Pixel array, image sensor and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a pixel array, an image sensor and electronic equipment, relates to the technical field of semiconductor chips, and aims to solve the problems of how to reduce electrical crosstalk and enable the image sensor to achieve better performance and better image quality. The pixel array comprises a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, each pixel unit comprises a plurality of sub-pixels, and each sub-pixel is provided with a photosensitive element; the multiple sub-pixels comprise first sub-pixels, second sub-pixels and third sub-pixels, and in every two adjacent pixel units, at least two first sub-pixels are arranged adjacently, or two second sub-pixels are arranged adjacently, or two third sub-pixels are arranged adjacently.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to the field of semiconductor chip technology, and more particularly to a pixel array, an image sensor, and an electronic device. Background Technology

[0002] Image sensors are chips that convert light signals into electrical signals and are widely used in markets such as cameras, smartphones, security monitoring, automotive electronics, and machine vision.

[0003] The working principle of an image sensor is mainly based on the photoelectric effect. Light enters the image sensor and is received by the photosensitive element in the image sensor. The photosensitive element generates electrons, which are collected and converted into electrical signals. After amplification and processing, a digital image is finally formed. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this disclosure is: how to reduce electrical crosstalk so that the image sensor can achieve better performance and better image quality.

[0005] This disclosure provides a pixel array, including a plurality of pixel units arranged in an array, each pixel unit including a plurality of sub-pixels, and each sub-pixel being provided with a photosensitive element; the plurality of sub-pixels include a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel, wherein in two adjacent pixel units, at least two first sub-pixels are arranged adjacently, or two second sub-pixels are arranged adjacently, or two third sub-pixels are arranged adjacently.

[0006] The beneficial effects of this disclosure are as follows: In this disclosure, two first sub-pixels, two second sub-pixels, or two third sub-pixels are arranged adjacent to each other in two adjacent pixel units. When electrons generated by a first sub-pixel in one pixel unit overflow, these electrons may overflow into the first sub-pixel of another adjacent pixel unit. Since adjacent first sub-pixels transmit light of the same color, no electrical crosstalk occurs when electrons generated by a first sub-pixel overflow into the first sub-pixel of another adjacent pixel unit. The same applies to the second and third sub-pixels. This arrangement significantly reduces the probability of electrons generated by a first sub-pixel overflowing into a second or third sub-pixel, significantly reduces the probability of electrons generated by a second sub-pixel overflowing into a first or third sub-pixel, and significantly reduces the probability of electrons generated by a third sub-pixel overflowing into a first or second sub-pixel, thereby reducing electrical crosstalk, avoiding blooming effects, further preventing errors in the converted image signal, preventing image display distortion, and enabling the image sensor to achieve better performance and image quality.

[0007] In some embodiments, the plurality of sub-pixels further includes a fourth sub-pixel; in two adjacent pixel units, at least two first sub-pixels are arranged adjacently, or two second sub-pixels are arranged adjacently, or two third sub-pixels are arranged adjacently, or two fourth sub-pixels are arranged adjacently.

[0008] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the first sub-pixel is greater than the area of ​​the second sub-pixel, the area of ​​the first sub-pixel is greater than the area of ​​the third sub-pixel; and / or, the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel is greater than the area of ​​the second sub-pixel, and the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel is greater than the area of ​​the third sub-pixel.

[0009] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the first sub-pixel is equal to the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel; the area of ​​the second sub-pixel is equal to the area of ​​the third sub-pixel; and the area of ​​the first sub-pixel is twice the area of ​​the second sub-pixel.

[0010] In some embodiments, the pixel unit is rectangular in shape; the pixel unit is divided into a first pixel sub-unit and a second pixel sub-unit along its diagonal; in the pixel unit, the first sub-pixel and the fourth sub-pixel are first type sub-pixels, and the second sub-pixel and the third sub-pixel are second type sub-pixels; the first pixel sub-unit includes one sub-pixel of the first type sub-pixels and one sub-pixel of the second type sub-pixels, and the second pixel sub-unit includes another sub-pixel of the first type sub-pixels and another sub-pixel of the second type sub-pixels; the first sub-pixel and the fourth sub-pixel are adjacent, and the second sub-pixel and the third sub-pixel are adjacent.

[0011] In some embodiments, multiple pixel units are arranged in an array along the row and column directions, with two adjacent pixel units in the row direction being mirror-symmetric and two adjacent pixel units in the column direction being mirror-symmetric.

[0012] In some embodiments, the pixel array includes a substrate and a light-concentrating layer disposed on one side of the substrate, wherein a plurality of photosensitive elements are disposed in the substrate; the light-concentrating layer includes a plurality of light-concentrating structures; the plurality of light-concentrating structures include a plurality of first light-concentrating structures and a plurality of second light-concentrating structures; in four adjacent pixel units arranged in a 2*2 array, the region where the four second sub-pixels and the four third sub-pixels are located is a first region, and the first region is located at the center of the region where the four adjacent pixel units are located; in another four adjacent pixel units arranged in a 2*2 array, the region where the four first sub-pixels and the four fourth sub-pixels are located is a second region, and the second region is located at the center of the region where the other four adjacent pixel units are located; the first light-concentrating structure is disposed in the first region, and the second light-concentrating structure is disposed in the second region.

[0013] In some embodiments, the light-concentrating structure includes a microlens, wherein the boundary of the orthographic projection of the microlens of the first light-concentrating structure onto the substrate at least partially coincides with the boundary of the first region, and the boundary of the orthographic projection of the microlens of the second light-concentrating structure onto the substrate at least partially coincides with the boundary of the second region.

[0014] In some embodiments, the pixel array further includes a filter layer located between the substrate and the light-collecting layer, and a pixel circuit layer located on the side of the substrate away from the filter layer, or a pixel circuit layer located between the substrate and the filter layer. The filter layer includes a plurality of first filter portions, a plurality of second filter portions, a plurality of third filter portions, and a plurality of fourth filter portions. The first filter portions are located within a first sub-pixel, the second filter portions are located within a second sub-pixel, the third filter portions are located within a third sub-pixel, and the fourth filter portions are located within a fourth sub-pixel. The pixel circuit layer is provided with a plurality of pixel circuits, and each sub-pixel is provided with one pixel circuit.

[0015] In some embodiments, the first sub-pixel is a green sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel is a red sub-pixel, the third sub-pixel is a blue sub-pixel, and the fourth sub-pixel is a white sub-pixel.

[0016] In some embodiments, an isolation structure is provided between multiple sub-pixels.

[0017] This disclosure also provides an image sensor, including a pixel array as described above and a driving circuit, the driving circuit being connected to the pixel array and configured to generate image data based on electrical signals output from the pixel array.

[0018] This disclosure also provides an electronic device including the image sensor as described above. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this disclosure, the accompanying drawings used in some embodiments of this disclosure will be briefly described below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only drawings of some embodiments of this disclosure, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings. In addition, the drawings described below can be regarded as schematic diagrams and are not intended to limit the actual size of the product, the actual flow of the method, the actual timing of the signals, etc. involved in the embodiments of this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a plan view of a pixel array according to some embodiments;

[0021] Figure 2 This is a plan view of yet another pixel array according to some embodiments;

[0022] Figure 3 This is a plan view of yet another pixel array according to some embodiments;

[0023] Figure 4 This is a plan view of yet another pixel array according to some embodiments;

[0024] Figure 5 This is a plan view of yet another pixel array according to some embodiments;

[0025] Figure 6 A plan view of a pixel unit according to some embodiments;

[0026] Figure 7 A plan view of yet another pixel unit according to some embodiments;

[0027] Figure 8 This is a plan view of yet another pixel array according to some embodiments;

[0028] Figure 9A This is a cross-sectional view of yet another pixel array according to some embodiments;

[0029] Figure 9B A cross-sectional view of yet another pixel unit according to some embodiments;

[0030] Figure 10 This is a plan view of yet another pixel array according to some embodiments;

[0031] Figure 11 This is a plan view of yet another pixel array according to some embodiments;

[0032] Figure 12 This is a plan view of yet another pixel array according to some embodiments;

[0033] Figure 13 This is a plan view of an image sensor according to some embodiments. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The technical solutions in some embodiments of this disclosure will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this disclosure, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments provided in this disclosure are within the scope of protection of this disclosure.

[0035] Unless the context otherwise requires, throughout the specification and claims, the term "comprising" is interpreted as open-ended and encompassing, meaning "including, but not limited to." In the description of the specification, terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "exemplary embodiment," "exemplary," or "some examples," etc., are intended to indicate that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic associated with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of this disclosure. The illustrative representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics mentioned may be included in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0036] Hereinafter, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of embodiments of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.

[0037] In describing some embodiments, the term "connection" and its derivative expressions may be used. For example, the term "connection" may be used in describing some embodiments to indicate that two or more components have direct physical or electrical contact with each other. The embodiments disclosed herein are not necessarily limited to the content of this document.

[0038] The use of “applies to” or “configured to” in this article implies an open and inclusive language that does not preclude applicability to or configuration to devices that perform additional tasks or steps.

[0039] This document describes exemplary embodiments with reference to cross-sectional views and / or plan views, which are idealized exemplary drawings. In the drawings, the thickness of layers and regions is enlarged for clarity. Therefore, variations in shape relative to the drawings are contemplated due to, for example, manufacturing techniques and / or tolerances. Thus, exemplary embodiments should not be construed as limited to the shapes of the regions shown herein, but rather include shape deviations due to, for example, manufacturing processes. For example, etched regions shown as rectangular would typically have curved features. Therefore, the regions shown in the drawings are schematic in nature, and their shapes are not intended to show the actual shapes of the regions of the device, nor are they intended to limit the scope of the exemplary embodiments.

[0040] As used herein, the term "substrate" refers to a material on which subsequent material layers can be added. The substrate itself may be patterned. The material added to the substrate may be patterned or may remain unpatterned. Furthermore, the substrate may include a variety of semiconductor materials such as silicon, germanium, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide, etc. Alternatively, the substrate may be made of a non-conductive material such as glass, plastic, or sapphire wafer.

[0041] An image sensor is a semiconductor device that converts a two-dimensional optical image of light intensity distribution into a one-dimensional time-series electrical signal. The pixel array is the most basic component of an image sensor. It consists of multiple pixel units arranged in an array. Each pixel unit converts the sensed light signal into an electrical signal. This electrical signal is then read by pixel circuitry and output as a digital signal of the image via an analog-to-digital converter (AD converter), thus completing the digitization of the real-world scene. The more pixel units an image sensor contains, the higher the image resolution it provides.

[0042] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, the pixel array 1000' includes multiple pixel units 100' arranged in an array, each pixel unit 100' having the same size; the pixel unit 100' includes four sub-pixels 10', the four sub-pixels 10' being a red sub-pixel R, two green sub-pixels G, and a blue sub-pixel B, respectively. The four sub-pixels 10' have the same size and are all square in shape, and the two green sub-pixels G are spaced apart. The arrangement of the sub-pixels 10' in each pixel unit 100' is the same, that is, in the multiple pixel units 100', each sub-pixel 10' is adjacent to other sub-pixels 10' of different colors.

[0043] In some embodiments, such as Figure 1 As shown, two adjacent pixel units 100' and two adjacent sub-pixels 10' are isolated from each other by deep trench iso (DTI) to prevent electrons generated in sub-pixels 10' from overflowing into sub-pixels 10' of other colors. For example, it prevents electrons generated in red sub-pixel R from overflowing into blue sub-pixel B, and prevents electrons generated in blue sub-pixel B from overflowing into green sub-pixel G, thereby avoiding electrical crosstalk between sub-pixels 10' of different colors and the blooming effect.

[0044] The blooming effect, also known as "flowering" (or haloing or highlight spillover), occurs when individual sub-pixels 10' in an image sensor are exposed to strong light. If the illumination is too intense, the number of electrons generated by the photosensitive elements in sub-pixels 10' exceeds the maximum number of electrons that the charge storage area can hold, causing them to spill out. These spilled electrons then travel along the row or column direction into adjacent sub-pixels 10', "contaminating" them and resulting in a blooming (halo) effect in the image. The blooming effect significantly reduces image sharpness and severely affects image quality.

[0045] However, with technological advancements, image sensors are becoming increasingly smaller. Consequently, the size of multiple pixel units 100' within an image sensor is decreasing, as is the size of sub-pixels 10' within each pixel unit 100'. Furthermore, the isolation area between adjacent sub-pixels 10' is also shrinking. This makes it easier for electrons generated in sub-pixels 10' to leak out, exacerbating electrical crosstalk and blooming effects between sub-pixels 10' of different colors. Particularly for penetrating red light, electron-hole pairs are still excited in the deeper regions of the red sub-pixels R, further aggravating leakage problems.

[0046] Therefore, in some embodiments, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the pixel array 1000 includes a plurality of pixel units 100 arranged in an array. Each pixel unit 100 includes a plurality of sub-pixels 10. Each sub-pixel 10 is provided with a photosensitive element. The plurality of sub-pixels 10 include a first sub-pixel 1, a second sub-pixel 2, and a third sub-pixel 3. In two adjacent pixel units 100, at least two first sub-pixels 1 are arranged adjacently, or two second sub-pixels 2 are arranged adjacently, or two third sub-pixels 3 are arranged adjacently.

[0047] For example, in order to improve the resolution of the image sensor, more pixel units 100 are arranged within a unit area of ​​the image sensor, such as... Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, for example, the shape of multiple pixel units 100 can be set to square, and the multiple square pixel units 100 are arranged closely along the row direction and column direction, which effectively improves the utilization rate of the unit area of ​​the image sensor.

[0048] For example, multiple sub-pixels 10 of pixel unit 100 can transmit and receive light of different colors respectively. A photosensitive element disposed in sub-pixels 10 receives the transmitted light of the color and converts the light signal of the light into a corresponding electrical signal to realize photoelectric conversion. The photosensitive element can be, for example, a photodiode.

[0049] For example, such as Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the multiple sub-pixels 10 may include, for example, a first sub-pixel 1, a second sub-pixel 2, and a third sub-pixel 3. The first sub-pixel 1 may be able to transmit green light and is a green sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel 2 may be able to transmit red light and is a red sub-pixel, and the third sub-pixel 3 may be able to transmit blue light and is a blue sub-pixel.

[0050] For example, such as Figure 2As shown, in some adjacent pixel units A, two first sub-pixels 1 are set adjacent to each other; in some other adjacent pixel units B, two second sub-pixels 2 are set adjacent to each other, and two third sub-pixels 3 are set adjacent to each other; in some other adjacent pixel units C, two first sub-pixels 1 are set adjacent to each other, and two second sub-pixels 2 are set adjacent to each other; in some other adjacent pixel units D, two first sub-pixels 1 are set adjacent to each other, and two third sub-pixels 3 are set adjacent to each other.

[0051] For example, such as Figure 3 As shown, in some adjacent pixel units E, two first sub-pixels 1 are set adjacent to each other; in some other adjacent pixel units F, two second sub-pixels 2 are set adjacent to each other; and in some other adjacent pixel units G, two third sub-pixels 3 are set adjacent to each other.

[0052] For example, in this disclosure, two first sub-pixels 1, two second sub-pixels 2, or two third sub-pixels 3 in two adjacent pixel units 100 are arranged adjacently. When electrons generated by the first sub-pixel 1 in one pixel unit 100 overflow, the electrons generated by the first sub-pixel 1 in that pixel unit 100 may overflow into the first sub-pixel 1 of another pixel unit 100 adjacent to that first sub-pixel 1. Since two adjacent first sub-pixels 1 transmit light of the same color, no electrical crosstalk occurs when electrons generated by the first sub-pixel 1 overflow into the first sub-pixel 1 of another pixel unit 100 adjacent to that first sub-pixel 1. The same applies to the second sub-pixels 2 and the third sub-pixels 3. This arrangement ensures that at least one of the other adjacent sub-pixels 10 around each sub-pixel 10 is of the same color, compared to some embodiments (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 1 Each sub-pixel 10' is adjacent to other sub-pixels 10' of different colors, reducing the probability of electrons generated by sub-pixels 10 overflowing into other sub-pixels of different colors. For example, it greatly reduces the probability of electrons generated by the first sub-pixel 1 overflowing into the second sub-pixel 2 or the third sub-pixel 3, greatly reduces the probability of electrons generated by the second sub-pixel 2 overflowing into the first sub-pixel 1 or the third sub-pixel 3, and greatly reduces the probability of electrons generated by the third sub-pixel 3 overflowing into the first sub-pixel 1 or the second sub-pixel 2. This reduces electrical crosstalk, avoids blooming effects, further prevents errors in the converted image signal, prevents image display distortion, and enables the image sensor to achieve better performance and better image quality.

[0053] In some embodiments, such as Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, the plurality of sub-pixels 10 also includes a fourth sub-pixel 4; in two adjacent pixel units 100, at least two first sub-pixels 1 are set adjacent to each other, or two second sub-pixels 2 are set adjacent to each other, or two third sub-pixels 3 are set adjacent to each other, or two fourth sub-pixels 4 are set adjacent to each other.

[0054] For example, when the ambient light is dim, there is insufficient light passing through the pixel array 1000. Furthermore, since the first sub-pixel 1 can transmit green light, the second sub-pixel 2 can transmit red light, and the third sub-pixel 3 can transmit blue light, some light is also filtered out, further resulting in insufficient light passing through the pixel array 1000. This leads to insufficient electrons generated by each sub-pixel 10, resulting in unclear imaging by the image sensor and affecting the quality of the image.

[0055] For example, a fourth subpixel 4 can be set in pixel unit 100. The fourth subpixel 4 can transmit light of any color, for example, a white subpixel. Setting the fourth subpixel 4 can increase the light transmittance, so that even in low light conditions, enough light can still enter the pixel array 1000, making the image sensor still produce a clear image in dark environments, and enabling the image sensor to have a high dynamic range (HDR). Dynamic range refers to the range of difference between the brightest and darkest parts captured by the camera. The larger the dynamic range, the richer the details in the brightness and darkness of the captured image.

[0056] For example, such as Figure 4 As shown, in some adjacent pixel units H, two first sub-pixels 1 are set adjacently, and two fourth sub-pixels 4 are set adjacently; in some other adjacent pixel units I, two second sub-pixels 2 are set adjacently, and two third sub-pixels 3 are set adjacently; in some other adjacent pixel units J, two second sub-pixels 2 are set adjacently; and in some other adjacent pixel units K, two third sub-pixels 3 are set adjacently.

[0057] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, in some adjacent pixel units L, two first sub-pixels 1 are set adjacent to each other; in some other adjacent pixel units M, two first sub-pixels 1 are set adjacent to each other, and two second sub-pixels 2 are set adjacent to each other; in some other adjacent pixel units N, two third sub-pixels 3 are set adjacent to each other, and two fourth sub-pixels 4 are set adjacent to each other; in some other adjacent pixel units O, two fourth sub-pixels 4 are set adjacent to each other.

[0058] For example, in this disclosure, two first sub-pixels 1, two second sub-pixels 2, two third sub-pixels 3, or two fourth sub-pixels 4 are arranged adjacent to each other in two adjacent pixel units 100. When electrons generated by the first sub-pixel 1 in a pixel unit 100 overflow, the electrons generated by the first sub-pixel 1 in the pixel unit 100 may overflow into the first sub-pixel 1 of another pixel unit 100 adjacent to the first sub-pixel 1. Since two adjacent first sub-pixels 1 transmit light of the same color, no electrical crosstalk will occur when the electrons generated by the first sub-pixel 1 overflow into the first sub-pixel 1 of another pixel unit 100 adjacent to the first sub-pixel 1. The same applies to the second sub-pixels 2 and the third sub-pixels 3. Furthermore, electrons generated by the first sub-pixel 1, or the second sub-pixel 2, or the third sub-pixel 3 may overflow into the fourth sub-pixel 4. Since the fourth sub-pixel 4 can transmit light of any color, even if electrons generated by the first sub-pixel 1, the second sub-pixel 2, or the third sub-pixel 3 overflow into the fourth sub-pixel 4, no electrical crosstalk will occur. This further reduces the probability of electrons generated by the first sub-pixel 1 overflowing into the second sub-pixel 2 or the third sub-pixel 3, further reduces the probability of electrons generated by the second sub-pixel 2 overflowing into the first sub-pixel 1 or the third sub-pixel 3, and further reduces the probability of electrons generated by the third sub-pixel 3 overflowing into the first sub-pixel 1 or the second sub-pixel 2. This further reduces electrical crosstalk, avoids blooming effects, further prevents errors in the converted image signal, and prevents image display distortion, resulting in better image sensor performance and better image quality. At the same time, even under low-light conditions, sufficient light still enters the pixel array 1000, ensuring that the image sensor maintains image clarity in dark environments and enabling the image sensor to achieve a wide dynamic range (High Dynamic Range, HDR).

[0059] In some embodiments, the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 is greater than the area of ​​the second sub-pixel 2, and the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 is greater than the area of ​​the third sub-pixel 3; and / or, the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel 4 is greater than the area of ​​the second sub-pixel 2, and the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel 4 is greater than the area of ​​the third sub-pixel 3.

[0060] For example, the human eye is composed of cone cells (RGB) and rod cells (W). Cone cells are cells that sense strong light and color, and have a high resolution for strong light and color. Rod cells have low light resolution but are more sensitive to low light. The arrangement of the first sub-pixel 1, the second sub-pixel 2, the third sub-pixel 3, and the fourth sub-pixel 4 in this disclosure mimics the structure of the human eye. The first sub-pixel 1, the second sub-pixel 2, and the third sub-pixel 3 transmit different colors of light to present a color image. The fourth sub-pixel 4 can increase the amount of light entering the image, ensuring that even in low light conditions, sufficient light enters the pixel array 1000, so that the image sensor still produces clear images in dark environments.

[0061] For example, the cone cells of the human eye are most sensitive to green, and green information can achieve a more realistic image effect. Since the first sub-pixel 1 transmits green light, the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 can be made larger than the area of ​​the second sub-pixel 2, and the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 can be larger than the area of ​​the third sub-pixel 3; thereby increasing the proportion of transmitted green light and obtaining a more realistic image effect.

[0062] For example, in order to increase light transmittance and make the image sensor still produce clear images in dark environments, the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel 4 can be made larger than the area of ​​the second sub-pixel 2, and the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel 4 can be larger than the area of ​​the third sub-pixel 3.

[0063] For example, under the same light intensity, the photosensitive elements of each sub-pixel 10 receive the same amount of light and generate the same number of electrons. When the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 is larger than the area of ​​the second sub-pixel 2, the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 is larger than the area of ​​the third sub-pixel 3, and / or the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel 4 is larger than the area of ​​the second sub-pixel 2, and the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel 4 is larger than the area of ​​the third sub-pixel 3, since the areas of the first sub-pixel 1 and the fourth sub-pixel 4 are larger, the first sub-pixel 1 and the fourth sub-pixel 4 are sufficient to accommodate the electrons generated by the first sub-pixel 1 and the fourth sub-pixel 4. The electrons generated by the first sub-pixel 1 will be concentrated in the first sub-pixel 1, and the electrons generated by the fourth sub-pixel 4 will be concentrated in the fourth sub-pixel 4. No electrons or only a very small number of electrons will overflow into other sub-pixels 10.

[0064] Meanwhile, even if electrons generated by the second sub-pixel 2 or the third sub-pixel 3 overflow into the first sub-pixel 1, the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 is large enough to accommodate the electrons, and the electrons in the first sub-pixel 1 will not overflow into other sub-pixels 10; if electrons generated by the second sub-pixel 2 or the third sub-pixel 3 overflow into the fourth sub-pixel 4, no electrical crosstalk will be generated because the fourth sub-pixel 4 can transmit light of any color.

[0065] Therefore, the setting that the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 is larger than the area of ​​the second sub-pixel 2, the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 is larger than the area of ​​the third sub-pixel 3; and / or, the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel 4 is larger than the area of ​​the second sub-pixel 2, and the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel 4 is larger than the area of ​​the third sub-pixel 3, further reduces the probability of electrons generated by the first sub-pixel 1 overflowing into the second sub-pixel 2 or the third sub-pixel 3, further reduces the probability of electrons generated by the second sub-pixel 2 overflowing into the first sub-pixel 1 or the third sub-pixel 3, and further reduces the probability of electrons generated by the third sub-pixel 3 overflowing into the first sub-pixel 1 or the second sub-pixel 2, thereby further reducing electrical crosstalk, avoiding blooming effects, further preventing errors in the converted image signal, preventing image display distortion, and enabling the image sensor to achieve better performance and better image quality.

[0066] Furthermore, even under low-light conditions, sufficient light still enters the pixel array 1000, ensuring that the image sensor maintains clear images in dark environments and enabling the image sensor to have a wide dynamic range (High Dynamic Range, HDR).

[0067] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 is equal to the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel 4; the area of ​​the second sub-pixel 2 is equal to the area of ​​the third sub-pixel 3, and the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 is twice the area of ​​the second sub-pixel 2.

[0068] For example, the size difference of each sub-pixel 10 within the pixel unit 100 can lead to the pixel unit 100's space not being fully utilized. For instance, if the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 is larger than the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel 4, and the area of ​​the second sub-pixel 2 is larger than the area of ​​the third sub-pixel 3, there will be a large gap between the first sub-pixel 1, the second sub-pixel 2, the third sub-pixel 3, and the fourth sub-pixel 4. The sub-pixels 10 cannot be arranged closely together, which will result in the pixel unit 100's space not being fully utilized.

[0069] For example, such as Figure 5 As shown, the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 is equal to the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel 4; the area of ​​the second sub-pixel 2 is equal to the area of ​​the third sub-pixel 3; and the area of ​​the first sub-pixel 1 is twice the area of ​​the second sub-pixel 2. The first sub-pixel 1, the second sub-pixel 2, the third sub-pixel 3, and the fourth sub-pixel 4 can be arranged closely together. This design avoids the situation where the space of the pixel unit 100 is not fully utilized, and can ensure that the image sensor has more sub-pixels 10 within a unit area, thereby improving the resolution of the image sensor.

[0070] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6As shown, the pixel unit 100 is rectangular in shape; the pixel unit 100 is divided into a first pixel subunit 100-1 and a second pixel subunit 100-2 along its diagonal; in the pixel unit 100, the first sub-pixel 1 and the fourth sub-pixel 4 are first type sub-pixels 10-1, and the second sub-pixel 2 and the third sub-pixel 3 are second type sub-pixels 10-2; the first pixel subunit 100-1 includes one sub-pixel 10 of the first type sub-pixels 10-1 and one sub-pixel 10 of the second type sub-pixels 10-2, and the second pixel subunit 100-2 includes another sub-pixel 10 of the first type sub-pixels 10-1 and another sub-pixel 10 of the second type sub-pixels 10-2; the first sub-pixel 1 and the fourth sub-pixel 4 are adjacent, and the second sub-pixel 2 and the third sub-pixel 3 are adjacent.

[0071] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, the shape of pixel unit 100 can be, for example, a square.

[0072] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, pixel unit 100 is divided into first pixel subunit 100-1 and second pixel subunit 100-2 along one of its diagonals; both first pixel subunit 100-1 and second pixel subunit 100-2 are triangles.

[0073] For example, such as Figure 6 As shown, in pixel unit 100, the first sub-pixel 1 and the fourth sub-pixel 4 are first type sub-pixels 10-1, and the area of ​​the first type sub-pixels 10-1 is larger; the second sub-pixel 2 and the third sub-pixel 3 are second type sub-pixels 10-2, and the area of ​​the second type sub-pixels 10-2 is smaller.

[0074] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the first pixel subunit 100-1 includes a sub-pixel 10 from the first type of sub-pixels 10-1, such as the first sub-pixel 1, and also includes a sub-pixel 10 from the second type of sub-pixels 10-2, such as the second sub-pixel 2. The second pixel subunit 100-2 includes another sub-pixel 10 from the first type of sub-pixels 10-1, such as the fourth sub-pixel 4, and also includes another sub-pixel 10 from the second type of sub-pixels 10-2, such as the third sub-pixel 3.

[0075] In some embodiments, the first pixel subunit 100-1 includes a sub-pixel 10 from the first type of sub-pixels 10-1, such as the fourth sub-pixel 4, and also includes a sub-pixel 10 from the second type of sub-pixels 10-2, such as the second sub-pixel 2. The second pixel subunit 100-2 includes another sub-pixel 10 from the first type of sub-pixels 10-1, such as the first sub-pixel 1, and also includes another sub-pixel 10 from the second type of sub-pixels 10-2, such as the third sub-pixel 3. In some other embodiments, the first pixel subunit 100-1 includes a sub-pixel 10 from the first type of sub-pixels 10-1, such as the fourth sub-pixel 4, and also includes a sub-pixel 10 from the second type of sub-pixels 10-2, such as the third sub-pixel 3. The second pixel subunit 100-2 includes another sub-pixel 10 from the first type of sub-pixels 10-1, such as the first sub-pixel 1, and also includes another sub-pixel 10 from the second type of sub-pixels 10-2, such as the second sub-pixel 2, etc., and there are many other arrangements, which are not limited here. This disclosure uses the example of a first pixel subunit 100-1 including a first sub-pixel 1 and a second sub-pixel 2, and a second pixel subunit 100-2 including a fourth sub-pixel 4 and a third sub-pixel 3, for illustration.

[0076] In some embodiments, such as Figure 6 As shown, the first sub-pixel 1 and the fourth sub-pixel 4 are adjacent, and the second sub-pixel 2 and the third sub-pixel 3 are adjacent. The second sub-pixel 2 and the third sub-pixel 3 are both triangular in shape. This arrangement allows the first sub-pixel 1, the second sub-pixel 2, the third sub-pixel 3, and the fourth sub-pixel 4 to be arranged closely together, avoiding underutilization of the space in the pixel unit 100. This ensures that the image sensor has more sub-pixels 10 per unit area, thereby improving the resolution of the image sensor. The arrangement of this pixel array 1000 is as follows... Figure 5 As shown, multiple pixel units 100 are arranged in an array along the row direction X and the column direction Y, with the row direction X and the column direction Y being perpendicular to each other.

[0077] In other embodiments, such as Figure 7 As shown, the first sub-pixel 1 and a portion of the third sub-pixel 3 and the fourth sub-pixel 4 can also be adjacent, and the second sub-pixel 2 and the fourth sub-pixel 4 can be adjacent. In this case, the arrangement of the pixel array 1000 is as follows: Figure 8 As shown, multiple pixel units 100 are arranged in an array along the row direction X and the column direction Y. However, the angle between the row direction X and the column direction Y is an acute angle α. This setting can also reduce the probability of electrical crosstalk.

[0078] The first sub-pixel 1, the second sub-pixel 2, the third sub-pixel 3, and the fourth sub-pixel 4 can be arranged arbitrarily, as long as each sub-pixel 10 is closely arranged among itself. This disclosure is as follows: Figure 6The following example illustrates the situation where the first sub-pixel 1 and the fourth sub-pixel 4 are adjacent, and the second sub-pixel 2 and the third sub-pixel 3 are adjacent.

[0079] In some embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, multiple pixel units 100 are arranged in an array along the row direction X and the column direction Y. Two adjacent pixel units 100 in the row direction X are mirror symmetrical, and two adjacent pixel units 100 in the column direction Y are mirror symmetrical.

[0080] For example, such as Figure 5 The pixel array shown has 1000 rows, and the X and Y directions are perpendicular to each other.

[0081] For example, two adjacent pixel units 100 in the row direction X are mirror symmetrical, and two adjacent pixel units 100 in the column direction Y are mirror symmetrical, so that the distribution of each sub-pixel 10 in the pixel array 1000 is uniform, and no sub-pixels 10 of the same color are concentrated in one area or are too scattered, which would affect the final imaging effect.

[0082] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9A As shown, the pixel array 1000 includes a substrate 1002 and a light-concentrating layer 1004 disposed on one side of the substrate 1002. A plurality of photosensitive elements 10021 are disposed in the substrate 1002; the light-concentrating layer 1004 includes a plurality of light-concentrating structures 10041; as shown... Figure 10 As shown, the plurality of focusing structures 10041 include a plurality of first focusing structures 10041-1 and a plurality of second focusing structures 10041-2; as Figure 11 As shown, in a 2x2 array of four adjacent pixel units 100, the area containing the four second sub-pixels 2 and the four third sub-pixels 3 is the first region 101, and the first region 101 is located at the center of the area containing the four adjacent pixel units 100; as Figure 12 As shown, in the other four adjacent pixel units 100 arranged in a 2*2 array, the area containing the four first sub-pixels 1 and the four fourth sub-pixels 4 is the second region 102, and the second region 102 is located at the center of the area containing the other four adjacent pixel units 100; as Figure 10 As shown, and refer to Figure 11 , Figure 12 The first focusing structure 10041-1 is disposed in the first region 101, and the second focusing structure 10041-2 is disposed in the second region 102.

[0083] For example, such as Figure 9AAs shown, each pixel unit 100 in the pixel array 1000 has the same structure, mainly including: a light-concentrating structure 10041, a filter part, a photosensitive element 10021, and a pixel circuit 10011. The light-concentrating structure 10041 concentrates the light, increases the photoelectric conversion efficiency, and reduces optical signal crosstalk between adjacent pixel units 100; the filter part can only transmit light of the corresponding wavelength; the photosensitive element 10021 converts the optical signal into an electrical signal; the pixel circuit 10011 reads the electrical signal, which is an analog signal.

[0084] For example, such as Figure 10 , Figure 11 As shown, in a 2x2 array of four adjacent pixel units 100, the area containing the four second sub-pixels 2 and the four third sub-pixels 3 is the first region 101. The shapes of the second sub-pixels 2 and the third sub-pixels 3 are both triangles. One vertex of each of the four second sub-pixels 2 and the four third sub-pixels 3 overlaps. Therefore, the first region 101 is located at the center of the area containing the four adjacent pixel units 100. Figure 10 , Figure 12 As shown, in the other four adjacent pixel units 100 arranged in a 2*2 array, the area where the four first sub-pixels 1 and the four fourth sub-pixels 4 are located is the second region 102. In the four second sub-pixels 2 and the four third sub-pixels 3, one of the apex corners of each sub-pixel 10 overlaps. Therefore, the second region 102 is located at the center of the area where the other four adjacent pixel units 100 are located.

[0085] like Figure 10 As shown, and refer to Figure 11 , Figure 12 The multiple light-concentrating structures 10041 include multiple first light-concentrating structures 10041-1 and multiple second light-concentrating structures 10041-2; the first light-concentrating structures 10041-1 are disposed in the first region 101, and the second light-concentrating structures 10041-2 are disposed in the second region 102.

[0086] In some embodiments, such as Figure 10 As shown, and refer to Figure 11 , Figure 12 The light-concentrating structure 10041 includes a microlens. The boundary of the orthographic projection of the microlens of the first light-concentrating structure 10041-1 onto the substrate 1002 at least partially coincides with the boundary of the first region 101. The boundary of the orthographic projection of the microlens of the second light-concentrating structure 10041-2 onto the substrate 1002 at least partially coincides with the boundary of the second region 102.

[0087] For example, such as Figure 10 As shown, and refer to Figure 11The first region 101 is a square region. The first focusing structure 10041-1 includes a microlens. The microlens is hemispherical and has a circular bottom. When the first focusing structure 10041-1 is disposed in the first region 101, the boundary of the orthographic projection of the microlens of the first focusing structure 10041-1 onto the substrate 1002 at least partially coincides with the boundary of the first region 101. For example, the boundary of the circular orthographic projection of the microlens of the first focusing structure 10041-1 onto the substrate 1002 is tangent to the four sides of the square boundary of the first region 101. The microlens can occupy a large area in the first region 101 as much as possible. In this way, the microlens can cover most of the area of ​​the first region 101. The microlens has a large filling coefficient, which can better focus the light and bring better imaging quality.

[0088] For example, such as Figure 10 As shown, and refer to Figure 12 Since the second region 102 is an octagonal region, the second focusing structure 10041-2 includes a microlens. The microlens is hemispherical with a circular bottom. When the second focusing structure 10041-2 is disposed in the second region 102, the second region 102 is octagonal, close to circular. The boundary of the orthographic projection of the microlens of the second focusing structure 10041-2 onto the substrate 1002 at least partially coincides with the boundary of the second region 102. For example, the boundary of the circular orthographic projection of the microlens of the second focusing structure 10041-2 onto the substrate 1002 is tangent to four sides of the octagonal boundary of the second region 102. The microlens can occupy a large area in the second region 102 as much as possible, so that the microlens can cover most of the area of ​​the second region 102. The microlens has a larger filling coefficient, which can better focus the light and bring better imaging quality.

[0089] For example, the fill factor is the ratio of the effective light transmission area to the total light transmission area.

[0090] For example, the area of ​​the microlens of the first light-concentrating structure 10041-1 is smaller than the area of ​​the microlens of the second light-concentrating structure 10041-2.

[0091] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9A , Figure 9BAs shown, the pixel array 1000 further includes a filter layer 1003 located between the substrate 1002 and the light-collecting layer 1004, and a pixel circuit layer 1001 located on the side of the substrate 1002 away from the filter layer 1003, or a pixel circuit layer 1001 located between the substrate 1002 and the filter layer 1003. The filter layer 1003 includes a plurality of first filter portions 10031, a plurality of second filter portions 10032, a plurality of third filter portions 10033, and a plurality of fourth filter portions 10034. The first filter portions 10031 are located in the first sub-pixel 1, the second filter portions 10032 are located in the second sub-pixel 2, the third filter portions 10033 are located in the third sub-pixel 3, and the fourth filter portions 10034 are located in the fourth sub-pixel 4. The pixel circuit layer 1001 is provided with a plurality of pixel circuits 10011, and one pixel circuit 10011 is provided for each sub-pixel 10.

[0092] For example, the first filter 10031 can transmit green light, the second filter 10032 can transmit red light, the third filter 10033 can transmit blue light, and the fourth filter 10034 can transmit light of any color.

[0093] In some embodiments, the first sub-pixel 1 is a green sub-pixel 10, the second sub-pixel 2 is a red sub-pixel 10, the third sub-pixel 3 is a blue sub-pixel 10, and the fourth sub-pixel 4 is a white sub-pixel 10.

[0094] In some embodiments, such as Figure 9A , Figure 9B As shown, an isolation structure Z is provided between multiple sub-pixels 10. The isolation structure Z can be, for example, a deep trench isolation, which includes a deep trench penetrating the substrate 1002 along the thickness direction of the substrate 1002 and an isolation medium, such as silicon oxide or silicon nitride, filling the deep trench. By making the deep trench isolation penetrate the substrate 1002, the substrate 1002 of each sub-pixel 10 is physically isolated, which can avoid the formation of electrical crosstalk between the sub-pixels 10, thereby improving the performance of the image sensor.

[0095] This disclosure also provides an image sensor 20000, such as Figure 13 As shown, it includes a pixel array 1000 as described above and a driving circuit 2000. The driving circuit 2000 is connected to the pixel array 1000 and is configured to generate image data based on the electrical signals output by the pixel array 1000.

[0096] Image sensors are an important component of digital cameras. Based on the different components, they can be divided into two main categories: charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensors and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors.

[0097] The CMOS image sensor is composed of a large number of pixel units 100. Each pixel unit 100 contains a photosensitive element 10021 and a pixel circuit 10011. The photosensitive element 10021 converts light signals into electrical signals, and the pixel circuit 10011 reads the electrical signals. The CMOS image sensor reads pixel data in a line-by-line scanning manner, which has the characteristics of fast signal reading speed and low power consumption.

[0098] CCD image sensors transfer charge via charge coupling and consist of a photosensitive element and a charge transport device. The photosensitive element receives light signals and converts them into charges, which are then transmitted line by line to the readout circuit via the charge transport device. CCD image sensors read pixel data using charge transfer, which has high sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio, but also high power consumption.

[0099] The image sensor described in this disclosure can be either a CMOS image sensor or a CCD image sensor; this disclosure makes no limitation thereto. This disclosure uses a CMOS image sensor as an example for illustration.

[0100] CMOS image sensors utilize the CMOS process, the most common technology in general semiconductor circuits, and feature high integration, low power consumption, high speed, and low cost. CMOS stands for Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, primarily made of silicon and germanium. Basic functions are achieved through negatively and positively charged transistors on the CMOS, and the current generated by these complementary effects can be recorded and interpreted into images by the processing chip.

[0101] The working process of an image sensor can generally be divided into several parts: reset, photoelectric conversion, integration, and readout. The reset stage resets the image sensor to its initial state; the photoelectric conversion stage converts light signals into electrical signals; the integration stage accumulates charge; and the readout stage converts the accumulated charge into a digital signal for output.

[0102] The main components of an image sensor include a pixel array and a driving circuit. The driving circuit includes a row driver, a column driver, timing control logic, an analog signal processing unit, an AD converter, a data bus output interface, and a control interface.

[0103] For a detailed introduction to the pixel array 1000, please refer to the previous description; it will not be repeated here.

[0104] The row driver controls the selection of pixel unit 100 through signals generated by timing control logic, while the column driver is responsible for reading the electrical signals of pixel unit 100.

[0105] The timing control logic is responsible for generating and controlling the operating timing of the image sensor, ensuring that each part operates in the correct order and at the correct time.

[0106] The analog signal processing unit is used to perform various processing on analog signals, such as electrical signals, including amplification, filtering, summation, integration, etc.

[0107] An AD converter converts analog signals (electrical signals) into digital signals.

[0108] The data bus output interface outputs the converted data signal to external devices.

[0109] The control interface is used to receive external control signals and adjust the parameters and operating mode of the image sensor.

[0110] The image sensor works as follows: external light illuminates the pixel array, causing a photoelectric effect that generates a corresponding charge in each pixel unit. The row driver selects the appropriate pixel unit based on signals generated by timing control logic. The electrical signal within the pixel unit is then transmitted through the column driver to the corresponding analog signal processing unit and AD converter, converting the electrical signal into a digital signal for output. The row driver can perform either sequential or interlaced scanning of the pixel array.

[0111] Image sensors can form circuit layers through photolithography and etching processes, form substrates through ion implantation and DTI isolation technology, and realize filter layers and light-concentrating layers through color filter technology. The specific fabrication process will not be described in detail in this disclosure.

[0112] For example, a back metal grid can also be formed by photolithography and etching processes. The back metal grid is located above the isolation structure and is at a certain distance from the substrate. The back metal grid is used to create a certain space between the substrate and the filter layer so that light can enter the image sensor over a wider area.

[0113] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A pixel array, characterized in that, include: Multiple pixel units arranged in an array, each pixel unit comprising multiple sub-pixels, and each sub-pixel being provided with a photosensitive element; The plurality of sub-pixels includes a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel. In two adjacent pixel units, at least two of the first sub-pixels are arranged adjacently, or two of the second sub-pixels are arranged adjacently, or two of the third sub-pixels are arranged adjacently.

2. The pixel array according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plurality of sub-pixels also includes a fourth sub-pixel; in two adjacent pixel units, at least two of the first sub-pixels are arranged adjacently, or two of the second sub-pixels are arranged adjacently, or two of the third sub-pixels are arranged adjacently, or two of the fourth sub-pixels are arranged adjacently.

3. The pixel array according to claim 2, characterized in that, The area of ​​the first sub-pixel is greater than the area of ​​the second sub-pixel, and the area of ​​the first sub-pixel is greater than the area of ​​the third sub-pixel; and / or, the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel is greater than the area of ​​the second sub-pixel, and the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel is greater than the area of ​​the third sub-pixel.

4. The pixel array according to claim 3, characterized in that, The area of ​​the first sub-pixel is equal to the area of ​​the fourth sub-pixel; the area of ​​the second sub-pixel is equal to the area of ​​the third sub-pixel, and the area of ​​the first sub-pixel is twice the area of ​​the second sub-pixel.

5. The pixel array according to claim 4, characterized in that, The pixel unit is rectangular in shape; the pixel unit is divided into a first pixel subunit and a second pixel subunit along its diagonal. In the pixel unit, the first sub-pixel and the fourth sub-pixel are first-type sub-pixels, and the second sub-pixel and the third sub-pixel are second-type sub-pixels; The first pixel subunit includes one sub-pixel of the first type of sub-pixels and one sub-pixel of the second type of sub-pixels; the second pixel subunit includes another sub-pixel of the first type of sub-pixels and another sub-pixel of the second type of sub-pixels. The first sub-pixel and the fourth sub-pixel are adjacent, and the second sub-pixel and the third sub-pixel are adjacent.

6. The pixel array according to claim 5, characterized in that, The plurality of pixel units are arranged in an array along the row and column directions, with two adjacent pixel units in the row direction being mirror-symmetric and two adjacent pixel units in the column direction being mirror-symmetric.

7. The pixel array according to claim 6, characterized in that, include: A substrate, wherein a plurality of photosensitive elements are disposed therein; A light-concentrating layer disposed on one side of the substrate, the light-concentrating layer comprising a plurality of light-concentrating structures; the plurality of light-concentrating structures comprising a plurality of first light-concentrating structures and a plurality of second light-concentrating structures; In a 2x2 array of four adjacent pixel units, the area containing the four second sub-pixels and the four third sub-pixels is a first area, and the first area is located at the center of the area containing the four adjacent pixel units. In the other four adjacent pixel units arranged in a 2*2 array, the area where the four first sub-pixels and the four fourth sub-pixels are located is the second area, and the second area is located at the center of the area where the other four adjacent pixel units are located. The first light-focusing structure is disposed in the first region, and the second light-focusing structure is disposed in the second region.

8. The pixel array according to claim 7, characterized in that, The light-concentrating structure includes microlenses, wherein the boundary of the orthographic projection of the microlens of the first light-concentrating structure onto the substrate at least partially coincides with the boundary of the first region, and the boundary of the orthographic projection of the microlens of the second light-concentrating structure onto the substrate at least partially coincides with the boundary of the second region.

9. The pixel array according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The pixel array further includes: A filter layer located between the substrate and the light-collecting layer, the filter layer including a plurality of first filter portions, a plurality of second filter portions, a plurality of third filter portions and a plurality of fourth filter portions; the first filter portions are located within the first sub-pixel, the second filter portions are located within the second sub-pixel, the third filter portions are located within the third sub-pixel, and the fourth filter portions are located within the fourth sub-pixel; The pixel circuit layer is located on the side of the substrate away from the filter layer, or the pixel circuit layer is located between the substrate and the filter layer. The pixel circuit layer is provided with multiple pixel circuits, and each sub-pixel is provided with one pixel circuit.

10. The pixel array according to any one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that, The first sub-pixel is a green sub-pixel, the second sub-pixel is a red sub-pixel, the third sub-pixel is a blue sub-pixel, and the fourth sub-pixel is a white sub-pixel.

11. The pixel array according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, An isolation structure is provided between the multiple sub-pixels.

12. An image sensor, characterized in that, include: The pixel array as described in any one of claims 1 to 11; A driving circuit, connected to the pixel array, is configured to generate image data based on electrical signals output from the pixel array.

13. An electronic device, characterized in that, Including the image sensor as described in claim 12.

Images