Intelligent water level control device and method based on cosmic ray muon flux

Abstract

The invention relates to an intelligent water level control device and method based on cosmic ray muon flux. The device comprises a muon detector, a liquid level meter, water level adjusting equipment and a central processing unit which is in communication connection with the muon detector, the liquid level meter and the water level adjusting equipment. The central processing unit executes a closed-loop control process, firstly sets a target water level, controls the adjusting equipment, regulates the target water level according to feedback of the liquid level meter, then collects and monitors real-time muon flux data, judges whether collection meets preset conditions or not, sets a next target water level if the collection meets the preset conditions, regulates and controls the next target water level repeatedly, and monitors continuously if the collection does not meet the preset conditions until a preset measurement sequence is completed. According to the invention, a data acquisition system and a water level control system are integrated, accurate water level regulation and control are realized, dynamic decision is made through a muon flux monitoring result, dynamic coupling feedback of data acquisition and water level control is achieved, data acquisition sufficiency can be automatically judged, a measurement state can be intelligently switched, water depth-flux model experiment efficiency and automation level can be improved, and the water level can be accurately controlled. And the requirements of active control variables and intelligent experiments are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the intersection of particle detection technology and hydrological monitoring technology, and in particular to an intelligent water level control device and method based on cosmic ray muon flux. Background Technology

[0002] Cosmic ray muons, as a natural source of high-energy particles, can penetrate relatively thick layers of matter, and their flux attenuation is definitely related to the density and thickness of the material they pass through. Based on this principle, muon imaging technology has been explored for imaging the internal structure of large or hard-to-reach targets (such as volcanoes, pyramids, and underground spaces), as well as monitoring changes in their internal density or filling materials. In monitoring the storage or level of liquids (especially water), this technology shows potential advantages of being non-contact and having wide coverage.

[0003] Existing methods for monitoring water level or density based on cosmic ray muons typically employ a scheme involving the deployment of static muon detector arrays near or below the target object (such as a reservoir or experimental water tank). The basic technical approach is to passively and continuously collect muon flux data passing through the target object over a specific time period. By analyzing the change in average flux relative to a known reference state (e.g., an empty state) during this period, or by comparing it with a "flux-water level" relationship curve obtained through pre-simulation calculations or finite calibration, the average water level or density change of the target can be deduced. This method is essentially a macroscopic, integral measurement, relying on statistical averaging of long-term data to overcome the random fluctuations of muon events. It is suitable for monitoring quasi-static processes where the change period is much longer than the data acquisition period.

[0004] However, when this technology is applied to scenarios requiring active and precise control of experimental variables (such as water level) to construct high-confidence physical models, existing solutions reveal fundamental limitations. First, the experimental methods are passive and inefficient. Because the detector array is fixed and the measurement process is passive, researchers cannot actively, quickly, and accurately adjust the target water level, relying instead on natural processes or cumbersome manual operations to change the water level. This makes establishing a full-range, high-quality "depth-flux" calibration curve extremely time-consuming (typically months or even longer). During this long measurement period, changes in environmental factors (such as temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure) inevitably introduce systematic interference, coupling with the water level change signal, making effective variable separation and control difficult, and ultimately reducing the confidence of the established causal model.

[0005] A more fundamental problem lies in the fragmentation of the existing system architecture. Currently, the muon flux data acquisition system and the actuator control system used to control experimental conditions (such as water level) are completely independent. Software functionality is typically limited to data recording and post-experiment offline analysis, forming an "open-loop" system. The data acquisition system cannot feed back its real-time acquired muon flux statistical characteristics (such as count rate and its uncertainty) to the control loop; correspondingly, the control system cannot intelligently and adaptively adjust experimental strategies based on this real-time feedback information. For example, the system cannot dynamically decide whether to extend the measurement time or switch to the next water level based on the sufficiency of data acquisition at the current water level (such as whether the statistical error has reached the preset accuracy requirement), nor can it execute preset, complex experimental procedures involving conditional judgments. This physical and logical separation of data flow and control flow is the fundamental bottleneck preventing existing solutions from achieving efficient, intelligent, and dynamically responsive active measurement experiments. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to address the significant shortcomings of existing water level monitoring technologies based on passive muon detection when facing modern precision experiments or real-time monitoring applications that require active control of variables, rapid acquisition of calibration data, and dynamic decision-making capabilities. A solution should be provided that addresses the aforementioned system fragmentation and lack of intelligence by developing an intelligent water level control device and method based on cosmic ray muon flux.

[0007] The present invention provides an intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux, comprising a muon detector for detecting the cosmic ray muon flux passing through the medium to be measured, a level gauge for measuring the actual water level of the medium to be measured, a water level regulating device for regulating the water level of the medium to be measured, and a central processing unit communicatively connected to the muon detector, the level gauge and the water level regulating device. The central processing unit is configured to execute a closed-loop control process, which includes: S1. Set the target water level value; S2. Control the water level regulating device to work, and determine whether the actual water level of the medium to be measured has reached the target water level value based on the feedback of the level gauge; if it has not reached the target water level value, continue to control the water level regulating device to work. S3. When the actual water level reaches the target water level value, the muon flux data detected in real time by the muon detector is collected and monitored, and the data collection at the current water level is judged based on the monitoring results to determine whether the data collection meets the preset conditions. S4. If the preset conditions are met, the next target water level value is set according to the preset measurement sequence, and the process returns to S2; if not, S3 is executed at the current water level. S5. Repeat steps S2 to S4 until all preset measurement sequences are completed.

[0008] In one embodiment, the muon detector includes a main detector array and a control detector group; the main detector array is arranged directly below the test medium for detecting the muon flux passing through the test medium; the control detector group is arranged in an unobstructed area to the side of the test medium; the water level regulating device includes a water inlet system and a water outlet system; the water inlet system is used to inject liquid into the container containing the test medium, and the water outlet system is used to discharge liquid from the container.

[0009] In one embodiment, the test medium is contained in an experimental chamber; the experimental chamber is connected to a water storage tank via a pipeline, and the water inlet system and the water outlet system realize liquid circulation between the experimental chamber and the water storage tank through the pipeline.

[0010] In one embodiment, the experimental chamber has a modular structure, with its bottom supported by a steel structure. The main detector array is located in the space below the steel structure at the bottom of the experimental chamber. The water inlet system includes a PE pipe with an inner diameter of 1 cm, a water inlet pump, and a water inlet controller. The drainage system includes a 4-point pipe, a drainage pump, and a drainage controller. The water inlet controller and the drainage controller are communicatively connected to the central processing unit. The level gauge is installed on the inner wall of the experimental chamber and is located close to its bottom.

[0011] In one embodiment, determining whether the data collection at the current water level meets preset conditions in step S3 includes: Determine whether the number of muon cases collected at the current water level reaches a first preset threshold, and / or determine whether the continuous measurement time at the current water level reaches a second preset threshold.

[0012] In one embodiment, when the central processing unit executes S2, it specifically performs the following functions: When the target water level is higher than the actual water level, the water inlet system is activated; when the target water level is lower than the actual water level, the drainage system is activated.

[0013] In one embodiment, step S3 involves collecting and monitoring muon flux data detected in real time by the muon detector, including: S31: Dynamic threshold compensation processing, which corrects the raw flux data detected by the muon detector in real time based on ambient temperature and humidity parameters; S32: Spatiotemporal feature extraction. Wavelet transform analysis is performed on the temporal muon flux data after S31 correction to extract its statistical features. S33: Multi-source data fusion decision-making. Applying the DS evidence theory, the features extracted in S32 and the monitoring data from the level gauge are fused to generate a comprehensive confidence level for evaluating data quality, and this confidence level is used to participate in the judgment in S3.

[0014] In one embodiment, the preset measurement sequence is a series of discrete water level values ​​that start from the initial water level and increase to the maximum water level with a fixed step size.

[0015] In one embodiment, the central processing unit is further configured to: after completing all preset measurement sequences, based on the relationship between the muon flux data collected at each water level point and the corresponding water level height, fit and generate a water level-muon flux attenuation calibration model.

[0016] The present invention also provides an intelligent water level control method based on cosmic ray muon flux, which employs the intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux described in any of the above claims and executes the closed-loop control process.

[0017] The aforementioned intelligent water level control device and method based on cosmic ray muon flux integrates the previously independent data acquisition and water level control systems into a unified intelligent whole by configuring a central processing unit and setting it to execute a closed-loop control process that includes water level control, data acquisition and monitoring, and conditional judgment. This allows the device to actively and precisely regulate the water level according to a preset sequence, breaking the limitations of traditional passive monitoring. More importantly, by making decisions based on real-time muon flux monitoring results after reaching the target water level, dynamic coupling and feedback between the data acquisition and water level control processes are achieved, changing the fragmented open-loop state of the system architecture. Therefore, the device can automatically determine the sufficiency of single-point data acquisition and intelligently switch measurement states, improving the experimental efficiency and automation level of constructing the "water depth-flux" relationship model and meeting the needs of active variable control and intelligent experiments. Attached Figure Description

[0018] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux, representing one embodiment.

[0020] Figure label: 110. Muon detector; 120. Level gauge; 130. Water level regulating device; 140. Central processing unit. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another component, it can be directly on the other component or there may be an intermediate component. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it can be directly connected to the other component or there may be an intermediate component present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used in this specification are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0023] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0024] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can mean that the first feature is in direct contact with the second feature, or that the first feature and the second feature are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature can mean that the first feature is directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0025] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used in this specification have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. The terminology used in this specification is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and / or" as used in this specification includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0026] The following is combined Figure 1 This invention describes an intelligent water level control device and method based on cosmic ray muon flux.

[0027] like Figure 1 As shown, in one embodiment, an intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux includes a muon detector 110 for detecting the cosmic ray muon flux passing through the medium to be measured, a level gauge 120 for measuring the actual water level height of the medium to be measured, a water level regulating device 130 for regulating the water level height of the medium to be measured, and a central processing unit 140 communicatively connected to the muon detector 110, the level gauge 120 and the water level regulating device 130. The central processing unit 140 is configured to execute a closed-loop control process, which includes: Step S1, setting a target water level value; Step S2, controlling the water level regulating device 130 to work, and judging whether the actual water level of the medium to be measured has reached the target water level value based on the feedback from the level gauge 120; if not, continuing to control the water level regulating device 130 to work; Step S3, when the actual water level reaches the target water level value, collecting and monitoring the muon flux data detected in real time by the muon detector 110, and judging whether the data collection at the current water level meets the preset conditions based on the monitoring results; Step S4, if the preset conditions are met, setting the next target water level value according to the preset measurement sequence, and returning to S2; if not, continuing to execute step S3 at the current water level; Step S5, repeating steps S2 to S4 until all preset measurement sequences are completed. The muon detector 110 includes a main detector array and a control detector group; the main detector array is arranged directly below the medium to be measured and is used to detect the muon flux passing through the medium; the control detector group is arranged in the unobstructed area to the side of the medium to be measured; the water level regulating device 130 includes a water inlet system and a water outlet system; the water inlet system is used to inject liquid into the container containing the medium to be measured, and the water outlet system is used to discharge liquid from the container. Specifically, the main detector array uses an 80cm×20cm silicon photomultiplier tube matrix, placed directly below the 2m×1m×1.5m muon experimental chamber, and supported by a steel structure 0.8 meters above the ground. The control detector group is arranged in an unobstructed area on the side of the experimental chamber, forming a dual-channel monitoring system. Environmental background compensation is achieved through differentiated arrangement. The water inlet system includes a 1cm inner diameter PE pipe, an inlet pump and a controller, and the drainage system includes a 4-point pipe, a drainage pump and a controller. The two are connected to the experimental chamber and a 4-ton capacity water tank through pipelines to form a circulating water circuit. A level gauge 120 is installed on the inner wall of the experimental chamber near the bottom for real-time feedback of water level data.

[0028] The test medium is contained within an experimental chamber. The chamber is connected to a water storage tank via piping, and the inlet and outlet systems facilitate liquid circulation between the chamber and the tank. The chamber has a modular structure, with its bottom supported by a steel structure. The main detector array is located in the space beneath the steel structure at the bottom of the chamber. The inlet system includes a 1 cm inner diameter PE pipe, an inlet pump, and an inlet controller. The outlet system includes a 4-point pipe, a outlet pump, and a outlet controller. The inlet and outlet controllers are communicatively connected to the central processing unit 140. A level gauge 120 is installed on the inner wall of the chamber, close to its bottom.

[0029] In step S3, it is determined whether the data collection at the current water level meets the preset conditions, including: determining whether the number of muon events collected at the current water level reaches a first preset threshold, and / or determining whether the continuous measurement time at the current water level reaches a second preset threshold. For example, the first preset threshold is set to 3,000,000 muon events, and the second preset threshold is set to 30 minutes, whichever comes first, to ensure statistical significance of the data. With this setting, the system can efficiently acquire a large number of muon events at different water level gradients. As shown in the experimental data in Table 1, within the water level range of 0cm to 140cm, the flux change Δ value (count) is stable in the range of 56,000 to 63,000 counts, verifying that the device can collect high-quality data that meets statistical requirements at different water levels.

[0030] Table 1 Water level (cm) Muon flux initial value (count) Muzi flux termination value Flux change Δ (counting) 0 3695 60786 57091 10 78861 138500 59639 20 2167714 2229829 62115 30 2241328 2303362 62034 40 2315144 2377781 62637 50 2389635 2450834 61199 60 2462460 2522033 59573 70 2790091 2846239 56148 80 2857322 2913429 56107 90 2924396 2981577 57181 100 2993075 3052311 59236 110 3064206 3123641 59435 120 3134980 3193849 58869 130 3514452 3570902 56450 140 3582392 3638995 56603 When executing step S2, the central processing unit 140 specifically controls the water inlet system to start when the target water level is higher than the actual water level, and controls the drainage system to start when the target water level is lower than the actual water level. Real-time monitoring via a level gauge enables precise water level control, such as a water inlet rate of 10 L / min (0.5 cm / min) or a drainage rate of 30 L / min (1.5 cm / min), to avoid overshoot. Step S3 involves collecting and monitoring muon flux data detected in real time by the muon detector 110, including: Step S31: Dynamic threshold compensation processing, which corrects the raw flux data detected by the muon detector 110 in real time based on ambient temperature and humidity parameters; Step S32: Spatiotemporal feature extraction, which performs wavelet transform analysis on the time-series muon flux data corrected in Step S31 to extract its statistical features; Step S33: Multi-source data fusion decision-making, which applies the DS evidence theory to fuse the features extracted in Step S32 and the monitoring data from the level gauge 120 to generate a comprehensive confidence score for evaluating data quality, and uses this confidence score to participate in the judgment in Step S3. The dynamic threshold compensation uses the formula... To eliminate the impact of environmental fluctuations, wavelet transform analysis of throughput time-series signals is used to stabilize the count rate. DS evidence theory is used to integrate multi-source data to improve decision reliability. Referring to the system workflow diagram, a closed loop of "perception-decision-execution" is formed.

[0031] The preset measurement sequence consists of a series of discrete water level values, starting from the initial water level and increasing in fixed steps to the maximum water level, such as from 0 cm to 140 cm in 10 cm steps, achieving full-range scanning. The central processing unit 140 is also configured to: after completing all preset measurement sequences, based on the relationship between the muon flux data collected at each water level point and the corresponding water level height, fit and generate a water level-muon flux attenuation calibration model. Using the multiphysics coupling model formula (in For liquid column pressure difference, For the density of the medium, It is the acceleration due to gravity. As the initial reference muon flux, The least squares method is used to fit the muon flux at time t or water level h, and the quantitative relationship curve is output.

[0032] As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the flux change Δ value remains relatively stable at different water levels, proving that the device effectively eliminates the influence of environmental fluctuations through closed-loop control and data processing algorithms, ensuring measurement accuracy. At the same time, the automated water level control enables the full-range water level scanning and data acquisition to be completed in a short time in a laboratory environment. The entire calibration process is shortened from the traditional "year / month" level to the "day / hour" level, achieving a breakthrough improvement in measurement efficiency.

[0033] Furthermore, this invention also provides an intelligent water level control method based on cosmic ray muon flux. Employing the device described above and executing a closed-loop control process, it achieves automated water level scanning and data acquisition. The entire device, through deep integration of hardware and software algorithms, transforms the traditional passive monitoring open-loop system into an active control closed-loop system. Its technical effects are reflected in three aspects: First, the dual-channel monitoring and dynamic compensation algorithm significantly improve measurement accuracy and data reliability, effectively solving the problem of fuzzy causal relationships in traditional methods; second, the integrated water level control system achieves an order-of-magnitude improvement in measurement efficiency, greatly saving time and labor costs; finally, the intelligent four-step monitoring process enables the system to possess integrated closed-loop control capabilities of perception, decision-making, and execution, fundamentally breaking through the technical bottlenecks of fragmented traditional system architecture and insufficient intelligence.

[0034] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0035] The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several implementations of the present invention, and while the descriptions are specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux, characterized in that, It includes a muon detector for detecting the muon flux of cosmic rays passing through the medium under test, a level gauge for measuring the actual water level of the medium under test, a water level regulating device for regulating the water level of the medium under test, and a central processing unit that is communicatively connected to the muon detector, the level gauge and the water level regulating device. The central processing unit is configured to execute a closed-loop control process, which includes: S1. Set the target water level value; S2. Control the water level regulating device to work, and determine whether the actual water level of the medium to be measured has reached the target water level value based on the feedback of the level gauge; if it has not reached the target water level value, continue to control the water level regulating device to work. S3. When the actual water level reaches the target water level value, the muon flux data detected in real time by the muon detector is collected and monitored, and the data collection at the current water level is judged based on the monitoring results to determine whether the data collection meets the preset conditions. S4. If the preset conditions are met, the next target water level value is set according to the preset measurement sequence, and the process returns to S2; if not, S3 is executed at the current water level. S5. Repeat steps S2 to S4 until all preset measurement sequences are completed.

2. The intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux according to claim 1, characterized in that, The muon detector includes a main detector array and a control detector group; the main detector array is arranged directly below the test medium to detect the muon flux passing through the test medium; the control detector group is arranged in an unobstructed area to the side of the test medium; the water level regulating device includes a water inlet system and a water outlet system; the water inlet system is used to inject liquid into the container containing the test medium, and the water outlet system is used to discharge liquid from the container.

3. The intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux according to claim 2, characterized in that, The test medium is contained in an experimental chamber; the experimental chamber is connected to a water storage tank through a pipeline, and the water inlet system and the water outlet system realize the liquid circulation between the experimental chamber and the water storage tank through the pipeline.

4. The intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux according to claim 3, characterized in that, The experimental chamber has a modular structure, with its bottom supported by a steel structure. The main detector array is located in the space below the steel structure at the bottom of the experimental chamber. The water inlet system includes a PE pipe with an inner diameter of 1 cm, a water inlet pump, and a water inlet controller. The drainage system includes a 4-point pipe, a drainage pump, and a drainage controller. The water inlet controller and the drainage controller are communicatively connected to the central processing unit. The level gauge is installed on the inner wall of the experimental chamber and is located close to its bottom.

5. The intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step S3, determining whether the data collection at the current water level meets preset conditions, includes: Determine whether the number of muon cases collected at the current water level reaches a first preset threshold, and / or determine whether the continuous measurement time at the current water level reaches a second preset threshold.

6. The intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux according to claim 5, characterized in that, When the central processing unit executes S2, it is specifically used for: When the target water level is higher than the actual water level, the water inlet system is activated; when the target water level is lower than the actual water level, the drainage system is activated.

7. The intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux according to claim 1, characterized in that, The S3 step involves collecting and monitoring muon flux data detected in real time by the muon detector, including: S31: Dynamic threshold compensation processing, which corrects the raw flux data detected by the muon detector in real time based on ambient temperature and humidity parameters; S32: Spatiotemporal feature extraction. Wavelet transform analysis is performed on the temporal muon flux data after S31 correction to extract its statistical features. S33: Multi-source data fusion decision-making. Applying the DS evidence theory, the features extracted in S32 and the monitoring data from the level gauge are fused to generate a comprehensive confidence level for evaluating data quality, and this confidence level is used to participate in the judgment in S3.

8. The intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preset measurement sequence is a series of discrete water level values ​​that start from the initial water level and increase to the maximum water level with a fixed step size.

9. The intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, The central processing unit is also configured to: after completing all preset measurement sequences, based on the relationship between the muon flux data collected at each water level point and the corresponding water level height, fit and generate a water level-muon flux attenuation calibration model.

10. An intelligent water level control method based on cosmic ray muon flux, characterized in that, The intelligent water level control device based on cosmic ray muon flux as described in any one of claims 1 to 9 is used, and the closed-loop control process is executed.

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