Puncture-resistant high-water-permeability composite geotextile and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of geosynthetic materials, and discloses a puncture-resistant and high-water-permeability composite geotextile and a preparation method thereof.The composite geotextile comprises a base cloth layer and a porous functional coating; the porous functional coating is formed by coating a functional coating solution containing a light-cured resin matrix, a water-soluble pore-foaming agent, aminated glass flakes and hydrophobic modified fumed silica, curing and eluting the pore-foaming agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: coating the functional coating liquid on the base cloth layer in a high-shear manner, so that the aminated glass flakes are oriented in parallel; carrying out first curing treatment to gelatinize the surface of the coating so as to lock orientation; carrying out heat treatment on the gel-state material, and inducing thermally induced phase separation of the water-soluble pore-foaming agent by utilizing the affinity of the surface of the aminated glass flake to form a through network arranged along the glass flake; and finally, eluting and deeply curing to dissolve out the pore-foaming agent to form pores. Through a time-sharing control process and filler surface induction, high puncture strength and high vertical permeability are synergistically realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geosynthetic materials technology, specifically to a puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, composite geotextiles are widely used in civil engineering, water conservancy, and environmental protection fields (such as landfill seepage prevention systems). These materials must perform complex mechanical functions, such as reinforcement, isolation, and protection. Simultaneously, they also need to possess specific hydraulic properties, such as drainage and filtration.

[0003] Regarding the aforementioned issues, existing technologies for achieving puncture resistance primarily employ methods such as increasing the base fabric weight or using composite high-strength geomembranes. Other technologies reinforce the base fabric by applying a polymer coating. In terms of permeability, the material mainly relies on the fiber pores of the base fabric for drainage. When using coatings, some solutions employ mechanical needle punching to create pores in the coating, or add foaming agents to the polymer to create a porous structure.

[0004] The aforementioned existing technologies have shortcomings. Using thick coatings or composite geomembranes can block or isolate the material's seepage channels, leading to a decrease in vertical permeability. A technical contradiction exists between puncture resistance and permeability. If fillers are added to the coating, these fillers are typically randomly dispersed, resulting in low efficiency in contributing to mechanical properties. If mechanical perforation is used to restore permeability, it will sever the base fabric fibers, sacrificing the material's overall strength and puncture resistance. Furthermore, using foaming agents to create pores results in uncontrollable pore structures, easily forming numerous ineffective closed pores, making it impossible to guarantee a stable vertical permeability.

[0005] Therefore, the present invention provides a puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile and its preparation method to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides a puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile and its preparation method, solving the problem that traditional composite geotextiles cannot simultaneously possess both high puncture resistance and high vertical permeability.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: In a first aspect, the present invention provides a puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile, comprising a base fabric layer and a porous functional coating disposed on the base fabric layer; the porous functional coating is formed by coating, curing and eluting of component B of a functional coating liquid; the functional coating liquid is made from raw materials comprising the following parts by weight: Component A: 100 parts, wherein Component A is a mixture of polyurethane acrylate and isobornyl acrylate; Component B: 30-60 parts, wherein Component B is a mixture of polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone; Component C: 80-150 parts, wherein component C is aminated glass flakes; Component D: 3-10 parts, wherein component D is hydrophobically modified fumed silica; Component E: 3-5 parts, wherein component E is a photoinitiator.

[0008] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention solves the problem of mutual restriction between the puncture resistance and permeability of composite geotextiles through the synergistic effect of specific functional coating liquid components.

[0009] Construction of a high-puncture-resistant structure: A high concentration of component C, aminated glass flakes, in the coating solution serves as the primary puncture-resistant framework. Component D, hydrophobically modified fumed silica, acts as a rheological control and pinning agent, imparting shear-thinning properties to the coating solution. During subsequent high-shear coating, the glass flakes of component C are oriented parallel to the base fabric layer and are rapidly pinned by the thixotropic network constructed by component D after shear force removal. Surface curing in S3 further locks this orientation. The high-filling-content and parallel-oriented component C forms a high-strength laminated structure within the coating, resulting in excellent puncture resistance.

[0010] Formation of interconnected pore channels: After amination modification, component C has a large number of polar amino functional groups on its surface. The porogens in component B (polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone) are also highly polar polymers. Based on the principle of polar compatibility, component B and component C have high interfacial affinity. In the subsequent S4 thermally induced phase separation step, component B no longer randomly nucleates in the matrix, but preferentially nucleates, enriches, and grows on the surface of component C, forming an interconnected porogen network arranged along the framework of component C. In the S5 elution step, this continuous network is dissolved, thus forming highly efficient interconnected permeation channels between the frameworks of component C, thereby achieving high water permeability.

[0011] Therefore, this invention induces the phase separation behavior of component B by modifying the surface of component C, and combines the pinning of component C's orientation by component D, thus simultaneously constructing a high-strength orientation skeleton and a high-efficiency through-hole within the product.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of polyurethane acrylate to isobornyl acrylate in component A is 8:2; and the mass ratio of polyethylene glycol to polyvinylpyrrolidone in component B is 7:3.

[0013] Preferably, the preparation method of the C-component aminated glass flakes is as follows: after dispersing and activating the E-glass flakes in an alcohol-water solution, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is added for grafting reaction; wherein, the average particle size of the E-glass flakes is 50-100 μm and the average thickness is 2-5 μm.

[0014] Preferably, the amount of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane added is 2%-8% of the mass of the E-glass flakes.

[0015] Preferably, component E is a mixture of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone in a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0016] Preferably, the base fabric layer is a polypropylene spunbond needle-punched nonwoven geotextile.

[0017] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for preparing a puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile, comprising the following steps: S1. Mix solvent component F with components A, B, C, D and E to prepare a functional coating liquid; S2. The functional coating liquid is coated onto the base fabric layer using a high-shear coating method, causing the C component to oriented. S3. Perform a first curing treatment on the coating of S2 to gel the surface of the functional coating liquid and lock the orientation of the C component; S4. Heat-treat the gel-like material from S3 to induce thermal phase separation in component B; S5. The material from S4 is subjected to elution and deep curing treatment to dissolve the B component to form pores and to completely cure the A component.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, this preparation method employs a time-division controlled process flow to precisely regulate the mechanical and pore structures of the material. The components A, B, C, D, and E are as described in the first aspect.

[0019] The combination of S2 and S3: S2 high-shear coating achieves the mechanical orientation of the C component glass flakes. S3 is the first curing treatment, which utilizes low-energy UV-LEDs to rapidly gel the coating surface. This thin gel layer acts as a locking agent, providing sufficient mechanical strength to fix the oriented C component, preventing it from settling or rebounding due to gravity or viscosity changes during the subsequent S4 heat treatment, thus ensuring the final puncture resistance.

[0020] Separation of S3 and S4: The surface curing of S3 is incomplete; the coating interior remains in a liquid or gel state. This ensures that during the S4 heat treatment, the porogen of component B still possesses sufficient mobility and phase separation driving force, enabling it to respond to the surface induction of component C, fully undergo phase separation, and form a through-network. This method avoids the kinetic limitation on phase separation of component B caused by the premature formation of the matrix network of component A in traditional simultaneous curing processes, preventing the porogen from being encapsulated and forming ineffective dead pores.

[0021] Final processing of S5: The through-through B-component network formed in S4 is efficiently eluted in S5, followed by deep curing to fully cross-link the A-component matrix and finally set the shape.

[0022] This method achieves a balance between mechanical properties and permeability through a series of time-separated steps: S3 pre-curing to lock the mechanical structure, S4 heat treatment to construct the pore structure, and S5 elution and curing for final shaping.

[0023] Preferably, in S1, component F is a mixed solvent of propylene glycol methyl ether and ethanol, and the amount of component F is adjusted so that the non-volatile solids content of the functional coating liquid is 40%-60%; before coating in S2, the base fabric layer is subjected to corona treatment.

[0024] Preferably, in S2, the high-shear coating method is blade coating, the coating line speed is 5-15m / min, and the blade gap is 300-600μm; in S3, the first curing treatment uses a UV-LED array with a wavelength of 395nm and a light intensity of 0.5-2.0W / cm2.

[0025] Preferably, in S4, the heat treatment temperature is 70-100℃ and the residence time is 30-90s; in S5, the elution treatment is performed by soaking in warm water at 50-70℃.

[0026] This invention provides a puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile and its preparation method. It possesses the following beneficial effects: 1. This invention incorporates a high content of aminated glass flakes as a reinforcing skeleton into the functional coating liquid. Utilizing the thixotropic properties of hydrophobically modified fumed silica, the aminated glass flakes achieve an orientation parallel to the base fabric during high-shear coating in step S2. Pre-curing in step S3 further locks this orientation. Ultimately, the aminated glass flake laminate structure formed in the coating effectively disperses and resists external stress, preventing puncture damage from sharp objects. 2. This invention utilizes the amination modification of the surface of aminated glass flakes to give them high interfacial affinity for polar water-soluble porogens. In the S4 thermally induced phase separation step, the water-soluble porogen is induced to nucleate and accumulate on the oriented aminated glass flake surface, forming an interconnected porogen network arranged along the aminated glass flake skeleton. After elution in S5, highly efficient through-flow channels are formed between the aminated glass flake skeletons, ensuring that water can flow efficiently and vertically through the composite geotextile. 3. This invention employs time-division control of the S3 first curing step and the S4 thermally induced phase separation step. The surface gelation in the S3 first curing step locks in the mechanical orientation of the aminated glass flakes while preserving the fluidity within the coating; this allows the water-soluble porogen to fully undergo phase separation in the S4 thermally induced phase separation step, forming a continuous network. This method avoids the problem in traditional processes where the matrix cures too quickly, leading to the water-soluble porogen being encapsulated and forming ineffective dead pores, thus synergistically achieving high puncture resistance and high water permeability. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0028] Preparation Examples 1-3: Preparation Example 1: Activation: Weigh 100.0g of E-glass flakes (average particle size 50-100μm, average thickness 2-5μm) and place them in a 500mL three-necked round-bottom flask. Add 250mL of anhydrous ethanol and 25mL of deionized water, and ultrasonically disperse at room temperature (25℃) for 15 minutes to activate the hydroxyl groups on the surface of the glass flakes and suspend them uniformly.

[0029] Coupling: Turn on the mechanical stirrer (200-300 rpm) and slowly add 5.0 g (5% of the filler mass) of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to the above suspension through a constant pressure dropping funnel.

[0030] Reaction: After the addition is complete, install a condenser and heat the mixture to 80°C. Maintain the reflux reaction at this temperature for 5 hours to allow APTES to be fully hydrolyzed and covalently bonded to the hydroxyl groups on the glass flake surface.

[0031] Purification: After the reaction is complete, stop heating and cool the mixture to room temperature. Transfer the suspension to a centrifuge tube and centrifuge at 4000 rpm for 10 minutes, discarding the supernatant. Add 200 mL of anhydrous ethanol to the precipitate, vortex to redisperse, and then centrifuge again. Repeat this washing and centrifugation process a total of 4 times to thoroughly remove unreacted APTES and hydrolysis byproducts.

[0032] Drying: Transfer the washed solid product to a vacuum oven and dry it under vacuum at 85°C for 12 hours.

[0033] Post-processing: The dried product is ground in a mortar and passed through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain ammoniated glass flakes C-Mod-1, which are then sealed for later use.

[0034] Preparation Example 2: Activation: Weigh 100.0g of E-glass flakes (average particle size 50-100μm, average thickness 2-5μm) and place them in a 500mL three-necked round-bottom flask. Add 250mL of anhydrous ethanol and 25mL of deionized water, and sonicate at room temperature (25℃) for 15 minutes.

[0035] Coupling: Turn on the mechanical stirrer (200-300 rpm) and slowly add 2.0 g (2% of the filler mass) of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to the above suspension through a constant pressure dropping funnel.

[0036] Reaction: After the addition is complete, install the condenser and heat the mixture to 75°C. Maintain the reflux reaction at this temperature for 4 hours.

[0037] Purification: After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature. Following the same method as in Preparation Example 1, the mixture was centrifuged and washed with anhydrous ethanol, repeating the washing and centrifugation process a total of 3 times.

[0038] Drying: Transfer the washed solid product to a vacuum oven and dry it under vacuum at 80°C for 10 hours.

[0039] Post-processing: The dried product is ground in a mortar and passed through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain ammoniated glass flakes C-Mod-2, which is then sealed for later use.

[0040] Preparation Example 3: Activation: Weigh 100.0g of E-glass flakes (average particle size 50-100μm, average thickness 2-5μm) and place them in a 500mL three-necked round-bottom flask. Add 250mL of anhydrous ethanol and 25mL of deionized water, and sonicate at room temperature (25℃) for 15 minutes.

[0041] Coupling: Turn on the mechanical stirrer (200-300 rpm) and slowly add 8.0 g (8% of the filler mass) of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to the above suspension through a constant pressure dropping funnel.

[0042] Reaction: After the addition is complete, install the condenser and heat the mixture to 85°C. Maintain the reflux reaction at this temperature for 6 hours.

[0043] Purification: After the reaction was complete, the mixture was cooled to room temperature. Following the same method as in Preparation Example 1, the mixture was centrifuged and washed with anhydrous ethanol, repeating the washing and centrifugation process a total of 5 times.

[0044] Drying: Transfer the washed solid product to a vacuum oven and dry it under vacuum at 90°C for 12 hours.

[0045] Post-processing: The dried product is ground in a mortar and passed through a 200-mesh sieve to obtain ammoniated glass flakes C-Mod-3, which are then sealed for later use.

[0046] Example 1: This example provides a puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile and its preparation method, including the following steps: (1) Preparation of functional coating liquid: Weigh the following components by mass: Component A (PUA / IBOA, 8:2): 100 parts Component B (PEG / PVP, 7:3): 45 parts C-Mod-1 (Product from Preparation Example 1): 115 parts Component D (hydrophobically modified fumed silica): 6.5 parts Component E (TPO / Irgacure184, 1:1): 4 parts Component F (PMA / ethanol, 1:1): Appropriate amount Preparation process: Place component F in a stirred tank, and dissolve components B, A, and E sequentially; add component D under high-speed dispersion to form a thixotropic matrix; finally, add C-Mod-1 under planetary stirring and mix thoroughly. Adjust the amount of component F to achieve a final non-volatile solids content of 50% (mass percentage) in the coating liquid. Seal and allow to stand to degas for later use.

[0047] (2) Base fabric pretreatment: Select 300g / m 2 PP filament spunbond needle-punched nonwoven geotextile is subjected to corona treatment (40W·min / m). 2 ).

[0048] (3) High-shear coating and orientation: A doctor blade coating method was adopted. The coating linear velocity was set to 10 m / min and the doctor blade gap was 450 μm. In the high-shear flow field under the doctor blade, the C-Mod-1 of the coating liquid was oriented parallel to the base fabric.

[0049] (4) Orientation pinning and pre-curing: After the material leaves the scraper, component D causes the system viscosity to rebound rapidly, achieving orientation pinning. It then passes through the first curing zone (UV-LED array) with the following parameters: wavelength 395nm, light intensity 1.0W / cm². 2 The coating surface achieves gelation, locking the orientation of C-Mod-1.

[0050] (5) Thermally induced phase separation: The gel material enters the hot air circulating drying tunnel with the following parameters: drying tunnel temperature 85℃ and residence time 60s. Component B undergoes thermally induced phase separation under the surface induction of C-Mod-1, forming a continuous porous phase network.

[0051] (6) The pore-forming and deeply cured materials are sequentially passed through: Elution tank: Immerse in 60℃ warm water for 2 minutes to completely dissolve component B and form micropores; Deep curing station: High-pressure mercury lamp, cumulative irradiation dose 1500 mJ / cm² 2 This allows component A to fully cure.

[0052] (7) Finishing: The composite geotextile is dried by air, cooled, cut and rolled up to obtain the finished product.

[0053] Example 2: This example provides a puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile and its preparation method, including the following steps: (1) Preparation of functional coating liquid: Weigh the following components by mass: Component A (PUA / IBOA, 8:2): 100 parts Component B (PEG / PVP, 7:3): 30 parts C-Mod-2 (Product from Preparation Example 2): 80 parts Component D (hydrophobically modified fumed silica): 3 parts Component E (TPO / Irgacure184, 1:1): 3 parts Component F (PMA / ethanol, 1:1): Appropriate amount The preparation process is the same as in Example 1. Adjust the amount of component F so that the final non-volatile solids content of the coating liquid is 40% (mass percentage). Seal and allow to stand to remove bubbles before use.

[0054] (2) Base fabric pretreatment: Select 250g / m 2 PP filament spunbond needle-punched nonwoven geotextile is subjected to corona treatment (40W·min / m).2 ).

[0055] (3) High shear coating and orientation: A doctor blade coating method was adopted. The coating linear speed was set to 15 m / min and the doctor blade gap was 300 μm.

[0056] (4) Orientation pinning and pre-curing: After the material leaves the scraper, it passes through the first curing zone (UV-LED array) with the following parameters: wavelength 395nm, light intensity 0.5W / cm². 2 The coating surface achieves gelation.

[0057] (5) Thermal phase separation: The gel material enters the hot air circulation drying tunnel with the following parameters: drying tunnel temperature 70℃ and residence time 90s.

[0058] (6) The pore-forming and deeply cured materials are sequentially passed through: Washing tank: Soak in 50℃ warm water for 3 minutes; Deep curing station: High-pressure mercury lamp, cumulative irradiation dose 1000mJ / cm² 2 .

[0059] (7) Finishing: The composite geotextile is dried by air, cooled, cut and rolled up to obtain the finished product.

[0060] Example 3: This example provides a puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile and its preparation method, including the following steps: (1) Preparation of functional coating liquid: Weigh the following components by mass: Component A (PUA / IBOA, 8:2): 100 parts Component B (PEG / PVP, 7:3): 60 parts C-Mod-3 (product of preparation example 3): 150 parts Component D (hydrophobically modified fumed silica): 10 parts Component E (TPO / Irgacure184, 1:1): 5 parts Component F (PMA / ethanol, 1:1): Appropriate amount The preparation process is the same as in Example 1. Adjust the amount of component F so that the final non-volatile solids content of the coating liquid is 60% (mass percentage). Seal and allow to stand to remove bubbles before use.

[0061] (2) Base fabric pretreatment: 350g / m 2 PP filament spunbond needle-punched nonwoven geotextile is subjected to corona treatment (40W·min / m). 2 ).

[0062] (3) High shear coating and orientation: A doctor blade coating method was adopted. The coating linear speed was set to 5 m / min and the doctor blade gap was 600 μm.

[0063] (4) Orientation pinning and pre-curing: After the material leaves the scraper, it passes through the first curing zone (UV-LED array) with the following parameters: wavelength 395nm, light intensity 2.0W / cm². 2 The coating surface achieves gelation.

[0064] (5) Thermal phase separation: The gel material enters the hot air circulation drying tunnel with the following parameters: drying tunnel temperature 100℃ and residence time 30s.

[0065] (6) The pore-forming and deeply cured materials are sequentially passed through: Washing tank: Immerse in 70℃ warm water for 1 minute; Deep curing station: High-pressure mercury lamp, cumulative irradiation dose 2000 mJ / cm² 2 .

[0066] (7) Finishing: The composite geotextile is dried by air, cooled, cut and rolled up to obtain the finished product.

[0067] Comparative Examples 1-6: Comparative Example 1: Compared to Example 1, the difference lies in that this comparative example simulates a conventional impermeable puncture-resistant geotextile. Its coating liquid formulation does not contain component B (porogen) and component D (rheological pinning agent); component C uses 115 parts of unmodified E-glass flakes. Its preparation method only employs high-shear coating and one-step high-pressure mercury lamp deep curing, excluding steps such as orientation pinning and pre-curing, thermally induced phase separation, and elution pore formation.

[0068] Comparative Example 2: Compared to Example 1, the difference lies in that this comparative example simulates a conventional porous coating. Its coating liquid formulation does not contain C-Mod-1 (puncture-resistant filler) and component D (rheological pinning agent). Its preparation method does not include high-shear coating, orientation pinning, and pre-curing steps; instead, components A and B are mixed and then directly subjected to thermally induced phase separation, elution to create pores, and deep curing.

[0069] Comparative Example 3: The difference compared to Example 1 is that this comparative example simulates a combination of conventional techniques.

[0070] Different formulations: The coating liquid formulation does not contain component D (hydrophobic modified fumed silica); component C uses 115 parts of unmodified E-glass flakes.

[0071] The process differs: the preparation process does not employ the time-division control process of steps (4) and (5) described in Example 1, but instead combines these two steps, directly introducing an 85°C environment after coating, with UV-LEDs (1.0W / cm²) simultaneously activated. 2 In the drying tunnel, a one-step simultaneous heat and light treatment is performed. The remaining steps (such as washing and deep curing) are the same.

[0072] Comparative Example 4 The only difference from Example 1 is that its functional coating liquid formulation does not contain component D (hydrophobic modified fumed silica). All other component ratios and preparation process steps are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0073] Comparative Example 5 The only difference from Example 1 is that the time-division control process of steps (4) and (5) described in Example 1 is not used in its preparation process. Specifically, the orientation pinning and pre-curing of step (4) and the thermally induced phase separation of step (5) in Example 1 are combined into a single step, that is, the material is directly placed in an 85°C bath equipped with a 395nm UV-LED lamp (1.0W / cm²) after coating. 2 In the drying tunnel, heat and light are simultaneously processed. The proportions of all other components are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0074] Comparative Example 6 The only difference from Example 1 is that the C component in the functional coating liquid formulation uses 115 parts of unmodified E-glass flakes instead of the C-Mod-1 prepared in Example 1. All other component ratios and preparation process steps are exactly the same as in Example 1.

[0075] Test Examples 1-6: Test Example 1: Rheological Properties Test of Coating Liquid This test is used to characterize the steady-state and transient rheological properties of the functional coating liquid to evaluate the influence of component D (hydrophobic modified fumed silica) on the rheological behavior of the system.

[0076] Test subject: S1 liquid: The functional coating liquid prepared in Example 1.

[0077] D4 liquid: The functional coating liquid prepared in Comparative Example 4 (the formulation does not contain component D).

[0078] Test instruments and conditions: Instrument: MCR302 rotational rheometer (Antonpah, Austria).

[0079] Measurement system: 25mm diameter parallel plate (PP25) measurement system.

[0080] Test gap: 1.0mm.

[0081] Test temperature: 25.0℃ (constant temperature).

[0082] Experimental steps: Steady-state shear scan: The S1 and D4 liquid samples were loaded onto the rheometer measuring plate and equilibrated for 5 minutes.

[0083] The shear rate range is set to 0.01 s. -1 up to 1000s -1 Logarithmic scanning was performed to record the change in apparent viscosity with shear rate.

[0084] Transient recovery (step shear) test: The sample was subjected to a three-stage shearing procedure: Phase 1 (Low Shear): Apply for 0.1 s -1 The shear rate was measured for 60 seconds, and the initial viscosity was recorded.

[0085] Phase 2 (High Shear): Apply for 500 seconds -1 The shear rate (simulating the coating process) lasted for 60 seconds.

[0086] Phase 3 (Recovery): Immediately switch the shear rate back to 0.1s. -1 The viscosity was continuously monitored for 300 seconds, and the change over time was recorded.

[0087] Analyze the data from Phase 3 to calculate the time required for the viscosity to recover to 50% of the initial viscosity from Phase 1.

[0088] Experimental data: Table 1: Rheological property test data of coating liquids (S1 liquid and D4 liquid)

[0089] Conclusion: As shown in Table 1, there are differences in the rheological behavior between liquid S1 (containing component D) and liquid D4 (excluding component D).

[0090] First, in the steady-state shear test, liquid S1 was subjected to a low shear rate (0.1 s⁻¹). -1 It exhibits a high apparent viscosity (18349 mPa·s) at low shear rates, while at high shear rates (500 s⁻¹) it exhibits a low apparent viscosity (18349 mPa·s). -1 The viscosity of the solution decreases rapidly (1488 mPa·s), exhibiting typical shear-thinning characteristics. This characteristic ensures high stability of the coating solution during static storage (resistance to filler sedimentation) and good flowability in high-shear coating processes. In contrast, the overall viscosity of the D4 solution is lower, and its shear-thinning behavior is not significant.

[0091] Secondly, in the transient recovery test, S1 liquid recovered its viscosity to 50% of its initial value in just 4.8 seconds after high shearing stopped, demonstrating rapid thixotropic recovery. D4 liquid, on the other hand, took a much longer recovery time of 115.3 seconds.

[0092] This result confirms that component D (hydrophobic modified fumed silica) constructs a reversible physical network structure in the coating liquid. This structure can be rapidly rebuilt the instantaneously after the coating shear force disappears (e.g., after the material leaves the scraper), causing the system viscosity to instantly recover. This rapid rheological recovery provides the necessary rheological conditions for the C-Mod filler to maintain its high shear-induced orientation state on the substrate and prevent orientation relaxation caused by Brownian motion or gravity in step (4) of the preparation method in Example 1. The fluid in Comparative Example 4 does not possess this rapid recovery capability.

[0093] Test Example 2: Verification of the Effectiveness of Time-Sharing Process Control This test is used to verify the effectiveness of the time-sharing control process (i.e., step (4) pre-curing and step (5) thermal phase separation) in the preparation method of the present invention, that is, to evaluate whether the two steps have achieved their respective independent functions.

[0094] Test subject: S1-P1: The process flow is taken from Example 1. The sample is taken immediately after completing step (4) orientation pinning and pre-curing and before entering step (5) thermal phase separation.

[0095] S1-P2: The process flow is taken from Example 1. The sample is taken immediately after the thermal phase separation in step (5) and before the elution and pore formation in step (6).

[0096] D5-P: The sample was taken from the process flow of Comparative Example 5. The sample was taken immediately after completing its heat and light synchronous treatment steps and before entering the elution step.

[0097] Experimental steps: Surface condition assessment: After the samples are taken from the production line, they are immediately cooled at room temperature (25°C) for 30 seconds.

[0098] A 5cm × 5cm polyethylene (PE) film was placed on the sample coating surface, and a 10.0g / cm layer was applied. 2 A uniformly distributed load lasting 2 seconds.

[0099] Remove the PE film vertically and visually inspect the surface of the PE film for any adhesion or residue of the coating liquid.

[0100] Extractable component (component B) content test: The S1-P1, S1-P2 and D5-P samples were cut into 10cm×10cm specimens.

[0101] The sample was dried in a vacuum oven at 40°C until constant weight, and the initial dry weight was recorded.

[0102] The dried samples were immersed in 200 mL of deionized water at 60 °C (simulating the elution conditions of Example 1) and magnetically stirred (50 rpm) for 10 minutes.

[0103] Remove the sample, rinse the surface with deionized water, and dry it again in a vacuum oven at 40°C until constant weight. Record this as the dry weight after extraction.

[0104] Calculate the extractable mass loss rate, which is the ratio of the mass difference before and after extraction to the initial dry weight before extraction, expressed as a percentage.

[0105] Experimental data: Table 2: State and Extractable Content Tests of Intermediate Process Samples

[0106] Conclusion: Based on the data in Table 2, the following conclusions can be drawn: The S1-P1 sample (after pre-curing in step (4)) showed no adhesion on its surface, indicating that the coating had achieved shallow gelation. At the same time, its extractable mass loss rate was low (1.9%), confirming that component B (porogen) was frozen in the gel network at this stage and had not yet undergone large-scale phase separation.

[0107] The extractable mass loss rate of sample S1-P2 (after heat treatment in step (5)) increased to 16.2%. This data is consistent with the theoretical mass percentage of component B (porogen) in the coating solids content in the formulation of Example 1.

[0108] A comparison of the data from S1-P1 and S1-P2 confirms that the time-sharing control process used in Example 1 is effective. The UV-LED pre-curing in step (4) achieves physical locking of the filler orientation, while the heat treatment in step (5) independently and efficiently triggers the thermal phase separation of component B, transforming it into a washable state.

[0109] The surface of the D5-P sample (Comparative Example 5, simultaneous treatment) was sticky, indicating insufficient gelation. Simultaneously, its extractable loss rate (9.7%) was lower than the theoretical value, suggesting that the simultaneous photocuring and heat treatment mechanisms interfered with each other, causing premature curing of component A (matrix), hindering sufficient phase separation of component B (porogen), and permanently trapping a large amount of component B within the network.

[0110] In summary, the two-step time-division control process of this invention (first solidification and locking, then heating to induce pores) is essential for achieving filler orientation and constructing efficient porous structures.

[0111] Test Example 3: Verification of Filler Surface Affinity This test is used to evaluate the change in surface affinity of component C filler (glass flakes) to component B (porogen) after surface modification treatment by measuring contact angle.

[0112] Test subject: Substrate 1 (S-Mod): Take the C-Mod-1 powder (aminated glass flakes) prepared in Preparation Example 1.

[0113] Substrate 2 (S-Unmod): Take unmodified E-glass flake powder (i.e. the filler used in Comparative Example 6).

[0114] Test solution: Component B (PEG / PVP, 7:3). Since component B is a high-viscosity solid at room temperature, this test was conducted using its melt at 60°C.

[0115] Experimental steps: Substrate preparation (tableting): Weigh out 2.0g of C-Mod-1 powder and 2.0g of unmodified E-glass flake powder respectively.

[0116] The two powders were placed in tableting molds and pressed at 15 MPa for 5 minutes to form circular tablets with a diameter of 15 mm (S-Mod and S-Unmod, respectively).

[0117] Preheat the tablets in a 60°C oven for 10 minutes, then set aside.

[0118] Test solution preparation: Component B (PEG / PVP, 7:3) was heated and melted in a 60°C oven and kept at this constant temperature for later use.

[0119] Contact angle measurement: Use an OCA20 contact angle measuring instrument. Set the temperature of the constant temperature sample stage to 60℃.

[0120] Place the preheated S-Mod tablet (substrate 1) on the sample stage.

[0121] Using a constant-temperature syringe (maintained at 60°C), the melt of component B is drawn up and added to the surface of the S-Mod tablet in a droplet volume of 3 μL.

[0122] Five seconds after the droplet contacts the surface, an image is captured using the seated drop method, and the contact angle is calculated using the ellipse fitting method.

[0123] Repeated measurements were taken at five different locations on the S-Mod tablet.

[0124] Replace the S-Unmod tablet (substrate 2) and repeat the above steps.

[0125] Experimental data: Table 3: Contact angle test data of filler tablet surface to component B melt (unit: (°))

[0126] Conclusion: As shown in Table 3, the average contact angle of the S-Mod (modified in Preparation Example 1) tablet surface to the melt of component B (26.4°) is lower than that of the S-Unmod (unmodified) tablet surface (61.3°).

[0127] The contact angle is a physical quantity that measures the ability of a liquid to wet a solid surface; a lower contact angle indicates higher surface affinity. This data confirms that the APTES modification treatment used in Preparation Example 1 successfully transformed the surface properties of the E-glass flakes (component C) from a B-reactive component (mainly PEG / PVP) to a B-reactive component.

[0128] In the functional coating liquid system of Example 1, this high affinity allows the surface of the C-Mod-1 filler to serve as a preferential nucleation site for component B (porogen) in the thermally induced phase separation process (step 5). This surface induction effect facilitates the enrichment of phase-separated component B along the filler surface, forming a through-hole, controlled pore network. In contrast, Comparative Example 6 (using unmodified filler) lacks this surface induction ability; the poor affinity between component B and the filler leads to uncontrollable phase separation behavior and difficulty in forming an effectively interconnected pore structure.

[0129] Test Example 4: Puncture Resistance Test This test is used to evaluate the ability of the composite geotextile of the present invention to resist puncture damage from localized concentrated loads, and is a core indicator for evaluating its engineering mechanical performance.

[0130] Test subject: Composite geotextiles prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 3.

[0131] Composite geotextiles prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 6.

[0132] Testing instruments and standards: Instrument: Microcomputer-controlled electronic universal testing machine (equipped with a bursting clamp).

[0133] Standard: Refer to ASTM D4833, "Test Method for Bursting Strength of CBR Geotextiles".

[0134] Fixture: The inner diameter of the ring fixture is 150mm.

[0135] Puncture head: A flat-ended cylindrical punch (CBR punch) with a diameter of 50±0.5mm.

[0136] Experimental steps: All test samples were conditioned for at least 24 hours under standard temperature and humidity conditions (temperature 20±2℃, relative humidity 65±5%).

[0137] From each test object, cut a sufficient amount of test sample along its longitudinal (weaving direction) and transverse (width direction).

[0138] Clamp the sample flat in the ring fixture, ensuring the coated surface faces upwards.

[0139] Start the testing machine and set the punch to puncture the sample vertically downwards at a constant speed of 50±5mm / min.

[0140] Record the maximum load (i.e., maximum puncture force) measured when the punch penetrates the specimen.

[0141] Repeat the test at least 5 times for each test subject and take the average value as the final puncture resistance value.

[0142] Experimental data: Table 4: Test data on the puncture resistance of composite geotextiles

[0143] Conclusion: According to the data in Table 4, all examples (Examples 1, 2, and 3) showed excellent puncture resistance, with the maximum puncture force all exceeding 3500N, of which Example 3 reached 4125N.

[0144] Comparative analysis of results: Comparative Example 1 (conventional puncture resistance, filler only) showed the highest puncture force, indicating that a large dose of unmodified filler can provide basic mechanical reinforcement.

[0145] Comparative Example 2 (conventional porous, unfilled) had the lowest puncture force, at only 1655N, proving that the porous matrix could not resist concentrated loads without component C (puncture-resistant filler).

[0146] The puncture force of Comparative Example 3 (conventional combination) was 2910 N, which was lower than that of Example 1, indicating that the mechanical properties of the composite system lacking component D, unmodified component C, and processed in one step were impaired.

[0147] Comparative Examples 4, 5, and 6 lacked rheological pinning, time-sharing control, and surface-induced modification, respectively. Their puncture forces ranged from 3055 N to 3220 N, all lower than those of Example 1 (3850 N).

[0148] The technical solution of this invention combines rheological pinning, time-division control, and surface-induced modified filler to ensure that the C-component filler can be effectively oriented and locked within the coating, forming a high-load-bearing structure. Although a large amount of elutable pore-forming agent (B-component) is introduced into the system of the embodiment, due to the optimized orientation and locking of the filler, its final puncture resistance is not only not reduced by the introduction of pores, but is also superior to the comparative example that lacks any key feature.

[0149] Test Example 5: Vertical Permeability Test This test is used to evaluate the performance of the composite geotextile of the present invention under a constant hydraulic gradient, i.e., high permeability, when water flows vertically through the material.

[0150] Test subject: Composite geotextiles prepared in Examples 1, 2, and 3.

[0151] Composite geotextiles prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 6.

[0152] Testing instruments and standards: Instrument: Constant head permeameter.

[0153] Standard: Refer to the method for determining the vertical permeability coefficient (constant head method) in JTGE50-2006 "Test Procedures for Geosynthetics in Highway Engineering".

[0154] Test conditions: water temperature 20±2℃, test head 50mm.

[0155] Experimental steps: All test samples were conditioned for at least 24 hours under standard temperature and humidity conditions (temperature 20±2℃, relative humidity 65±5%).

[0156] Cut the sample into a circle with a diameter of 105mm, ensuring that the sample is flat and wrinkle-free.

[0157] The sample is placed into the sample holder of the constant head permeameter, and a normal pressure of 5 kPa is applied.

[0158] The sample is subjected to vacuum saturation to remove air from inside the sample.

[0159] A constant head difference of 50 mm is applied to the upper and lower ends of the sample, so that the water flows vertically through the sample from top to bottom.

[0160] Once the water flow and reading have stabilized, start timing, collect the outflowing water, and record the time taken.

[0161] Calculate the vertical permeability coefficient (kv20) of the material at 20℃ based on the sample area, thickness, head difference, time, and flow rate.

[0162] Repeat the test at least 5 times for each test subject and take the average value.

[0163] Experimental data: Table 5: Test data on vertical permeability of composite geotextile

[0164] Conclusion: According to the data in Table 5, Examples 1, 2, and 3 all showed high vertical permeability coefficients (all greater than 0.0019 m / s), indicating that they have excellent water permeability performance.

[0165] Comparative analysis of results: Comparative Example 1 (non-permeable type) has a permeability coefficient close to 0, which is consistent with its dense coating structure.

[0166] Comparative Example 2 (conventional porous, unfilled) has the highest permeability coefficient (0.00275 m / s), indicating that its porous matrix is ​​interconnected. However, combined with the data in Table 4, it has the lowest puncture resistance and is not suitable for engineering applications.

[0167] The permeability of Comparative Example 5 (0.00045 m / s) was much lower than that of Example 1. This is consistent with the conclusion of Test Example 2, namely that the simultaneous heat and light treatment caused Component B (porogen) to be encapsulated by the prematurely cured Component A (matrix) network, which could not be effectively separated and eluted, resulting in low porosity and pore blockage.

[0168] Comparative Example 6 (0.00039 m / s) also exhibited low permeability. This is consistent with the conclusion of Test Example 3, where the unmodified E-glass flakes (component C) showed poor affinity with component B (porogen), preventing effective nucleation and induction of interconnection on the filler surface. Phase separation occurred randomly within the matrix, resulting in numerous ineffective dead pores (blind pores) rather than interconnected flow channels.

[0169] The embodiments of the present invention achieve both high puncture resistance (Table 4) and high permeability (Table 5). This performance is achieved synergistically through the surface-inducing effect of component C (modified in the preparation example) (as shown in Comparative Example 6) and the time-sequential control of the preparation process (as shown in Comparative Example 5). The surface affinity of C-Mod guides the formation of a continuous phase-separated network by component B, while the time-sequential control process ensures that this network is fully formed before the matrix solidifies, ultimately forming a highly efficient vertical permeation channel after elution.

[0170] Test Example 6: Microstructure and Structure Characterization of Coatings This test uses scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to observe the cross-sectional microstructure of the composite geotextile coating, so as to visually characterize the arrangement and morphology of the C component (puncture-resistant filler).

[0171] Test subject: The composite geotextile prepared in Example 1.

[0172] Composite geotextile prepared in Comparative Example 3.

[0173] The composite geotextile prepared in Comparative Example 6.

[0174] Instruments and methods: Instrument: SU8010 field emission scanning electron microscope.

[0175] Method: Freeze-freeze brittle fracture-SEM observation method.

[0176] Experimental steps: A 1cm × 1cm sample was cut from the final product of Example 1, Comparative Example 3, and Comparative Example 6.

[0177] Immerse the sample completely in liquid nitrogen and freeze for 3 minutes.

[0178] Remove the sample, quickly grasp it with tweezers and apply force to cause it to fracture brittlely in a direction perpendicular to the coating surface, exposing the natural fracture surface inside.

[0179] The sample with the cross section was fixed on the sample stage, and the cross section was sputtered with gold (approximately 15 nm thick) using an ion sputtering instrument to increase conductivity.

[0180] The sample stage is placed into the sample chamber of the SEM and a vacuum is drawn.

[0181] An accelerating voltage of 10.0 kV was applied, and the morphology of the sample cross-section was observed at magnifications of 500x and 2000x, respectively, with a focus on the orientation of component C (glass flakes) and the morphology and connectivity of the pores.

[0182] Experimental data: To quantify the orientation effect of the filler, 50 clear glass flake (component C) cross-sections were randomly selected from 5 different 2000x SEM images using image analysis software. The angle between the long axis of each flake and the substrate surface (horizontal direction) was measured, i.e., the orientation angle. The smaller the orientation angle, the higher the parallel orientation degree of the filler.

[0183] Table 6: Quantitative Analysis of Microstructure of Coating Cross Section

[0184] Conclusion: Based on the data in Table 6 and SEM image observations, the following conclusions can be drawn: The C component in Example 1 has a relatively small average orientation angle (11.8°), indicating that the filler (C-Mod-1) achieves a high degree of orientation parallel to the substrate surface in the coating. Simultaneously, its pores exhibit lamellar through-holes distributed along the filler surface.

[0185] The filler orientation angle of Comparative Example 3 (conventional combination) is close to random distribution (47.2°), and the pores are isolated spherical pores.

[0186] The filler orientation angle (13.1°) of Comparative Example 6 (using unmodified filler) was similar to that of Example 1. This confirms that the combination of the rheological pinning agent (component D) and the time-sharing control process (steps 4 and 5) of the present invention can indeed effectively achieve high shear orientation and locking of component C filler, regardless of whether component C is modified.

[0187] Although Comparative Example 6 achieved filler orientation, its pore structure (isolated spherical pores) was similar to that of Comparative Example 3 (random), but completely different from that of Example 1 (through pores).

[0188] This result (Table 6) corroborates the data from Test Examples 3, 4, and 5. The technical solution of this invention achieves the physical orientation of the packing material through component D and time-sequential control processes (providing a structural basis for the high strength of Test Example 4); simultaneously, by modifying the surface of component C in Preparation Example 1 (Test Example 3), it develops a high affinity for component B (the pore-forming agent), thereby guiding component B to accumulate along the oriented packing surface during thermally induced phase separation, ultimately eluting to form a continuous permeation channel (providing a structural basis for the high permeability of Test Example 5). Comparative Example 6 lacks this surface induction; component B undergoes random phase separation, resulting in pores unrelated to the packing material, forming ineffective dead pores, and poor permeability.

Claims

1. A puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile, characterized in that, The product includes a base fabric layer and a porous functional coating disposed on the base fabric layer; the porous functional coating is formed by coating, curing and eluting of component B from a functional coating liquid; the functional coating liquid is made from raw materials comprising the following parts by weight: Component A: 100 parts, wherein Component A is a mixture of polyurethane acrylate and isobornyl acrylate; Component B: 30-60 parts, wherein Component B is a mixture of polyethylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone; Component C: 80-150 parts, wherein component C is aminated glass flakes; Component D: 3-10 parts, wherein component D is hydrophobically modified fumed silica; Component E: 3-5 parts, wherein component E is a photoinitiator.

2. The puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The mass ratio of polyurethane acrylate to isobornyl acrylate in component A is 8:2; the mass ratio of polyethylene glycol to polyvinylpyrrolidone in component B is 7:

3.

3. The puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The preparation method of the C-component aminated glass flakes is as follows: after dispersing and activating E-glass flakes in an alcohol-water solution, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane is added for grafting reaction; wherein, the average particle size of the E-glass flakes is 50-100μm and the average thickness is 2-5μm.

4. The puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile according to claim 3, characterized in that, The amount of 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane added is 2%-8% of the mass of the E-glass flakes.

5. The puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The E component is a mixture of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl-diphenylphosphine oxide and 1-hydroxycyclohexylphenyl ketone in a mass ratio of 1:

1.

6. The puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile according to claim 1, characterized in that, The base fabric layer is a polypropylene spunbond needle-punched nonwoven geotextile.

7. A method for preparing a puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Mix solvent component F with components A, B, C, D and E to prepare a functional coating liquid; S2. The functional coating liquid is coated onto the base fabric layer using a high-shear coating method, causing the C component to oriented. S3. Perform a first curing treatment on the coating of S2 to gel the surface of the functional coating liquid and lock the orientation of the C component; S4. Heat-treat the gel-like material from S3 to induce thermal phase separation in component B; S5. The material from S4 is subjected to elution and deep curing treatment to dissolve the B component to form pores and to completely cure the A component.

8. The method for preparing a puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S1, component F is a mixed solvent of propylene glycol methyl ether and ethanol. The amount of component F is adjusted so that the non-volatile solid content of the functional coating liquid is 40%-60%. Before coating in step S2, the base fabric layer is subjected to corona treatment.

9. The method for preparing a puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S2, the high-shear coating method is blade coating, with a coating linear speed of 5-15 m / min and a blade gap of 300-600 μm; in step S3, the first curing treatment uses a UV-LED array with a wavelength of 395 nm and a light intensity of 0.5-2.0 W / cm². 2 .

10. The method for preparing a puncture-resistant and highly permeable composite geotextile according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S4, the heat treatment temperature is 70-100℃ and the residence time is 30-90s; in step S5, the elution treatment is performed by soaking in warm water at 50-70℃.

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