Non-reciprocal full-duplex filtering antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide and space-time modulation
By integrating waveguides and time-temperature control technology on substrates, filtering, looping, and radiation functions are integrated, solving the huge problems caused by device separation in wireless communication systems and realizing non-reciprocal transmission and high isolation of radio frequency signals.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610401059.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-30
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-12
AI Technical Summary
In modern wireless communication systems, the traditional cascaded architecture of filters, circulators, and antennas results in large systems, hindering miniaturization and reconfigurability. Furthermore, existing research has failed to achieve integrated design of filters, circulators, and antennas.
A non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna is designed using substrate integrated waveguide and time-controlled technology. It integrates a substrate integrated waveguide cavity, RF port, modulation port, low-pass filter, varactor diode, coupling varactor diode, matching capacitor and inductor to achieve integrated looping, filtering and radiation functions.
It integrates filtering, looping, and radiation functions, reduces device size, and features miniaturization and functional integration, enabling non-reciprocal transmission and high isolation of RF signals.
Smart Images
Figure CN122026068A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wireless communication technology, specifically relating to a non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide and time-conditioning mechanism. Background Technology
[0002] Full-duplex RF front-end systems in modern wireless communication systems have attracted much attention due to their ability to simultaneously transmit and receive signals from both the transmitter and receiver, thereby broadening the communication spectrum. Filters, circulators, and antennas are key components of the full-duplex RF front-end. However, traditional cascaded device architectures result in bulky system structures, and the complex matching circuitry hinders the miniaturization, reconfigurability, and multimodal development of modern wireless communication systems. The co-design approach for functional devices effectively solves this problem. It allows multiple different functions to be integrated into a single device, maintaining functional integrity while significantly reducing size. Currently, although there are reports of combining filters with isolators or circulators, mostly employing time-controlled techniques, research on integrating filters, circulators, and antennas has never been proposed. This approach effectively solves the problems of single operating modes and large size in current wireless systems and will become an effective path for future wireless system development. However, research on integrating filters, circulators, and antennas has never been proposed. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide and time-temperature control, in order to solve the problems of single working mode and large size of current wireless systems, and to realize the integrated design of loop, filtering and radiation functions.
[0004] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:
[0005] A non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide and time-temperature regulation includes: a substrate integrated waveguide cavity; three radio frequency ports, namely an antenna port, a receiving port, and a transmitting port; three modulation ports: a first modulation port, a second modulation port, and a third modulation port; three second-order low-pass filters: a first second-order low-pass filter, a second second-order low-pass filter, and a third second-order low-pass filter; two varactor diodes: a first varactor diode and a second varactor diode; three coupling varactor diodes: a first coupling varactor diode, a second coupling varactor diode, and a third coupling varactor diode; three matching capacitors: a first matching capacitor, a second matching capacitor, and a third matching capacitor; and three inductors: a first inductor, a second inductor, and a third inductor; wherein:
[0006] The top metal layer of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity is etched with a slot antenna, which constitutes the physical realization of the antenna port. Inside the substrate integrated waveguide cavity, three fan-shaped substrate integrated waveguide resonators are arranged in a ring, namely the first resonator, the second resonator, and the third resonator. The three resonators form the main framework of the ring coupling structure and jointly realize the filtering function, thus forming a resonant structure. Coupling slots are opened on the cavity wall between adjacent fan-shaped substrate integrated waveguide resonators to realize electromagnetic coupling between adjacent resonators.
[0007] The antenna port is directly coupled to the first resonator; the input of the first second-order low-pass filter is connected to the first modulation port, and the output is connected to the first resonator; one end of the first matching capacitor is connected to the connection node between the antenna port and the first resonator, and the other end is grounded; the first inductor is connected in series to the signal transmission path of the antenna port; the antenna port achieves impedance matching with free space through the geometry of the slot antenna, thereby forming the antenna path;
[0008] The transmitting port is coupled to the third resonator through the second varactor diode; the input of the third second-order low-pass filter is connected to the third modulation port, and the output is connected to the third resonator; one end of the third matching capacitor is connected to the connection node between the transmitting port and the third resonator, and the other end is grounded; the third inductor is connected in series in the signal transmission path of the transmitting port; the transmitting port achieves impedance matching with the external circuit through the third matching capacitor; thus forming the transmitting path;
[0009] The receiving port is coupled to the second resonator through the first varactor diode C2; the input of the second second-order low-pass filter is connected to the second modulation port, and the output is connected to the second resonator; one end of the second matching capacitor is connected to the connection node between the receiving port and the second resonator, and the other end is grounded; the second inductor is connected in series in the signal transmission path of the receiving port; the receiving port achieves impedance matching with the external circuit through the second matching capacitor; thus forming the receiving path;
[0010] The first coupling varactor diode is connected between the first resonator and the second resonator; the second coupling varactor diode is connected between the second resonator and the third resonator; and the third coupling varactor diode is connected between the first resonator and the third resonator, together forming a ring coupling structure.
[0011] Furthermore, the three sector-shaped substrate integrated waveguide resonators are all sector-shaped cavities with a central angle of 120°, and are arranged in a centrally symmetrical ring within the substrate integrated waveguide cavity.
[0012] Furthermore, adjacent fan-shaped substrate integrated waveguide resonators form electromagnetic coupling through coupling gaps, and the first coupling varactor diode, the second coupling varactor diode, and the third coupling varactor diode are respectively connected across the corresponding adjacent resonators to coordinately control the coupling strength between the resonators.
[0013] Furthermore, the first matching capacitor, the second matching capacitor, and the third matching capacitor are all parallel capacitors to ground, that is, one end of each matching capacitor is connected to the connection node between the corresponding RF port and the corresponding resonator, and the other end is grounded.
[0014] Furthermore, the first inductor, the second inductor, and the third inductor, together with the input structure of their respective RF ports, constitute an electromagnetic coupling structure for introducing transmission nulls, thereby improving the out-of-band suppression characteristics of the non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna.
[0015] Furthermore, the modulation signals with the same frequency, the same amplitude, and the progressive phase loaded through the first modulation port, the second modulation port, and the third modulation port excite the first resonator, the second resonator, and the third resonator to generate a time-limited modulation, thereby realizing the non-reciprocal transmission of radio frequency signals from the transmitting port to the antenna port and from the antenna port to the receiving port, and simultaneously realizing the isolation between the antenna port and the transmitting port and between the transmitting port and the receiving port.
[0016] This invention first constructs a non-reciprocal circulator based on time-space control technology to achieve directional transmission characteristics from Tx to Ant and from Ant to Rx, while simultaneously obtaining high isolation between the antenna port Ant and the transmitting port Tx, and between the transmitting port Tx and the receiving port Rx. Secondly, utilizing the filtering characteristics of a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW), bandpass filter responses are integrated into the transmission paths of the three ports to achieve low-loss transmission within the operating frequency band and effective suppression of out-of-band signals. Finally, a slot antenna structure is integrated at the Ant port to complete the spatial radiation and reception functions of the signal. Through the above design, this device achieves integrated circulation, filtering, and radiation functions.
[0017] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
[0018] 1. This invention constructs a resonant structure (filtering) based on substrate integrated waveguide technology, realizes non-reciprocal transmission (looping) using time-controlled technology, and etches a slot antenna (radiation) on the cavity surface, thereby integrating filtering, looping, and radiation functions on a single device;
[0019] 2. Traditional RF transceiver front-ends include filters, circulators, and antennas, requiring each of these three components to perform one of the functions, resulting in a bulky circuit. Compared to traditional components, this invention integrates filtering, circulator, and radiation functions of the RF transceiver front-end into a single device, combining functional integration with miniaturization. Attached Figure Description
[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a full-duplex filter antenna structure provided for an embodiment;
[0021] Figure 2 The equivalent circuit diagram of the full-duplex filter antenna provided for the embodiment;
[0022] Figure 3 The following are the S-parameter test results of the full-duplex filtered antenna operating at 2.65 GHz, provided in the embodiment; where a is a schematic diagram of the self-interference cancellation isolation and non-reciprocal transmission characteristics of the full-duplex filtered antenna when applied at 2.65 GHz; b is a schematic diagram of the Tx-Ant and Ant-Tx path transmission and isolation characteristics of the full-duplex filtered antenna when applied at 2.65 GHz; c is a schematic diagram of the Rx-Tx and Tx-Rx path transmission and isolation characteristics of the full-duplex filtered antenna when applied at 2.65 GHz.
[0023] Figure 4 This is a physical image of a full-duplex filtered antenna. Detailed Implementation
[0024] The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0025] like Figure 1 This embodiment provides a non-reciprocal full-duplex filtering antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide and time-temperature regulation, comprising: a substrate integrated waveguide cavity; three radio frequency ports: antenna port Ant, receiver port Rx, and transmitter port Tx, respectively; three modulation ports: a first modulation port, a second modulation port, and a third modulation port; three second-order low-pass filters: a first second-order low-pass filter, a second second-order low-pass filter, and a third second-order low-pass filter; two varactor diodes: a first varactor diode C2 and a second varactor diode C3; and three coupling varactor diodes: a first coupling varactor diode C... 12 Second coupling varactor diode C 23 and the third coupling varactor diode C 13 Three matching capacitors: first matching capacitor Cm1, second matching capacitor Cm2, and third matching capacitor Cm3; three inductors: first inductor L1, second inductor L2, and third inductor L3; where:
[0026] The top metal layer of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity is etched with a slot antenna with a length l2=80mm and a width w1=2mm. This slot antenna constitutes the physical realization of the antenna port Ant. Inside the substrate integrated waveguide cavity, three fan-shaped substrate integrated waveguide resonators are arranged in a ring, namely the first resonator R1, the second resonator R2, and the third resonator R3. The three resonators form the main framework of the ring coupling structure and jointly realize the filtering function, thus forming a resonant structure. Electromagnetic coupling slots are opened on the cavity wall between adjacent fan-shaped substrate integrated waveguide resonators to realize electromagnetic coupling between adjacent resonators. The cavity is surrounded by an array of metal vias.
[0027] The antenna port Ant is directly coupled to the first resonator R1; the input of the first second-order low-pass filter is connected to the first modulation port, and the output is connected to the first resonator R1; one end of the first matching capacitor Cm1 is connected to the connection node between the antenna port Ant and the first resonator R1, and the other end is grounded; the first inductor L1 is connected in series in the signal transmission path of the antenna port Ant; the antenna port Ant achieves impedance matching with free space through the geometry of the slot antenna, thereby forming the antenna path.
[0028] The transmitting port Tx is coupled to the third resonator R3 through the second varactor diode C3; the input of the third second-order low-pass filter is connected to the third modulation port, and the output is connected to the third resonator R3; one end of the third matching capacitor Cm3 is connected to the connection node between the transmitting port Tx and the third resonator R3, and the other end is grounded; the third inductor L3 is connected in series in the signal transmission path of the transmitting port Tx; the transmitting port Tx achieves impedance matching with the external circuit through the third matching capacitor Cm3, thereby forming the transmitting path.
[0029] The receiving port Rx is coupled to the second resonator R2 through the first varactor diode C2; the input of the second second-order low-pass filter is connected to the second modulation port, and the output is connected to the second resonator R2; one end of the second matching capacitor Cm2 is connected to the connection node between the receiving port Rx and the second resonator R2, and the other end is grounded; the second inductor L2 is connected in series in the signal transmission path of the receiving port Rx; the receiving port Rx achieves impedance matching with the external circuit through the second matching capacitor Cm2, thereby forming a receiving path.
[0030] The first coupling varactor diode C 12 Connected between the first resonator R1 and the second resonator R2; the second coupling varactor diode C 23 The third coupling varactor diode C is connected between the second resonator R2 and the third resonator R3. 13It is connected between the first resonator R1 and the third resonator R3. Together, the three form a ring-shaped time-varying coupling structure, and work in conjunction with the cavity structure with a length l1=60mm to realize the dynamic control of the coupling strength between the resonators.
[0031] The three sector-shaped substrate integrated waveguide resonators are all sector-shaped cavities with a central angle of 120°, and are arranged in a centrally symmetrical ring within the substrate integrated waveguide cavity; adjacent sector-shaped substrate integrated waveguide resonators are coupled to varactor diodes C via electromagnetic coupling gaps. 12 C 23 and C 13 A hybrid coupling is formed, and the coupling strength is controlled by the bias voltage of the varactor diode.
[0032] The first matching capacitor Cm1, the second matching capacitor Cm2 and the third matching capacitor Cm3 are all parallel capacitors to ground, that is, one end of each matching capacitor is connected to the connection node between the corresponding RF port and the corresponding resonator, and the other end is grounded.
[0033] The first inductor L1, the second inductor L2, and the third inductor L3, together with the input structure of their respective RF ports, constitute an electromagnetic coupling structure for introducing transmission nulls, thereby improving the out-of-band suppression characteristics of the non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna.
[0034] Modulation signals with the same frequency, the same amplitude, and a progressive phase difference (0° / 120° / 240°) loaded through the first modulation port, the second modulation port, and the third modulation port excite the first resonator R1, the second resonator R2, and the third resonator R3 to generate time-controlled modulation, thereby realizing non-reciprocal transmission of radio frequency signals from the transmit port Tx to the antenna port Ant and from the antenna port Ant to the receive port Rx, while simultaneously achieving isolation from the antenna port Ant to the transmit port Tx and from the transmit port Tx to the receive port Rx.
[0035] This invention employs a varactor diode combined with substrate integrated waveguide technology. The substrate material is Rogers 5880 with a thickness of 0.508 mm. The operating frequencies of resonators R1, R2, and R3 are determined by the dimensions of the substrate integrated waveguide resonant cavity. Key dimensions include: the radial length l0 of the sector resonators R1, R2, and R3 (14.8 mm), the total length of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity l1 (60 mm), the length of the slot antenna l2 (80 mm), the width of the sector resonator w0 (4.7 mm), the width of the slot antenna w1 (2 mm), the width of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity w2 (4.3 mm), and the width of the electromagnetic coupling slot w. m=1.5mm; External port coupling is achieved using varactor diodes C2 / C3, specifically MACOM's MA46H204 model varactor diodes; Coupling between each pair of resonators is also achieved using coupling varactor diodes C. 12 C 23 and C 13 To achieve this, MACOM's MA46H202 varactor diode was selected; the remaining fixed components, namely inductors L1, L2, L3 and capacitors Cm1, Cm2, Cm3, were high-Q surface mount inductors and capacitors from Murata.
[0036] In the embodiments of the present invention, all varactor diodes C2, C3 and C 12 C 23 C 13 The bias state is controlled by the external bias voltage. By adjusting the magnitude of the external bias voltage, the capacitance value of the varactor diode can be changed, thereby achieving dynamic control of the signal coupling strength and operating frequency.
[0037] Figure 2 The equivalent circuit diagram of the full-duplex filtered antenna provided for this embodiment is used to clearly illustrate the radio frequency signal transmission path, timing control mechanism, and filter matching network. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the equivalent circuit is based on a ring resonant coupling structure and includes three RF ports, three modulation ports, and multiple sets of adjustable components. The three RF ports are the antenna port AntPort, the receiver port Rx, and the transmitter port Tx. The antenna port AntPort corresponds to the slot antenna in the physical layout and is connected to the apex of the ring resonant structure through a matching network Za, which is equivalent to the resonator R3 and the slot antenna, to achieve RF signal radiation and reception. The receiver port Rx serves as the signal receiving port and is connected to the ring resonant structure through a series varactor diode J0, a 100pF DC blocking capacitor, and a matching network Zs to achieve impedance matching with the external 50Ω system. The transmitter port Tx serves as the signal transmitting port, and its structure is symmetrical to that of the Rx port. It is also connected to the ring resonant structure through a varactor diode J0, a DC blocking capacitor, and a matching network Zs. In the ring time-varying coupling structure, the three resonators are equivalent to a ring frame and are coupled through a coupling varactor diode M across the adjacent resonators. 12 M 23 and M 13 This forms a closed loop, with the coupling strength dynamically adjusted by the bias voltage of the varactor diode, providing the core mechanism for non-reciprocal transmission. The three modulation ports are connected to their respective resonators via second-order low-pass filters, used to load modulation signals with the same frequency, amplitude, and progressive phase difference (0° / 120° / 240°) to excite the resonators to generate the timing control. Each port path is connected in series with an inductor Lj (1nH) and a coupling inductor L. 12 L13 L 23 (25nH), and in conjunction with parallel matching capacitors to ground (9pF, 1.5pF, 8pF) to introduce transmission zeros to improve out-of-band suppression performance; the time-controlled signal breaks the time reversal symmetry, so that the radio frequency signal is preferentially transmitted along the Tx→Ant→Rx direction, while achieving high isolation in the Ant→Tx and Tx→Rx directions, thereby completing full-duplex communication.
[0038] Figure 3 To illustrate the overall filtering and non-reciprocal transmission characteristics of the designed loop filter antenna, diagram a shows the self-interference cancellation isolation and non-reciprocal transmission characteristics of the full-duplex filter antenna in a 2.65GHz application; diagram b shows the Tx-Ant and Ant-Tx path transmission and isolation characteristics of the full-duplex filter antenna in a 2.65GHz application; and diagram c shows the Rx-Tx and Tx-Rx path transmission and isolation characteristics of the full-duplex filter antenna in a 2.65GHz application. Figure 4 This is a physical diagram of a full-duplex filtered antenna. From... Figure 3 As can be seen from 'a', in the 2.65GHz application scenario, the Ant-Rx path exhibits good transmission characteristics, and the Rx-Ant path exhibits good isolation characteristics. Both paths demonstrate significant non-reciprocal transmission characteristics, clearly showcasing the core performance advantages of this invention in the target application frequency band. From... Figure 3 Figure (b) illustrates the Tx-Ant and Ant-Tx path transmission and isolation characteristics of the full-duplex filtered antenna in a 2.65 GHz application according to the embodiment. Figure 3 As can be seen from b in the diagram, in the 2.65GHz application scenario, the Tx-Ant path has good transmission characteristics, and the Ant-Tx path has good isolation characteristics. Both paths exhibit obvious non-reciprocal transmission characteristics, further confirming the non-reciprocal performance of this invention. From... Figure 3 (c) illustrates the Rx-Tx and Tx-Rx path transmission and isolation characteristics of the full-duplex filtered antenna in a 2.65 GHz application according to the embodiment. Figure 3 As shown in 'c', in the 2.65GHz application scenario, the Rx-Tx path exhibits good transmission characteristics, and the Tx-Rx path exhibits good isolation characteristics. Both paths demonstrate clear non-reciprocal transmission characteristics, thus further illustrating the non-reciprocal transmission performance of this invention. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As can be seen, the non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna in this embodiment can achieve simultaneous transmission of signals at the same frequency.
[0039] This invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. If any modifications or variations to the invention do not depart from the spirit and scope of the invention, and if such modifications and variations fall within the scope of the claims and equivalent technologies of the invention, then the invention also intends to include such modifications and variations.
Claims
1. A non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide and time-space control, characterized in that, include: A substrate-integrated waveguide cavity; There are three radio frequency ports: antenna port Ant, receiver port Rx, and transmitter port Tx. Three modulation ports: first modulation port, second modulation port, and third modulation port; three second-order low-pass filters: first second-order low-pass filter, second second-order low-pass filter, and third second-order low-pass filter; two varactor diodes: first varactor diode C2 and second varactor diode C3; three coupling varactor diodes: first coupling varactor diode C12, second coupling varactor diode C23, and third coupling varactor diode C13; three matching capacitors: first matching capacitor Cm1, second matching capacitor Cm2, and third matching capacitor Cm3; three inductors: first inductor L1, second inductor L2, and third inductor L3; wherein: The top metal layer of the substrate integrated waveguide cavity is etched with a slot antenna, which constitutes the physical realization of the antenna port Ant. Inside the substrate integrated waveguide cavity, three fan-shaped substrate integrated waveguide resonators are arranged in a ring, namely the first resonator R1, the second resonator R2, and the third resonator R3. The three resonators form the main framework of the ring coupling structure and jointly realize the filtering function, thus forming a resonant structure. Coupling slots are opened on the cavity wall between adjacent fan-shaped substrate integrated waveguide resonators to realize electromagnetic coupling between adjacent resonators. The antenna port Ant is directly coupled to the first resonator R1; the input of the first second-order low-pass filter is connected to the first modulation port, and the output is connected to the first resonator R1; one end of the first matching capacitor Cm1 is connected to the connection node between the antenna port Ant and the first resonator R1, and the other end is grounded; the first inductor L1 is connected in series in the signal transmission path of the antenna port Ant; the antenna port Ant achieves impedance matching with free space through the geometry of the slot antenna, thereby forming the antenna path; The transmitting port Tx is coupled to the third resonator R3 through the second varactor diode C3; the input of the third second-order low-pass filter is connected to the third modulation port, and the output is connected to the third resonator R3; one end of the third matching capacitor Cm3 is connected to the connection node between the transmitting port Tx and the third resonator R3, and the other end is grounded; the third inductor L3 is connected in series in the signal transmission path of the transmitting port Tx; the transmitting port Tx achieves impedance matching with the external circuit through the third matching capacitor Cm3; thus forming the transmitting path; The receiving port Rx is coupled to the second resonator R2 through the first varactor diode C2; the input of the second second-order low-pass filter is connected to the second modulation port, and the output is connected to the second resonator R2; one end of the second matching capacitor Cm2 is connected to the connection node between the receiving port Rx and the second resonator R2, and the other end is grounded; the second inductor L2 is connected in series in the signal transmission path of the receiving port Rx; the receiving port Rx achieves impedance matching with the external circuit through the second matching capacitor Cm2; thus forming a receiving path; The first coupling varactor diode C12 is connected between the first resonator R1 and the second resonator R2; the second coupling varactor diode C23 is connected between the second resonator R2 and the third resonator R3; the third coupling varactor diode C13 is connected between the first resonator R1 and the third resonator R3, and the three together form a ring coupling structure.
2. The non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide and time-controlled adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The three sector-shaped substrate integrated waveguide resonators are all sector-shaped cavities with a central angle of 120°, and are arranged in a centrally symmetrical ring within the substrate integrated waveguide cavity.
3. The non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide and time-controlled adjustment according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, Adjacent fan-shaped substrate integrated waveguide resonators are electromagnetically coupled through coupling gaps, and the first coupling varactor diode C12, the second coupling varactor diode C23 and the third coupling varactor diode C13 are respectively connected across the corresponding adjacent resonators to coordinately control the coupling strength between the resonators.
4. The non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide and time-controlled adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first matching capacitor Cm1, the second matching capacitor Cm2 and the third matching capacitor Cm3 are all parallel capacitors to ground, that is, one end of each matching capacitor is connected to the connection node between the corresponding RF port and the corresponding resonator, and the other end is grounded.
5. The non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide and time-controlled adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first inductor L1, the second inductor L2, and the third inductor L3, together with the input structure of their respective RF ports, constitute an electromagnetic coupling structure for introducing transmission nulls, thereby improving the out-of-band suppression characteristics of the non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna.
6. The non-reciprocal full-duplex filter antenna based on substrate integrated waveguide and time-controlled adjustment according to claim 1, characterized in that, Modulation signals with the same frequency, amplitude, and progressive phase loaded through the first modulation port, second modulation port, and third modulation port excite the first resonator R1, second resonator R2, and third resonator R3 to generate time-controlled modulation, thereby realizing non-reciprocal transmission of radio frequency signals from the transmit port Tx to the antenna port Ant and from the antenna port Ant to the receive port Rx, while simultaneously achieving isolation between the antenna port Ant and the transmit port Tx and between the transmit port Tx and the receive port Rx.