Plant composite disinfecting and killing device and disinfecting and killing method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of plant protection, in particular to a plant composite disinfecting and killing device and a disinfecting and killing method. The plant composite disinfecting and killing device comprises a closed storage, a carbon dioxide release system, a high-temperature steam system, a ventilation regulation and control module, an intelligent monitoring module and a central controller, a containing cavity is formed in the closed storage, and a supporting assembly used for bearing plants is arranged in the containing cavity; the carbon dioxide release system is used for releasing carbon dioxide into the accommodating cavity; the high-temperature steam system is used for spraying high-temperature steam into the accommodating cavity; the ventilation regulation and control module is used for regulating gas in the accommodating cavity and replacing gas inside and outside the accommodating cavity; the intelligent monitoring module comprises a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor which are arranged in the accommodating cavity; the plant composite killing device provided by the invention can effectively kill plant mite pests and pathogenic bacteria, does not need to be moved out in the middle, avoids secondary pollution, and improves the killing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of plant protection technology, and in particular to a plant composite pest control device and method. Background Technology

[0002] During seedling production, seedlings are susceptible to pests and diseases, affecting survival rates and quality. Mites, such as two-spotted spider mites and tarsiers, cause leaf chlorosis, curling, and drop by sucking plant sap. Fungal diseases, such as anthracnose, powdery mildew, and gray mold, spread through spores, forming lesions on leaves and stems, weakening plant growth. While traditional chemical pesticides are fast-acting, pesticide residues pose a threat to food safety and the ecological environment, and long-term use leads to pesticide resistance in pests. Carbon dioxide fumigation technology uses high concentrations of carbon dioxide to inhibit the respiratory system of pests, thus killing mites. High-temperature steam treatment technology uses heat to denature and inactivate pathogen proteins, killing mycelia and spores. Both of these physical control methods leave no chemical residues. Existing carbon dioxide fumigation devices can only kill mites and have no effect on fungal diseases. Seedling bases need to apply chemical fungicides after carbon dioxide fumigation. Existing high-temperature steam sterilization devices require steam temperatures exceeding 60℃ to achieve ideal sterilization results. However, this high temperature causes leaf burn, stem wilting, and root damage, leading to low seedling survival rates. Some devices employ separate treatments of carbon dioxide fumigation and steam sterilization, but these require moving seedlings in and out separately, making the process cumbersome and taking over 48 hours per batch. Furthermore, the seedlings are exposed to the external environment between treatments, posing a risk of secondary contamination. Existing devices lack intelligent monitoring and precise control functions; treatment parameters are fixed or manually adjusted based on experience, resulting in significant fluctuations in environmental parameters. This leads to unstable sterilization effects or high plant damage rates due to improper parameter control. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a plant composite pest control device and method. The plant composite pest control device provided by this invention can effectively disinfect plant mites and pathogens, avoids secondary pollution by eliminating the need for intermediate handling, is easy to operate, and improves pest control efficiency.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a plant composite disinfection device, comprising: a sealed chamber, wherein a receiving cavity is provided inside the sealed chamber, and a support component for supporting plants is provided inside the receiving cavity; a carbon dioxide release system, connected to the sealed chamber, for releasing carbon dioxide into the receiving cavity; a high-temperature steam system, connected to the sealed chamber, for injecting high-temperature steam into the receiving cavity; a ventilation control module, connected to the sealed chamber, for regulating the gas inside the receiving cavity and displacing the gas inside and outside the receiving cavity; an intelligent monitoring module, including a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor disposed inside the receiving cavity; and a central controller electrically connected to the carbon dioxide release system, the high-temperature steam system, the ventilation control module, and the intelligent monitoring module.

[0005] In one possible implementation, the ventilation control module includes: a circulating fan; a ventilation duct, disposed within the receiving cavity, the ventilation duct being connected to the output end of the circulating fan, the ventilation duct having multiple air outlets; and a baffle plate, disposed within the receiving cavity, for guiding the airflow within the receiving cavity to circulate.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the sealed storage chamber has a vent that communicates with the containment cavity, and a filter assembly is installed at the vent; the ventilation control module also includes an exhaust fan that is connected to the sealed storage chamber.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the high-temperature steam system includes: a steam generator; a collection tank disposed at the bottom of the receiving cavity for collecting condensate; and a heat exchanger including a first pipe and a second pipe for exchanging heat with each other, the first pipe being connected to the collection tank and the second pipe being connected to the water inlet of the steam generator.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the intelligent monitoring module further includes a crop status monitoring component, which includes: an image acquisition unit, disposed within the housing cavity, for acquiring images of plant leaves; and an image recognition unit, electrically connected to the image acquisition unit and the central controller, for recognizing the color, shape, and texture features of the leaves.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the central controller also includes a program storage module that stores treatment parameter templates for different plant types. The treatment parameter templates include preset values ​​for carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, humidity, and treatment time. The central controller automatically calls the corresponding treatment parameter template based on the input crop type and makes dynamic fine adjustments based on real-time monitoring data from the intelligent monitoring module.

[0010] In one possible implementation, a humidity zoning control component is also included, comprising: multiple independently controlled spray units distributed at different heights or in different areas within the containment cavity; multiple independently controlled dehumidification units connected to the ventilation control module; and a central controller controlling the spray volume of each spray unit and the dehumidification rate of each dehumidification unit based on humidity data from different areas fed back by the intelligent monitoring module.

[0011] In one possible implementation, an ultrasonic-assisted disinfection component is also included, comprising: an ultrasonic transducer disposed within the accommodating cavity, for generating ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 20-50 kHz and a power of 50-150 W; and a central controller controlling the ultrasonic transducer to be synchronously activated during the injection of high-temperature steam.

[0012] In one possible implementation, a photocatalytic synergistic disinfection component is also included. This component comprises: an ultraviolet lamp, disposed within the containment cavity, with an emission wavelength of 254-280 nm; a blue LED strip, disposed within the containment cavity, with an emission wavelength of 400-470 nm; and a light intensity regulator electrically connected to the ultraviolet lamp, the blue LED strip, and the central controller. The central controller controls the ultraviolet lamp and the blue LED strip to be turned on synchronously during the injection of high-temperature steam, and adjusts the light intensity through the light intensity regulator based on crop status data fed back by the intelligent monitoring module. When signs of light damage to the crop are detected, the light intensity is reduced or the illumination time is shortened.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention provides a plant compound pest control method, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Place the plants into the sealed storage chamber and activate the ventilation control module for pre-ventilation to reduce the initial humidity in the storage chamber; S2. Turn off the ventilation control module, start the carbon dioxide release system to release carbon dioxide into the containment cavity, maintain for the preset time, and carry out mite removal treatment. S3. Stop carbon dioxide release, activate the ventilation control module to perform ventilation replacement, and reduce the carbon dioxide concentration in the containment cavity to no more than 5% by volume. S4. Turn off the ventilation control module, start the high-temperature steam system to inject high-temperature steam into the cavity, maintain the preset temperature and humidity, and carry out sterilization. S5. Stop the high-temperature steam injection, start the ventilation control module for secondary ventilation, reduce the humidity in the containment cavity, and remove the treated plants.

[0014] In one possible implementation, in step S2, the carbon dioxide concentration is 40%-75% by volume, the temperature is 15℃-30℃, and the treatment time is 18-30 hours.

[0015] In one possible implementation, in step S2, the carbon dioxide concentration is 60%-75% by volume, the temperature is 20℃-25℃, and the treatment time is 20-26 hours.

[0016] In one possible implementation, in step S4, the steam temperature is 45°C-55°C, the relative humidity is 90%-100%, and the processing time is 10-18 minutes.

[0017] In one possible implementation, in step S4, the steam temperature is 48°C-52°C, the relative humidity is 95%-100%, and the processing time is 10-15 minutes.

[0018] In one possible implementation, an intelligent parameter adjustment step is also included. The intelligent monitoring module monitors the temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and crop status in the containment chamber in real time. When the carbon dioxide concentration deviates from the preset range, the release rate of the carbon dioxide release system is automatically adjusted. When the temperature or humidity deviates from the preset range, the injection volume of the high-temperature steam system or the ventilation rate of the ventilation control module is automatically adjusted. When the crop shows a stress response, the intensity of the current treatment stage is reduced or the treatment time is shortened.

[0019] In one possible implementation, during the high-temperature steam sterilization stage, ultrasonic-assisted disinfection is simultaneously activated, with an ultrasonic frequency of 20-50 kHz and a power of 50-150 W.

[0020] In one possible implementation, during the high-temperature steam sterilization stage, photocatalytic synergistic disinfection is simultaneously activated, using a combination of ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 254-280 nm and blue light with a wavelength of 400-470 nm, with a light intensity of 5-15 mW / cm². 2 The irradiation time is 7-12 minutes.

[0021] The plant composite pest control device provided by this invention features a sealed chamber that isolates the plants from the outside environment. Support components within the chamber hold the plants, ensuring their stability during treatment. A carbon dioxide release system releases a high concentration of carbon dioxide into the chamber, hindering the respiration of mites and disrupting their intracellular acid-base balance, ultimately leading to suffocation and death. A high-temperature steam system injects high-temperature steam into the chamber; the heat in the steam denatures and inactivates the proteins of pathogens, and the high humidity accelerates heat transfer into the pathogen cells. A ventilation control module plays different roles at different treatment stages: pre-ventilation to reduce initial humidity before carbon dioxide mite removal; ventilation to displace residual carbon dioxide between mite removal and sterilization; and post-ventilation to reduce humidity after sterilization. Temperature, humidity, and carbon dioxide concentration sensors in the intelligent monitoring module transmit real-time data to a central controller. The central controller uses this data to regulate the operation of the carbon dioxide release system, high-temperature steam system, and ventilation control module, effectively eliminating plant mites and pathogens without the need for intermediate handling, thus avoiding secondary contamination. The device is easy to operate and improves pest control efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a top view schematic diagram of a plant composite disinfection device provided by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a control relationship diagram of a plant composite disinfection device provided by the present invention.

[0025] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a high-temperature steam system provided by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 4 This is a flowchart of a plant-based compound disinfection method provided by the present invention.

[0027] Figure label: 1. Sealed storage chamber; 11. Filter assembly; 12. Support assembly; 2. Carbon dioxide release system; 3. High-temperature steam system; 31. Steam generator; 32. Collection tank; 33. Heat exchanger; 4. Ventilation control module; 41. Circulating fan; 42. Ventilation duct; 43. Baffle plate; 44. Exhaust fan; 5. Intelligent monitoring module; 51. Temperature sensor; 52. Humidity sensor; 53. Carbon dioxide concentration sensor; 54. Image acquisition unit; 55. Image recognition unit; 6. Central controller; 61. Program storage module; 7. Humidity zone control component; 8. Ultrasonic-assisted disinfection components; 9. Photocatalytic synergistic disinfection component. Detailed Implementation

[0028] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0029] The following is combined Figures 1 to 3 The present invention describes a plant composite disinfection device, comprising: a sealed chamber 1, wherein the sealed chamber 1 has a receiving cavity, and a support component 12 for supporting plants is provided in the receiving cavity; a carbon dioxide release system 2, connected to the sealed chamber 1, for releasing carbon dioxide into the receiving cavity; a high-temperature steam system 3, connected to the sealed chamber 1, for injecting high-temperature steam into the receiving cavity; a ventilation control module 4, connected to the sealed chamber 1, for regulating the gas in the receiving cavity and displacing the gas inside and outside the receiving cavity; an intelligent monitoring module 5, including a temperature sensor 51, a humidity sensor 52, and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor 53 disposed in the receiving cavity; and a central controller 6, electrically connected to the carbon dioxide release system 2, the high-temperature steam system 3, the ventilation control module 4, and the intelligent monitoring module 5.

[0030] In this invention, the sealed chamber 1 provides a treatment space isolated from the outside world for the plants. Support components within the chamber support the plants, ensuring their stability during treatment. The carbon dioxide release system 2 releases a high concentration of carbon dioxide into the chamber. In this high-concentration environment, mites experience respiratory obstruction, disrupting their intracellular acid-base balance and ultimately leading to suffocation and death. The high-temperature steam system 3 injects high-temperature steam into the chamber. The heat in the steam denatures and inactivates the proteins of pathogens, and the high humidity accelerates heat transfer into the pathogen cells. The ventilation control module 4 plays different roles at different treatment stages: pre-ventilation to reduce initial humidity before carbon dioxide mite removal; ventilation to displace residual carbon dioxide between mite removal and sterilization; and post-ventilation to reduce humidity after sterilization. The temperature sensor 51, humidity sensor 52, and carbon dioxide concentration sensor 53 in the intelligent monitoring module 5 transmit real-time data to the central controller 6. The central controller 6 uses this data to regulate the operation of the carbon dioxide release system 2, the high-temperature steam system 3, and the ventilation control module 4.

[0031] Specifically, the sealed storage chamber 1 is constructed with heat-insulating materials to reduce heat loss during the processing. The support component 12 can be a multi-layered seedling tray support or a grid-like support platform, selected according to the planting method. The carbon dioxide release system 2 includes a carbon dioxide storage tank, a pressure regulating valve, and release pipes; the release rate of carbon dioxide is controlled by adjusting the pressure regulating valve. The high-temperature steam system 3 includes a steam generator 31 and nozzles distributed within the containment chamber; the position and number of nozzles are determined by the volume of the containment chamber to ensure that steam can evenly cover all plants. The ventilation control module 4 includes an air inlet, an air outlet, and a fan; the fan drives air to flow inside and outside the containment chamber.

[0032] In one specific embodiment, a seedling nursery was cultivating tomato seedlings. Before transplanting, adult spider mites and their eggs were found on the undersides of some seedling leaves. 500 tomato seedlings were placed in a containment chamber, and the ventilation control module 4 was activated for 5 minutes of pre-ventilation, reducing the humidity from 85% to 70%. After closing the ventilation control module 4, the carbon dioxide release system 2 was activated, and the carbon dioxide concentration in the containment chamber rose to 65% by volume within 10 minutes, while the temperature was maintained at 22°C for 24 hours. After stopping the carbon dioxide release, the ventilation control module 4 was activated again for 15 minutes of ventilation replacement, reducing the carbon dioxide concentration to below 3% by volume. The ventilation control module 4 was closed, and the high-temperature steam system 3 was activated, raising the temperature in the containment chamber to 50°C and the humidity to 98%, maintaining this for 12 minutes. After stopping the steam injection, the ventilation control module 4 was activated again for 10 minutes of post-ventilation, reducing the humidity to below 75%. The treated tomato seedlings were removed, and microscopic examination revealed that all adult spider mites and their eggs were dead, and no gray mold mycelium was found on the leaf surface. The survival rate of the seedlings after transplanting reached 98%.

[0033] In related technologies, plant pest control mainly relies on chemical pesticide spraying, requiring multiple applications to achieve the desired effect, resulting in significant pesticide residue problems. Some seedling bases use single high-temperature or low-temperature treatments, but high temperatures easily cause crop wilting, while prolonged low-temperature treatments reduce production efficiency. Ozone disinfection is also used, but ozone causes oxidative damage to crop leaves, and improper concentration control can lead to leaf yellowing.

[0034] In this embodiment of the invention, carbon dioxide mite removal and high-temperature steam sterilization are carried out in stages. Carbon dioxide has a selective suffocation effect on mites, causing less damage to crops, and the treatment temperature is low, preventing heat stress in crops. The temperature of the high-temperature steam sterilization stage is controlled within the crop's tolerance range, and the treatment time is short, avoiding prolonged high-temperature exposure. The ventilation control module 4 switches the gas environment between stages, ensuring the disinfection effect while reducing mutual interference between different treatment methods. The intelligent monitoring module 5 and the central controller 6 realize automated control of the treatment process, reducing human error. The entire treatment process does not use chemical pesticides, avoiding pesticide residue problems.

[0035] Among them, the enclosed warehouse 1 can be a fixed container, such as a shipping container, which can be moved to the required location for operation.

[0036] Optionally, the sealed storage chamber 1 can use a flexible inflatable shell with pre-drilled interfaces for on-site connection to the carbon dioxide release system 2 and the high-temperature steam system 3. This reduces space occupation and transportation costs. After being moved to the required location, the interior is expanded by inflation to form the sealed storage chamber 1, and then the support components 12 and plants are transferred into the sealed storage chamber 1. For some green plants and trees that require pest control, the flexible inflatable shell can also be placed over the green plants and trees to directly carry out pest control treatment inside.

[0037] Furthermore, it also includes solar panels, which provide power to the disinfection device and are effectively suitable for field operations. After the disinfection device is moved to the required location, the solar panels provide power to the device's electrical components, eliminating the need for additional wiring and enabling rapid operation.

[0038] In some embodiments, the ventilation control module 4 includes: a circulating fan 41; a ventilation duct 42 disposed in the receiving cavity, the ventilation duct 42 being connected to the output end of the circulating fan 41, and the ventilation duct 42 having multiple air outlets; and a guide plate 43 disposed in the receiving cavity for guiding the airflow within the receiving cavity to circulate.

[0039] In this invention, the ventilation control module 4 drives gas flow through a circulating fan 41. The output end of the circulating fan 41 is connected to a ventilation duct 42, which is arranged along the inner wall of the receiving cavity. Multiple air outlets in the ventilation duct 42 deliver air to different locations within the receiving cavity. After the gas is ejected from the air outlets, a guide plate 43 guides the airflow to change its direction, forming a circulating airflow pattern within the receiving cavity. The circulating airflow carries carbon dioxide or high-temperature vapor to all corners, preventing local concentrations from being too high or too low.

[0040] Specifically, the circulating fan 41 can be a centrifugal fan or an axial fan, with its power selected based on the volume of the cavity and the required airflow. The ventilation duct 42 is made of temperature- and corrosion-resistant material, and its cross-section is circular or square. Air outlets are evenly distributed along the length of the ventilation duct 42, and their diameter is calculated based on the required airflow velocity; the number of outlets is generally 10-30. The guide plate 43 is a flat or arc-shaped plate structure, fixed to the inner wall of the cavity or suspended within the cavity. The guide plate 43 forms a certain angle with the airflow direction, ranging from 30° to 60°. The material of the guide plate 43 can be stainless steel, aluminum alloy, or high-temperature resistant plastic.

[0041] In this embodiment of the invention, the circulating fan 41, in conjunction with the ventilation duct 42 with multiple air outlets, achieves multi-point uniform air delivery. The guide plate 43 guides the airflow in a circulating manner, avoiding turbulence and dead zones. The circulating airflow pattern allows carbon dioxide or high-temperature steam to quickly cover the entire containment cavity, shortening the time it takes for the gas concentration or temperature to reach equilibrium. The circulating airflow also promotes heat and mass transfer, improving disinfection efficiency. The ventilation duct 42 and the guide plate 43 have simple structures, are easy to manufacture, and are convenient to maintain.

[0042] In some embodiments, the sealed storage chamber 1 has a vent that communicates with the containment cavity, and a filter assembly 11 is provided at the vent; the ventilation control module 4 also includes an exhaust fan 44 that communicates with the sealed storage chamber 1.

[0043] In this invention, the ventilation opening of the sealed chamber 1 is connected to the containing cavity. A filter assembly 11 installed at the ventilation opening filters the external air entering the containing cavity, trapping impurities such as dust particles, pollen, and mold spores. An exhaust fan 44 is connected to the sealed chamber 1. During operation, the exhaust fan 44 actively extracts gas from the containing cavity, accelerating the gas replacement speed. In the pre-ventilation stage, the exhaust fan 44 discharges the high-humidity air from the containing cavity, while low-humidity external air enters the containing cavity after being filtered by the filter assembly 11, reducing the initial humidity. In the ventilation replacement stage, the exhaust fan 44 discharges the high-concentration carbon dioxide from the containing cavity, while filtered external air enters, rapidly reducing the carbon dioxide concentration. In the post-ventilation stage, the exhaust fan 44 discharges the high-humidity, high-temperature air from the containing cavity, while filtered external air enters, rapidly reducing the humidity.

[0044] Specifically, the size of the vent is determined based on the airflow of the exhaust fan 44, and the vent area should be larger than the air inlet area of ​​the exhaust fan 44 to avoid excessive airflow resistance. The filter assembly 11 includes a pre-filter and a medium-efficiency filter. The pre-filter traps large particles, while the medium-efficiency filter traps fine particles and microorganisms. The pre-filter has a filtration accuracy of 10 microns, and the medium-efficiency filter has a filtration accuracy of 5 microns. The filter assembly 11 is removable and replaceable, with a replacement cycle determined by usage frequency, generally every 3-6 months. The exhaust fan 44 can be an axial flow fan or a centrifugal fan. The airflow of the exhaust fan 44 should be greater than that of the circulating fan 41 to ensure efficient gas replacement. The outlet of the exhaust fan 44 connects to an exhaust duct, which discharges the exhaust gas outdoors or to an exhaust gas treatment device.

[0045] In this embodiment of the invention, the exhaust fan 44 achieves active exhaust, which is several times more efficient than natural ventilation and shortens the gas replacement time. The filter assembly 11 installed at the vent includes a primary filter and a secondary filter; the two-stage filtration structure improves filtration efficiency and ensures the cleanliness of the air entering the containment cavity. The filter assembly 11 is removable and replaceable for easy daily maintenance. The combination of active exhaust and filtered air intake ensures efficient gas replacement while preventing the introduction of external pollutants, providing a clean treatment environment for the plants.

[0046] In some embodiments, the high-temperature steam system 3 includes: a steam generator 31; a collection tank 32 disposed at the bottom of the receiving cavity for collecting condensate; and a heat exchanger 33, which includes a first pipe and a second pipe that exchange heat with each other, the first pipe being connected to the collection tank 32 and the second pipe being connected to the water inlet of the steam generator 31.

[0047] In this invention, the steam generator 31 of the high-temperature steam system 3 generates high-temperature steam which is injected into the receiving cavity. The steam gradually cools after contacting the plants within the cavity, and the water vapor condenses into liquid water. A collection tank 32 is located at the bottom of the receiving cavity, and the condensate flows into the collection tank 32 under gravity. The first pipe of the heat exchanger 33 is connected to the collection tank 32, and the condensate flows from the collection tank 32 into the first pipe. The second pipe of the heat exchanger 33 is connected to the water inlet of the steam generator 31, and the raw water for the steam generator 31 flows through the second pipe. The first and second pipes exchange heat with each other within the heat exchanger 33. The higher-temperature condensate in the first pipe transfers heat to the lower-temperature raw water in the second pipe, raising the temperature of the raw water before it enters the steam generator 31, thus reducing the energy required for the steam generator 31 to heat the raw water.

[0048] Specifically, the collection tank 32 is made of stainless steel, with a drain outlet at the bottom connected to a drain pipe, which is connected to the first pipeline. The volume of the collection tank 32 is determined based on the volume of the receiving cavity and the steam injection rate, generally 5%-10% of the receiving cavity volume. The heat exchanger 33 can be a plate heat exchanger 33, a shell-and-tube heat exchanger 33, or a spiral plate heat exchanger 33. The plate heat exchanger 33 is composed of multiple corrugated plates stacked together. The fluids in the first and second pipelines flow counter-currently within the channels formed between adjacent plates, exchanging heat through the plates. The shell-and-tube heat exchanger 33 consists of an outer shell and an internal heat exchange tube bundle. The fluid in the first pipeline flows in the tube side, and the fluid in the second pipeline flows in the shell side, exchanging heat through the tube walls. The first and second pipelines are made of stainless steel or copper, which is corrosion-resistant and has good thermal conductivity.

[0049] In this embodiment of the invention, the collection tank 32 collects the condensate at the bottom of the receiving cavity, and the heat exchanger 33 transfers heat from the condensate to the raw water, making full use of the waste heat in the condensate. Waste heat recovery reduces the energy consumption of the steam generator 31, shortens the heating time, and improves the processing efficiency of the equipment. For seedling bases that require frequent disinfection, the energy-saving effect of the waste heat recovery system is even more significant, reducing operating costs. Collecting condensate also prevents water accumulation at the bottom of the receiving cavity, preventing root rot caused by the crop roots being soaked in water. The heat exchanger 33 has a simple structure, is easy to install, and is convenient to maintain.

[0050] In some embodiments, the intelligent monitoring module 5 further includes a crop status monitoring component, which includes: an image acquisition unit 54 disposed within the receiving cavity for acquiring images of plant leaves; and an image recognition unit 55 electrically connected to the image acquisition unit 54 and the central controller 6 for recognizing the color, shape, and texture features of the leaves. Based on the crop status data fed back by the image recognition unit 55, the central controller 6 lowers the temperature of the current treatment stage or shortens the treatment time when it detects stress responses such as wilting, curling, or abnormal color in the leaves.

[0051] In this invention, the crop status monitoring component of the intelligent monitoring module 5 continuously acquires images of plant leaves through the image acquisition unit 54. The image recognition unit 55 analyzes the acquired images to identify the color, shape, and texture characteristics of the leaves. Normal leaves are bright green, with a smooth surface and clear texture. When the crop is subjected to stress, the leaves become lighter in color or turn yellow, the leaf edges curl, the leaf surface wrinkles, and the texture becomes blurred. The image recognition unit 55 transmits the recognition results to the central controller 6, which determines whether the crop is experiencing a stress response. When stress responses such as wilting, curling, or abnormal color are detected in the leaves, the central controller 6 immediately lowers the temperature of the current treatment stage or shortens the treatment time to prevent further damage to the crop.

[0052] Specifically, the image acquisition unit 54 is a high-definition camera with a resolution of no less than 1920×1080 pixels and a frame rate of no less than 30 frames per second. The camera is installed on the upper part or side wall of the housing cavity, and its shooting angle covers all the plants inside the housing cavity. The camera is equipped with an LED supplementary light to provide supplementary lighting when the light is insufficient, ensuring image clarity. The image recognition unit 55 adopts a deep learning-based image recognition algorithm. The algorithm model is trained on a large number of plant leaf images and can identify the normal and stress states of various crops. The image recognition unit 55 includes an image preprocessing module, a feature extraction module, and a classification and discrimination module. The image preprocessing module performs denoising, enhancement, and segmentation on the acquired images and extracts leaf regions. The feature extraction module extracts the color, shape, and texture features of the leaves. The classification and discrimination module judges the leaf state based on the extracted features and outputs a normal or abnormal judgment result.

[0053] In this embodiment of the invention, the image acquisition unit 54 and the image recognition unit 55 realize real-time monitoring and automatic identification of crop status, which is more timely, accurate, and objective compared to manual observation. The central controller 6 automatically adjusts the processing parameters based on the image recognition results, with a fast response speed, and can intervene immediately when crops show mild stress, avoiding the aggravation of the stress response. The introduction of the crop status monitoring component transforms the processing process from open-loop control to closed-loop control, improving the intelligence level of the processing process. For different varieties and different growth stages of plants, the system can adaptively adjust according to actual feedback, taking into account both the disinfection effect and crop safety.

[0054] In some embodiments, the central controller 6 further includes a program storage module 61, which stores treatment parameter templates for different plant types. The treatment parameter templates include preset values ​​for carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, humidity, and treatment time. The central controller 6 automatically calls the corresponding treatment parameter template according to the input crop type and makes dynamic fine adjustments based on the real-time monitoring data from the intelligent monitoring module 5.

[0055] In this invention, the program storage module 61 of the central controller 6 pre-stores treatment parameter templates for different plant types. Each template includes preset values ​​for carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, humidity, and treatment time for that type of crop. The operator inputs the type of crop to be treated into the operating interface, and the central controller 6 automatically retrieves the corresponding treatment parameter template from the program storage module 61, using the parameters in the template as initial values. During processing, the central controller 6 receives real-time data from the intelligent monitoring module 5 and compares the real-time data with the preset values ​​in the template. When the real-time data deviates from the preset value, the central controller 6 calculates the deviation and fine-tunes the operating parameters of the carbon dioxide release system 2, the high-temperature steam system 3, and the ventilation control module 4 based on the deviation, gradually bringing the real-time data closer to the preset value.

[0056] Specifically, the processing parameter templates are derived from statistical analysis of extensive experimental data, covering common vegetable plants, flowering plants, and fruit trees. Taking tomato seedlings as an example, the processing parameter template includes: a carbon dioxide mite removal stage with a carbon dioxide concentration of 65% by volume, a temperature of 22℃, and a treatment time of 24 hours; and a high-temperature steam sterilization stage with a temperature of 50℃, humidity of 98%, and a treatment time of 12 minutes. Taking strawberry seedlings as an example, the processing parameter template includes: a carbon dioxide mite removal stage with a carbon dioxide concentration of 60% by volume, a temperature of 20℃, and a treatment time of 22 hours; and a high-temperature steam sterilization stage with a temperature of 48℃, humidity of 95%, and a treatment time of 10 minutes. The program storage module 61 uses non-volatile memory, such as flash memory or a solid-state drive, ensuring data is not lost due to power outages. The operation interface can be a touchscreen or a button panel, displaying information such as the current processing stage, real-time parameters, and remaining time. The dynamic fine-tuning algorithm uses a PID control algorithm or a fuzzy control algorithm to calculate the adjustment amount based on the deviation, avoiding over- or under-adjustment.

[0057] In one specific embodiment, a seedling nursery simultaneously cultivates three plants: tomatoes, peppers, and lettuce. The plant composite disinfection device of this invention is used for treatment. Operators input the crop types sequentially into the operating interface, and the central controller 6 calls the corresponding treatment parameter templates for each. When treating tomato seedlings, the central controller 6 calls the tomato template, setting the carbon dioxide concentration to 65% by volume and the temperature to 22°C during the carbon dioxide mite removal stage. In actual treatment, the intelligent monitoring module 5 detects that the temperature inside the containment chamber has risen to 23°C, and the central controller 6 activates the ventilation control module 4 for short-term ventilation, lowering the temperature to 22°C. During the high-temperature steam sterilization stage, the temperature is set to 50°C and the humidity to 98%. In actual treatment, the intelligent monitoring module 5 detects that the humidity is only 94%, and the central controller 6 increases the steam injection rate of the high-temperature steam system 3, raising the humidity to 98%. When treating pepper and lettuce seedlings, the central controller 6 similarly controls and fine-tunes according to their respective templates. The disinfection effect and survival rate of the three crops after treatment all meet expectations. Operators do not need to memorize the treatment parameters for different crops, reducing operational difficulty.

[0058] In some embodiments, the system further includes a humidity zoning control component 7, which includes: multiple independently controlled spray units distributed at different heights or in different areas within the accommodating cavity; multiple independently controlled dehumidification units connected to the ventilation control module 4; and a central controller 6 controlling the spray volume of each spray unit and the dehumidification rate of each dehumidification unit based on the humidity data of different areas fed back by the intelligent monitoring module 5.

[0059] In this invention, the humidity zoning control component 7 is equipped with multiple independently controlled spray units and dehumidification units at different heights or in different areas within the containment cavity. The spray units spray water mist onto their respective areas, increasing the humidity in those areas. The dehumidification units extract humid air from their respective areas, reducing the humidity in those areas. The intelligent monitoring module 5 is equipped with multiple humidity sensors 52 at different locations within the containment cavity to monitor the humidity in each area. The central controller 6 receives humidity data from each humidity sensor 52 and determines whether the humidity in each area has reached the target value. When the humidity in a certain area is lower than the target value, the central controller 6 increases the spray volume of the corresponding spray unit in that area. When the humidity in a certain area is higher than the target value, the central controller 6 increases the dehumidification rate of the corresponding dehumidification unit in that area. Through independent zoning control, the humidity in each area gradually approaches the target value, achieving a uniform distribution of humidity within the containment cavity.

[0060] Specifically, the spray unit includes a water pump, a water supply pipeline, and nozzles. The water pump draws water from the water tank and delivers it to the nozzles through the water supply pipeline. The nozzles atomize the water and spray it out. The nozzles can be pressure nozzles or ultrasonic atomizers, with atomized particle diameters of 5-20 micrometers. Each spray unit controls a corresponding area, the size of which is determined by the size of the containment cavity, generally divided into 4-8 areas. The dehumidification unit includes an exhaust fan and dehumidification ducts. The exhaust fan draws humid air from the corresponding area and discharges it from the containment cavity through the dehumidification ducts. The exhaust fan power of the dehumidification unit is less than that of the exhaust fan 44 of the ventilation control module 4, achieving localized dehumidification without affecting the overall gas environment. The humidity sensor 52 is a capacitive humidity sensor 52 or a resistive humidity sensor 52, with a measurement accuracy of not less than ±2%RH and a response time of less than 10 seconds.

[0061] In one specific embodiment, the housing of a plant composite disinfection device has a height of 2 meters, a width of 2 meters, and a length of 2.5 meters. The humidity zoning control component 7 divides the housing into upper, middle, and lower layers, with each layer equipped with two spray units and two dehumidification units, for a total of six spray units and six dehumidification units. The intelligent monitoring module 5 has two humidity sensors 52 installed in each layer, for a total of six humidity sensors 52. During the high-temperature steam sterilization stage, the target humidity is 98%. In actual processing, the humidity in the upper layer, closer to the steam nozzles, reaches 100%, the humidity in the middle layer is 97%, and the humidity in the lower layer is 95%. Based on the humidity data, the central controller 6 stops the spraying of the two spray units in the upper layer and starts the two dehumidification units in the upper layer to dehumidify, gradually reducing the humidity in the upper layer to 98%. Simultaneously, the central controller 6 increases the spray volume of the two spray units in the lower layer, gradually increasing the humidity in the lower layer to 98%. After 5 minutes of adjustment, the humidity in all three layers stabilizes at around 98%, with a humidity deviation of less than 1%. The survival rate of the treated plants was consistent across all layers. The upper layer of crops did not have water-soaked spots on the leaves due to excessive moisture, and the lower layer of crops did not have wilting due to insufficient moisture.

[0062] In this embodiment of the invention, the spraying unit and the dehumidification unit are distributed at different heights or in different areas within the containment cavity, and each unit is controlled independently. The central controller 6 adjusts the operating status of each spraying unit and dehumidification unit based on feedback data from the humidity sensors 52 in each area, achieving refined humidity management. Zoned control enables rapid response to local humidity deviations, shortening the humidity adjustment time. The humidity distribution within the containment cavity is uniform, ensuring all plants are in a suitable humidity environment, resulting in consistent disinfection effects and reduced crop damage. The introduction of the humidity zoned control component 7 improves the equipment's adaptability to complex environments, making it particularly suitable for containment cavities with large volumes or special structures.

[0063] In some embodiments, the system further includes an ultrasonic-assisted disinfection component 8, which includes an ultrasonic transducer disposed within the accommodating cavity for generating ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 20-50 kHz and a power of 50-150 W; and a central controller 6 for controlling the ultrasonic transducer to be synchronously activated during the injection of high-temperature steam.

[0064] In this invention, the ultrasonic transducer of the ultrasonic-assisted disinfection component 8 is located within the containment cavity. During the injection of high-temperature steam, the central controller 6 controls the ultrasonic transducer to activate synchronously. The ultrasonic transducer converts electrical energy into mechanical vibration energy, generating ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 20-50 kHz. The ultrasonic waves propagate in the high-temperature steam, forming alternating compression and sparsity pressure waves. When the negative pressure zone of the pressure wave reaches a certain intensity, cavitation bubbles are generated in the high-temperature steam. These bubbles rapidly close and rupture in the positive pressure zone, generating localized high temperature and pressure and strong shock waves. The cavitation effect causes mechanical damage to the cell walls and cell membranes of pathogens, leading to leakage of cell contents and ultimately the death of the pathogens. The mechanical vibration of the ultrasonic waves also promotes the penetration of high-temperature steam into the stomata, cracks, and other microstructures on the surface of plant leaves, increasing the contact area between the steam and pathogens and improving sterilization efficiency.

[0065] Specifically, an ultrasonic transducer consists of a piezoelectric ceramic plate, a metal vibrating plate, and a housing. The piezoelectric ceramic plate generates mechanical vibration under alternating voltage; this vibration is amplified by the metal vibrating plate and radiates ultrasonic waves outwards. The operating frequency of the ultrasonic transducer is selected based on the type of pathogen; bacteria are generally sensitive to ultrasound at 30-40 kHz, while fungi are sensitive to ultrasound at 20-30 kHz. The power of the ultrasonic transducer is 50-150 W; too low a power will result in an insignificant cavitation effect, while too high a power may damage crop cells. The ultrasonic transducer is installed on the side wall or bottom of the housing cavity, with the vibrating surface facing the plant. The number of ultrasonic transducers is determined by the volume of the housing cavity, generally one transducer per 2-3 cubic meters.

[0066] In one specific embodiment, a plant composite disinfection device is equipped with four ultrasonic transducers within its containment cavity. The transducers operate at a frequency of 30 kHz and a power of 100 W. During the high-temperature steam sterilization stage, the steam temperature is set to 50°C and the humidity to 98%. When the high-temperature steam system 3 begins injecting steam, the central controller 6 simultaneously activates the four ultrasonic transducers. The ultrasonic waves propagate in the steam, producing cavitation effects and mechanical vibrations on the mycelia and spores of gray mold on the surface of tomato seedling leaves. The treatment time is 12 minutes. After treatment, samples are taken for testing, and the survival rate of gray mold is less than 0.5%. In a comparative experiment, the batch treated without ultrasonic-assisted disinfection, under the same steam temperature and humidity conditions for 12 minutes, showed a gray mold survival rate of 3.2%. To achieve the same sterilization effect, the steam temperature needs to be increased to 52°C or the treatment time extended to 16 minutes, but this resulted in slight leaf curling of the tomato seedlings.

[0067] In this embodiment of the invention, the ultrasonic-assisted disinfection component 8 works synchronously during high-temperature steam sterilization. The cavitation effect and mechanical vibration of the ultrasound physically damage pathogens, creating a synergistic effect with the thermal effect of the high-temperature steam. This synergistic effect improves sterilization efficiency under the same temperature conditions, or allows for lower steam temperatures or shorter treatment times to achieve the same sterilization effect, thus reducing heat stress on plants. Ultrasound promotes steam penetration into the microstructures of leaves, increasing the contact efficiency between steam and pathogens, and effectively killing pathogens hidden in stomata and cracks. The power of the ultrasonic transducer is controlled within a safe range, preventing damage to crop cells. Ultrasonic-assisted disinfection is a physical method with no chemical residues, meeting the requirements of green agriculture.

[0068] In some embodiments, a photocatalytic synergistic disinfection component 9 is also included. The photocatalytic synergistic disinfection component 9 includes: an ultraviolet lamp tube disposed in the receiving cavity, the ultraviolet lamp tube emitting wavelength of 254-280 nm; a blue LED light strip disposed in the receiving cavity, the blue LED light strip emitting wavelength of 400-470 nm; and a light intensity regulator electrically connected to the ultraviolet lamp tube, the blue LED light strip, and the central controller 6. The central controller 6 controls the ultraviolet lamp tube and the blue LED light strip to be turned on synchronously during the injection of high-temperature steam, and adjusts the light intensity through the light intensity regulator according to the crop status data fed back by the intelligent monitoring module 5. When signs of light damage to the crop are detected, the light intensity is reduced or the light exposure time is shortened.

[0069] In this invention, the photocatalytic synergistic disinfection component 9 includes an ultraviolet lamp, a blue LED light strip, and a light intensity regulator. The ultraviolet lamp emits ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 254-280 nm. This ultraviolet light has high photon energy, capable of breaking chemical bonds in the DNA molecules of pathogens, leading to DNA strand breaks or the formation of thymine dimers, thus rendering the pathogens unable to replicate and reproduce. The blue LED light strip emits blue light with a wavelength of 400-470 nm. After being absorbed by the phytochromes within the pathogen cells, this blue light generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS cause oxidative damage to cell membrane lipids and proteins, inhibiting the growth and metabolism of the pathogens. During the injection of high-temperature steam, the central controller 6 controls the simultaneous activation of the ultraviolet lamp and the blue LED light strip. The ultraviolet and blue light irradiate the plants, forming a "heat + light" composite disinfection system with the high-temperature steam. The light intensity regulator adjusts the light intensity based on crop status data fed back by the intelligent monitoring module 5. When signs of light damage are detected in the crop, the light intensity is reduced or the light duration is shortened to avoid photo-oxidative damage to the leaves.

[0070] Specifically, the ultraviolet lamps are either low-pressure mercury lamps or LED ultraviolet lamps. The low-pressure mercury lamps emit light primarily at 254 nm, while the LED ultraviolet lamps have an adjustable wavelength between 254 and 280 nm. The ultraviolet lamps are installed on the top or side wall of the cavity, with the number of lamps determined by the cavity area to ensure uniform ultraviolet illuminance throughout the cavity. The blue LED light strip consists of multiple blue LEDs connected in series or parallel, arranged along the inner wall of the cavity, with a peak emission wavelength of 450 nm. The light intensity regulator includes a dimming circuit and a control chip. The dimming circuit uses PWM dimming or analog dimming to change the light intensity by adjusting the current or duty cycle of the lamps or light strip. The control chip receives instructions from the central controller 6 and controls the output of the dimming circuit. The crop status monitoring component of the intelligent monitoring module 5 monitors leaf color. When leaves show signs of light damage such as fading or whitening, it sends an abnormal signal to the central controller 6.

[0071] Among related technologies, high-temperature steam sterilization has limited effectiveness in killing certain fungal spores, as the spore outer wall has strong heat resistance and hydrophobicity, making it difficult for high-temperature steam to penetrate. While ultraviolet disinfection can kill pathogens, its use alone requires high light intensity and long irradiation time, easily causing photo-oxidative damage to crop leaves, resulting in discoloration, necrotic spots, and other phenomena. Some devices use chemical disinfectants in conjunction with high-temperature treatment, but chemical disinfectants leave residues, which does not meet the requirements of green agriculture.

[0072] In this embodiment of the invention, the ultraviolet lamps and blue LED strips are simultaneously activated during high-temperature steam treatment. Ultraviolet light damages DNA, blue light generates reactive oxygen species, and high-temperature steam denatures proteins. These three mechanisms work synergistically to achieve broad-spectrum and highly effective killing of various pathogens. This synergistic effect allows for ideal disinfection results even with lower light intensity and shorter irradiation time, reducing the risk of light damage to crops. The high temperature and humidity environment increases the permeability of pathogen cell membranes, making it easier for ultraviolet and blue light to penetrate and exert their effects, thus improving photocatalytic efficiency. The light intensity regulator adjusts the light intensity in real time according to the crop condition, achieving a dynamic balance between disinfection effectiveness and crop safety. Photocatalytic synergistic disinfection is a physical method, leaving no chemical residues, and is safe and environmentally friendly.

[0073] like Figure 4 As shown, the present invention provides a plant compound pest control method, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1. Place the plant into the containment chamber of the sealed storage 1, and activate the ventilation control module 4 to pre-ventilate and reduce the initial humidity in the containment chamber. S2. Turn off ventilation control module 4 and start carbon dioxide release system 2 to release carbon dioxide into the containment cavity for a preset time to carry out mite removal treatment. S3. Stop carbon dioxide release and start ventilation control module 4 to perform ventilation replacement, reducing the carbon dioxide concentration in the containment cavity to no more than 5% volume concentration. S4. Close the ventilation control module 4 and start the high-temperature steam system 3 to spray high-temperature steam into the cavity to maintain the preset temperature and humidity for sterilization. S5. Stop the injection of high-temperature steam, start the ventilation control module 4 for secondary ventilation, reduce the humidity in the containment cavity, and take out the treated plants.

[0074] In this invention, the plant-based compound pest control method comprises a complete treatment process consisting of five steps. In step S1, plants are placed in the containment chamber of the sealed storage chamber 1. The plants can be potted seedlings or bare-root seedlings, selected according to the treatment requirements. The ventilation control module 4 is activated for pre-ventilation, allowing outside air to enter the containment chamber while the high-humidity air inside is expelled, reducing the initial humidity. This pre-ventilation creates suitable humidity conditions for subsequent carbon dioxide mite removal, preventing the high-humidity environment from affecting the diffusion and absorption of carbon dioxide. In step S2, the ventilation control module 4 is turned off, and the sealed storage chamber 1 is sealed. The carbon dioxide release system 2 is activated to release carbon dioxide into the containment chamber, gradually increasing the carbon dioxide concentration. After maintaining this concentration for a preset time, the mites suffocate and die in the high-concentration carbon dioxide environment. In step S3, carbon dioxide release is stopped, and the ventilation control module 4 is activated for ventilation replacement, expelling the high-concentration carbon dioxide from the containment chamber and allowing outside air to enter, reducing the carbon dioxide concentration to no more than 5% by volume, preparing for subsequent high-temperature steam sterilization. In step S4, the ventilation control module 4 is turned off, and the high-temperature steam system 3 is started to inject high-temperature steam into the containment cavity. The temperature and humidity inside the containment cavity rise, and the preset temperature and humidity are maintained for sterilization treatment. Pathogens are killed in the high-temperature and high-humidity environment. In step S5, the injection of high-temperature steam is stopped, and the ventilation control module 4 is started for post-ventilation. The high-humidity and high-temperature air inside the containment cavity is discharged, and outside air enters, gradually reducing the humidity to prevent the crop from rotting or developing diseases due to prolonged exposure to high humidity. The treated plants are then removed.

[0075] Specifically, the pre-ventilation time is determined based on the cavity volume and initial humidity, generally 3-10 minutes, with the goal of reducing humidity to below 70%. The release rate of carbon dioxide release system 2 is determined based on the cavity volume and target concentration, generally reaching the target carbon dioxide concentration within 10-20 minutes. The carbon dioxide mite treatment time is determined based on the mite species and developmental stage; adults are sensitive to carbon dioxide and require shorter treatment times, while eggs are more tolerant and require longer treatment times. The ventilation replacement time is determined based on the cavity volume and ventilation rate, generally 10-20 minutes, with the goal of reducing the carbon dioxide concentration to below 5% by volume to avoid residual carbon dioxide affecting the subsequent high-temperature steam sterilization effect. The temperature and humidity for high-temperature steam sterilization are determined based on the pathogen species and crop tolerance, with a sterilization time generally 10-18 minutes. The post-ventilation time is determined based on the cavity volume and target humidity, generally 8-15 minutes, with the goal of reducing humidity to below 75%.

[0076] In this invention, carbon dioxide mite control and high-temperature steam sterilization are carried out in stages, employing different methods for different pests, thus achieving integrated pest management. Carbon dioxide has a selective killing effect on mites, and the treatment temperature is close to room temperature, preventing heat stress on crops. High-temperature steam has a broad-spectrum killing effect on pathogens, with temperature and humidity controlled within the crop's tolerance range, and a relatively short treatment time. The three ventilation steps—pre-ventilation, ventilation replacement, and post-ventilation—play different roles at different stages, ensuring the treatment effect at each stage while achieving a smooth transition between stages. The entire treatment process does not use chemical pesticides, avoiding pesticide residues and meeting the requirements of green agriculture. The treatment process is highly automated, simple to operate, and suitable for large-scale seedling base applications.

[0077] In some embodiments, in step S2, the carbon dioxide concentration is 40%-75% by volume, the temperature is 15°C-30°C, and the treatment time is 18-30 hours.

[0078] In this invention, during the carbon dioxide mite control stage, the carbon dioxide concentration is set at 40%-75% by volume, the temperature at 15℃-30℃, and the treatment time at 18-30 hours. When the carbon dioxide concentration reaches 40% by volume, the respiratory system of the mites is inhibited, resulting in insufficient intracellular oxygen supply and weakened metabolic activity. As the carbon dioxide concentration increases to 50%-60% by volume, the intracellular acid-base balance of the mites is disrupted, acidic metabolic products accumulate, and cell function is lost. When the carbon dioxide concentration reaches 70%-75% by volume, all physiological activities of the mites completely cease, ultimately leading to suffocation and death. Maintaining the temperature within the range of 15℃-30℃ allows the mites to continue their metabolic activities and remain relatively sensitive to carbon dioxide absorption and response. At excessively low temperatures, the mites enter a dormant state, their metabolic activity weakens, and their sensitivity to carbon dioxide decreases. At excessively high temperatures, crop respiration increases, consuming oxygen and producing carbon dioxide, but this also increases the crop's stress response. The treatment time is 18-30 hours, ensuring effective killing of all stages of mites, including adults, nymphs, larvae and eggs.

[0079] In some embodiments, in step S2, the carbon dioxide concentration is 60%-75% by volume, the temperature is 20°C-25°C, and the treatment time is 20-26 hours.

[0080] In this invention, during the carbon dioxide mite control stage, the carbon dioxide concentration is further optimized to 60%-75% by volume, the temperature to 20℃-25℃, and the treatment time to 20-26 hours. A carbon dioxide concentration of 60%-75% by volume is the preferred concentration range for mite eggs. The eggshell provides some protection and has poor permeability to carbon dioxide, requiring a higher concentration to allow carbon dioxide to penetrate and kill the embryo inside. A temperature of 20℃-25℃ is the suitable growth temperature for most vegetable plants. At this temperature, crop metabolism is normal, and their tolerance to carbon dioxide treatment is strongest. A treatment time of 20-26 hours is the preferred time to balance mite control effectiveness and crop safety. Below 20 hours, the egg mortality rate is not ideal, and above 26 hours, crops may experience mild stress responses.

[0081] In some embodiments, in step S4, the steam temperature is 45°C-55°C, the relative humidity is 90%-100%, and the processing time is 10-18 minutes.

[0082] In this invention, during the high-temperature steam sterilization stage, the steam temperature is set at 45℃-55℃, the relative humidity at 90%-100%, and the treatment time at 10-18 minutes. The steam temperature of 45℃-55℃ represents the balance point between the heat-killing temperature of pathogens and the heat-resistant temperature of plants. Most plant pathogens, such as gray mold, powdery mildew, Phytophthora, and Rhizoctonia solani, begin to denature their proteins in hyphae and spores at temperatures above 45℃. The rate of protein denaturation accelerates at 50℃, and most pathogens are killed within 10 minutes at 55℃. When plant leaves and stems are exposed to temperatures below 55℃ for a short period, the cell membrane structure remains intact, and the chloroplasts and mitochondria function normally, without irreversible damage. A relative humidity of 90%-100% creates a high-humidity environment where water vapor condenses on the leaf surface. This condensation comes into close contact with the leaves, allowing heat to be rapidly conducted to the leaf surface and pathogens. High humidity also increases the permeability of pathogen cell membranes, making it easier for heat to enter the cells and accelerating protein denaturation. Treatment time is 10-18 minutes, with 10 minutes being the minimum required for effective sterilization and 18 minutes being the maximum time that crops can safely tolerate.

[0083] Specifically, the steam temperature range of 45℃-55℃ is determined based on the heat lethality curves of different pathogens. For example, the mortality rate of *Botrytis cinerea* mycelium is 80% after treatment at 45℃ for 15 minutes, 95% after 50℃ for 12 minutes, and 99% after 55℃ for 10 minutes. For *Powdery mildew* spores, the mortality rate is 90% after 50℃ for 15 minutes and 98% after 55℃ for 12 minutes. A relative humidity of 90%-100% is recommended; below 90% humidity, steam condensation is slow, heat transfer efficiency is reduced, and sterilization effectiveness decreases. Treatment time is 10-18 minutes, flexibly selected based on different crops and pathogens. Heat-resistant crops such as tomatoes and peppers can be treated for 15-18 minutes, while heat-sensitive crops such as lettuce and strawberries should be treated for 10-12 minutes. Treatment time should be extended when the pathogen quantity is high or includes resistant pathogens, and shortened when the pathogen quantity is low.

[0084] In this embodiment of the invention, the combination of parameters—steam temperature 45℃-55℃, relative humidity 90%-100%, and treatment time 10-18 minutes—is optimized for plant characteristics. This temperature range effectively kills common pathogens while remaining within the plant's heat tolerance range, avoiding heat damage. The high humidity environment enhances heat conduction efficiency, shortens the time required to achieve sterilization, and reduces the crop's heat exposure time. The relatively short treatment time results in minimal stress response and rapid recovery for the crop. This parameter range is applicable to most vegetable and flowering plants, demonstrating good versatility and practicality.

[0085] In some embodiments, in step S4, the steam temperature is 48°C-52°C, the relative humidity is 95%-100%, and the processing time is 10-15 minutes.

[0086] In this invention, during the high-temperature steam sterilization stage, the steam temperature is further optimized to 48℃-52℃, the relative humidity to 95%-100%, and the treatment time to 10-15 minutes. The steam temperature of 48℃-52℃ is the preferred temperature range for heat-sensitive plants. At this temperature, the cell membrane fluidity of the crop remains normal, membrane protein function is stable, and the photosynthetic electron transport chain is not inhibited. At 50℃, the protein denaturation rate of most plant pathogens is already relatively fast, resulting in reliable sterilization. A relative humidity of 95%-100%, close to saturation, allows for rapid steam condensation. The condensed water forms a uniform water film on the leaf surface, directly contacting the pathogens, maximizing heat transfer efficiency. The treatment time of 10-15 minutes ensures optimal sterilization while minimizing heat stress in the crop. After treatment, there is no significant difference in leaf color, morphology, and physiological activity compared to before treatment.

[0087] In some embodiments, the system further includes an intelligent parameter adjustment step, in which the intelligent monitoring module 5 monitors the temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration and crop status inside the containment cavity in real time. When the carbon dioxide concentration is detected to deviate from the preset concentration range, the release rate of the carbon dioxide release system 2 is automatically adjusted. When the temperature or humidity is detected to deviate from the preset range, the injection volume of the high-temperature steam system 3 or the ventilation rate of the ventilation control module 4 is automatically adjusted. When the crop is detected to exhibit a stress response, the intensity of the current treatment stage is reduced or the treatment time is shortened.

[0088] In this invention, the intelligent parameter adjustment step uses the intelligent monitoring module 5 to monitor the temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, and crop status within the containment chamber in real time, transmitting the monitoring data to the central controller 6. The central controller 6 compares the monitoring data with preset target values ​​and calculates the deviation. When the carbon dioxide concentration deviates from the preset range, the central controller 6 determines the direction and magnitude of the deviation. If the concentration is lower than the preset value, the release rate of the carbon dioxide release system 2 is increased; if the concentration is higher than the preset value, the release rate is decreased or the release is paused. When the temperature or humidity deviates from the preset range, the central controller 6 analyzes the cause of the deviation. If the temperature is too low, the injection volume of the high-temperature steam system 3 is increased or the ventilation rate of the ventilation control module 4 is decreased; if the temperature is too high, the steam injection volume is decreased or the ventilation rate is increased. Humidity is adjusted similarly. When a stress response is detected in the crop, the central controller 6 immediately takes protective measures, reducing the intensity of the current treatment stage, such as lowering the temperature, reducing the steam injection volume, lowering the carbon dioxide concentration, or shortening the treatment time, ending the current stage early and proceeding to the next stage.

[0089] In some embodiments, during the high-temperature steam sterilization process, ultrasonic-assisted disinfection is simultaneously activated, with an ultrasonic frequency of 20-50 kHz and a power of 50-150 W.

[0090] In this invention, during the high-temperature steam sterilization stage, ultrasonic-assisted disinfection is simultaneously activated. The ultrasonic frequency is set to 20-50 kHz, and the power is set to 50-150 W. When the high-temperature steam system 3 begins to inject steam, the central controller 6 simultaneously activates the ultrasonic transducer. Ultrasonic waves propagate in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, forming alternating compression and sparsity pressure waves. Cavitation bubbles are generated in the negative pressure zone of the pressure waves, and these bubbles burst in the positive pressure zone, generating localized high temperature and pressure and intense microjets. The shock waves generated when the cavitation bubbles burst mechanically impact the cell walls of pathogens, causing microcracks in the cell walls, increasing cell membrane permeability, and leading to leakage of cell contents. The high-speed impact of the microjets on the cell surface further exacerbates the damage to cell structure. Simultaneously, the mechanical vibration of the ultrasonic waves promotes the penetration of high-temperature steam into the microstructures such as stomata, cracks, and villi on the leaf surface. The steam comes into contact with pathogens hidden in these structures, improving the thoroughness of sterilization. The synergistic effect of ultrasonic waves and high-temperature steam allows for the achievement of ideal sterilization results at relatively low temperatures or in a shorter time.

[0091] Specifically, ultrasonic frequencies of 20-50 kHz fall within the low-frequency ultrasonic range, where cavitation effects are significant and mechanical vibration intensity is moderate. Frequencies of 20-30 kHz are effective at destroying fungal spores, 30-40 kHz at bacteria, and 40-50 kHz at viruses. Power should be between 50-150 W; too low a power results in fewer cavitation bubbles and weaker cavitation intensity, leading to insignificant auxiliary disinfection effects, while too high a power may damage crop cells. The ultrasonic transducer should be activated synchronously with the injection of high-temperature steam to ensure the ultrasonic waves function effectively in a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, as moisture is a necessary condition for the ultrasonic cavitation effect.

[0092] In some embodiments, during the high-temperature steam sterilization stage, photocatalytic synergistic disinfection is simultaneously activated, employing a combination of ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 254-280 nm and blue light with a wavelength of 400-470 nm, with a light intensity of 5-15 mW / cm². 2 The irradiation time is 7-12 minutes.

[0093] In this invention, during the high-temperature steam sterilization stage, photocatalytic synergistic disinfection is simultaneously activated, employing a combination of ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 254-280 nm and blue light with a wavelength of 400-470 nm. The light intensity is set to 5-15 mW / cm², and the irradiation time is set to 7-12 minutes. When the high-temperature steam system 3 begins injecting steam, the central controller 6 simultaneously activates the ultraviolet lamps and blue LED light strips. When the pathogens are irradiated with ultraviolet light, the ultraviolet photon energy is absorbed by the DNA molecules, causing dimers to form between the pyrimidine bases on the DNA strand. This distorts and deforms the DNA double helix structure, hindering replication and transcription, thus causing the pathogens to lose their reproductive and pathogenic abilities. When pathogens are irradiated with blue light, the light is absorbed by phytochromes such as porphyrins and riboflavins within the cells. After absorbing light energy, these phytochromes transition from the ground state to an excited state. The excited-state molecules interact with oxygen molecules to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as singlet oxygen, superoxide anions, and hydroxyl radicals. These ROS cause oxidative damage to cell membrane lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, leading to pathogen death. The combined irradiation of ultraviolet (UV) and blue light damages DNA and generates ROS; this dual mechanism improves sterilization efficiency and covers a broader spectrum of pathogens. High-temperature steam increases the permeability of pathogen cell membranes, making it easier for UV and blue light to penetrate the cells, thus improving photocatalytic efficiency. Based on feedback from the crop condition monitoring component, the light intensity regulator reduces light intensity or shortens irradiation time when signs of light damage, such as leaf discoloration or whitening, are detected.

[0094] Specifically, ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 254-280 nm belongs to the UVC band, which has the highest bactericidal efficiency. 254 nm corresponds to the maximum absorption peak of DNA. Blue light with a wavelength of 400-470 nm belongs to the blue-violet range. This band of blue light has an excitation effect on various phytochromes, resulting in high efficiency in generating reactive oxygen species. The light intensity should be 5-15 mW / cm². Below 5 mW / cm², the photocatalytic effect is not significant, while above 15 mW / cm², the risk of photodamage increases. The irradiation time should be 7-12 minutes, determined in conjunction with the time window of high-temperature steam treatment, to ensure full photocatalytic activity while avoiding excessively long irradiation times. Ultraviolet lamps and blue LED light strips are distributed in different positions within the enclosure to ensure uniform light coverage of all plants.

[0095] In one specific embodiment, a plant-based composite pest control device treated a batch of lettuce seedlings. Powdery mildew and soft rot pathogens were found on the lettuce leaves. During the high-temperature steam sterilization stage, the steam temperature was set to 48°C and the humidity to 96%. Six ultraviolet lamps and four blue LED strips were simultaneously activated, with an initial light intensity set at 10 mW / cm² and an irradiation time of 10 minutes. At the 7-minute mark, the crop status monitoring component detected slight discoloration in some lettuce leaves. The central controller 6 then controlled the light intensity regulator to reduce the light intensity to 7 mW / cm², continuing irradiation for another 3 minutes. After treatment, samples were taken for testing. The survival rate of powdery mildew spores was less than 0.5%, the colony count of soft rot pathogens was less than 10 CFU / g, the lettuce leaves were bright green, the leaf surface was smooth, and there were no light-damaged spots. The seedling survival rate was 99%. During storage and transportation, the treated batch of lettuce seedlings showed a significantly lower incidence of soft rot than the untreated control batch, extending the shelf life by 2-3 days. In the comparative test, the batches treated without photocatalytic synergistic sterilization, after being treated for 10 minutes under the same steam conditions, had a powdery mildew spore survival rate of 6.8% and a soft rot bacteria colony count of approximately 80 CFU / g, indicating an unsatisfactory sterilization effect.

[0096] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0097] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A plant-based composite pest control device, characterized in that, include: A sealed storage room (1) is provided inside the sealed storage room (1), and a support component (12) for supporting plants is provided inside the support component (12). A carbon dioxide release system (2) is connected to the sealed chamber (1) and is used to release carbon dioxide into the containment chamber; A high-temperature steam system (3) is connected to the sealed chamber (1) and is used to inject high-temperature steam into the containment cavity; The ventilation control module (4) is connected to the sealed chamber (1) and is used to regulate the gas in the containment chamber and to replace the gas in the containment chamber with the outside gas; The intelligent monitoring module (5) includes a temperature sensor (51), a humidity sensor (52), and a carbon dioxide concentration sensor (53) installed in the containment cavity. The central controller (6) is electrically connected to the carbon dioxide release system (2), the high-temperature steam system (3), the ventilation control module (4), and the intelligent monitoring module (5).

2. The plant composite disinfection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The ventilation control module (4) includes: Circulating fan (41); A ventilation duct (42) is provided in the receiving cavity. The ventilation duct (42) is connected to the output end of the circulating fan (41). The ventilation duct (42) has multiple air outlets. A guide plate (43) is disposed in the receiving cavity to guide the airflow in the receiving cavity to circulate.

3. The plant composite disinfection device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The sealed storage chamber (1) has a ventilation opening that communicates with the containment cavity, and a filter assembly (11) is provided at the ventilation opening; the ventilation control module (4) also includes an exhaust fan (44) that communicates with the sealed storage chamber (1).

4. The plant composite disinfection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature steam system (3) includes: Steam generator (31); A collection tank (32) is provided at the bottom of the receiving cavity for collecting condensate; The heat exchanger (33) includes a first pipe and a second pipe that exchange heat with each other. The first pipe is connected to the collection tank (32), and the second pipe is connected to the water inlet of the steam generator (31).

5. The plant composite disinfection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The intelligent monitoring module (5) also includes: An image acquisition unit (54) is set inside the receiving cavity and is used to acquire images of plant leaves; The image recognition unit (55) is electrically connected to the image acquisition unit (54) and the central controller (6) and is used to identify the color, shape and texture features of the leaves.

6. The plant composite disinfection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The central controller (6) also includes a program storage module (61), which stores treatment parameter templates for different plant types. The treatment parameter templates include preset values ​​for carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, humidity and treatment time. The central controller (6) automatically calls the corresponding processing parameter template according to the input crop type, and makes dynamic fine adjustments based on the real-time monitoring data of the intelligent monitoring module (5).

7. The plant composite disinfection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a humidity zoning control component (7), which includes: Multiple independently controlled spray units are distributed and installed at different heights or in different areas within the containment chamber; Multiple independently controlled dehumidification units are connected to the ventilation control module (4); The central controller (6) controls the spray volume of each spray unit and the dehumidification rate of each dehumidification unit based on the humidity data of different areas fed back by the intelligent monitoring module (5).

8. The plant composite pest control device according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an ultrasonic-assisted disinfection component (8), which includes: An ultrasonic transducer, housed within a cavity, is used to generate ultrasonic waves with a frequency of 20-50 kHz and a power of 50-150 W. The central controller (6) controls the ultrasonic transducer to turn on synchronously during the injection of high-temperature steam.

9. The plant composite pest control device according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, It also includes a photocatalytic synergistic disinfection component (9), which includes: An ultraviolet lamp is disposed within the receiving cavity, and the ultraviolet lamp emits light at a wavelength of 254-280 nm. A blue LED light strip is disposed within the receiving cavity, wherein the emission wavelength of the blue LED light strip is 400-470 nm; The light intensity regulator is electrically connected to the ultraviolet lamp, the blue LED strip and the central controller (6); The central controller (6) controls the ultraviolet lamp tube and the blue LED light strip to be turned on synchronously during the high temperature steam injection, and adjusts the light intensity through the light intensity regulator according to the crop status data fed back by the intelligent monitoring module (5). When the crop is detected to have signs of light damage, the light intensity is reduced or the light time is shortened.

10. A method for pest control using the plant composite pest control device as described in any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Place the plant into the containment cavity of the sealed storage (1), and start the ventilation control module (4) for pre-ventilation to reduce the initial humidity in the containment cavity; S2. Turn off the ventilation control module (4), start the carbon dioxide release system (2) to release carbon dioxide into the containment cavity, maintain for a preset time, and carry out mite removal treatment; S3. Stop carbon dioxide release and start the ventilation control module (4) to perform ventilation replacement, reducing the carbon dioxide concentration in the containment cavity to no more than 5% volume concentration; S4. Close the ventilation control module (4), start the high-temperature steam system (3) to spray high-temperature steam into the containment cavity, maintain the preset temperature and humidity, and carry out sterilization treatment; S5. Stop the injection of high-temperature steam, start the ventilation control module (4) for secondary ventilation, reduce the humidity in the containment cavity, and take out the treated plants.

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