High-safety battery energy storage device and thermal management method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-safety battery energy storage device and a thermal management method thereof, and relates to the technical field of energy storage temperature control. The device is simple in structure, convenient to use and low in maintenance cost, and under normal conditions, cooling liquid flows through the interior of the battery pack through the pipeline and exchanges heat with the battery body, so that heat generated by the battery is taken away. When the temperature of the energy storage device rises abnormally, the control module controls the cooling liquid circulation system to increase the heat exchange efficiency, and the temperature difference is recovered to be within the set value. By controlling the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve on the inlet pipeline or the outlet pipeline, accurate temperature control over the single battery pack can be achieved. When the power of the pump is increased and the temperature difference continues to be increased and exceeds a threshold value, the control module cuts off the power supply of the battery energy storage device and the cooling liquid circulation system and opens the gas circulation system, so that the whole circuit is filled with inert gas, and the battery is in the inert gas atmosphere while heat generated by the battery is taken away by the inert gas; the combustion risk is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a high-safety battery energy storage device and its thermal management method, specifically to the field of thermal management technology for energy storage devices. Background Technology

[0002] Battery energy storage systems store excess electricity in batteries. A large number of batteries are placed in their dedicated battery packs. During the storage of electricity, the batteries need to be continuously charged, which causes the battery temperature to gradually rise. If the batteries work in a high-temperature environment for a long time, it will first reduce their lifespan, and at the same time, they may spontaneously combust, causing greater losses.

[0003] Currently, solutions for battery energy storage thermal management mainly include water cooling and air cooling, which remove the heat generated during battery energy storage through a heat exchange medium. CN120637688A discloses an energy storage battery thermal management system, including a coolant circulation system, a thermal oil circulation system, and a refrigerant circulation system. When the battery pack needs heat dissipation and cooling, the heat exchanged between the coolant and refrigerant is stored in the thermal oil. When the battery pack needs heating, the stored heat in the thermal oil is used to preheat the coolant, thereby improving the efficiency of the energy storage battery system.

[0004] The aforementioned thermal management system can achieve thermal management during battery energy storage, but it has the following shortcomings: First, the control is not precise enough. When individual battery packs overheat abnormally, it is impossible to accurately control the temperature of specific battery packs. Second, when individual battery packs experience thermal runaway, the oil in the tank will increase the risk of combustion, and the water-cooling or air-cooling methods used in the existing technology cannot effectively cope with this, resulting in a high risk of combustion. Third, it has a complex structure, high cost, and no early warning device. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to address the above-mentioned shortcomings by providing a high-safety battery energy storage device and its thermal management method that is simple in structure, can achieve precise temperature control of a single battery pack, reduces the risk of combustion, and can provide timely early warning.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a high-safety battery energy storage device, characterized in that it comprises: a battery pack, a coolant circulation system, a gas circulation system, and a control module; the battery pack includes a battery body, an inlet, and an outlet, with an inlet pipe at the inlet and an outlet pipe at the outlet; temperature sensors are respectively installed on the inlet and outlet pipes; the coolant circulation system includes a solenoid valve, a pump, and a storage tank, wherein the solenoid valve, pump, and storage tank are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet pipes via pipes, and the storage tank stores coolant; the gas circulation system includes a solenoid valve, an air pump, and a storage tank, wherein the solenoid valve, air pump, and storage tank are respectively connected to the inlet and outlet pipes via pipes; the storage tank stores inert gas; the control module is respectively connected to each solenoid valve, temperature sensor, pump, and air pump.

[0007] The battery pack contains several batteries.

[0008] The battery energy storage device includes several battery packs, and each battery pack is equipped with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe.

[0009] A solenoid valve is installed on the inlet or outlet pipe.

[0010] The storage tank is equipped with a level gauge, and the storage vessel is equipped with a pressure gauge.

[0011] A liquid flow meter or a gas flow meter is installed on the inlet or outlet pipe.

[0012] The battery energy storage device is equipped with an alarm device.

[0013] The coolant is water or antifreeze; the inert gas is one or more of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and rare gases.

[0014] A thermal management method for a high-safety battery energy storage device includes the following steps: Under normal circumstances, a control module controls the solenoid valve in the coolant system to open and the solenoid valve in the gas circulation system to close, allowing the coolant to flow through pipes into the battery pack and exchange heat with the battery body, carrying away the heat generated by the battery. When the temperature difference detected by the temperature sensors on the inlet and outlet pipes exceeds a set value, the control module controls the pump to increase its power and accelerate the coolant flow, thereby increasing the heat exchange efficiency and restoring the temperature difference to within the set value. When the temperature difference continues to increase beyond the threshold after the pump power is increased, the control module controls the power supply of the battery energy storage device to be cut off, terminating the charging and discharging process. At the same time, the control module controls the solenoid valve in the coolant system to close and the solenoid valve in the gas circulation system to open, allowing inert gas to fill the entire circuit. While relying on the inert gas to carry away the heat generated by the battery, the battery is kept in an inert gas atmosphere, reducing the risk of combustion.

[0015] When the detected temperature difference exceeds the preset value or threshold, the alarm device will issue an alarm signal.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This device features a simple structure, ease of use, and low maintenance costs. Under normal circumstances, coolant flows through pipes into the battery pack, exchanging heat with the battery body and removing the heat generated by the battery. When the energy storage device experiences abnormal temperature rise, the control module increases the power of the pump in the coolant circulation system, accelerating the coolant flow rate and thus increasing heat exchange efficiency, restoring the temperature difference to within the set value. If an individual battery pack experiences abnormal temperature rise, the coolant flow rate can be increased by controlling the opening of the solenoid valve on the inlet or outlet pipe, rapidly cooling the battery pack and achieving precise temperature control for individual battery packs. When the temperature difference continues to increase beyond the threshold after the pump power is increased, the control module cuts off the power supply to the battery energy storage device and the coolant circulation system, and opens the gas circulation system, filling the entire circuit with inert gas. This inert gas removes the heat generated by the battery while keeping the battery in an inert gas atmosphere, reducing the risk of combustion. An alarm device is installed to issue an alarm signal in the event of thermal runaway. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the high-safety battery energy storage device of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1-Battery pack, 2-Inlet pipe, 3-Outlet pipe, 4-Solenoid valve, 5-Pump, 6-Storage tank, 7-Solenoid valve, 8-Air pump, 9-Storage tank. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are merely some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] like Figure 1As shown, a high-safety battery energy storage device is characterized by comprising: a battery pack (1), a coolant circulation system, a gas circulation system, and a control module; the battery pack (1) includes a battery body, an inlet and an outlet, and an inlet pipe (2) is provided at the inlet and an outlet pipe (3) is provided at the outlet; temperature sensors are respectively provided on the inlet pipe (2) and the outlet pipe (3); the coolant circulation system includes a solenoid valve (4), a pump (5) and a storage tank (6), wherein the solenoid valve (4), the pump (5) and the storage tank (6) are respectively connected to the inlet pipe (2) and the outlet pipe (3) through pipes, and the storage tank (6) stores coolant; the gas circulation system includes a solenoid valve (7), an air pump (8) and a storage tank (9), wherein the solenoid valve (7), the air pump (8) and the storage tank (9) are respectively connected to the inlet pipe (2) and the outlet pipe (3) through pipes; the storage tank (9) stores inert gas; the control module is respectively connected to each solenoid valve, temperature sensor, pump (5) and air pump (8).

[0021] The coolant or gas flowing through the battery pack undergoes heat exchange, resulting in a temperature difference between the outlet and inlet temperatures. By installing temperature sensors on the inlet pipe (2) and outlet pipe (3), the temperature difference between the fluid at the inlet and outlet can be monitored in real time. The control module compares the real-time monitored temperature difference with a preset value or threshold, and then makes relevant decisions to achieve thermal management.

[0022] The battery pack (1) contains several batteries.

[0023] The battery energy storage device includes several battery packs (1), and each battery pack (1) is equipped with an inlet pipe (2) and an outlet pipe (3). In actual use, the number of battery packs can be increased or decreased according to the installed capacity of the energy storage device. During the increase or decrease, inlet pipes and outlet pipes are also set accordingly to ensure that coolant or inert gas can flow through the inside of each battery pack and to ensure the sealing of the entire circuit.

[0024] A solenoid valve is installed on the inlet pipe (2) or the outlet pipe (3). By installing the solenoid valve and combining it with the control module, the flow rate of coolant or gas into the battery pack can be controlled, thereby achieving precise temperature control of a single battery pack.

[0025] The storage tank (6) is equipped with a level gauge. The level gauge can be used to observe the amount of coolant stored in the storage tank, and coolant can be replenished in a timely manner according to the situation during operation.

[0026] The storage tank (9) is equipped with a pressure gauge. The pressure gauge is used to monitor the amount of gas in the storage tank and pipelines, and inert gas can be replenished in a timely manner according to the actual operating conditions.

[0027] A liquid flow meter or a gas flow meter is installed on the inlet pipe (2) or the outlet pipe (3). By installing a liquid flow meter or a gas flow meter, the flow rate of coolant or inert gas in the pipeline can be monitored in real time.

[0028] The battery energy storage device is equipped with an alarm system. When the detected temperature difference exceeds a preset value or a threshold, the alarm system issues an alarm signal. Furthermore, the alarm signal for a temperature difference exceeding the preset value is different from the alarm signal for a temperature difference exceeding the threshold, enabling on-site personnel to assess the risk level of thermal runaway based on the type of alarm signal.

[0029] Generally, the preset value is 5℃, and the threshold is 10℃. That is, when the temperature difference is less than or equal to 5℃, no alarm is triggered; when the temperature difference exceeds 5℃, the alarm device issues an alarm signal; when the temperature difference exceeds 10℃, the alarm device issues an alarm signal different from the previous one.

[0030] Furthermore, the preset values ​​can be 10℃, 15℃, and 20℃, and the threshold values ​​can also be 15℃, 20℃, and 25℃. While ensuring safe and efficient thermal management, the preset values ​​and threshold values ​​can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and the threshold values ​​are greater than the preset values.

[0031] The coolant is water or antifreeze; the inert gas is one or more of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and rare gases.

[0032] A thermal management method for a high-safety battery energy storage device includes the following steps: Under normal circumstances, the control module controls the solenoid valve (4) in the coolant system to open and the solenoid valve (7) in the gas circulation system to close. The coolant flows through the pipe into the battery pack and exchanges heat with the battery body, carrying away the heat generated by the battery. When the temperature difference detected by the temperature sensor on the inlet pipe (2) and the outlet pipe (3) exceeds the set value, the control module controls the pump (5) to increase the power and speed up the coolant flow, thereby increasing the heat exchange efficiency and restoring the temperature difference to within the set value. When the power of the pump (5) increases and the temperature difference continues to increase beyond the threshold, the control module controls the power supply of the battery energy storage device to be cut off, terminating the charging and discharging process. At the same time, the control module controls the solenoid valve (4) in the coolant system to close and the solenoid valve (7) in the gas circulation system to open, so that the inert gas fills the entire circuit. While relying on the inert gas to carry away the heat generated by the battery, the battery is placed in an inert gas atmosphere, reducing the risk of combustion.

[0033] When the detected temperature difference exceeds the preset value or threshold, the alarm device will issue an alarm signal.

[0034] The beneficial effects of this invention are: This device features a simple structure, ease of use, and low maintenance costs. Under normal circumstances, coolant flows through pipes into the battery pack, exchanging heat with the battery body and removing the heat generated by the battery. When the energy storage device experiences abnormal temperature rise, the control module increases the power of the pump in the coolant circulation system, accelerating the coolant flow rate and thus increasing heat exchange efficiency, restoring the temperature difference to within the set value. If an individual battery pack experiences abnormal temperature rise, the coolant flow rate can be increased by controlling the opening of the solenoid valve on the inlet or outlet pipe, rapidly cooling the battery pack and achieving precise temperature control for individual battery packs. When the temperature difference continues to increase beyond the threshold after the pump power is increased, the control module cuts off the power supply to the battery energy storage device and the coolant circulation system, and opens the gas circulation system, filling the entire circuit with inert gas. This inert gas removes the heat generated by the battery while keeping the battery in an inert gas atmosphere, reducing the risk of combustion. An alarm device is installed to issue an alarm signal in the event of thermal runaway.

[0035] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-safety battery energy storage device, characterized in that, include: Battery pack (1), coolant circulation system, gas circulation system, control module; The battery pack (1) includes a battery body, an inlet and an outlet, and an inlet pipe (2) is provided at the inlet and an outlet pipe (3) is provided at the outlet. Temperature sensors are respectively installed on the inlet pipe (2) and the outlet pipe (3); The coolant circulation system includes a solenoid valve (4), a pump (5) and a storage tank (6), wherein the solenoid valve (4), the pump (5) and the storage tank (6) are connected to the inlet pipe (2) and the outlet pipe (3) respectively through pipes, and the storage tank (6) stores coolant; The gas circulation system includes a solenoid valve (7), an air pump (8), and a storage tank (9), wherein the solenoid valve (7), the air pump (8), and the storage tank (9) are connected to the inlet pipe (2) and the outlet pipe (3) respectively through pipelines; the storage tank (9) stores inert gas; The control module is connected to each solenoid valve, temperature sensor, pump (5) and air pump (8).

2. The high-safety battery energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery pack (1) contains several batteries.

3. The high-safety battery energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery energy storage device includes several battery packs (1), and each battery pack (1) is provided with an inlet pipe (2) and an outlet pipe (3).

4. The high-safety battery energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A solenoid valve is installed on the inlet pipe (2) or the outlet pipe (3).

5. A high-safety battery energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The storage tank (6) is equipped with a level gauge, and the storage tank (9) is equipped with a pressure gauge.

6. A high-safety battery energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A liquid flow meter or a gas flow meter is installed on the inlet pipe (2) or the outlet pipe (3).

7. A high-safety battery energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The battery energy storage device is equipped with an alarm device.

8. A high-safety battery energy storage device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The coolant is water or antifreeze; the inert gas is one or more of nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and rare gases.

9. A thermal management method for a high-safety battery energy storage device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Under normal circumstances, the control module controls the solenoid valve (4) in the coolant system to open and the solenoid valve (7) in the gas circulation system to close. The coolant flows through the pipe into the battery pack and exchanges heat with the battery body, carrying away the heat generated by the battery. When the temperature difference detected by the temperature sensor on the inlet pipe (2) and the outlet pipe (3) exceeds the set value, the control module controls the pump (5) to increase the power and speed up the flow of coolant, thereby increasing the heat exchange efficiency and restoring the temperature difference to within the set value; When the power of the pump (5) increases and the temperature difference continues to increase beyond the threshold, the control module controls the power supply of the battery energy storage device to be cut off, and the charging and discharging process is terminated. At the same time, the control module controls the solenoid valve (4) in the coolant system to close and the solenoid valve (7) in the gas circulation system to open, so that the inert gas fills the entire circuit. While relying on the inert gas to remove the heat generated by the battery, the battery is placed in an inert gas atmosphere, reducing the risk of combustion.

10. A thermal management method according to claim 9, characterized in that, When the detected temperature difference exceeds the preset value or threshold, the alarm device will issue an alarm signal.

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