Pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer based on garden waste
Through single-power linkage design and adaptive adjustment control, the system achieves efficient screening, crushing and separation of garden waste in one integrated manner, solving the adaptability and efficiency problems of existing devices in outdoor scenarios and improving the processing capacity and safety of the equipment.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202610300128.2
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-03-12
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-15
AI Technical Summary
Existing garden waste pretreatment devices have fragmented functional modules in outdoor, dispersed settings, resulting in insufficient site adaptability, poor material adaptability, low processing efficiency, and unsatisfactory screening and separation effects, failing to meet the on-site treatment needs of parks and green spaces.
It adopts a single-power linkage design, integrating screening, crushing and air separation mechanisms. Through the linkage of monitoring components and control modules, it achieves adaptive adjustment. It integrates a flip-up guide plate, heat dissipation module and early warning module to form a fully integrated operation, improving equipment continuity and material handling quality.
It achieves efficient screening, crushing and separation of garden waste in one integrated process, reducing equipment energy consumption and floor space, improving material processing quality and operational safety, adapting to the diversity of garden waste, and shortening the pretreatment cycle.
Smart Images
Figure CN122032686A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of garden waste treatment technology, specifically to a pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste. Background Technology
[0002] As the country continues to increase its efforts in promoting scientific greening, park city construction, and "zero-waste cities," it has directly led to an increase in urban green space and more refined maintenance, ultimately resulting in a year-on-year increase in garden waste. This has not only put considerable pressure on urban waste collection and disposal but has also forced the industry to accelerate the exploration of resource utilization paths that "turn waste into treasure."
[0003] With the growing popularity of ecological environmental protection and resource recycling concepts, the resource-based treatment of garden waste (such as dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, and pruned branches) has become a focus of industry attention. Preparing it into organic fertilizer is a crucial way to "turn waste into treasure" and alleviate urban waste disposal pressure. The pretreatment stage, as the core process in the preparation of garden waste organic fertilizer, directly determines the subsequent fermentation efficiency and the purity of the organic fertilizer product. Its core functions include screening and impurity removal, crushing and volume reduction, and material grading and separation.
[0004] However, existing garden waste pretreatment devices have many technical shortcomings in practical applications, especially in their inability to meet the on-site pretreatment needs of outdoor, dispersed scenarios such as parks, green spaces, and roadside green belts.
[0005] First, the functional modules are severely fragmented, resulting in a serious lack of site adaptability. Screening, crushing, and separation are mostly designed independently, requiring conveyor belt transfer or manual feeding. This not only increases the equipment's footprint and operating costs, but also fails to meet the on-site processing requirements of "small space, flexible deployment" in parks and green spaces. Furthermore, it easily leads to material scattering and blockage during transportation, reducing processing continuity. Second, the material adaptability is poor, resulting in low on-site processing efficiency. Crushing mechanisms often employ a fixed hammer design with a single rotation speed. When dealing with a mixture of coarse and fine debris such as dead branches, fallen leaves, and weeds in parks and green spaces, problems frequently arise: "coarse materials are not crushed and require rework, while fine materials are over-crushed and generate dust." Furthermore, the separation of fibers and debris cannot be achieved simultaneously after crushing, requiring an additional screening process and extending the pretreatment cycle, which is difficult to match the "instant cleaning and rapid disposal" work rhythm of park maintenance. Thirdly, the screening accuracy and separation effect are poor. Existing screening structures are mostly fixed-aperture screens or single vibrating screens, which can only separate large impurities with significant differences in particle size. They are not thorough in separating small-diameter stones and soil particles attached to the surface of the material. This reduces the purity of the finished organic fertilizer produced on-site, making it unsuitable for direct use in park green plant maintenance. In addition, the small-diameter stones and soil particles will severely wear down the stirring and conveying components of the subsequent fermentation equipment.
[0006] Therefore, a pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0007] To address the aforementioned issues, this invention provides a pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste. This device integrates the entire process of screening and removing impurities from garden waste, crushing and reducing volume, and separating fibers and debris. Through a single-power linkage design, adaptive adjustment and control, and multi-functional module integration, it significantly improves pretreatment efficiency and material processing quality, reduces equipment energy consumption, floor space, and operating costs, and provides pure, uniform, and qualified raw materials for subsequent organic fertilizer fermentation processes.
[0008] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is as follows: A pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer based on garden waste includes a frame, on which are installed a feeding hopper for introducing garden waste, an impurity collection bin for classifying and collecting impurities of different particle sizes, a crushed material storage bin for temporarily storing qualified crushed materials, a drive module for providing power output, and a control module for realizing adaptive adjustment and linkage control. The frame is integrated with a screening mechanism for grading and screening impurities in garden waste, a crushing mechanism for crushing garden waste to a preset particle size, and an air separation mechanism for separating crushed fibrous materials and debris materials.
[0009] The drive module includes a drive component, on which an eccentric wheel linkage shaft is fixedly connected. The drive component forms a rigid power transmission with the screening mechanism and the crushing mechanism through the eccentric wheel linkage shaft. The air separation mechanism forms a coaxial linkage power transmission with the crushing mechanism. The screening mechanism, crushing mechanism and air separation mechanism are all connected to the control module for signal transmission. The control module is used to adaptively adjust the operating parameters of the screening mechanism, the operating parameters of the crushing mechanism and the separation intensity of the air separation mechanism according to the load state of the crushing mechanism.
[0010] Furthermore, the screening mechanism includes a double-layer vibrating screen that is inclinedly installed on the frame. A vibrating frame is fixedly connected to the bottom of the double-layer vibrating screen. A first eccentric wheel is sleeved on the eccentric wheel linkage shaft. A connecting rod is hinged to the first eccentric wheel. The end of the connecting rod away from the first eccentric wheel is hinged to the vibrating frame. When the drive unit is running, the first eccentric wheel drives the connecting rod to drive the vibrating frame and the double-layer vibrating screen to reciprocate in the inclined direction.
[0011] Furthermore, the crushing mechanism includes a crushing tank, which is fixedly connected to the frame. A hammer shaft is installed inside the crushing tank, and adjustable crushing hammers are evenly distributed on the hammer shaft. A second eccentric wheel is sleeved on the eccentric wheel linkage shaft, and a synchronous belt is sleeved on the second eccentric wheel. The end of the synchronous belt away from the second eccentric wheel is sleeved on the hammer shaft. The discharge end of the crushing tank is connected to the feed end of the air separation mechanism.
[0012] Furthermore, the air separation mechanism includes a centrifugal fan blade and an air separation channel. The centrifugal fan blade is coaxially and fixedly connected to the hammer blade shaft. A conical air guide hood is fitted on the outside of the centrifugal fan blade. The air separation channel is connected to the discharge end of the crushing tank. The air outlet of the conical air guide hood faces the feeding direction of the air separation channel. A fiber collection channel is provided above the air separation channel. The crushed material temporary storage bin is installed below the air separation channel.
[0013] An adjustable baffle plate rotates within the air separation channel. The adjustable baffle plate is connected to the control module via a signal. The adjustable baffle plate is used to adaptively adjust the tilt angle according to the humidity of the material. When the control module determines that the humidity is higher than the preset humidity threshold, the angle is increased; when the humidity is lower than the preset humidity threshold, the angle is decreased.
[0014] Furthermore, it also includes a monitoring component for real-time monitoring of equipment operating status and material characteristics. The monitoring component includes a pressure sensor for detecting material accumulation pressure, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature inside the chamber during the crushing process, and a humidity sensor for detecting the moisture content of the crushed material. The pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor are all connected to the control module signal. The pressure sensor is installed on the inner wall of the crushing tank inlet, the temperature sensor is installed on the side wall of the crushing tank, and the humidity sensor is installed at the inlet of the air separation channel.
[0015] When the control module determines that the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor is greater than the preset pressure threshold, the control module triggers the adjustment of the hammer gap and the speed of the crushing mechanism, while reducing the vibration frequency of the screening mechanism.
[0016] When the control module determines that the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor is greater than the preset temperature threshold, the control module controls the drive to reduce the speed.
[0017] When the control module determines that the humidity value detected by the humidity sensor is greater than the preset humidity threshold, the control module increases the angle of the adjustable wind deflector and simultaneously adjusts the speed of the drive component to increase the wind speed of the centrifugal fan.
[0018] Furthermore, the double-layer vibrating screen includes an upper screen for separating large-diameter stones and tile impurities and a lower screen for separating small-diameter stones and soil particles. The aperture of the upper screen is larger than that of the lower screen. The impurity collection chamber is provided with a first impurity collection chamber and a second impurity collection chamber corresponding to the double-layer vibrating screen. The first impurity collection chamber and the second impurity collection chamber are respectively used to receive the impurities separated by the upper screen and the lower screen.
[0019] Furthermore, a flip-up guide plate is provided at the outlet end of the fiber collection channel. A power component is coaxially fixedly connected to the flip-up guide plate. The power component is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fiber collection channel and is signal-connected to the control module.
[0020] When it is necessary to mix and store fibrous materials and shredded materials, the control module controls the power component to drive the flip-up guide plate to flip to a vertical state, and the fibrous materials fall into the crushed material temporary storage bin through the flip-up guide plate; when it is necessary to store fibrous materials separately, the flip-up guide plate flips to a horizontal state, and the fibrous materials enter the independent storage bin along the fiber collection channel.
[0021] Furthermore, it also includes a heat dissipation module, which includes a heat-conducting sleeve, heat dissipation fins, and a forced air cooling component. The heat-conducting sleeve is fitted on the outside of the crushing tank and is in contact with the outer wall of the crushing tank. The heat dissipation fins are evenly distributed on the outside of the heat-conducting sleeve. The forced air cooling component includes a cooling fan and an air guide shroud. The air guide shroud is fitted on the outside of the heat dissipation fins. The cooling fan is fixedly connected to one end of the air guide shroud. The cooling fan is connected to the control module via a signal connection. The start, stop, and speed of the cooling fan are linked to the temperature sensor detection data.
[0022] Furthermore, it also includes an early warning module, which includes an audible and visual alarm and a status indicator light. Both the audible and visual alarm and the status indicator light are installed on the outside of the rack and are connected to the control module via signals. When the control module detects that the pressure sensor data exceeds the pressure threshold or the temperature sensor data exceeds the temperature threshold and the temperature does not decrease after the heat dissipation module is started, the early warning module triggers the audible and visual alarm, and the status indicator light displays the corresponding fault type.
[0023] Furthermore, the drive module also includes an electromagnetic clutch and an overload protection switch. The electromagnetic clutch is sleeved on the connection end between the hammer shaft and the synchronous belt, and the overload protection switch is electrically connected to the drive component and the control module. When the load on the drive component exceeds the rated value, the overload protection switch cuts off the power supply to the drive component, and the control module synchronously controls the electromagnetic clutch to disconnect the power transmission.
[0024] The above approach has the following beneficial effects:
[0025] 1. This solution integrates screening, crushing, and air separation mechanisms through a single-power linkage design. The drive unit synchronously drives the screening mechanism to vibrate and the crushing mechanism to operate via an eccentric wheel linkage shaft. The air separation mechanism achieves synchronous separation through the coaxial power of the hammer rotor shaft, eliminating the need for intermediate conveying equipment and additional power sources. Compared to traditional technologies where screening, crushing, and separation modules are independent and require material transfer via conveyor belts or manual handling, this solution solves the problems of material spillage and blockage during material transport, reduces the equipment's footprint, and eliminates the need for multiple operators to coordinate the various modules, significantly improving the continuity and efficiency of the pretreatment process.
[0026] 2. This solution achieves adaptive adjustment of operating parameters for each mechanism through the linkage control of monitoring components and control modules: when the pressure sensor detects that the material accumulation pressure exceeds the threshold, the hammer gap, rotation speed, and screening frequency are adjusted synchronously; when the humidity sensor detects that the material humidity is too high, the angle of the baffle plate is increased and the wind speed of the air separator is increased; when the temperature sensor detects that the crushing tank is overheated, the drive components are controlled to slow down in time and the heat dissipation module is activated. Compared with the traditional technology where the crushing mechanism uses a single rotation speed, the screening structure has a fixed aperture, and the separation effect depends on manual intervention, the equipment has significantly improved adaptability to garden waste with uneven coarseness and fluctuating humidity. It effectively avoids the problems of "coarse material not being crushed and fine material being over-crushed" and incomplete separation of damp materials sticking together. The qualified particle size rate of the crushed material is improved, and the impurity residue rate is reduced.
[0027] 3. This solution integrates a reversible baffle plate, a heat dissipation module, an early warning module, and an overload protection mechanism, forming a comprehensive functional and safety protection system: the baffle plate can switch between material mixing or individual storage modes as needed to adapt to different fermentation requirements; the heat dissipation module is dynamically linked to the crushing temperature to prevent equipment damage due to high temperatures; the early warning module responds to blockage and over-temperature faults in real time and provides accurate alerts; the overload protection switch and electromagnetic clutch work in tandem to quickly cut off power and transmission. Compared with traditional pretreatment equipment that only has a single crushing and screening function and lacks targeted protection and flexible adaptation design, this equipment significantly reduces the failure rate and component wear, while significantly enhancing operational safety and environmental friendliness.
[0028] 4. This solution achieves comprehensive synergy between power, mechanism, and function through deep linkage of mechanical structure and coordinated optimization of control logic: single power source drive reduces energy consumption loss of multiple motors; shared power between air separation and crushing, and dynamic matching of heat dissipation and heat generation reduce overall energy consumption; double-layer vibrating screen for graded impurity removal and air separation form dual purification, ensuring the purity of organic fertilizer; seamless connection and linkage adjustment of each module shorten the pretreatment cycle. Compared with the traditional technology where each mechanism operates independently, resulting in high energy consumption and a lengthy process, this solution improves processing efficiency and material quality while achieving energy saving, consumption reduction, and sustainable operation, combining technological advancement with practical application value. Attached Figure Description
[0029] Figure 1 This is an isometric view of an embodiment of the pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste according to the present invention;
[0030] Figure 2 This is a top view of an embodiment of the pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste according to the present invention;
[0031] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A cross-sectional view along the AA direction.
[0032] The reference numerals in the accompanying drawings of the instruction manual include: 1. Frame; 2. Feed hopper; 3. Drive component; 4. Eccentric wheel linkage shaft; 401. First eccentric wheel; 402. Second eccentric wheel; 403. Synchronous belt; 5. Upper screen; 501. First impurity collection bin; 6. Lower screen; 601. Second impurity collection bin; 7. Vibrating frame; 701. Connecting rod; 8. Crushing tank; 9. Hammer shaft; 10. Adjustable crushing hammer; 11. Centrifugal fan; 12. Conical air guide hood; 13. Crushed material temporary storage bin; 14. Fiber collection channel; 15. Reversible guide plate. Detailed Implementation
[0033] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0034] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
[0035] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0036] The following detailed description illustrates the specific implementation method:
[0037] Example 1:
[0038] As attached Figures 1 to 3As shown: A pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer based on garden waste includes a frame 1, on which are installed a feeding hopper 2 for introducing garden waste, an impurity collection bin for classifying and collecting impurities of different particle sizes, a crushed material storage bin 13 for temporarily storing qualified crushed materials, a drive module for providing power output, and a control module for realizing adaptive adjustment and linkage control. The frame 1 is integrated with a screening mechanism for grading and screening impurities of garden waste, a crushing mechanism for crushing garden waste to a preset particle size, and an air separation mechanism for separating crushed fibrous materials and debris materials.
[0039] The drive module includes a drive component 3. In this embodiment, the drive component 3 is preferably a first servo motor. An eccentric wheel linkage shaft 4 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive component 3. The drive component 3 forms a rigid power transmission with the screening mechanism and the crushing mechanism through the eccentric wheel linkage shaft 4. The air separation mechanism forms a coaxial linkage power transmission with the crushing mechanism. The screening mechanism, the crushing mechanism and the air separation mechanism are all signal connected to the control module. The control module is used to adaptively adjust the operating parameters of the screening mechanism, the operating parameters of the crushing mechanism and the separation intensity of the air separation mechanism according to the load state of the crushing mechanism.
[0040] The screening mechanism includes a double-layer vibrating screen mounted at an incline on the frame 1. A vibrating frame 7 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the double-layer vibrating screen. A first eccentric wheel 401 is sleeved on the eccentric wheel linkage shaft 4. A connecting rod 701 is hinged to the first eccentric wheel 401. The end of the connecting rod 701 away from the first eccentric wheel 401 is hinged to the vibrating frame 7. When the drive component 3 operates, it drives the connecting rod 701 through the first eccentric wheel 401 to drive the vibrating frame 7 and the double-layer vibrating screen to reciprocate in the incline direction. The double-layer vibrating screen includes an upper screen 5 for separating large-diameter stones and tile impurities and a lower screen 6 for separating small-diameter stones and soil particles. The aperture of the upper screen 5 is larger than that of the lower screen 6. The impurity collection chamber is provided with a first impurity collection chamber 501 and a second impurity collection chamber 601 corresponding to the double-layer vibrating screen. The first impurity collection chamber 501 and the second impurity collection chamber 601 are respectively used to receive the impurities separated by the upper screen 5 and the lower screen 6.
[0041] The crushing mechanism includes a crushing tank 8, which is fixedly connected to the frame 1. A hammer shaft 9 is installed inside the crushing tank 8. The hammer shaft 9 is arranged at a 30° angle with the discharge end of the double-layer vibrating screen. Adjustable crushing hammers 10 are evenly distributed on the hammer shaft 9. A second eccentric wheel 402 is sleeved on the eccentric wheel linkage shaft 4. A synchronous belt 403 is sleeved on the second eccentric wheel 402. The end of the synchronous belt 403 away from the second eccentric wheel 402 is sleeved on the hammer shaft 9. The discharge end of the crushing tank 8 is connected to the feed end of the air separation mechanism.
[0042] The air separation mechanism includes a centrifugal fan blade 11 and an air separation channel. The centrifugal fan blade 11 is coaxially fixedly connected to the end of the hammer shaft 9. A conical air guide shroud 12 is sleeved on the outside of the centrifugal fan blade 11. The air separation channel is connected to the discharge end of the crushing tank 8. The air outlet of the conical air guide shroud 12 faces the feeding direction of the air separation channel. A fiber collection channel 14 is provided above the air separation channel. The crushed material temporary storage bin 13 is installed below the air separation channel. An adjustable baffle plate is rotatably fitted inside the air separation channel. The adjustable baffle plate is connected to the control module via signal. The adjustable baffle plate is used to adaptively adjust the tilt angle according to the material humidity. When the control module determines that the humidity is higher than the preset humidity threshold, the angle is increased. When the humidity is lower than the preset humidity threshold, the angle is decreased.
[0043] It also includes monitoring components for real-time monitoring of equipment operating status and material characteristics. These components include a pressure sensor for detecting material accumulation pressure, a temperature sensor for detecting temperature within the crushing chamber during the crushing process, and a humidity sensor for detecting the moisture content of the crushed material. All three sensors are connected to the control module. The pressure sensor is installed on the inner wall of the crushing chamber 8 inlet, the temperature sensor is installed on the side wall of the crushing chamber 8, and the humidity sensor is installed at the inlet of the air separation channel. When the control module determines that the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor is greater than a preset pressure threshold, it triggers the adjustment of the hammer gap and rotation speed of the crushing mechanism, while simultaneously reducing the vibration frequency of the screening mechanism. When the control module determines that the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor is greater than a preset temperature threshold, it controls the drive component 3 to reduce its rotation speed. When the control module determines that the humidity value detected by the humidity sensor is greater than a preset humidity threshold, it increases the angle of the adjustable baffle plate and simultaneously adjusts the rotation speed of the drive component 3 to increase the wind speed of the centrifugal fan blade 11.
[0044] The specific implementation process is as follows: Garden waste (dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, pruned branches, etc.) is evenly fed into the device through the feed hopper 2. The control module starts the drive component 3 (first servo motor), and the equipment enters the continuous pre-processing process. The specific steps are as follows:
[0045] When the drive unit 3 operates, its output shaft drives the eccentric wheel linkage shaft 4 to rotate synchronously. The first eccentric wheel 401 on the eccentric wheel linkage shaft 4 pulls the vibrating frame 7 through the connecting rod 701, causing the double-layer vibrating screen to reciprocate along the inclined direction. After garden waste falls into the upper screen 5, it achieves initial separation under the action of vibration: large stones, tiles, and other impurities with a particle size larger than the aperture of the upper screen 5 are intercepted and slide along the inclined surface of the upper screen 5 into the first impurity collection bin 501 on the side; at the same time, they gradually fall off due to the reciprocating vibration force, reducing the occurrence of aggregation. The waste (including small stones, soil particles, and the waste itself) after being screened in the upper layer continues to fall to the lower screen 6. Small-diameter stones, soil particles, and other impurities fall into the second impurity collection chamber 601 at the bottom through the aperture of the lower screen 6, completing the secondary impurity removal. The screened clean garden waste slides directly onto the crushing tank 8 of the crushing mechanism along the inclined mesh of the double-layer vibrating screen (because the hammer shaft 9 and the screen discharge end are at a 30° angle, the material can be fed smoothly without an intermediate conveying mechanism).
[0046] While the eccentric wheel linkage shaft 4 rotates under the drive of the synchronous belt 403, the second eccentric wheel 402 drives the hammer blade shaft 9 to rotate at high speed via the synchronous belt 403, thereby driving the adjustable crushing hammer blades 10 to crush the garden waste entering the crushing tank 8. During the crushing process, the pressure sensor on the inner wall of the inlet of the crushing tank 8 detects the material accumulation pressure in real time and transmits the data to the control module.
[0047] When the detected pressure value is less than or equal to the preset pressure threshold (corresponding to conventional coarse and fine mixtures), the control module maintains the initial rotation speed of the hammer shaft 9 and the hammer gap to ensure that the material is crushed to a particle size less than or equal to the qualified standard.
[0048] When the detected pressure value exceeds the preset pressure threshold (e.g., large, connected debris entering and causing accumulation), the control module immediately triggers an adjustment command: on the one hand, it controls the adjustable crushing hammer 10 to increase the gap between itself and the crushing chamber 8 wall to prevent coarse material from getting stuck; on the other hand, it fine-tunes the speed of the hammer shaft 9 by adjusting the output power of the drive component 3 to increase the single impact force and ensure that the coarse material is fully crushed; at the same time, it simultaneously reduces the vibration frequency of the screening mechanism to slow down the material feeding speed and prevent the crushing chamber 8 from being overloaded.
[0049] During the crushing process, the temperature sensor on the side wall of the crushing chamber 8 monitors the temperature inside the chamber in real time. When the detected temperature value is greater than the preset temperature threshold (due to material friction and heat generation from high motor load), the control module controls the drive component 3 to reduce the speed and reduce heat generation, ensuring stable operation of the equipment.
[0050] When the hammer shaft 9 rotates, the centrifugal fan 11, which is coaxially fixed at its end, rotates synchronously, generating a directional airflow (directed towards the feed end of the air-classifying channel) under the guidance of the conical air guide shroud 12. The crushed, qualified materials (fibrous materials such as twig fragments, and debris such as fallen leaf powder) directly enter the air-classifying channel from the discharge end of the crushing tank 8. A humidity sensor at the inlet of the air-classifying channel detects the material's humidity in real time and transmits the data to the control module.
[0051] When the detected humidity value is less than or equal to the preset humidity threshold, the control module controls the adjustable baffle to maintain the initial tilt angle. The airflow transports the low-density, high-volume fibrous materials to the upper fiber collection channel 14, while the high-density, high-density debris falls into the lower crushed material storage bin 13 under the influence of gravity, achieving efficient separation.
[0052] When the detected humidity value exceeds the preset humidity threshold (damp materials are prone to sticking), the control module immediately increases the tilt angle of the adjustable baffle and simultaneously increases the speed of the drive component 3, thereby increasing the wind speed of the centrifugal fan blade 11. By increasing the airflow intensity, the sticking of materials is broken, ensuring that fibrous and shaving materials are completely separated, and avoiding incomplete separation due to humidity.
[0053] After air separation, fibrous materials are discharged along fiber collection channel 14, while debris falls into crushed material temporary storage bin 13. The two types of materials can be temporarily stored or mixed according to subsequent fermentation needs (in this embodiment, they are designed for independent temporary storage). A small amount of material that does not meet the standards after crushing (if any) will be circulated with the airflow or guided back to the crushing tank 8 at the end of the air separation channel (in this embodiment, natural reflux is achieved through channel structure design) to ensure that the materials are qualified throughout the process.
[0054] After a batch of garden waste has been pre-treated, drive unit 3 is turned off, and the control module records the operating parameters (processing volume, number of adjustments, peak temperature / pressure / humidity, etc.). Operators can then clean the impurities in the first impurity collection chamber 501 and the second impurity collection chamber 601, and retrieve the pre-treated qualified materials from the crushed material temporary storage chamber 13 and the fiber collection channel 14 for subsequent fermentation. The entire process achieves continuous operation of screening, crushing, and air separation, eliminating the need for manual transfer and significantly improving processing efficiency compared to traditional equipment.
[0055] Example 2:
[0056] As attached Figure 3 As shown, the difference from Embodiment 1 is that the outlet end of the fiber collection channel 14 is provided with a flip-type guide plate 15, and the flip-type guide plate 15 is coaxially fixedly connected to a power component. In this embodiment, the power component is preferably a second servo motor. The power component is fixedly connected to the inner side wall of the fiber collection channel 14 and is signal-connected to the control module.
[0057] When it is necessary to mix and store fibrous materials and shredded materials, the control module controls the power component to drive the flip-type guide plate 15 to flip to a vertical state, and the fibrous materials fall into the crushed material temporary storage bin 13 through the flip-type guide plate 15; when it is necessary to store fibrous materials separately, the flip-type guide plate 15 flips to a horizontal state, and the fibrous materials enter the independent storage bin along the fiber collection channel 14.
[0058] The specific implementation process is as follows: Garden waste (dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds, pruned branches, etc.) is evenly fed into the device through hopper 2. The operator presets the material storage mode (mixed storage or separate storage) through the control module according to the requirements of the subsequent fermentation process. Then, the control module starts the drive component 3 (first servo motor), and the equipment enters the continuous pre-processing process. The specific steps are as follows:
[0059] When the drive unit 3 is running, the output shaft drives the eccentric wheel linkage shaft 4 to rotate synchronously. The first eccentric wheel 401 on the eccentric wheel linkage shaft 4 pulls the vibrating frame 7 through the connecting rod 701, causing the double-layer vibrating screen to reciprocate along the inclined direction. After the garden waste falls into the upper screen 5, it is classified and impurities are removed under the action of vibration: large-diameter stones, tiles and other impurities are intercepted by the upper screen 5 and slide into the first impurity collection bin 501 along the inclined surface; the material after the upper screening falls to the lower screen 6, and small-diameter stones, soil particles and other impurities fall into the second impurity collection bin 601 through the aperture of the lower screen 6; the screened pure garden waste slides directly into the crushing bin 8 along the inclined mesh surface.
[0060] The eccentric wheel linkage shaft 4 synchronously drives the hammer shaft 9 to rotate at high speed via the second eccentric wheel 402 and the synchronous belt 403. The adjustable crushing hammer 10 crushes the garden waste entering the crushing tank 8. The rotation of the hammer shaft 9 drives the centrifugal fan 11 at the end to rotate synchronously, generating a directional airflow under the action of the conical air guide shroud 12. The crushed material (fibers and debris) enters the air separation channel.
[0061] After air separation, the materials are stored according to a preset storage mode under the control of the control module.
[0062] Preset "mixed storage" mode (adapted to scenarios where fiber and debris need to be mixed for fermentation): The control module sends a command to the power component (second servo motor) to drive the flip-type guide plate 15 to flip to a vertical state. At this time, the fiber collection channel 14 and the crushed material temporary storage bin 13 form a connecting path. The fiber material slides into the crushed material temporary storage bin 13 through the horizontal guide plate and mixes with the debris material falling from the top feed port to achieve mixed temporary storage.
[0063] Preset "Separate Storage" mode (adapted to scenarios where fibers and debris need to be used separately): The control module controls the power component to drive the flip-type guide plate 15 to flip to a horizontal state, the fiber collection channel 14 is disconnected from the crushed material temporary storage bin 13, the fiber material enters the independent storage bin directly along the fiber collection channel 14, and the debris material continuously falls into the crushed material temporary storage bin 13, realizing the separate storage of the two types of materials.
[0064] Example 3:
[0065] The difference from Embodiment 2 is that it also includes a heat dissipation module (not shown in the figure). The heat dissipation module includes a heat-conducting sleeve, heat dissipation fins and a forced air cooling component. The heat-conducting sleeve is sleeved on the outside of the crushing tank 8 and fits against the outer wall of the crushing tank 8. The heat dissipation fins are evenly distributed on the outside of the heat-conducting sleeve. The forced air cooling component includes a heat dissipation fan and an air guide shroud. The air guide shroud is covered on the outside of the heat dissipation fins. The heat dissipation fan is fixedly connected to one end of the air guide shroud. The heat dissipation fan is signal connected to the control module. The start, stop and speed of the heat dissipation fan are linked to the temperature sensor detection data.
[0066] The specific implementation process is as follows: During the crushing process, the temperature sensor on the side wall of the crushing chamber monitors the temperature inside the chamber in real time, and forms a linkage control with the heat dissipation module:
[0067] When the detected temperature value is less than or equal to the preset temperature threshold, the control module keeps the cooling fan off and only uses the heat-conducting sleeve and heat dissipation fins for natural heat dissipation to reduce energy consumption.
[0068] When the detected temperature value exceeds the preset temperature threshold, the control module immediately starts the cooling fan and adjusts the fan speed according to the degree of temperature exceedance. The airflow is guided by the air guide shroud to quickly flow through the heat dissipation fins, enhances the heat dissipation transferred by the heat conduction sleeve, and quickly reduces the temperature of the broken tank.
[0069] When the temperature sensor detects that the temperature has dropped below the preset temperature threshold, the control module controls the cooling fan to gradually reduce its speed until it shuts down, achieving a dynamic match between heat dissipation and heat generation.
[0070] Example 4:
[0071] The difference from Embodiment 3 is that it also includes an early warning module, which includes an audible and visual alarm and a status indicator. Both the audible and visual alarm and the status indicator are installed on the outside of the frame 1 and are connected to the control module via signals. When the control module detects that the pressure sensor data exceeds the pressure threshold or the temperature sensor data exceeds the temperature threshold and the temperature does not decrease after the heat dissipation module is started, the early warning module triggers the audible and visual alarm, and the status indicator displays the corresponding fault type.
[0072] The specific implementation process is as follows: When the pressure value is greater than the preset threshold, the control module first triggers the adjustment command; if the pressure does not drop after adjustment, the control module determines that it is a "blockage fault" and immediately triggers the early warning module: the audible and visual alarm starts to sound continuously, and the status indicator light (blue) starts to flash, prompting the operator to deal with the coarse material jamming problem in time.
[0073] During the crushing process, the temperature sensor on the side wall of the crushing chamber monitors the temperature inside the chamber in real time. When the temperature value exceeds the preset temperature threshold, the control module starts the cooling fan. If the temperature continues to rise after the cooling fan starts (without showing a downward trend), the control module determines it as a "high temperature fault" and triggers the warning module: the audible and visual alarm switches to intermittent buzzing, and the status indicator light (yellow) flashes, reminding the operator to check the cooling module or reduce the equipment load. When the temperature drops below the preset temperature threshold, the control module controls the cooling fan to gradually reduce its speed until it shuts down, and at the same time, the high temperature warning is lifted, the audible and visual alarm stops sounding, and the status indicator light returns to a constant green (indicating normal operation).
[0074] Example 5:
[0075] The difference from Embodiment 4 is that the drive module also includes an electromagnetic clutch and an overload protection switch. The electromagnetic clutch is sleeved on the connection end between the hammer shaft 9 and the synchronous belt 403. The overload protection switch is electrically connected to the drive component 3 and the control module. When the load on the drive component 3 exceeds the rated value, the overload protection switch cuts off the power supply to the drive component 3, and the control module synchronously controls the electromagnetic clutch to disconnect the power transmission.
[0076] The specific implementation process is as follows: The overload protection switch monitors the load status of drive component 3 in real time and forms a linkage protection with the control module and electromagnetic clutch:
[0077] When the load on drive component 3 is less than or equal to the rated value, the overload protection switch remains closed, and the equipment operates normally. When the load on drive component 3 is greater than the rated value (e.g., due to severe material jamming or mechanical failure of the equipment causing a sudden increase in load), the overload protection switch immediately cuts off the power supply to drive component 3. The control module receives the overload signal synchronously and instantly controls the electromagnetic clutch to disconnect the power transmission, preventing the hammer shaft 9 from continuing to rotate due to inertia and causing damage to the equipment components. At the same time, the warning module triggers the audible and visual alarm to sound continuously and rapidly, and the status indicator light (red) flashes rapidly, clearly indicating "overload fault".
[0078] Operators must first troubleshoot the fault (clear stuck materials, repair mechanical parts, etc.). After the fault is cleared, manually reset the overload protection switch, issue a reset command through the control module, the electromagnetic clutch will return to the engaged state, the warning module will stop alarming, the status indicator light will return to solid green, and the equipment can be restarted.
[0079] Obviously, the above embodiments are merely illustrative examples for clear explanation and are not intended to limit the implementation. Those skilled in the art will recognize that other variations or modifications can be made based on the above description. It is neither necessary nor possible to exhaustively list all possible implementations here. However, obvious variations or modifications derived therefrom are still within the scope of protection of this invention.
Claims
1. A pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste, comprising a frame (1), on which are installed a feed hopper (2) for introducing garden waste, an impurity collection bin for classifying and collecting impurities of different particle sizes, a crushed material storage bin (13) for temporarily storing qualified crushed material, a drive module for providing power output, and a control module for realizing adaptive adjustment and linkage control, characterized in that, The frame (1) is equipped with a screening mechanism for classifying and screening impurities in garden waste, a crushing mechanism for crushing garden waste to a preset particle size, and an air separation mechanism for separating fibrous materials and debris after crushing. The drive module includes a drive component (3), and an eccentric wheel linkage shaft (4) is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the drive component (3). The drive component (3) forms a rigid power transmission with the screening mechanism and the crushing mechanism through the eccentric wheel linkage shaft (4). The air separation mechanism forms a coaxial linkage power transmission with the crushing mechanism. The screening mechanism, the crushing mechanism and the air separation mechanism are all connected to the control module. The control module is used to adaptively adjust the operating parameters of the screening mechanism, the operating parameters of the crushing mechanism and the separation intensity of the air separation mechanism according to the load state of the crushing mechanism.
2. The pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste according to claim 1, characterized in that, The screening mechanism includes a double-layer vibrating screen that is installed at an inclination on the frame (1). A vibrating frame (7) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the double-layer vibrating screen. A first eccentric wheel (401) is sleeved on the eccentric wheel linkage shaft (4). A connecting rod (701) is hinged to the first eccentric wheel (401). The end of the connecting rod (701) away from the first eccentric wheel (401) is hinged to the vibrating frame (7). When the drive component (3) is running, it drives the connecting rod (701) through the first eccentric wheel (401) to drive the vibrating frame (7) and the double-layer vibrating screen to reciprocate along the inclination direction.
3. The pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste according to claim 2, characterized in that, The crushing mechanism includes a crushing tank (8), which is fixedly connected to the frame (1). A hammer shaft (9) is installed inside the crushing tank (8). Adjustable crushing hammers (10) are evenly distributed on the hammer shaft (9). A second eccentric wheel (402) is sleeved on the eccentric wheel linkage shaft (4). A synchronous belt (403) is sleeved on the second eccentric wheel (402). The end of the synchronous belt (403) away from the second eccentric wheel (402) is sleeved on the hammer shaft (9). The discharge end of the crushing tank (8) is connected to the feed end of the air separation mechanism.
4. The pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste according to claim 3, characterized in that, The air separation mechanism includes a centrifugal fan blade (11) and an air separation channel. The centrifugal fan blade (11) is coaxially fixedly connected to the hammer blade shaft (9). A conical air guide hood (12) is fitted on the outside of the centrifugal fan blade (11). The air separation channel is connected to the discharge end of the crushing tank (8). The air outlet of the conical air guide hood (12) faces the feeding direction of the air separation channel. A fiber collection channel (14) is set above the air separation channel. The crushed material temporary storage bin (13) is installed below the air separation channel. An adjustable baffle plate rotates within the air separation channel. The adjustable baffle plate is connected to the control module via a signal. The adjustable baffle plate is used to adaptively adjust the tilt angle according to the humidity of the material. When the control module determines that the humidity is higher than the preset humidity threshold, the angle is increased; when the humidity is lower than the preset humidity threshold, the angle is decreased.
5. The pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a monitoring component for real-time monitoring of equipment operation status and material characteristics. The monitoring component includes a pressure sensor for detecting material accumulation pressure, a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature inside the chamber during the crushing process, and a humidity sensor for detecting the humidity of the material after crushing. The pressure sensor, temperature sensor, and humidity sensor are all connected to the control module signal. The pressure sensor is installed on the inner wall of the inlet of the crushing tank (8), the temperature sensor is installed on the side wall of the crushing tank (8), and the humidity sensor is installed at the inlet of the air separation channel. When the control module determines that the pressure value detected by the pressure sensor is greater than the preset pressure threshold, the control module triggers the adjustment of the hammer gap and the speed of the crushing mechanism, while reducing the vibration frequency of the screening mechanism. When the control module determines that the temperature value detected by the temperature sensor is greater than the preset temperature threshold, the control module controls the drive component (3) to reduce the rotation speed. When the control module determines that the humidity value detected by the humidity sensor is greater than the preset humidity threshold, the control module increases the angle of the adjustable wind deflector and at the same time adjusts the speed of the drive component (3) to increase the wind speed of the centrifugal fan (11).
6. The pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste according to claim 5, characterized in that, The double-layer vibrating screen includes an upper screen (5) for separating large-diameter stones and tile impurities and a lower screen (6) for separating small-diameter stones and soil particles. The aperture of the upper screen (5) is larger than that of the lower screen (6). The impurity collection chamber is provided with a first impurity collection chamber (501) and a second impurity collection chamber (601) corresponding to the double-layer vibrating screen. The first impurity collection chamber (501) and the second impurity collection chamber (601) are respectively used to receive the impurities separated by the upper screen (5) and the lower screen (6).
7. The pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste according to claim 6, characterized in that, The outlet end of the fiber collection channel (14) is provided with a flip-type guide plate (15). The flip-type guide plate (15) is coaxially fixedly connected to a power component. The power component is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the fiber collection channel (14). The power component is connected to the control module signal. When it is necessary to mix and store fibrous materials and shredded materials, the control module controls the power component to drive the flip-type guide plate (15) to flip to a vertical state, and the fibrous materials fall into the crushed material temporary storage bin (13) through the flip-type guide plate (15); when it is necessary to store fibrous materials separately, the flip-type guide plate (15) flips to a horizontal state, and the fibrous materials enter the independent storage bin along the fiber collection channel (14).
8. The pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste according to claim 7, characterized in that, It also includes a heat dissipation module, which includes a heat-conducting sleeve, heat dissipation fins and a forced air cooling component. The heat-conducting sleeve is fitted on the outside of the crushing tank (8) and is attached to the outer wall of the crushing tank (8). The heat dissipation fins are evenly distributed on the outside of the heat-conducting sleeve. The forced air cooling component includes a heat dissipation fan and a wind guide shroud. The wind guide shroud is covered on the outside of the heat dissipation fins. The heat dissipation fan is fixedly connected to one end of the wind guide shroud. The heat dissipation fan is connected to the control module signal. The start, stop and speed of the heat dissipation fan are linked with the temperature sensor detection data.
9. The pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes an early warning module, which includes an audible and visual alarm and a status indicator. The audible and visual alarm and the status indicator are both installed on the outside of the frame (1). The audible and visual alarm and the status indicator are both connected to the control module signal. When the control module detects that the pressure sensor data is greater than the pressure threshold, the temperature sensor data exceeds the temperature threshold, and the heat dissipation module has not dropped after it is started, the early warning module triggers the audible and visual alarm and the status indicator displays the corresponding fault type.
10. The pretreatment device for preparing organic fertilizer from garden waste according to claim 9, characterized in that, The drive module also includes an electromagnetic clutch and an overload protection switch. The electromagnetic clutch is fitted at the connection end between the hammer shaft (9) and the synchronous belt (403). The overload protection switch is electrically connected to the drive component (3) and the control module. When the load on the drive component (3) exceeds the rated value, the overload protection switch cuts off the power supply to the drive component (3), and the control module synchronously controls the electromagnetic clutch to disconnect the power transmission.