and early warning data) at fixed nodes in seismic exploration, and it is a fundamental parameter for calculating transmission time; (Example R) effective This is the actual transmission rate of the third communication module 203 (high-speed long-distance communication technology), which is affected by terrain and interference and differs from the theoretical rate. The 'p' in the example reflects link stability; the higher the packet loss rate, the smaller (1-p), the larger the ETT, and the higher the link cost.

[0072] In this embodiment, WCETT is used to measure the quality of a multi-hop link from the previous communication network unit to the current communication network unit and then to the next communication network unit. The lower the value, the better the link, which is the core basis for selecting the second transmission path. The value of λ ranges from [0,1] and is used to balance the importance of the link bottleneck delay and the total transmission delay (summation term). It can be adjusted according to the exploration environment (such as terrain complexity and signal stability) and is not limited.

[0073] In the example scenario, avoid selecting links with high packet loss and high latency. If a single-hop link has a high packet loss rate (p), it will increase ETT, which in turn will increase WCETT, leading to it being judged as a poor-quality link and excluded. Complex terrain can easily cause weak signals in some areas (R). effective (Low), the formula uses ETT to convert signal quality into a quantifiable cost, ensuring the selection of stable and efficient transmission links, and guaranteeing the reliability of data transmission between monitoring groups.

[0074] The data caching module 204 is connected to the second microcontroller module 201 and is used to cache the grouping parameters of the monitoring group, the status data of the node stations within the group, earthquake data, or early warning data.

[0075] The power supply module 205 is used to provide energy for the normal operation of the second microcontroller module 201, the second communication module 202, the third communication module 203, and the data cache module 204 belonging to the communication network unit.

[0076] Portable monitoring terminals, such as Figure 5 As shown, it consists of a first main control module 301, a fourth communication module 302, a data storage module 305, a data analysis module 303, a data display module 304, and a power supply module 306. It is used to send data retrieval instructions to the communication network unit through the fourth communication module 302 and the third communication module 203, and to receive status data, earthquake data, or early warning data of the node stations within the seismic acquisition array where the communication network unit is located.

[0077] The first main control module 301 is the core component of the entire portable monitoring terminal. It connects with other components of the portable monitoring terminal and coordinates the work of each part.

[0078] The fourth communication module 302 is the external wireless communication interface of the portable monitoring terminal. It is used to send data retrieval instructions to a certain communication network unit and to receive status data, earthquake data or early warning data from the node stations within the seismic acquisition array where the communication network unit is located.

[0079] The data analysis module 303 is used to analyze the status data, seismic data, or early warning data of the recovered node stations according to preset parameters.

[0080] The data display module 304 is used to display the status data, seismic data, or early warning data of the recovered node stations.

[0081] The data storage module 305 is used to store the configured parameters and the status data, seismic data or early warning data of the recovered node stations.

[0082] Power supply module 306 is used to provide energy for the normal operation of various components of the portable monitoring terminal.

[0083] Central control unit, such as Figure 6 As shown, it consists of a second main control module 401, a fifth communication module 402, a data storage module 403, a data analysis module 404, a data display module 405, a data interface module 406, and a power supply module 407. Its main functions include: sending data retrieval commands to the communication network unit via the fifth communication module 402 and the third communication module 203; receiving node status data, seismic data, or early warning data from all node stations within a preset range of seismic acquisition array; and sending re-networking commands to the communication network unit via the fifth communication module 402 and the third communication module 203.

[0084] The second main control module 401 is the core component of the central control unit. It connects with other components of the central control unit and coordinates the work of each part. The difference between the second main control module 401 and the first main control module 301 is that the second main control module 401 has a larger memory capacity, faster processing speed, and stronger computing power.

[0085] The fifth communication module 402 is the external wireless communication interface of the central control unit. It is used to send data retrieval instructions to a certain communication network unit and to receive node status data, earthquake data or early warning data of all node stations in the preset range of seismic acquisition array.

[0086] The data storage module 403 is used to store the configured parameters and the status data, seismic data or early warning data of the recovered node stations.

[0087] The data analysis module 404 is used to analyze the status data, seismic data, or early warning data of the recovered node stations according to preset parameters.

[0088] The data display module 405 is used to display the status data, seismic data, or early warning data of the recovered node stations.

[0089] Data interface module 406 is the external data interface of the central control unit, used to synchronize data from portable monitoring terminals.

[0090] Power supply module 407 is used to provide energy for the normal operation of various components of the central control unit.

[0091] The monitoring system using the above embodiments, in one specific embodiment, provides a method for constructing a real-time monitoring network for node instruments based on the above network packet architecture, such as... Figure 7 As shown, it includes the following steps: Step S1: Deploy the node station at the data collection point and turn on the power to start operation; Step S2: The first communication module built into the data acquisition unit constructs a monitoring grid network with the second communication module built into the regional communication network unit as the control center, based on the calculation results of link quality weight and distance weight between node stations, forming multiple monitoring groups.

[0092] Step S3: Collect and arrange the third communication module built into the communication network unit within each survey line to construct decentralized multiple data transmission links according to the link optimization principle.

[0093] Step S4: The central control unit or portable monitoring terminal sends status data or seismic data retrieval instructions to the nearest communication network unit; Step S5: The communication network unit that receives the instruction forwards the instruction to other communication network units within its data transmission link; Step S6: All communication network units that receive instructions within the data transmission link send instructions to the first communication modules built into the data acquisition units of all node stations within their monitoring network grid through their built-in second communication modules. Step S7: The data acquisition unit forwards instructions to the node station. After receiving the instructions, the node station sends status data or seismic data to the communication network unit within its monitoring group through the first communication module; Step S8: After receiving the status data or seismic data of all node stations in the monitoring group, the communication network unit forwards the data to the central control unit or portable monitoring terminal through its data transmission link. Step S9: After receiving the status data or seismic data of the node station, the central control unit or portable monitoring terminal analyzes and displays the data.

[0094] In a preferred embodiment, when a node experiences special conditions such as poor GNSS signal, low battery, environmental interference, failure to meet self-test indicators, or location movement and abnormal vibration, it shall proceed as follows: Figure 8 The steps shown implement the anomaly warning function: Step ES1: The microcontroller module built into the data acquisition unit receives node abnormal status information through the data interface module connected to it, or receives abnormal data through the vibration sensing module and power detection module connected to it, and sends early warning data to the communication network unit in its monitoring group in real time and proactively. Step ES2: After receiving the early warning data from the node station, the communication network unit forwards it to the central control unit or portable monitoring terminal in real time through its data transmission link. Step ES3: After receiving the abnormal early warning data from the node station, the central control unit or portable monitoring terminal shall promptly provide a prompt on the operation interface.

[0095] The abnormal node status information in step ES1 includes, but is not limited to, poor GNSS satellite signal, unqualified self-test indicators, significant position change, storage chip failure, GNSS module failure, and large environmental interference.

[0096] Abnormal data in step ES1 includes, but is not limited to, abnormal vibration, abnormal changes in station posture, and low battery.

[0097] The common English terms or letters used in this invention for the purpose of clarity are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to be limiting or specific. They should not be used to limit the scope of protection of this invention based on their Chinese translations or specific letters.

[0098] It should be noted that the collection, gathering, updating, analysis, processing, use, transmission, and storage of user personal information involved in the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present invention all comply with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations, are used for legitimate purposes, and do not violate public order and good morals. Necessary measures are taken to prevent unauthorized access to user personal information data and to safeguard user personal information security, network security, and national security.

[0099] In this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the invention is not to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features claimed herein.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring node instruments, characterized in that, include: Real-time acquisition of node station location information and signal quality information between node stations, and comprehensive link scoring; Based on the comprehensive link score, the first transmission path is selected, and a monitoring group consisting of multiple node stations is dynamically constructed. Construct a decentralized multi-hop second transmission path between the different monitoring groups; The commands from the control terminal and the monitoring data from the multiple node stations are transmitted in two stages via the first transmission path and the second transmission path.

2. The node instrument monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for performing comprehensive link scoring includes: The satellite positioning coordinates of the current node station and other node stations are obtained to obtain the location information. The physical distance is calculated to obtain the node distance weight. The measured signal strength between the current node station and other node stations is detected. The signal quality information is characterized by the communication signal strength indicator, and the link quality weight is calculated. The comprehensive link score is calculated based on the node distance weight, link quality weight, and preset parameters. The method for selecting the first transmission path includes: The other node station with the highest comprehensive link score is used as the next hop of the current node station.

3. The node instrument monitoring method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Let the current node station be denoted as i, the other node stations be denoted as j, and the corresponding satellite positioning coordinates be denoted as (xi, yi) and (xj, yj), respectively. The method for obtaining the link quality weight includes: using RSSI ij The RSSI value representing the measured signal strength is expressed in terms of RSSI. min Indicates the minimum acceptable RSSI value, RSSI max The ideal maximum RSSI value is defined as L; the link quality weight is denoted as L. ij The closer the value is to 1, the better the link quality. , ; The method for obtaining the node distance weight includes: denoting the physical distance as d. ij ,definition The node distance weight is denoted as D. ij , with d max This represents the maximum communication distance within the monitoring group, defined as follows: The closer the distance, the higher the weight; The parameter calculation weighting factor k is the preset parameter. The comprehensive link score is given by the formula Calculated.

4. The node instrument monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The method for constructing the second transmission path includes: calculating the multi-hop path cost and selecting the optimal link according to the link optimization principle; the calculation steps include: Definition Formula The estimated transmission time is calculated, where S packet Indicates the size of the transmitted data packet; R effective represents the effective transmission rate; p represents the packet loss rate during transmission. Let WCETT represent the multi-hop path cost, with lower values ​​being better; ETT1 represent the estimated transmission time from the previous node to the current node; and ETT2 represent the estimated transmission time from the current node to the next node. The formula is defined as follows: The cost of the multi-hop path is calculated. The lower the cost of a multi-hop path, the better the link.

5. The node instrument monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that, include: The control terminal will analyze and display the received monitoring data.

6. The node instrument monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, The execution steps of the node instrument monitoring method include: Step S1. Deploy the node station at the data collection point and turn on the power to start operation; Step S2. Select the first transmission path to construct a low-power short-range wireless mesh network, forming multiple monitoring groups, and deploy a control and communication center within the monitoring group; Step S3. Construct the second transmission path to obtain a cross-group high-speed long-distance communication link between the control and management communication centers of different monitoring groups within each measurement line; Step S4. The control terminal sends a data retrieval command to the control communication center via the second transmission path; Step S5. The control and management communication center that receives the data recycling instruction forwards the data recycling instruction to the control and management communication centers of other monitoring groups via the second transmission path; Step S6. The received data recycling instruction is forwarded by the first transmission path to the node station within the monitoring group; Step S7. The node station that receives the data recycling instruction uploads the monitoring data to the management and control communication center of the monitoring group to which it belongs via the first transmission path, and the management and control communication center sends it to the management and control terminal via the second transmission path.

7. The node instrument monitoring method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The monitoring data includes node status data, earthquake data, and early warning data; The node instrument monitoring method further includes: the multiple node stations collecting abnormal node status information, generating the early warning data, and forwarding it to the control terminal in real time via the first transmission path and the second transmission path.

8. The node instrument monitoring method according to claim 7, characterized in that, The execution steps of the node instrument monitoring method include: detecting an anomaly, collecting abnormal status information and abnormal data to generate the early warning data; uploading the early warning data via the first transmission path; forwarding the early warning data to the control terminal in real time via the second transmission path; and providing a prompt on the operation interface in real time after receiving the early warning data. The abnormal status information includes: poor GNSS satellite signal, unqualified self-test indicators, significant position change, storage chip failure, GNSS module failure, and high environmental interference. The abnormal data includes: abnormal vibration, abnormal changes in station attitude, and low battery power.

9. A node instrument monitoring system, characterized in that, For supporting the implementation of the node instrument monitoring method according to any one of claims 1 to 8; comprising: a data acquisition unit deployed in the node station and connected to the node acquisition circuit, a communication network unit deployed in the monitoring group, and a central control unit configured as the management terminal; The data acquisition unit and the communication network unit of the same monitoring group are connected via the first transmission path; The communication network units of different monitoring groups communicate with each other via the second transmission path; the communication network units communicate with the central control unit via the second transmission path. The data acquisition unit is configured to acquire the location information of the current node station and the signal quality information between it and other node stations in real time, and to perform a comprehensive link score. The communication network unit is configured to construct a decentralized multi-hop second transmission path between different monitoring groups.

10. The node instrument monitoring system according to claim 9, characterized in that, The data acquisition unit includes: a first microcontroller module, a first communication module, a vibration sensing module, a power detection module, and a first data interface module; The first microcontroller module is connected to the first communication module, the vibration sensing module, the power detection module, and the first data interface module, and is configured to coordinate and control the normal operation of each connected module, and to parse the received instructions and data information. The first communication module is configured to use low-power short-range communication technology to automatically construct a wireless mesh network to obtain the first transmission path and the monitoring group; The vibration sensing module is connected to the first microcontroller module and is configured to detect external vibrations and send them to the first microcontroller module in real time. The power detection module is configured to collect the remaining power information of the node station under the control of the first microcontroller module and send it to the first microcontroller module. The first data interface module is configured to acquire monitoring data for a specified time period according to the instructions of the first microcontroller module, and send it to the first microcontroller module.

11. The node instrument monitoring system according to claim 10, characterized in that, The communication network unit includes: a second microcontroller module, a second communication module, a third communication module, and a data cache module; The second microcontroller module is connected to the second communication module, the third communication module, and the data cache module respectively, and is configured to receive and process the configuration parameters received by the third communication module, and distribute group parameters to the monitoring group to which it belongs by the second communication module; The second communication module is configured to use low-power short-range communication technology to interact with the first communication module in the same monitoring group, send control commands and receive the monitoring data; The data caching module is configured to cache the grouping parameters of the monitoring group to which it belongs and the monitoring data; The third communication module is based on high-speed long-distance communication technology and uses a decentralized multi-hop method to transmit data. The establishment of its transmission link is determined by the result calculated by the second microcontroller module according to a preset formula. The third communication module is configured to send the monitoring data stored in the data cache module to the management terminal and receive instructions from the management terminal.

12. The node instrument monitoring system according to claim 11, characterized in that, This includes a portable monitoring terminal configured as the control terminal; The portable monitoring terminal includes a fourth communication module; The portable monitoring terminal is configured to send a data retrieval command to the communication network unit via the third communication module through the fourth communication module, and to receive the monitoring data of the node station within the seismic acquisition array where the communication network unit is located.

13. The node instrument monitoring system according to claim 12, characterized in that, The central control unit includes: a fifth communication module and a second data interface module; The central control unit is configured to send a data retrieval command to the communication network unit via the fifth communication module and the third communication module, and to receive the monitoring data of all node stations in the earthquake acquisition array within a preset range; the data interface module is configured as the external data interface of the central control unit for synchronizing data from the portable monitoring terminal.

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